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    Protection Functions | 5.313, ‘synchronism Check. Synchronism Check Synchronism-check elements prevent citcuit breakers from closing ifthe corse- sponding phases across the open circuit breaker are excessively out of phase, ‘magnitude, or frequency. The SEL~411L synchronism-check elements selectively close circuit breaker poles under the following criteria ‘The systems on both sides ofthe open circuit breaker are in phase (within a settable voltage angle difference), and one of the following is true’ > The voltages on both sides of the open circuit breaker are healthy (within a setable voltage magnitude window) > The difference between the voltages on both sides of the open circuit breaker is less than a set limit > The voltages on both sides are healthy and the difference voltage is Jess than a set limit, ‘You can use synchronism-check elements to program the relay to supervise cit= cuit breaker closing; include the synchronism-check element outputs in the close SELo«iIc control equations. These clement outputs arc Relay Word bits 2SWIBKI, 2SA1BK1, 25W2BK1, 25A2BK1, 2SW1BK2, 25A1BK2, 25W2BK2, and 25A2BK2 (see Synchronism-Check Logic Outputs on page 5.316 and Angle Checks and Synchronism-Check Element Outputs on page 5.323). ‘The synchronism-check logic uses the system secondary voltages as applied to the relay terminals. If using PTs with differing ratios on the synchronizing termi- nals, you must compensate for the differing PT ratios by using a KSnM synchro- nism source ratio factor. ‘The synchronism-check logic provides for using alternate synchronism-check synchronizing vollages (see Alternative Synchronism-Check Source Settings on age 5.329) and both independent andl alternative polarizing (reference) voltages (Gee Independent Synchronism-Check Polarizing Voltage Selection Settings on age 5.331) for the two breakers supported by the SEL-41L. ‘An example best demonstrates the synchronism-check capability in the SEL-41IL, This section presents a typical synchronism-check system. Generalized System ‘The generalized system single-line drawing in Figure 5.226 shows a partial cit- cuit breaker-and-a-half or ring-bus substation arrangement. Presuming that both Circuit Breakers BK and BK2 are open, the system is split into three sections: Bus 1, Bus 2, and Line. Figure 5.226 us Breaker Arrangement Date Code 20220328 Instruction Manual SEL-ANL Relay 5.314 | Protection Functions ‘Synchrenism Check. Paralleled and Asynchronous Systems Figure 5.226 shows remote sources for each section, Often, a portion of the power system is paralleled beyond the open Circuit Breakers BK! and BK2; the remote sources are really the same aggregate source. I the aggregate sousce is ‘much closer to one side of the open circuit breaker than the other, there is a noticeable voltage angle difference across the system (itis not simply zero degrees). The corresponding angular separation results from load flow and the impedance of the parallel system. ‘You must consider this angle difference when setting the synchronism-check ele- ‘ment for a paralleled system. In this example, do not set the voltage angle differ- ence setting to less than 15-20 degrees nominal. A paralleled system does not imply a zeto-degree voltage angle difference at every measuring point. Alternatively, if the remote sources in each section of the example system shown in Figure 5.226 ate not paralleled beyond the open circuit breakers, the systems are asynchronous. The corresponding phase voltages of two such systems are only in phase at infrequent times—when one of the systems slips by the other. At all other times, the corresponding phase voltages of two such systems are out of phase (sometimes as much as 180 degrees out of phase) as the systems continue to slip by each other. Single-Phase Voltage Inputs Figure 5.227 shows single-phase voltage transformers (1 PT) on Bus | and Bus 2 Use these single-phase voltage sources to perform a synchronism check across the two circuit breakers 3 AE oy a aust Bus? Figure 5.227 Synchronism-Check Voltages for Two Circuit Breakers ‘Synchronism check occurs on a single-phase voltage basis—see the single-phase potential transformers (1 PT) shown on each bus in Figure 5.227. The assump ‘ion is that if the monitored single-phase voltage inputs are in phase (within a set- table voltage angle difference), and they meet the criteria of being healthy (within a settable voltage magnitude window) and/or the voltage difference is less than & sot limit, the other phase-to-neutral voltages are likewise in phase and share the same vollage magnitude relationship. The line voltage source is three-phase, but you only need a single-phase bus voltage to perform a synchronism check across the corresponding circuit breaker. The relay uses the three-phase voltage from the line for other functions such as fault location and metering SEL-ANL Relay Instruction Manual Dale Code 20220324 Setting E25BKa:= Y Setting E25BK:= Y1 Setting E25BKa:= Y2 Protection Functions | 5.315, ‘synchronism Check. I E2SBKn is set to Y, where n= 1 or 2, the synchronizing logie verifies that both the reference voltage and synchronizing voltage are healthy (within a settable voltage magnitude window above setting 25VL and below setting 25VH) before enabling the synchronism-check logic (see Figure 5.233). If E2SBKn is set to ¥1, where n= 1 or 2, the synchronizing logic verifies that the difference voltage between the reference and synchronizing voltages is less than the 25VDIF setting before enabling the synchronism-check logic (see Figure 5.234), If E2SBKn is set to Y2, where n= 1 or 2, the synchronizing logic verifies that both the reference and synchronizing voltages are healthy and thatthe difference between them is less than the 25VDIF setting before enabling the synchronism- check logic. It combines the logic that is used when E25BKn is set to ¥ or Y1. Synchronism-Check Settings Example Date Code 20220328 ‘This example uses a two-circuit breaker arrangement (see Figure 5.227). Set the synehronism-check enable settings: 298K1=¥ Synchronism Check for Ciseuit Breaker BK1 (N, Y, Y1, 2) £258K2:= ¥ Synchronism Check for Circuit Breaker BK2 (N, Y, YI, ¥2) If you are using the SEL-411L on a single cizcuit breaker, enable synchronism, check for only one cireuit breaker (E25BKI := Y and E25BK2 := N). Figure 5.228 shows the correspondence between the synchronism-check settings and the two-cizcuit breaker application example, All of these settings are listed in Section 8: Settings. The following subsections explain these settings and include an explanation of Alternative Synchronism-Check Voltage Source 2 settings (see Figure $239), Instruction Manual SEL-ANL Relay 5316 Protection Functions ‘Synchrenism Check. eck Voltage Source signa voRage Input SIA ~adust ange elerence 1 agjust magnitude to reerence KS Synehconism-theck Vtage Source 2 SYNCS designate vorage mpit SUA BK Ee Bus? Synchronismtheck Ais Breaker BK 25SFRAT_~ max sip tequency ANGIBK) max angle dference ANGQBKI ~max ange ailerence 2 TCLSBH1 breaker close tine BSYNBR lack sync check SELoae) Synchrnisth-Check Across Breaker BK2 F5SFBX2 ~ max sip fequency NGIBK2 max angle difference ANG2BKQ — max angle difference 2 TCLSBK2 ~ breaker ios ime BSYNBK2 ~ lack sync check Ht) a Synehronistheck Voltage Referen SYNCP — desig input VL voltage windowfow threshold 2SVH voltage windowhigh Ureshold Figure 5.228 Synchronism-Check Settings Synchronism-Check Logic Outputs Figure 5.229 shows the correspondence between synchronism-check logic out puts (Relay Word bits) and the two-cizcuit breaker arrangement. These Relay Word bits assert to logical 1 (eg, 99VP equals logical 1) if te and deassert to logi- cal0 (eg, S9VSI equals logical 0)if false. Table 5.113 lists these Relay Word bits SynehronismCheck Voltage Source! Synchronism-Chec Voltage Source 2 SFUBKI =n9p. SFIBK2 ~n0 ip. SPBKT Slip <25sraxt SPBK2 Sp fe) Bur requeney less than ine requaney (ya

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