’ Homogeneous D.E: de O(x.y)" are homogeneous polynomials in x and y of| same degree, is known as Homogeneous DE *To solve H.D.E. always substitute y = are .Pand Q sLinear DE: 2+ Py, where Pand 9 are functions of x is known as Linear D. E. J Solution of LDE is ye!” Sino a gig tor of LDE = fod" ac sk cos(2"4) 190800824 c0s(2"14) = SE Area of A. xbasex height 4B 2 Area of equilateral A = “3 x( side) : Area of trapezium = Sumof'Isides) = ae y tr| 2-6 349 2 2 tan" x-tan™ y sin | cosd cos cos [sind Function cos x : ( tan! x tant x= sin sec! x tan Inany AABC cosec x Cosine Rule: a? - pie cae cot" R toxe}-{=} Sin Rule: = 5 -_£ = 9p - sind ~ sinB ~ sinC Logarithms: If y=", a>0,a4l,y >0, Projection Rule: a = beosC+ccosB If 2s=a+b+e then 3 2 ~(3)- ee A(AABC) = Solution of 7 ns sin? cos =0 O=(2nt1)F mez tmd=0 | O=nr,neZ sind = (4nsi)F mez = (4n-I)F ne ne ne Z O=(2n+I)n,neZ (2n+i)5 mez ‘General Solution af ome wandard Eqns sin =sina > 0 =nx+(-1)'a,neZ fan? @ = tana => 6 cos + bsind = Where —4 bf tre cosa, sina ,cos 8 resp. and |e| < Va +B 2 R then-xis known as logarithm of y to base a & denoted as x = log, y If base is e then logarithm is known as natural logarithm, i. log, m + log, n = log, mn i tog — tog. = oe,(2) i. tog,(m") = nlog, m iv. tog, m = 88 og, m = =1, log, » (axby" =a" xb" > dal=a ba" =axax..xa(n times) + a8 =(a+b)(a-b) + (aby = +a +6? =(a+b)' -2ab + +b? =(a—b)' +20b + ab) =(a-b)(a? +ab+5") + @-¥ =(a-b)' +3ab(a—b) + @ +b =(a+6)(a*—ab+8°) + @ +8 =(a+6)'~3ab(a+b) + (ab) =a 430° +308" + (a+b+0) =a? +b +c! +2ab+2be + 2ca + (abd) = "Ga 4 "Gab! + "Ca + + °C, 084 Cab n(n=1) x10, 0 $2ab+5?ino sn pia fiat aa a fig =229--0 fig!=®82 22, incon nF lyn Continuity: The function if lims(x)=s(a) ie continuous at = f(x) is sid to be Ditferentiable f(x) Le) exist and finite at x=a if tim: Every Diferetiable function is continuous but every continuous function may not b differentiable Rule of Differentiation: =0 then y= /(x) has its optimum <0 then y= f(x) has maximum ot Bh. 0 then y= f(x) has minimum ++ a())ae= J f(x)de+ fe (eae = 2())ae= ff (x)de—fe(2)ee {i Ju@ Jia (s)ate =f (ede ))6(a)ate=f (ar where = 62) Sard) J1(06 Js(oae=o(2) then Jf (ar+8)ae flrtoy rea LO” ac Kira Z Z Zamracoex | Leoce= eevee a @ Aoxsosion | Leer aseestans anes ctx = on dene fen @ ae d ar @ b0 (4 encom fence a ra Leese! | ae tew's= y=(ar+sy' then y, =r!"C, aes ad yren {Geometrical Interpretation of derivative 2, te spo get on t= itZ\_>o a y= (2) is increasing at x = Fx) is decreasing at x= it & 0 fp (g)dene Jorden +e Important Formulae fea wea] = nel [ype nee [tankers Feosudcsinve [[oexunxdraseerre foinsae = conn | [ener cots = -coser fice’ Jeosec’ Jeosecxdr = logleoseex—cot x = log Jscexde=logseex + tana] Juande =loglee re — Ee oa [Prete MEE aloe Pe) J Fede Ee 2 g(x Is in yeoman aig na once f(t) Jet F@)ae=e'Fx)+e Letras) ) {asinbx—beosbr) +e fer sinbe de = ar Je“ costae = = (acosbe+bsinbr) +6 a F sin renee (PI) fig ede int ae = os” xde ey od Jou" ade Srewramana * gn {£+4a0*4}) Some Standard Substitutions Vax put x=asind or x=acosd VF=a put x=asecd or x= acosecd Vea put x=atand or x= aco cose 9 x= atan? 0 x= ac0t° fegral: To evaluate Le Wedhiety» iD xeasee 0) 2 leayers* Substinte ? secrd erica Sema rae de We divide 1 Vaxoars* Semareenas by coe x in & D & Substnute ¢=tanx sin cs a+bsin2x nx cosx)dr, sin2x=+(""-1) 1 ; «We find a laren We i sin Leos de, Substitute 1 Saree (ony rr = (MOD. gaint with ist 2 ems by +2 ar) cins bur 4, (0042 ‘ WeaDeuo’ i -—sr—neal 2 lela ! ‘catear®” leetmervemms™ in rarem(s) 72 a rm Sere [LP G)de is Area ofthe region 1x{'[(2)] dt is Volume of solid obtained by revolving the ren shun Xa is bounded by the lines curve y= f(x)and the X axis. [7@)ar=0 f. ele Li@e Brace [sla [(s)de= [7 ()+ faa)