ST PETERS BASILICA ROME ST. PETER'S 15 A RENAISSANCE-STNLE CHURCH IN VATICAN COTY, WEST OF THE TIBER RIVER, NEAR THE JANICULUM HILL ANP HADRIAN'S NAUSOLEUN. THE BASILIA Is APPROACHED THOUGH ST. PETERS SQUARE, A FORECOURT DIVIDED INTO TWO SECTIONS SURROUNDED B/ TALL COLONNADTS. THE MAIN CHURCH Or THE VATICAN CiTy, St PETERS BASILICA, POMINATES THE SKYLINE OF ROME'S CITY CENTER. THE CUR PENT BASILICA IS BUILT ON TOP OF THE FORMER BASILICA DEDICATED TO SAINT PETER APOSTLE, WHICH WAS COMMISSIONED BY EMPEROR CONSTANTINE: THE ORIGINAL PASI CA WAS SMALLER THAN THE MUDERN ONE BUT HAD THE SAME QRIENTATION. AN ANCIENT OMAN CEMETERY CAN BE FOUND 71 METERS PENtATH TOgAYS STREET LEVEL, BENEATH THe MAIN BASILICA. TWE TRANSITION FLOM We CONSTANTINIAN BUILDING TO TODAYS BASILICA WAS GRADUAL AND WENT THROUGH VARIOVS FENOVATION WORKS. THEY LASTED FOR ABOUT 180 YEARS AND SAW A GLORIOUS SEQUENCE OF SOME OF THE MOST FAMOUS ARSTISTS. ST PETER SS PASIUCA ARCHITECTS HAVE MANAGED TO Drsicn THE WORLD'S LARGES PONE MraAsuRING 42 74 METERS IN DAMETE@ AND REACHING 132.5 METERS WIGH. THE DESIGN OF ST. DrTER's BASILICA, PARTICULARLY ITS DOME. Was HAD A SIGNIFICANT INFLUENCE ON cHUecH ARCHITECTURE IN WESTERN CHRISTENDOM THE FOLLOWING ARE THE IZ ARCHITECTS WUC CONTRIBUTES IN CONSTRUCTING St PETERS BASILICA 4. DONATO BRAMANTE - WE WAS AN ITALIAN , AR CHITECT AND PAINTER. HE INTRODUCE RENAISSANCE ARCHITECTURE TO MILAN AND THE HIGH RENAISSANCE STYLE TO ROME, WHERE iis FLAN FOR ST FETER’S BASILICA FORMED THE Pasis OF DESIGN. THE DOME Was PLANNED BY BRAMANTE, HLS PLAN was IN THE FORM OF AN ENOURMOUS GREEK CROSS WITH A Dome \SPIRED BY THAT OF THe HUGE CIRCULAR POMAN TEMPLE, TUE FANTHEON. THE SOUP WALL, AS Ustp AT THE PANTHEON, IS LIGHTENED AT ST PETERS By BRAMANTE FIERCING IT WITH WINDOWS AND ENCIROUNG IT WITH PERISTYLE-2 GUILIANO DA SANGALO - HE WAS AN ITALIAN SCULPTOR, ARCHITECT, AnD MILITARY ENGINER ACTIVE DUCING THE 'TALIAN RENAISSANCE. WHEN Pore JVUUS PEP IN 1512, BRAMANTE WAS PEPLACED WITH QUILIANO DA, SANGALLO. GUILIANO'S FINAL WORK WAS TO ASSIST IN THE DESIGN, AND CONSTRUCTION OF THE NEN ST PETERS BASILICA. GUILIANO Was CALLER bry JULIUS Il TO HELP? MICHELANGELD ReMoveD MOULD #£OM THE SISTINE CHAPEL CEILING ATTER THE YOUNGER Atnsy HAD APPLIED Too WET plaster . HE STRENGTHENED AND EXTENDED THE PERISTYLE OF BRAMANTE INTO A StRIEs OF ARdiED APPRESSED THE OPENINGS AROUND THE BASE, WITH A SECOND SvOH ACADT ser Back IN A TieR ABOYE THE TIRST. 2. FRA GlocONpo - HE WAS AN ITALIAN FRIAR, ARCHITECT, ANTIQUARY, ARCHAEOLOGIST AND CLASSICAL SCHULAR. ON DONATO BRAMANTE'S DEATH He WAS MADE PART OF A TEAM WITH RAPHAEL AND QUILANO DA SANGALLO TO SUPERINTEND THE ERECTION OF THE NEW SP Prep BASIC. THE WORK INCLUDED STRENGTHENING THE TOUNDATIONS. 4. RAPHAEL SANziO ~ HE WAS AN \TALIAN PAINTER AND ARCHITECT OF HIGH RENAISSANCE. THE MAIN CHANGE OF tiis PLAN IS THE NAIVE OF AVE Bays. WiS PLAN FOR THE CHANCEL AND TRANSEPTS MADE THE SGUARENESS OF THE EXTERIOR WALLS MORE DETINiTE BY REDUCING THE SIZE OT THE TOWERS. MOST OF HIS WORKS WAS ALTERED CR PEMOUISHED ATIER HE PEATHS AND THE ACCEPTANCE OF MICHELANGELO'S: DESIGN. & BALDASSARE PERUZZI HE WAS AN ITALIAN ARCHITECT ANO PAINTER: We WORKED FOR MANY YEARS WITH BRAMANTE, RAPHAEL AND LATER ONGALLO DURING THE ERECTION ce cy. PETERS. MAINTAINED CHANGES THAT RAPHATL HAP PROPOSTD TD THE INTERNAL ARRANGEMENT OF THE THREE MAIN Apses, BUT OTHER Wice REVERTED TU THE GREEK CK0SS PLAN AND omleR TeATURES OF BKAMANTE. THIS FLAN DID NOT GO AHEAD BECAVSE OF VARIOUS PIPFICULTITS OF BOTH CHURCH AND STATE - 4, ANTONIO DA SANGALLO ~ WAS AN ITALIAN ARCHITECT ACTIVE DVKING RENAISSANCE: UP SvamitteD A PLAN WHICH COMBINES Fearuges OF PeeuzZi, RAPHAEL AND BRAMANTE IN ITS DESIGN AND tExtenios THE BUILDING INTO A SHORT NAVE With A FACADE AND FORTIO OF DYNAMIC, PROJECTION. WIS MAIN CONTRIBUTION Was TO STRENGTHEN, BRAMANTEC, PIERS WITH HAD BEGUN TO CRACK. IIS PROJECTS INCLUDE THE SALA RECIA AND ASO THE FACADE DR “Me BASILICA7 MICHELANGELO BUoNAgOTT ~ WAS AN ITALIAN SCULPTOR, PAINTER, ARCHITECT AND POET OF THE HIGH RENAISSANCE. MICUELANGELO WAS Perc UApeD TO TAKE Over THE PROJECT. HE RETURNED TO THE CONCEPTS OF BRANANTE, AND DEVELOPED HIS IDEAS FOR A CENTRALLY PLANNED CHURCH, STRENGTHENING THE STRUCTURE BOTH PHYSICALLY AND Visuauy. HIS RESIGN POR ST PrTERs © BOTY MASSIVE AND CONTAINED, WITH Tite CoRNEgS BETWEEN TWE APSIOAL AQMS Or tHe GREEK Cros FILLED BY SQUARE PROJECTIONS. THE EXTERIORS IS SURROUNDED BY A GIANT ORDER OF \\ASTERS SUPPORTING A CONTINOUS CORNICE. FOUR SMALL CUFOLAS CUSTER AROUND THE Dome 8. GIACOMO DELLA PORTA — HE WAS AN ITAUAN AZCHITECT AND SCULPTOR , WHO WORKED ON MANY IMPORTANT #UILDING IN Fowe INCLUPING CT. PeTER's PASIUCA. HE WAS IN CHARGE OF THT ONGOING CONSTRUCTION Or sr PETER'S AND LATER IN COLLABORATION WITH POMENICO FONTANA, AND COMPLETED MICHELANGTLO'S POME- 4. DOMENICO FONTANA - HE WAS AN Amcu\T ECT OF THE Late KENA\SsANceE, HE APPED THE LANTERN OF THE DOME OF ST. PETERS AnD pRorosty. THE FROLONGATION OF THE INTTlo€ IN A WELL-DEFINED NAVE. 10. JACOPO BAROZZ\ PA VIGNOLA ~HE WAS ONE OF THE GREAT MALAN ARCHITECTS OF \omTh CENTURY MANNERISM.NE CARRIED ON MICHELANGELOS Work AT ST. PETER BASILICA, AND CONSTRUCTED THe TWO SUBORNATE Domes ACCORDING TD MICHELANGELOS PANS. 4. CARLO NADERNA — HE WAS AN ITALIAN ARCHITECT. MADENO Was FORCED TO MODIFY MICHELANGELUS PIANS TOR THE BASILICA WE ALSO PROVIDE DESIGNS TOR AN EXTENDED NAVE WIT A PALATIAL FACADE, WHICH ISTHE CHANCEL END WIT \TS HUGE CENTRALLY Pace DOME THAT IS THE WORK OF MICHELANGELO. 42. GIAN LORENZO BERNINI — HE WAS AN ITALIAN SCULPTOR AND ARCHITECT. HE Mare ADJUSTMENTS TO EXISTING BUILDINGS AND DrsigNeD NEW CONeTRUCTIONS. AMONG HIS MOST WELL-KNOWN WORKS ARE THe PIAZZA SAN PIETRO, THE FAZZA4 AND COLONADES IN FRONT OF ST-PETER'S BASILICA AND THE INTERIOR PECCRATION OT THE BASILICA. HS PROJECTS Also WAS THE BEONZED COLUMNAR CANOPY OVER THE Hct ALTAR, THE HICH ALTAR IS SURMOUNTED BY BERNINIG Work WHICH IS BALDACHIN, THE CHAPEL UF TWE SACRAMENT, THE PLAN FOR THE NICHES AND Logcias. IN THE PERS OF THe Tome AND THE CHATE OF ST. Price® ARE INCLUDED ON BERNINIS WoRKS LOREEN Jesseca 1D Aza aR 24LOREEN JESSECA DB. PAZA