BBK 22.343 c91 YJIK'535.9+535.33+537.86/87 PenensexT MOKTOpP cbu3sHKO-MaTeMaTH¥ecKHX HayK JL.A, Bonpwoe Cyxopyxkos AJ. Henmnetnue pomnopiie paanmopettcrana B ONTHKe H pagHopuanke. — M.: Hayxa. In. pea. cbas.-mar. aHT., 1988. — 232 ¢., ISBN 5-02-013842-8 TlaHo cucTemMaTWuecKoe HaO%KeHMe COBpeMcHHOM TeopHH HeMHeHHEIX B3aH- Monelictsnit ROMHOBLIX HYYKOB M BOMHOBKIX TaKeTOR B sHM3OTPOTERIX AMCeprupywouluX cpeMax. PaccMOTpeltb! TPeXBOMHOBHC BIaMMOREHCTRA B HeMH- Heol ONTHKe H pagvOdMsnKe, BKMmOYAIOUye NapsMeTpMecKoe ycHMeHMe H pac- TagHy HeycToHuMBOCTS, TeHepauMw rapMOHUK, CYMMADHBIX H pasHOCTHIX BOTH, BBIHY2KHeHHOe KOMOMHALIMOHHOe paCCeAHHe KOPOTKHX MMMYNECOB H BOIGyxKHe- He TOApHTCHHRIX KomeGaivi, HeNHHeiHble MpoaBNeHHA MHCHepcMH H OM pakumn. Onucad pai HOBBIX ABIcHHM RB HenHHeOH BONHOBOH dbu3uKe: TapametpHyeckas Mbby34i, pacnbipanve HW KOMMpeccHA HMNYNbCOB, CBA3AHHEIC ‘TPeXHACTOTHBI€ COUIMTOHEI, B3@HMOKOMMPECCHA BOHOBLIX WaKeTOB, AMCIIepCHOH- Has HeKorepeHTHOcT M HX jMchpaKLMOHHEIe aHianory. Tina cnenuanuctos, pa6oraioumx m o6nacTa HesuHeltitow OnTHKH H na3zepHom QWUKH, PanMOHBHKH HM AKYCTHKH, HSHKM Toa3MBI M UBHKA TREpmOTO Tena, a Takoke ACIMpaHTOB M CTYNeHTOB COOTBETCTBYIOIINX ClleunaMbHOcTeH. Hin. 97. Ba6quorp.: 313 naan. 1704050000-180 1704050000- 180 115.98 © Monarensermo "Hayxa”. 053 (02) 88 Prapwas penakuna (busHRKO-MaTemaTiecKol MTepaTy pa, ISBN 5-02-013842-8 1988OTJIABJIEHHE HIPEUCHOBHE. ... . beens OCHOBHBIE OBOSHAYEHHR . . . Taaea 1 KBASHONTHYECKOE ONHCAHVHE TPEXBOJIHOBIX B3AHMOJEMCTBHH . 1. SU RARE (en ton on Un 209 209 08 202 1 1 1 1 1 1s 1 1, Taaea2 Ypannchua HenuNeHHod seKTPORUHAMMKH B ALCHIeprHpyIOUNNK cpemax. Dnparcuns pomopsrx ny4Kon & aHMSOTPONELIX cpemax. . . Knasuu30Tpomtioe mpwOmmKeHue MIpH cnaGoll aHMSOTpOTIHM . Pactipactpaneime BOnMODLIX NAKeTOR B HMCMEPTHpYIOWX cpeyax . Tpextactorasie B3auMosehcrB HA BOTMOBLIX NY4KOB H HMMYTECOR. Tpoctpaucrperno-ppemensiad aanOrwt. . 6... ee ee Teopua nomo6us Tpexponnossix BIaMMOTeliciBHA . . Yoer MuctiepcwH BRICUTIX MOpAnKoB... 2... 2... MAPAMETPHYECKAA HOOY3WA CNABbIX BONH MPH PACCIPOHKE TPYNTIOBLIX CKOPOCTER, § 2.1. Ceszaminie ypapieHux ana CHFHANBHOM uM XOmOcTOR Bom . § 2.2. 3akon gHcUepcun Boni B HapaMetpHecKOM ycHaMTene . . § 2.3. TMapamerpriccecan andiby3Hm BoOMHOBEIX NaKeTOB, . § 2. Yeunene sbazono-MosynupaBantoro HMnyabea. . ve § 2.5. Pachanta HeycToRunmocTs @a30B0-MOLy AMpOBaHAOH BOMHE HaKauin - § 2.6. KomOuavposaiupre mpocTpaHcTBeHno-ppemeHubie berm: “pH youne- HHH BONHOBEIX NYYKOB MW MMMYABCOB. § 2.7. Bnwsve pacctpokeci RONHOBLIX BeKTOPOB H AMCCHTEUMN SHEprun, Faaea 3 NAPAMETPHYECKOE PACTVIBIBAHME HM KOMIIPECCHA CYMMAPHBIX W PASHOCTHBIX BOUIH «6... 6. eee cee eee tee rnens $3.1. Hecrammonapiate ypapHenna Bax dapametputeckoro Tipeofpasopanna $3.2. WACTOTN se ene eee tetera . Hemuiteiian guctepews cyMMAPHSE H PEBNOCTHLIX Hor © yHeTOM BaceTpovtku Fpyttoperx cxopoctett . 46 47 49Meron napaSommicckoro ypanHeHHnt 71 MapLyaTAHEEX aMIumMTyn. ... Tapamerpyteckoe pacrupieanue CBASSHHEIX ROTHOBKIX HAKCTOB . .. . , Uchomsonanve HenmieMHol GHcMepcHH ana caaTH a30B0-Monymmu- POBQHHBIX MMRYTECOB. ee te ee teens Hpoctpaicrpenno-apemenpie axpekTs1 mpy napamepyvecKom TUIRIBAHHH . Taaea 4 HECTAUMOHAPHBIE ABIIEHHA MPH PACIAQHOM HEYCTOM4MBOCTH BOMNHOBOIO TAKETA... 0.1... cee eee cece tcc eee eee eneaee § 4.1. Tounnite pemenus cpa3anubix ypanHennit 3 opme Pumana . $4.2. Yeunekne nonyTHoi u yxouamel Bom... . oe . $4.3. Younenue yxonampx nom, »,5%,,>0........ : ene § 4.4. Mououoe younenne tp auxpare BON HMMYNLCOM HAKAYKH, ¥, 5 Uy <0 § 4.5. AcumurotHieckne meTomB onvcaHHt HecTauMOHapHBIxX Mapamerpiuec- KX Mpoweccok..... 2... baeeae cr rrr Taasa 5 B3AMMOMEACTBHE CYMMAPHBIX H PA3HOCTHbIX BOJIH B MOJIE KO- POTKOFO HMIYJIBCA HAKAYKH.......,... Knaccnukanya Hecraumorapitnix pexHMoB npeoSpasowaiins YacTOTE! . Pevepauua m-umuy con Ha cymMapHolt wacToTe + : SopMuposaline KBasHCTaNMOHApHEIX poHToR cHA3: Bo36yaccenue Bropolt rapMoHuKn BOMHOBOTO NaKeTAa .... . Gopmupopanve KBASHCTaNWOHAPHEIX HMITYAECOB 8 NHCCHTaTHBHOM co ean an on an PAA @boEE epee... se... Stet eee rere : Taaea 6 HECTAUMOHAPHBIE =TPEXBOJIHOBBIE B3AHMOQEACTBHA TPH CHIIb- HOM 3HEPTOOBMEHE.................. Seer ee eee § 6.1. Townoe pemtenme yxopotenuax ypasnenuii Tpu KorepeHTHOM JIByx- MACTOTHOM B3aWMofeicTaHH . 1... Cs $6.2. Hectaunonapmuie apekThi Ha HemMHeMHow cama TevepaulHH BTOpoit TapMOHHKU . 6 Peewee sade § 6.3. Temepauna ruravtcxoro napamerpwieckoro Mmmynnca |. ss... § 6.4. Orpaxuvenue spcektumnocru ynBoeHNA YactoTE: dasoBO-MORYAHpO. BAWHOLO HMINYIBCA. ee eae eee $6.5. OGumre saxcHomepHocTm MecTaMMOUApARIX Tpex:PoTOHHLIX BaaHMO- MOHCTBMH. cece tte e cece nee Faaea7 TPEXYACTOTHHE COIHTOHbI B CPEAAX C OTHOCHTENBHOR AHCHEP- CHEA MIEPBOTO MOPAAKA................. Wee ee eee eee 7.1. Peaxtusitie rpexeontonbic B9anMOselCTBUM H CTALMOHApHBIe Bom, . § 7.2, Condor ApH BEIPOXUCHKOM BIaMMoneltcTRuM. . . . eens § 7.3. CBoderBa tpexsonvopbix connToHOR........ beens § 7.4. Tapametpitiecku cpazautbie ComToHsT mpH yuere KyOUMHOM Hemwieh. HoctH. : Tanea 8 AHOMAJIBHAA JM®PAKUMA W QHCNEPCHOHHOE PACIUIBIBAHHE MAPA- METPHYECKH CBASAHHBIX BOJIH..... 0... 000000. cee aces sae 8.8.1. TlapaGonmeckoe ypasnemie una ny¥xoB u usnymEcoR B MapaMeTpi- 4NeCKH-AKTUBHOH cpeme. .. . . Pee eee eee eee 52 34 SS 58 60 60 68 70 7 90 90 93 97 99 105 108 108 110 113 116 118 ligAHoManbHast TyebpakuHA BOMHOBBIX NYWKoB. . 2... . ween ee abpaxuxa Bont B napamerpwycckH-akKTHBHOM BOMTHOBORE, . . Bropwioe ynpoutenme yiopoverHbIX ypaBHeHMit, mont wapaMerpr. Weckoro BOMHOBOMa ..... 4.2... ree Younenve omHORLIX laKeToR npw AMCHEpCHM rpynnownx cKopocrel |, YactorHo-yrnopaa KapTHHa MapamMerTpHyeckoro pacceaMuA ... 2... Anpakusonnpie u AucnepcuouMsie wD/CHHA B Nome HASKOUACLOTHOH BOMHBI MAKAIKH. eee see awh © m0 90 G0 G0 soe tn estas BE& Taaea 9 TPEXBONIHOBAA B3AHMO®OKYCHPOBKA. Ht B3AHMOKOMIIPECCHA B CPEAAX C KBAAPATHYHOM HEJMHEHHOCTE....... . ae § 9.1, Baaumooxycuponica ockosHolt u BTopod rapMoHHK . §9.2, Teopua nonoGun # HenmHettiiaa reomerpuveckaa ontTHKa . ||| § 9.3. Tpexpomonag piauModoxycuponKa B TapaMeTpHyeckom yeusurene. . $9.4. CamoxommpeccHa BonHopnIxX naxeTos pH BaHMoNcicTaM aByx TOPMOWMK tte eee - $9.5. Henmnetiias aexomupeccna saammozelteTByi0uMX UMMYILCOR .... . . Taaea 10 TPEXYACTOTHBIE MAPAMETPHYECKK CBASAHHME COJIMTOHBI Ht BOI- HOBOOM B CPEAAX C JHCIEPCHEM BTOPOTO IIOPAAKA.......... Csolicrma commTovios pk rpynnoBom cHEXpoHHsMe . . Chicuansple COMTOHEI IpH rpyTHosLIx paccrpoHKax.. ConMToHbI B OTCYTCTBMe DAcHepcun ono M3 ROTH. . § 10.5. Saxnar pont B CBA3AHHBIe COMHTOHE! H BOHOBOUB. . . oan § 10.6. Bsanmogecrbve MHorouacTOTHEIX coaMToHOB. ..... ... Taaea 1! AYOPAKUMOHHO-DMCIIEPCHOHHAA HEKOTEPEHTHOCTh Q@OEKTHB- HOCTb TIPEOBPASOBAHHA YACTOTBI........... Deer eee nae $111. Dxdbpaxnuonias uexorepetiocts w omtumambian doxycuponica TIpH cra6om Bo36yxneHMA TapMOHMK.. =... beeece ee 8 11.2. Dupaxunonnstt npeaen sipdexTasHocrs yawoctina vacroTH |. § 11.3, Ontumansuoe npocunupoualine nyuKos 1 MpeoGpasoBatenax YacroTet § 11.4. Ducnepcnontas wexorepenrHocTs Mpa B3aumonelicraiM BOMHORKIX maKetoa. 2.0.1... a § 11.5, Brusume aucnepcnn HenHelHon cBa3x Ha BsaMMopeftcraue BonioBEX Taaea 12 § 12.1. Yicopouenmare ypapHenus Hecraymonaporo BKP . § 12.2. Baume MonekynapHoit penaxcauuu wa BKP. 1...) § 12.3. KomGuunponaunere stpextot Mortekynapuoll penakcauim 1 cH Bon 122 126 129 131 132 139 139 145 147 150 is4 187 157 158 160 162 163 168 169 169 176 181 182 184 188 190§ 12.4, BKP dbasopo-MomynHpopaHueix MMLYABCOR . § 12.5. TpextactorHere BKP-comHTobE. » os. 5s + Tagea 13 HECTAUMOHAPHBIE TPEXYACTOTHBIE BSAUMOMEACTBHA Cc Y4AC- THEM NOsIAPHTOHOB . . . . . §.13.1. Yicopotewie ypanHelua noauMomeAcTBHa BonHoBLIX MakeToR Mp MOMMPHTOHHOM pesONaHee. . eee § 13.2. Auccunatuauntt mexaHH3m dopmuposanux ereuosapHBIN nOHspHTON MBIX UMMYIRBCOB. ee eee 8 133. Tucnepens mapamerpyteckx KBasH¥actHu ~ boTopitoron § 13.4, Tanamnica aByxorouxoro lapametpHueckoro NpocweTAeHHT IKCHTOU- TOMAPHTOKHOTO pe3oHaHca 2... ened : CHHCOK JTHTEPATYPBE © nes 197 200FIPEDUCIIOBHE B kHure wanarawtca ocHoBe Teopun u pusnueckue Mpeactaprenna o Tpex- MaCTOTHBIX HeNMHeHHbIX BIaHMOseHcTRHAX BOJLHOBBIX MYYKOB H NakeTOB BOJIH. Tlosenenve BonHOBLIX NyuKoB H MakeTOB B HEIHHeiHErX cpedax craio oGneK- TOM HHTCHCHBHBIX UcchexoBamMi Honee 20 net Nasa. C roro BpemeHn AaHHaA Hpobiema 3anuMaer OHO H3 eHTpaNBHBIX Mect BO MHOTHX OGnacTaAX cbusnKu: B ONTHKE HM paqHocHsuke, B HSHKe THIAIMbI HM THApOARHamuKe, B akycTHKe 4 pH3NKe TRepmoro Tena. TpexBonHopble (TpexuacToTHsle) B3aMMOpeHCTBHA OXBaTHIRAIOT UH poK Hit KpyT HemMHeinpix aBeHHi: BO3byxKueEHMe BTOpOi TapMOHHKH, reHepalnio CYMMAaPHBIX H PaSHOCTHBIX BONH, MapaMeTpHueckoe yclieHHe 4 pacnasHy10 Heyctowunpocts. Hepubte mpcucrasnekva 0 MpoTekaHHH 9THX ABMeHHit GpomH HOAY4EHH ApH PacCMOTPCHHH — B34HMONCItCTBAI TAOCKHX MOKOXpoMaTHue- CKMX BONH. OoHaKO 3THX CBemeHHi HBHO He fOCTaTONHO ia oGbacneHHA Bcero MHOTOOHpazHH HeHHCHHbIX BONHOBEIX MpoleccoB, MpoTeKaruAx B peaibHbrx ychoBuax. Ha npakTHKe Mbl HMeem qemO c MOAY]MpORaHHBIMA BOAHAMM, OF paHHYeHHBIMH B MpoctpaHcIBe H BO BpeMeHH. 9TO O6cTOHTeNDCTRO MPHHUHNMabHO MeHacT BCIO KapTHHy HesIMHeHHOTO B34HMOLeHCTBUA RONH. Bonnosse nyu WH Maxetbl OTHOCATCA K BaKHOMYy KaCcy MOMYTHpORaH- HbIX BOTH, OHH MpeuctaBaAoT coGoi KBasHTIOcKHe KBa3MMOHOXpOMaTH- Neckue BONHBI, OrnGarontMe TakHx BOH MeLeHHO MeHAWOTCR B TIpouecce HX PACIIpOCTpaHeHHA HM B3aHMOyeHCTBUA. JTO cBOlcTBO NOSsBONMIO pazBHTS abPektHpHbie MeTOAbI ONMcaHHA AMpaKuHMONADIX 1 HeCTallHOHapHBIX ABNe- HHH MIpy B3aMMOACHCTBHK BOMHOBELX Maketoe H MyYKOB. Duppaxuwa uw puciepcua Bonn n3mensor MpotekaHne tpexyacTOTHDIX BsamMoneicTBHi. Beneactaue HHCHepcHH MakeTEI pasHbIX ¥aCTOT pacrtpoctpa- HAWOTCA ¢ Pa3IMYHbIMH CKOPOCTAMM, MCIIBITEIBAIOT paciuIDBaHie. Mud pakue a NYYKOB MeHse?T HX AMILIHTYIHbIe M (asoRbie Mpodwin, wo BARAT Ha xapakTep sHeprooGMeHa MexKy BO/IHaMH yoxe Ha TMHeHHOM cranun. Bonee toro, pH HoctaTowHo =Go7bLUAX MHTCHCHBHOCTHX BMCCIO H3BECTHBIX H IIPHBbIVHbIX 34- KOHOMCPHOCTeH MOBEMEHHA BONHOBHIX MyYKOB HM MakeTOR B NAHEIHBIX cpenax BOSHAKACT HOBbIM KN4cc 4pesBHraHHO BaAKHKEIX # HHTepecHBIX HeMHHeliHO- AuppakuMoHHEIX H HeAKHeHO-AMcHepcHONHEIX ABH. Tpx cunpHtx B3anMo- RelcTBMAX MOXKHO HaGuioqaTh MapametpHyeckyw pMbpy3nto Hw KOMMpeccnio MMITYbCOB, 3AXBaT TpeX MaKkeTOB B CBAIAHHBIC CONMTOHBI, B3AHMOGOKYCHPOB- 7ky M B34HMOKOMMpeccuio H TO. OGcyxdleHme NepedncneHHpIx BpuNe ABNeHHi, HX TeopeTMyecKoe ONMCaHHe K COCTaBHeT UeNb 210i KHurH. CuepyeT OTMeTHTB, ¥TO lO CHX Hop 8 JIMTepaType OTCyTCTBOBANIO HOCTATOUHO MOmHOe H CHcTeMaTH- wecKOe W3NO%KeHHe MpoGNeM TPeX¥aCTOTHBIX B34MMOACHCIBH BOHOBLIX TyykoOB H MaKeTOB, ° ofepyKaHHe KHHTH MOXKHO pasueWTb Ha cheuyoulme pasmemy. B mase | usnakaeTCA KBASHONTHUECKHA NOAXOM K OMMCaHKIO TpeXBOUHOBDIX B3aHMOLeit- cTsuii B aNH3OTpONHEIX AMCNeprupylowmx cpenax. B nocnenywmHx mecTH Tyiawax MIpenctapneny! BIaMMONeCTBAA MOLYNMpOBAHHBIX BON B YCIOBHAX PaccTpowKH rpynnoBEIX cKOpoctei uM JiyueBEIX BeKTOpOB, CHayaa paccmaTpH- BaOTCA HecTalHOHApHble scekTel, OOyciOBNeHHBIe MOTyNAMeH c1aGKIx cHrHanos, a 3afem — MOAYIAUHe BONHEI HakayKu. OTgenbHo oGcyxmaetca TIpoGilema COJMTOHOB B CpefaXx ¢ OTHOCHTEEHOH DMcTepcHed NepBoro NopaaKa, Uetsipe mass, ¢ BOChMOH To ODMHHAAUATYIO, NOCRALLICHBbI ONMCAaHHW B38HMO- GelicTRHA BONHOBLIX TakeTOB BO BTOpOM MpwOiwxKeHHU TeOpunH OMcIIepcHH M B3aMMOUcHCIBHIO BONHOBDIX Ny¥KoR B paMkaX HenMHelinoll KBAaSHONTHKH (MapaGonmueckux ypaBHeHHil) . CpeaH HOBbIX BOMHOBBIX XPeKTOB BEeAeTCA AHOMMIbHAR AMpaKUAA TYYKOB pH paciaghol HeycTofuMBocTH MocKOH BONN! HaKaIKH, Mepexoms- IaA B HeIMHeMHOW CTaWHH BO B3I2HMOPOKycKpOBKY BOTH, OGcyxMaeTca TakKxKe DMpakiHOuHpi cOok cas Mp B3aMMOLeHCTBHK BOAHOBbIX NyUKoB. C ud paK- UMOHHOW HeKOTepeHTHOCTHIO CBA3aHO MIpHHUMMMallbHOe OrpakwueHwe yPOBHA MepeKaukH IHeprun OCHOBHOTO U3NyyeHHA BO BTOpylo rapMoHHKy. B 3aKT10WH- TeNbubIX OBYX MWlapax Kpatko oGcyadlaotca CcoGeHHOCTH B3IaMMOTeHCTRHA CBETOBBIX BON C MONeKYyNApHBIMH KOMeOAHMAMH M TONApHTOHHLIM H3mTy4e- HHeM. 3fech NOMKMO BONHOBOM MpOMBNACTCA NOKaNbHad HectauHOHapHocts, CBA3AHHaA C KOHESHBIMH BpeMCHaMy MONK YI ApHOH peak calun, Vsnoxkenme ocHOBHOro MatTepualla KHMrH OTTaKuBaeTCA OT MpoGiem He- nnKeiHoH onTHKM. OnHako B cHIy OGuIHOCTH NOHATHIT O BONHOBEIX MyuKax K MakeTax, DHppakuMu 4 AMCHepcHH BOsH MHOrMe 3AKOHOMEpHOCTH, YCTaHOB- JleHHble Ha MpHMepe B3IaMMOTeHCTBMA CBETOBBIX BONH, B paBHOi cTeneHH OT- HocaTca K BONHAM Apyroh uswyeckow npuponsr. Hostomy aptop HafeeTcA, uO KHHYAa MpefctaBHT UHTepec He TONbKO WIA CMellMaNHCTOCB B o@iactu He- HHHeHHOH ONTHKH, HO H WIA Goslee WHpOKOTO Kpyra PH3HKOB, H3yYaIOWMX HenubetHple BOHEI. Matepuan orgenbupix man KHMTH GpuI MpounTaH aBTOpoM Ha MexayHapon- HbIX WKOWaX MO KOrepeHTHOM onTHKe (Bexune, UCCP — 1982; Byxapect, CPP — 1983; Acxa Tlonuna, CCP — 1987; TGunucn — 1987), Ha puanye- cKOM dbakynbrete MockoScKoro yHuBepcuTeTa DIA cnyulatenei cmewoToene- una "JlazepHad TexHuka” B Kypce "JImcpakuHOHHble KM JMCNepcHOHHbie ABIIC- HMA B HETMHeEHHbIX Cpeqax” K MIA CTYHeBTOB panMopUsHyecKOro OTTeNeHHA B kypce "Teopua Bonu”, Tlostomy KHHra NO cTWioO MW1O%KeHHA MaTepHaa 6nu3Ka K yye6HOmMy NocoGHIO HW MooKeT GEITb MCHONbIOBaHa TPH WreHHM crieu- KypeoB NO pany cheunanMzauni. B KHATe ONHcaHHe IeKTPOMATHHTHBIX BON BejleTCA B rayccoRO cHcTeMe eOMHHY. Kura HanucaHa Ha OCcHOBe vcqeqoBaHHi, BbINOJIHEHHBIX 4BTOPOM Ha Ka- cbenpe BOAHOBDIX MpouleccoR u3nyeckoro caxynsteta MIY. Hasano 9™x pa6or OTHOCHTCA K HepHony 1963-1965 rr., Korma akayemHK Pem BuKTOpoBH4 Xox1oB MpHBneK BHMMaHMe aBTOpa K TIpoGleMaM TOAbKO 3apoxKAaButelicnB TO BpeMA HenuHeiHOH KBaSHONTHKH, CBA3aHHOH c M3yyeHHeM caMOBO3reii- CIBuA M BIaMMOPelicTBHA BOMHOBSIX MyYKOB H HMMynECOB. Mepppie paboTH, BBMORHeHHBIE on pyKoBoscTBOM P.B. Xoxiowa, Hagonro ONpenemMin Hay HEIC MHTepecbr aBTOpa & OGNactH @USHKH HeAHHCHHBIX BONH. Bonpuryt pou cbirpa- 110 TakxKe TIOHOTBOpHOe coTpymHHyecTBO c C.A. AXMaHOBBIM, BO3T1aB 0M oie Kageapy o6weit busvku A BOMHOBSIX Mpoleccos. ABrop UpHHocuT my6oxy1o GnaromapHocts W).H. Kapamauny, A.K, Cyxo- pyxosoi, Asumosy, 10.D. T'pmmo, B.H. Tycrosomy, T.C. Owimmyx DpyruM cOTpySHMKamM cbusHuecKOrO dakynETeTa, pe3yMbTATbI COBMECTHBIX paGoT ¢ KOTOpBIMM MCNONb3OBaHb! MpH HallMcaHMn KHHIH. Aprop Tipu3Hatemex peuexsenty JA. Bonsmopy, BHAMaTeNbHO MpounTaB- WeMY PYKOTIHCh H BbICKa3aBLUEMY WeHHble 3aMevaHHA, YurcHHble Mp OKOHYA- TeNbHOW peqAKUMH KHHEH.\ OCHOBHBIE OBOSHAYEHHA A — aMunnTyna BonHEI a — — nonepettintt pannyc BomHoROTe nya D — — xoopbuyneur nadpakunokvoro nnn pucnepcHonnoro pacnmrnanna E — pacnpeflenenme aMIMTynAI BOHEI Ha rpaHHe cpelet I —witrencustocrs soaust { —Homep acm k — — Bonvonoe wucn0 {= y91#Ha HemateAnot cpens 7, —alleptypHaa jnmmna crtoca steprua nyaKoB Jy — AMIMHa pMenepcHoMHoTO pacinbEaHUA NaxeToR 1, = jymua cpynmoporo sanaazmtuanust P — momocrs, Q — amnmurryya Monexynapusr KoneGattnit Ra — Huma nudypakumoMHoro pactinereanaa nysKon 4 — rpynnonas ckopocts W — axeprum nontonoro nakera X,Y ~Mollepeutinte KoopavnaTEI Z — mpononsias Koopuniara 8 —yronMexny ayyesbimu BeKTopamH T —waxpemenr napametpateckoro ycunetnst y — KoshOumext Henmnewtion casam aMmuTy Ak ~ Bomiosas pacctpottka 9,9 — yPnbI HaSmonennR aA — WOIHHa BOTKEI » — — pacerpoitka rpynmopsix cKopocreft T — AUIMTEJIbHOCTE HMITysTbCa Xq — KBalparwaHad BoctpuaMunsocT Q ~ cauur sacrorer @ — Wecyruast waetora aq -— XapakTepucruueckas NepeMeHHad Wa BOMHOROTO MaKeTa 10THABA I KBA3HONTHYECKOE ONMCAHHE TPEXBOJIHOBLIX B3AHMOJEMCTBHA ‘\ B oro rnape Mauaraerca MeTORUKa HCCIeNOBAHHA peIOHAHcHLIX HEMMHEH- HbIX B3AKMODelicIBH BOUHOBEIX WaKeTOB HW MYWKOB, AMCHOIAX WieKTPOMarHHT- HyW0 mpHpony. Henuueiivioe pacnpocrpatienne TakWx BOTH ONMCbIBaeTCA YpaB- HeHHamu MakcBeama cOBMecTHO c MAT¢pHaibHpiMA ypasHeHMamn. B cMny OFpoMHOH COXHOCTM pelllenHA 3THX Yypapuenuii BOIHMKaeT HeOOXOJMMOCTS B paspaGorike MpHOMHKeHIbIX MeTOAOB, OCHOBAHHbIx Ha BBeMeHHH MAIbIX HapaMeTpos. B cnaSonenuneiiupx HM craGonomouaoumx cpegax AMIUIATY {hI BOJHOBEIX TYYKOB H MaKeTOB ABNAIOTCA MeIJIeHHEIMM byHICUMAMA KOOpHMHaT H BpeMeHH, Qror @akt McMomp3yetca WA yHpowenua HeNMHeHHBIX BOMHOBEIX ypaBReHHit, aaxovaioWerocsn B Mepexoyie K YKOpOWeHHBIM ypaBHeHHAm DIA Me/IeHHO MeHALOINAXCA AMIUINTY A. B feppom upxG@nwxenmn lo ManloMy TapaMeTpy TpexBoiHOBBIe B3aHMOzeH- CTRMA ONMCLBaOTCA ypaBHeHMAMM HecTauMOHAapHO TeomerpwucckoH ONTHKH Wid WYYeBLIX AMIUIHTYZ, YWTEBAIOMMMM paste TpyNMOBBIX cKOpOCTeH MO Mopyi0 H HarpapeHHio. Bo BTOpoM, KBa3zHONTHYeCKOM, TpuGnwxKenHa yunTEI Baetca Hudbby3ta mMyyespix aMUNMTYD B OGNACTS reometpuiecKoii TeHH. ITO MosBOnAeT ONMcaTh DM@pakiynw HK DMcHepcnounpre shiek Ter BTOpoTo NopaKa B Henuneituer cpesax. Tak Kak HenuHeiiHble Cpey{bl, B KOTOpEIX OCyMlecTBIA- JOTCH TPeXBONHOBbIe B3AMMOACHCIBHA, YACTO ABIMIOTCA aHK3OTPOMHbIMH (aa- IIpuMep, B ONTHKe), TO OcoG0e BHHMaHHe B TO! rHaBe yneneHO OGOOULeHHIO Merona MapaGommuecKOTO yPpaBHeHMm DH OMMcaHMA OMdpacnnH TYWKOB B AHH3OTpOnH bx KpHeTaiiax. Jlanee B pamKax reoMeTpOOnTHUecKUX M MapaGonmyecKHx ypaBnennit pasBH- Barca MpHHWMMb! TeOpHH MOAOGHA TpeXBOsTHOBBIX B3aHMOUCHCTBMH HM ipo- CTpaHcrseHHO-BpeMeHHOM aHANIOTHHK MexKLy MOBeyeHHeM MYIKOB H BONHOBBIX aKeTOB, NO3BONAOLUHE HocHeTOBaTE HeNHEHHbIC MBCHHA, B HanGonec o6uten cpopme. B Kone rnapn OGcy2laiorcd TpeTpe MpHOnwxKeHHe B TeOpHH TMHeHHOW BuctepcuH H mAcHepcHA KosppunvenroB HeHHeHHOH CBASH AMILIATY 1 B34HMO- TevcTBytoultx BONE, ma)$14. Ypannenua HemHHeHHO anekTponHHaMHku B OMceprapyroujAx cpenax PacnpoctpaneHwe MHTeNCHBHBIX 3eKTpOMaTHMTHDIX BO B HeMarHHTHOi cpene, re @ = i, ommcpwaerca B pamKax Knacchueckoii omeKTpOAMHaMAKH BOAHOBEIM _ee 1 fa 2 > > tot rot & +—— =0, D=&+4nHh. 1 ce? ar? * ay pon) > (ay Honapuiaumna gusnextpuxa P = P + CB3aHa C Hallps>KeHHOCTDIO Nora & B oOulem cmyyae yHKuMOHaTOM (cM., Hampumep, [1, 2]).C yrerom BpeMeHHOH JIMcIiepcHu i-A KOMMOHeHTAa NHHelHOi YaCTH BeKxTOpa NONApH3alHH MMeeT BH Po = f atxq yee ~t'), (1.2) THe 10 HeMoMy HHIeKcy j ocynlectsaactca cyMMuponaHne, Henuveiinyto wacts Monapysayaa MoxHo Mpenctasure B Bane paaroxKeHHa TO CTeneHaM HallpHKeHHOCTH 3eKTpHuecKorO tona &, Tak Kak mpakrHye- CkM Bceria Tone cBeTOBOH BONHbI MaJIO IO cpaBHeHHIO ¢ BHYTpHaTOMHBIM &, (napamerp pasnoxenna gu, = &/&, < 1). BaT0M caywae POT) = a dt'at "xin t', PVE Ct t')VE (Et! —t") +... (1.3) 3nech MbI YUIH TONBKO KBamparMyHSM O TOT Wien pasnomeHHA, TAK KaK HM@HHO OH OGecleumBacT pasBHTHe Tpex4aCTOTHEK B3aMMOTeHCTBHIL aueKTpO- MarHMTHpx BonH [1-8]. Mocnepnyromme wernt pasnoxenua B (1.3) oTBeTCT- BeHHbl 38 YeTbIPeXYaCTOTHOE BIaMMonetcTBHe [1, 2,9~11] wv caMoBosneicTBHe soma [12-16] «1.0. B Hepmeneprupyioutmx cpetax wurerpatsHe TMpencTasnenna (1.2), (1.3) Nepexogat B anreOpau4eckue: PO = x8, PM = xy BO t... (1.4) B nenwueitunrx cpenax Ges pucnepcwm (1.4) wim opa cnaGoi AHCIepCHH BO3- MOAHO OGpasoBaHHe YMapHBIX 3eKTPOMALHATHHIX BOJIH, OSHaYaHOIee Kac- KayHoe Bo36y>kTeHHe Honbioro YHcNa TapMoHuK [17-19]. Tj ouTnuecKHX BONH DcHepcua wrpact npHHUMMMaNSHyo pon — B ad- PeKTMBHOe B3aNMOReHCTBMe BcrynaeT HeGObINOe YMGNO BOTH, KAK MpaBHO ABe-WeTbIpe BONHKI, WA KOTOPLIX NOAGHPAaloTcA cllewMaTBHEIe yCnOBHA cOma- copauMa tbas0Bbix cKopoctei. Takum 06pa30M, AA ONMcaHHA TpexyacroTHOTO BIRMMONEHCTBHA BOJHOBKIX [aKeTOR HeoGXODMMO HCIONBSOBaTb MaTepHalt- uple ypaBHeHHa B Bune (1.2), (1.3). 310 mMmeer MeppocTenenHoe 3HaueHMe AAA HenwHeHHOH onTHKH HMKO- HM demTOceKyHOHEIX MMtlynscos [20, 21]. C nuuelinol mucnepcneh cRasaHer apdbekTEE KpHTHYecKoro hbaz0Boro cHH- XpOHH3Ma, [pyTIMOBOTO 3ana3qbBAMMA M OMciepcHOHHOTO pactnpmanAE B34MMOTeHCTBYOUIMX Umiynpcos. B paye clyuacs HeOOXONHMO yuATHBATD M ACTepcuio HeNMHeHHBIX CBOHCTB CpelibI, ONHAKO BMAIN OT YACTOTHBIX pe- SOHAHCOB OHA OTHOCHTeNbHO ciaGa, OTMeTHM Takxe, YO B OONacTH Mpospay- 12HOCTH CpezbI, NpeRcraBnAWWeH HAnGONBWHH MATepec, JUCcHTauMA 9HeprUn RONH Mana — xapakTepHad (WIHHa 3aTyXaH4A MHOTO GOMbILIC AIMHbI BONHDI. Takum o6pa3om, GyneM CUHTaTD cpely clabovenmHeltHow, cnaGopuctiepru- pyowel M craGonormomaronet. Cuezyer MomuepKHYyTb, 4TO Takad cHTyaMA xapakTepua He JOuBKO WA ONTHKK, HO H ANIA B3aMMOselCTBHA weKTpoMar- HUTHBIX BOJLH B/TINASMe, DIA aKYCTHYECKMX B3aMMOneHcTBHE HT... Actoubsy 4 S10 (paKT, 3aMMLeM BONHOBOe ypaBnenue (1.1) 3 BHTE > 1 @ a, 4p 8 = sey trot & + DOM = — [PO + PO"), 15 Oe Fan? 2 or | a8 aim’ aa" at st lM, Tae ®D w CBAJaHbI C DEHCTBHTebHOW XR H MHHMOW Xy ‘YWaCTAMH MMHeHHOl BOCIpHHMIHBOCTH COOTBeTCTBeHHO. Manpii lapamMetp fo XapakTepH- a3yeT OTW4He CpeNbI OT MIpMHATOM HAMM NIMHeHHOW HeTMccHMaTMBHOK MoOj{elH. Jina Muorax Mpaxrayeckux 344% 3HauHTeNbHBT wHTepec MpercrannaloT KBa3HIOCKHe H KBa3HMOHOXPOMaTHYCCKHe BOJIHbI, WIK, MHBIMH C1OBaMH, BOJHOBBIE MYYKM Hu MakeTI. On obagator Malloi yrmopoit pacxouMMocTLIO W Y3KMM WACTOTHBIM ciexrpom. B onTaKe Take cBOficTRa MpHcyiH asepHo- My ManyueHiio, 97O NOIBONAeT MIpHMeHHTS K aHann3y HenMHeHMHEIX ABTEHKI MeTO# MeIyIeHHO MeHAIOUIMXCH aMILIMTYH, COTMacHO KOTOpoMy cyMMapHoe Tose Tpex B3aHMO LeliCTBYIONIMX BONE 3aTKIeM CieqyIuMM OOpasom: ~ 13 Bay E Ayltszs wax way, nat) expliteont — hp] #60 (1.6) tye A; — KOmMeKcaa ammmutyna Geryuiell BONHBI c YaCTOTOH Ww, M BOMHO- BBIM BexTOpom ky (A = 2a/k — OMka BoyMEI), # — Mafble Mapamerpbl, xa- paxTepHaylomve Me/JICHHOCTh M3McHeHHA AMIWIHTYABI B MpocTpaHcrse KM BO BpemMeHM 10 cpaBHeHHH c GbICTpbIMM M3MeHeHHAMH 3HKaHaNa IWIOCKOM BOUHbI (axcHoHeHuMaDHBit MHoxMTeTS). Samce (1.6) ofMcsIBaeT BOTHOBOe Moe Myukos c xapakTepHbIM MacluTa60M MpocrpaHcTBeHHO MOnynAUMH 2 > A HMIlyIbCHbIX cHTHaion ¢ MacuiraGom BpemeHHoM monmynsunn 7 > Nu; u — cKOpOCTS pachpoctpanen#ia BOMHDI. Tak Kak aKTIOpbl, BAMAMOUHe Ha H3MeHe- Hie OrH6aionjux BOTHOBBIX NaKeTOB H MyyKOB (upakuMA, MMcTepcHa, MHc- cHMayia, HenmHelHocrh) HMeHOT, BOOGIE TOBOpA, pasHbit NOpALOK MaJIOCTH, TO B 3ABKCHMOCTH OT MX COOTHOMICHHA YKOpoueHHble y paBHeHUA [1A AMIUTUTY A HpHoGperawT pasiMuHbli BHA. Tak, B NepBom mpxGnpKenun Mo Mati Mapa- MeTpaM fo M3 (1.5) cheHyloT ypaBHeCHAd TeOMeTpH¥ecKOl OUTHKK, a BO BTO- poM — apaGonHueckHe ypaBHeHua C MHHUMBIMH KOs puUHeHTaMH Dudpy3nw Ayvesbix aMIUIMTyn, Bewog yKopovenHEix ypaBHenmit gia ammnuTya oGcyxKna- eTCA B CllejyrOuMx Maparpacbax 9TOH TaBbl, § 1.2, Hxpaxuas BONHOBEIX TYYKOB B AHHSOTpONHBIX cpemax PacemoTpHM pactipocrpaHenue B AMHcitHo Henormoutazouye cpeste (1g > 0) MOHOXpOMaTHuecKOH BOMHBI (H4 = 0), Utd KOTOpoH BoNHOBOe ypaBHeHHe (15) tepexonut B ypasnenne [enpmronnua rot rot & + (w/ePE(w)& = 0, (7) re €(w) = 1+ 4nX(w) — chekrpanpundi oGpas Tex30pa AAanesrpuyeckoii 13TiponMyaemoctn. Moncrapran (1.6) B (1.7), Haxogum ypaBHenne rot rot A ~i[k[VA]] —i(V [KA] ] + [K[KA]] t(w/cYeA = 0, (1.8) KoTopoe OMkcbpiBaAeT moBemeHHe aAMIUIMTy HeB3aHMOJ@HCTB YIOUUHX BOTH B NHHeaHOH aHHs0TponHOH cpene, Jia ciyyan paclpocTpaHeHHH BOMHOBBIX nyukos (1.8) MO%xHO YIpOCTHTL ¢ HOMOLJ[bIO MeTO/a MejIeHHO MeHAOUAXx- cA aMIVIATY A. OnmKeHHe §=reoMeTpwicckoH onmuKu. B Hyesom nipHOnwKeHHH (u7= 0) B cpere GexHT MOcKat BONHa NOCTOAHHOM aMILIMTyGbI H pasbl, A= eEo, (1.9) BeKTOp NONAPH3aljHH @ HM BOHOBOM BeKTOp kK KOTOpOii cAAa3aHDI COOTHOLUGHHEM [A lke]] + (e/c)*ee = 0. (1.10) IipupabHenbit K Hy OTIpenenuTenb CHCTeMbI OMHOpOAHDIX ypaBHenHii (1.10) gaer guctepcMoHHoe ypaRHeHMe YeTBeEpTOTO NOpAyKa OTHOCKTCIIBHO KomilonenT ky, Ky, kz, peileHWe KOTOporo MpescTaBrAeT coGoH mBe tloBepx- HOCTH BOJHOBBIX BeKTOpoB. KaxxHomMy 3alaHHoMy Hampasmexmio pactipocrpa- HeHua K/k cooTBeTCTByIOT 18a paaIMYHDIX 3HaYeHHA BOHOBOTO yHCIa k = = nwfe (nm — NoKazaTenb Npelomienna), T.c. UMewWTCH ABE HOpMaNDHDIe BOMHbI, pacltpocTpavaroulMecd c pasHEImMH cba3oBRIMM cKOpocTAMH. OnHa 43 HX Ha3bBaeTca OObIKHOBeHHOH, Opyraa — HeoOnucHoBeHHO. Hopmanb K HOBePXHOCTH HONHOBBIX BCKTOPOB yKa3bIBaeT Wanpaaenne myyeBoro BeK- Topa $, KOTOPbIM cocrapitmeT C BONHOBBIM BeKTOpoM Kk yron B, Ha3pIBaemplit YOM DBYNYYeNpeOMAeHHA WIK yom aHH30TponHH (pc. 1.1). a Puc. 1.1, Tlonepewinie ceuetua NopepxHocreli BomtoHbIX BeEKTOpOB B OLHOpODHOM KpucTan- Te IMI O6MIKHOBEHHOH (@) H Keo6bIKHOBeHHOA (6) BONH: UITPHXOBAR MUHA — peuleHHe BOMHOROrO YpaBHeHHA; KacaTerpHas 7 — npuGuMxente reomerpiueckoii ONTHKH; MapaGona 2 — KBasHONTHYECKOe NpHOMDKEHHE Yupoctum renepb (1.8), cunTad MewieHuble K3MeHeHHA aMIUINTyAbI A B TepBOM TIpHOMwxKeHHH paBHONpaBHbIMM NO BCeM Hanpaprennam (uy = M2 = = ta). Yuntpmaa, yo pu cnaGoii mu@paxuun BeKTOp NOMApH3aUWH BOMHEI B OCHOBHOM COXpaHaeT cBOe NOMOxKeHHe B MpoctpaHcTBe, AMIMIMTYMy MO>KHO TipencTapuTs B Bune [1] A = eA(ur) + 2U(r). (yy “4Tlonetrapnaa (1.11) 8 (1.8), monyuum B Meppom MpHGnwxKeHHM Io Yt YKO- povelinoe y paBHeHve Wis nyvenoit ammutyngl [1] le[ke]] VA = 0, (1.12) KoTOpoe HmeeT OOulee peluenne A = A([sr}, [s(sr}}). (1.13) B faHHOM MpvGnwkeHHH aMIUINTYWa BONHDI ABILACTCA MpOMSBONBHOM yHK- uke KOOpHaMHaT, NepleHAMKyNApHBIX yyy s. Taxnm o6pa3om, ypaBHeHe (1.12) coorsererByeT MpHOnMokerMIo TeoMeTpH¥ecKOit ONTHKH; Mp 3TOM Bce MYYH, COCTAaBITAIONIMe ILYYOK, fla pase DNB ApyT ApyTy- Metoa napaGommueckoro ypaBHeHHa B aHH30TPONMHBIX Kpucramax. Bropoe MpuG@iaacHve B MeTONe MeMleHHO MeHAIOUINXCA aMILIMTY 1, YUHTBIBaCT AAppak- UMW BOUIHOBBIX NyyKoB. Bieppble 31MM MeTOROM Opplo nomyyeHo napaGosH- ueckoe 'ypaBHekHe [1a nyveROl aMILIMTyNbI B 3anaye DMdbpakumK paloBosH Hal 3emuOit NoBepxHoctsio [22-24]. 3arem meTos NapaGonmuecKero ypaBHe- HHA Hale WMpOKOe MpimeHenKe WIA HaxoagdleHHA MOP, OTKpbITOTO pe3soHa- Topa, OlMcaHMA paclipocrpaneHHA TazepHbKX nywKoB [25, 26]. TipymMeyym metoa napaGonnueckoro ypaBHeHUA OA avaMga BAdpaKunK ponnontie nysncon B aHA3OTPOMHBIX Ccpelax. CormacHoO 3TOMy MeTO/y aMIUIM- TyHa BONS HallpaBleHuA pacitpoctpateHHa Nyyka w3MeHAeTCA Gomee MesvIEH- HO, YeM B NeplensMKyIAPHOH WiocKocTH (B MONepeyHOM ceyeHMu), Tae Mpo- HCXONMT Nepexos M3 OGsacTH CBeTa B OGIacTS TeHH (4 = By =p? =y3): A= cA l?xy, ul ys, wz) + HU). G14) 3yech BBeAeHbI HydeBble KOOpmMHaTE x, [le, Ys ll 4 = [se], 25 {1 $. Mogctannaa (1.14) 8 (1.8), MoxHo npviiTH « napaSommueckomy ypasiiennio [7-9] aA _ (ks)(eGe) 9A [ _ (key I 7A az, (kée) ax? K (w/e heh | ay? (1.15) B ofhoocHoM, Kpucraie (1.15) MoxkHO MpeoGpasoBaTb c MOMOMIBIO H3BeCcT- Hptx cooTHOWMeHHH KpucranoontHKH [27,28] K BHOy 2 2 + (héh) ae Bnepspie (1.16) Obmi0 nonyyeno 8 [29] win chywaa BBymepHoit onbpaKnnnt w B [30] aia TpexmepHprx 3amay. Baio (1.16) Gpor BbMonHeH TAKE B (31, 32]. Hs ananasa npoueny poi Bpwona MapaGommueckux ypaBnenuit cnenyer, oro Maibii Napamerp 8 (1.14) pape no Hopauxy serum (ka) ?. Tipu andpakunn oGpucHoBeHHod Bonner (k Ils) c ammumTyn0 Ag ypaBHe- rue (1.16), Kak HW CheNOBAIO OkHLAaTS, MpAHAMaeT TaKYy!O 2%Ke CopMy, Kak B H3OTpOTHO! cpene [24], 2 2 ike dda _ Odo, BAo (7) az, 8x? by? 2i(ks) 1. 34 a9 2u(kés) =~ = (e€e) (1.16) zs x Cornacho (1.17) oadpakunoHHOe pactipBaHne wleKTpOMarHHTHOTO Nona TpaxTyerca Kak pesyNhTaT MonepeyHo AMciy3HH JyueBbrx ammintya. pu 153TOM B CHY MHHMOCTH Kospduunenta aMbdysun napaGonnueckoe ypapHenve OIMcrIBaeT HCKAKCHHA He TOAbKO aMIUIMTYaHOTO TIpohunsa BoMHbI, HO H ee dasoporo porta, Ouesuano, ypaBHenua (1.15)—(1.17) moxsio mpamenure B NMNeiNOH OILTHKE K pacueTy Pe3OHATOPOB C AHHZOTPONHLIM 3anOHeHHem HozepxHocra somone BekTOpos. Xapaktep fpHOswxKenuil, cyenaHHEx Mpa BorBOne NapaOonmueckHx ypasHeHHit (1.15)— (1.17), Moxsio Gomee acHo ApectaBuTs, pasnarant Tone No WIOcKHM BOnHam. HonoxKHM aMILIHTyny OGpuc- HOBeHHOH BOIHBI paBHoit Ao = exp (—igr). (1.18) Tora BouH0B0H BeKTOp yrIOBOH KOMNOHEHTH k=kyt+q, (1.19) H MOBEPXHOCTh HOTHOBBIX BEKTOPOB OGbIKHOBEHHOM BONDI HMeeT ecepu- ueckyto hopmy: [ky +q |? = k2, wm 2koq, +92 +45, +q2 = 0. (1.20) B xpasnontustiom npa6mnxenum (1.17) ara nonepxHocrs alimpoKcHMupy- eTem MapabonowzoM (mpeHeGperaem wietiom 2) 2kog, +a; +43 = 0. . (1.21) Ha pue. |.la npegcrasnenst Tpabuku cevenmit Nosepxuoctes BonHOBEIX Bex: Topos (1.20) u (1.21) mrocKocrsw qy = 0. B touxe g = 0 napaGononn a cepa HMerot BropoH MopagoK KacaHua (oWM MMeror onMHaKosErit panuyc XPABHSHBI, paBHIi ko). Takaa oxe KaprHia cOXpalaeTca B H30TpOTHO: cpene. Auanorwuibm o6pa30m KccneayemM TOBepXHOCTh BOsTHOBBIX BeKTOpoB HeOObIKHOBeHHOH BonH. Togcranmaa (1.19) B (1.16), Haxoqum, wro ara TMOBEpXHOCTh HMeeT cho pmy annUTcouna 2ke Sq, + 2eesq,.q.+ sésq? + e€eq? +héhq? = 0. (1.22) Ypaskerme (1.22) nerko TONYIHTb, CNH BOCHONBSOBATECA COOTHOWeHHeM kek = 65 €2 w/e? [23] wnoncranuts Hero k = k, + q. B xpasnontmueckom npu6mmxernu (1.16) smecro (1.22) nonyuaemM ypaBHeHve napaGononna (pie. 1.16) 2k_€sq, + e€eq? + hehg? = 0, (1.23) fe oa KOTOPbIH HMeeT B TOUKe g = 0 BTOpoit TO paNOK KacaMMa c aIHTICOMNOM (1.22). Takum oGpazom, MpH nepexoae of BOTHOBOTO ypaBHenna (1.7) « napafonn- 4eCKHM ypaBHeHuam (1.15)—(1.17) mosepxHocTH BOMHOBBIX BeKTOPOB all- NPOKCAMHpyioTca TlapaGONOHNaMH, KOTOpbIe B TOUKe, cooTBeTcTBYIOUIelt cpeqHeMy BOuIHOBOMYy BeKTOpy k, HMelOT BTOpol wopayoK KacaHHA c yKa3an- HbIMH MOBEPXHOCTAMM; Ocb TapaGononaa coBlasaeT c HallpaBlieHHeM Sryyepo- TO BeKTOpa, a pauMyChl KPABH3HbI ABYX NOBEPXHOcTelt PaBHBI Apyr Apyry. Tax KaK YIIOBOH clleKTp MeMeHHo MO;YJIMpOBaHHEIX BONH (umpoxnx myukos) aocrarouio y3ox, g/k ~ u"/? | 79 TaKkoe npuGiuKeHne onpapaano. 16§ 1.3, Kaasau3orponnoe npa6mnxenne Ipa cnaGoH aHu3oTpomHH B atmsorponuoli cpene Koxpduunentar suddysnn Heo SErcHOBeHHOE BONHBI (om. (1.16)) pasnwuier Bnomb aceit x, u yy (@ raBHoi ontmeckon mocko- CIM H MepieHsHKyNApHOH elf) H MeHAWTCA B 3aBHCMMOCTA OT HarpaBneHnd PaChpOcTpaHeHHA BOMHb! OTHOCKTeNbHO ONTHYeCKHX Oceit KpucTanna. BMecte ¢ TeM B OMTHYECKMX 9KCNepHMeHTaX MCHOAbSYIOT KPHCTAMbl, yron aHH3OTpO- Tua Koro ppix mat, 6 ~ 4'/?, Tipa stom yonowun oxo MpeHeSpeu auns0Tpo- Tne nonepewoH aM py3HH KomIMeKCHOH amiuIMTymBt. Monaran p (1.16) AMGREKTPHYeCKY! Mponuugemocrh € cKanApHoll Bennunoit, TipaxonuM kK TapaGonwueckomy ypaBHeHHio ade _ 0A, 4 ve az, ax? ay? ike , (1.24) ONKcbBAIOLeMy OupakuHio HcOGbIKHOBEHHO! BOTHbI B KBa3HH30TPOTHOM mpuOnwxenun. Cpannenue (1.17) 4 (1.24) noKagppaet, yo Dubpaxnna HeOGbIKHOBEHHOH BONHbr B cha6oaHMs0TpomHol cpere TIpOxOWHT TO Tem Ke 3aKOHaM, YTO HM ANhpakussa OOpucHoBeHHO BomHEI. OnHaKo 43-34 HecoBUape- HMA MYVeRbIX KOOPOHHAT OObIKHOBEHHOM H HeOOLIKHOBeHHO! BONH HaGitopa- eTcH paalHune Mealy HOBeNeHHeM 4X da30Bbix :PpoHTOR. Tiph Mcolssopam KBa3HH30TpomMoro. NpHGnMKeHHA (1.24) anamncoug (1.22) anflpoxcummpyerca mapaGononpom Tuna (1.21). Xota s1H nopepxuo- CTH MMeI0T TOmbKO MepBplii NOpANOK KacaHHA, OTMMUMe HX Mp4 y a tg (a — umpwna myuka) pemeHue (1.26) mo2xHO 3alIMCaTh AYIA M@IbIX YOIOB CleEnyrOulHM o6pa3om: HKG — x — Bz + tk(y — bP 2z } a27 ik Ae Dy Sf aSat ES, &) exp [ _ Yem menbue yron HaKnoHa myyKa, Tem cxopee (1.26) mepexomuT B (1.27). Bonee Toro, aia WMpokax MyyKoB (a > d) pewennem (1.27) Moxcio nomb- 3OBAThCH IpakTHYeCKM MpH H0G6BIX Z (TAK Kak @ tgB au? on? (1.419 2ik \ dx’ ay’ 2. Fe On’ ¢ TpaHHyHbIM YCIOBReEM AG = 0) = E(x, 9,1). . (1.42) Pewenne stoi sagam B OGmem Buite He MpeicTasnaer Tpyya. O7HaKO B 3aBuCH- MOcTH OT MacurraGoB mpocrpancTBeHHo 4 BpemeHHoi Monynsmuit (@ ur coorpercTBenHo) aMdpakuMOHHbe H AMCnepCHOHHble adekTHI MMeloT pas. Holi HOpAOK. Cymectsenible H3MeHeHHa aMIuMTy_6I BOMHEI BoOnD HOpmaimm (occu z) 3a cueT HuchpakUAH MpoMcXosAT Ha paccTomHHH Ry = ka*/2, a 3a cuer acpcpekTa DcnlepcnonHoro pacIuTEBaHia — Ha paceTOAHHH In = (77/2) (8? k/Aw?)* Ecum jyiana cpenur orpanuuena, 0 < z < 1, 0 up yoropun / < Ry mMoxHo He YUTBIBaTL TuppakuHOHHoe pacIbwaHMe MyuKka HM OTBEICTReHHBIe 34 Hero BIOpbIe MPOMSBOAHDIe TO MoNepevHbIM KOOpmHHaram B (1.41); Rpw ycnroBHn 1 <1, Moxao oT6pocuts B (1.41) BTOpylo TIpoHsBosHYy!0 LO compopoxrgarueli xoopmunare 7. Ecan omHospemenno 7 < Ry, 1, TO pactipocrpaHenve BOmHBI ouvebibaeTca ypaBHeHHeM TepBoro Nopanka (NpwGTH>xeHHe reomerpauecKoii onTaKy) . § 1.5. Tpexuacrorunie s3anmonelicraus BOJHOBLIX NY4KOB H HMITYIIBCOB Merog mapaGomnmueckoro YpaBHeHHaA MoxHO O606uIKTb Ha 3afatH O BSAaHMO- ACHCTBHH KBaSHIMIOCKUX, KBa3HMOHOXpomaTHYecKHX BOsH (1.6) B cra6o- HeMMHeHHow cpene (1.5). Mpenmomarag mennernyio 3aBHcHMOcTS aMILIMTy 1 BaaMModelicrayIouMx BONH 8 Bue (1.40) M nogctannad (1.6) B (1 5), MOXHO. 20HONYWMT C YueTOM HeNMHeHHbIX WleHOB MepBOTO MopamKa ManocTH (Ug = 11) cHCTeMy KBasWLMHeHHBIX NapaGonmueckux ypaBHeHuit (j= 1,2, 3) aAy ady i (A; 074; — + jm T+ (ot a )7 az Om = 2k \ ax ay’ i . Do ee AY = FAs, Aa, Aa), 1.43 2 da? on, i Ay = Fi(A1, Aa, As) (1.43) Tae 6; — xoabPHNHeT mMHeHHOTO 3aTyXAHAR, Nq =f — Zien — cOmpoBoxmalo- Wad KOOpAMHATA Mit BOAHBL, Vim = uj! — Upt — paccTpoita oGpaTubix BeTN- 4HH FpyNIMOBbIx cKopocteii, ~ 2miw? otk; w PO) G) — aMmMtynn ypbe-KoMmoueHT BonH HenHHeHHOR Tlonapusa- wan. Konxperusnpyem BHA cbyHKunit F; j WIA BIAMMOEMCTBUA BONH B KBaZ- paTHuHO-HemMHeHON cpene. Tlycr 8 cpeye c ormMuHoi oT HynA KBaggaTHHOi BocKpHAMUMBOCTHO (cymtecrByoT KOMMOHeHTSI Xyx #0) pacnpottpansotca rp BOAHDI, cpemHHe NACTOTEI M CPpeHMe BOMHOBbIE BEKTOPH KOTOPEIX YHOBMETBOPAIT COOTHOLIe- HIM CHHXPOHH3Ma : ty = Wy +02, hy = ky thy + AK, (1.45) Ream PEM Gs) , (1.44) B stom chyyan momapusann cpembl Ha cymmapHoit yacroTe MoxKHO HaiiTH us (1.3) [1,2]: PEN (5) = § adt'dt"esRa(t, t")eyegA (Fr, t ~ t') X X Ag, t—0'- 1") exp (—iwst’ —iw,t” —iAm), (1.46) Tae Xe — TeHsOp ¢ KOMMOHeHTaMM Xj;,. HesMHeiiHas ROCIpHHMUIHBOCTS Xyx OBycnoBieHa, Kak MW AHHeiiHad Xy, BecbMa ObICTpBIMH 21eKTpOHHIMH mpolleccamm, BpeMeHa penaxcalMM KoTOpEIX Nopauxa 107! 5 ¢, OnHaKo RB oT- Tue OT THHeHHOH BOcIIpHHMYMBOCTH apieKTbI, CBAIAHHBIE Cc Aucnepeneit Xijky MMEWT BUAIK OT pesoHacoB TopaoK pw? uv TOaTOMy IlpeneOpexkHMo. Mab! Takum o6pa30M, Mpa McCAe{OBaHHA TpexuacTOTHDIX B3aMMOMeNCTBUI MO/TyMpOBaHHBIX BON HesIHHeHHOCTh Cpedbl MOo%KHO YUHTHBaTh KBaSHCTa- THYecKH, PO (w5) = esos = w, + 2 )e1e2A Age (AKT, (1.47) CTOMOMIbIO CTleKTPANbHbIX KOMMOHCHT YX jz, BINTBIX ILA CpeMHHX YaCTOT: Xijk (Wa =O, +002) = i dt'dt” y(t’, t"yeFs 10,0", (1.48) B o6;actu mpospayHoctH aa KoMMoHeNT TelB0pa Xj, YCTAHOBNeHDI cooT- HOUleHAA CMMMCTPHH HO OTHOLICHHIO K HepecTaHoBKe YACTOT H MpocrpaHcr- BeHHbIx HHeKCoB [1—3], Xiph Wa = Wy +2) = X jx (1 = 3 — W2) = Xey(won = ws — w1), (1.49) 2CBAZbIBAIOMIHe Mexay coGoH Iipambie 4 OOpaTHDIe HeNHHeiiHbe Mpouleccst (cloxkeuHe M BbINMTaHHe YWACTOT), KOTOpbIe MpoTekaloT OAHOBpemeHHO MpH B3aMMopelicTBHA Tpex BONH. CooTHOmenua (1.49) oGecneuMBaloT BbITIOAHe- HH 3aKOHa COXpaHeHHA SHEPIMH TpeX BOUL. AmmnnTyabt BONH NonApH3anMi Wa YacTOTaX W, HW 2 NaXOUATcA aHa- JIOFHMHbIM 06pa3oM. CBs3b MexKy HHMH yCTaHaBIIMBacTcHa c TOMOUybIO (1.49). B utore npaspre yactn (1.44) yKopoveHHnix ypasHenuii (1.43) MOKHO NIpepcTaBHTb B BHDE Fy = ~i7j0U/2A}, (1.50) rue pynkuna U nponopumovanbHa ycpemueHHoli mo BpemcHA cBobonHOit aHeprHun semMeHTa OObeMa HeNMHewHOH cperbi A yy = Iaxawjfen; (S14) a a — KooUIMeHT HeNHHeHHOH CBAIH BONH, X2 = Coney! €2- Bonpitice 3HaveHne Wid aHalHsa TpexBONHOBDIX B3aHMoOnelicTBH HMeoT BaKOHbI COXPAHEHHA ANH WHTeErpasibl DRWKEHMA BOMHOBBIX MaKeTOB H Tye +0 xox. [Ina skepruii Bonu W; = fff dxdydnm | A; {? 8 HemmccumaTuBHOit cpe- fe BIIONHAOTCA COOTHOMeHAA MauaM — Poy [1—2]: W,(2) —Wi(0) _ Wale) — WoO) _ —Ws(z) + W'3(0) ow w2 3 (1.52) : 3 M 3aKOH coxpaHeHwA nono oKepran Bom: D W,(z) = const. Ha kpanto- gel BOM si3bike (1.52) OMpeReNMOT H3MeHEHHe WCila KBaHTOB B Mpoucccax ciHA- HMA HM pacnaya. B ciyyae B3aHMOeHCTBAA HeMOTYIKpOBaHHbIX BOA COOTHOLIC- nua THHa (1.52) cnpaBeninBbi Win wuTencupuocre 7; = | A; P. BaKoupl coxpaHcHHa sHeprun He cojepxaT UNdopmanHw © das0Bo Mo- AYRAIHH B3aNMOpcHCTBYIOWIHX BONN, Mx DMpakuAN H pMCHepcHH. ITH adp- ekTsI YUNTIBAIOTCA B MHTerpate ABH KCHHH to Ak Jy = fff dxdydnm {-2tAydods loos + —|A;f? + 73 ae, aa, 1 | a4 + [iat SOL opm bag? ole + | AL ax om 2ky ax 1 a4; 1 87k | a4; |* ’ | 1 8h | 24 }} 53) 2k; | ay 2 dwF om re = b; — @, — &, + Akz — oGoG6mlennaa chasa TpexBoHOBOTO B3aKMO- nelicreua, b; — pasa omer Ay =| Ay lexp(-i%,). Hiterpar marKenna (1.53) Onpenenser, B YACTHOCTH, YOTORM 34xBaTa NYYKOB H MMMIY/SCOB B TpexwacToT- HBIe CBASAHHbIe COMMTOHE! (ri. 10). OH BMecTe c cooTHOIMeHHAMM MaIuIH — Poy (1.52) Mcnoms3yeTca pH NOcTpocwHM anTOpHIMOB WHCTeHHOTO pellieHHA ypapHennit (1.43). 2Metox yKopoucHHpix ypaBHennii (1.43) umpoko Mcionpsyetca ma omuca- HAA BIAMMOeHCTBHA BONH B c¥3HKe na3mbi [33-35], 8 ragponMHamuKe [36-38], B HemuHeiHoK axyctuke [39-41] u opyrax oGnacrax BomHoROit usuKn, § 1.6. IpocrpancrseHHo-spemennas anamorHa ipa KBa3HONTHYeCKOM ONMCaHMH HENIMHeHHbIX BOMHOBBIX 3>eKTOB MOXHO B pale CIYYACB BUABMIb 3aKOHOMepHOCTH HX MpoTeKaHuA 6e3 mpewBapHTenb- Horo pewienMA MapaGoliMyeckHX ypaBHeHHii, Hcfloms3ya MmaTematMyeckyWw aHaorMw KpacBbrx 3ana4 [42], Heanneithpre BaanmopelicTaua KBAa3HIUIOCKHX MOHOXPOMaTHYCCKHX BOJIH ONMChIBaIOTCA ypaBHeHvamu Tuna (1.43): 04; a4, i (= Shy gS . oz ax 2k; \ ax? \ Fi(A1, Ax, Aa). (154) C apyroit cropoul, ypaBHeHMa, ONHCHIRAIOMIMe HemMHeiHme BaMMojeltcTBHA W CaMOBOSHEHCTBMA MeUJIcHHO MO]IYMHpOBaHHIX Bo BpeMeHH IbocKHX BORH Ha GesbIeplUMOHHOH HesIMHeHHOCTH, HMeI0T BUD aA; a4, i Bk, PA +m bE = Fi(Ay, Ap, As)- 1.55) az an, 2 Bap mz, FAN Ae Aad ‘ YpapHenwe (1.55) matematnyeckH 3KBHBaeHTHO (1.54) B TBYMepHOM cryuae (0° A/ay? = 0). S1omy chaxTy cooTsercrByer ananorHa B NOBELEHHH BOsHOBO- To Waketa H {BYMepHoro BonHoORoro nyuKa. [pH 310M MO%HO CONOCTaRHTS xapakTepHble MapaMerpbl MpocipacrBeHHoli M BpemeHMom 3amay (pc. 1.3). Zamxenue HMIyNECOB No XapakTepHcTHKaM. 1; =m tVjmZ MonoGHO pac MpOcrpaHeHHWO NYWKOB No nyyam x — Bz, TipocrpancrBeHomy MaciuTa6y MefjlenHoli MopyssmHHM 1yYBOH aMIDIMTY ABI NO KOOPHMHaTe X COOTBETCTBYeT BpeMeHHOH maciuTa6 Mo xapak TepuctuKe 7. Hanpumep, pune nyuka @ — WIMTeNbHOcTs UMiynbca T, YINOBOi KOMMOHEH- Te q — cieKTpaibHad KOMIoKeHTa (2, yrnoBOH pacxomumocin a ~ (ka )7! — WM pHa YACTOTHOTO cleKTpa umMynbca Aw * 77}, Yrny waknowa WyyeBoro BekTOpa K HOpManH B; cooTReTcTByeT paccTpoiika TPpyYNMMOBBIX CKOpoctei v,.,. 3Aech coTIOcTaBAIOTCA 3ccbeKT Mpocl paHcTBeHHO- TO pasieeHHa NY'WKOB, paclipOCcTpaNAOMXca B Cpene To pasHLIM HallpapneHn- AM, H 3phCKT pacxoxNelMA BOTHOBEIX MakeTOB, PaCIpOcrpaywWMNXCH c par- IMYHBIMM T'pynORBIMH CKOpOCTAMH. CoroctaBuMbl H MacuITa6pl npoABNeHKa 3THx ahextos: aneptyptuii yanne 7, = a/| 8; | cooTBeTCTByeT AIMHa rpynmogo- TO 32Na3MbBAHHA Lyin =T/t Bjm |. anee, nvenepcuornoe pact pBanne naKeTa NODOGHO TAdpakUMOHHOMY pac- UbpeHHio Nyuka; MpK 210M KOXP huuneHT Mpoponsyok mad bysun maKeta (A/2)87k/8a vmeer cpoit axanor — KoxbuuneHT nonepewmol sabpbysnn nyuca i/2k. Tpoponpnomy macurraby BvepaxUMOHHOTO pacllmpenma nyaKa DuppaxudonHoH gwHe myuKa Ry = ka? 2 - COOTBeICTByeT BO BpeMeHHOli safaye IMA HMCHepCHOMHOTO pacicipmBaHHa NaKeta Ty = (77/2) (07k/dw?)7!. 235 Puc. 1.3. Younoctpayus upoctrpanicrscinio-spemciiod aHanorHH M@KDY HCKOMNMHeapHEIM pacnpoctpaHenuem nyukos pasubix wacror wy (J = 1, 2,3) H BBWKCHMeM BOMMOBEIX Ta KCTOB BAOAb xapakTepucTHK QTY aHanorHi® Mo%xKHO pacnpocTpaHuts WH Ha HemHHeitHEIe Mpoueccni. Tax, pesyibTaTBI pacueTOR HeMHHeHHEIX ABNEHHI1, BEIMOMHCHHDIX WIA NpocrpaHcrBeHn- HO-MOTYIMpOBaHHbIX BOK, NpHMeHHMbI AIA aHal43a B3aHMOJeHCTRAA MMMYIE- cop. K yka3aHHoii akanorHM MbI 6yeM HeODHOKpatHo OGpaiaTsca B anbHeli- INEM, OAHAKO cileylyeT UMeTb B BHYy ce OrpaHuyeHpit XapakTep. He Bce mate- MATHYECKHe aHaOrH BpeMeHHEIX adbexktoB MOryT ObiTh MpakTHYECKH peann- 3OBaHbI B MpocipaHcTBe IipH B3aKMODeHCTRMH NYUKOB, 4 HaOGOpoT. § 1.7. Teopnsa nogo6us TpexBonHOBbix B3aHMOpeHCTBHA Teopua nono6ua Kak MeTOR MCciefOBaHHA Halla IMpoOKOe NpameHeHHe B COBpeMeHHOH Hayke u TexHuke. HanGomsiliee pasBHTHe OHA Momyunna B sanayax mexaHuKu [43], termotexnku [44] m4 atektposHepremuxn [45]. MeTonp: Teo- PHH MopoGHxa NOIBONAOT HaXODMTb ONPETCNCHHBIe KMAaCchI aHATIATHECKEX pe- ICH, IPOBOAKTh aHanHs uM OGpaGoTKy 9KcHepHMeHTaNbHEX WaHHbIX H T.0. Onu oka3bBalOTcA YpesBbMalino NonesHbIMH pH MaGopaTOpHOM H YHCeHHOM. MOFEMMPOBAHHH pAasTHUHDIX Dusnyeck HX IpOUeCCOB H ABNEHHIT. C noOMoUIbIO MeTOnOR TeOpHH MOACGHA pellieHWe HemMHeHHEIX BOMHOBEIX ypapHenni (1.43) npencrasnsetca 8 Tak Ha3bmRaemoll K pHTe puanbHOH cope, Te. Wepe3 KpHTepHH TonoGua, win 7-KoMueKcbI. BespasmepHble 7-KOMIUIEKCHI COCTABIAWTCA M3 PAIMEPHBIX liapaMeTpoB, XapakTepH3ylou[HX cROMicTBA HeNH- HeHHOH cpelbI H HayaIbHble pactipemeneHHA amMimtyn. Ina ux Haxnxenna 24Hallo MpHBeECTH BOMHOROE ypaBHeHHe K GespasmepHOMy BHDY Tak, YOGbI WACO He34BHCHMBIX 7-KOMIUIeKcos GprIO MMHUMarBHBIM. Kputepun nono 6uA cBAga- HBL Me2Ky COGOH yHKUMOHANDHBIM COOTHOLIeHHeM, K KOTOPOMY MO2%HO IIpH- MeHHTb 7-TeQpeMy H ce Ce\CTAHA. Tlokaxkem HCHOMs30BaHMe UpHHUMNOB TeopHn MoDOGuA 1pexBOMHOBbIX BIaMMOLeMCTRM Ha HBYX IpAMepax: HeCTalMOHApHOM B3aKMOTeMCTBUE KOpOT- KHX HMMYNbCOB [pH paccrpoincax rpyllloBerx ckOpocteii H B3aHMOTeHCTBHH auparmpytoumx BomHOBEIx TyyKoB [45, 46]. HecrauwoxapHoe B3anMopelicrsve BonHoBLIX Waxetos. BEnMliem TpH cBA- 34HHBIX YpaBHeEHHA JIE aMMLINTY), B epsom MpHOneKeHuH TeopHH Miche pcHH 24, 8 (156) az ams . CrpaHMuHbIMM YCNOBHAMK — Aj(z = 0) = Ejofj(t/r). (1.57) Hava bHas aMmvintyna Ej cBxA3aHa C SHeprell BOMHBI: Wio = Ejor- (1.58) BrejeM Terepb cienytouHit HaGop Ge3pa3MepHIX BeHIHH: Aye Fe, y=, 7 Lay Ivar | 8;7 5), Ak= Akly31, (1.59) y= Yilra E1oF rob sob jo, = ¥jlr31(Wi0W20 Wag/t)'!? Wig: O6niaa 3anHch HOpMMpOBaHHbIXx aMININTYA HMeet BHA (p = 1, 2, 3) Aj = Eyo Ay = (Win t's, 2, 8p, AK, Pap. tp)- (1.60) uu Haxofpitca Kak pellenme 3ana4H 4, i. "ap FA (1.61) AsE* 0)= 57s). M3 paccmotpenua (1.59), (1.60) crenyer, wo 1Ba TpeXBO/IHOBbIX B3aKMO- netctana (I Il) 6ynyt NonoOHE ApyT Apyry, eGIv Nom0GHsI HawaNBHBIe pac- Upenenetua ammintyy, fy = ), yr» OMMHAKOBbI COOTHOLICHHA MexKTY paccTpod- KaMM TpyMMOBBIX CKOpocTen, 73), ; = ¥3;, 11, COBMaMatoT MapaMeTppl 7), Ak, 6, # waGiogeHue BejeTcA B cooTBeTCIByIouMMx TouKax: (3/7), =(73/T)u, Cf = @/lyaadn- VMuterpapya upowib MHTeHCHBHOCTH lO BpeMeHM, HaxogMM OOulee Hper cTaBieHve la 9HepPrHH HMMYABCOB: W,@)= Wyo _S ds A;@ia.% Bp, Ak, Pap, m)I?. (1.62) C nomoupio (1.60), (1.62) moxHo crpouTs H30rpamMel 3HeprH, THKOBHIX HHTeHCHBHOCTel, MIHTeMbHOCTell HMMyABCOR B paINHUHBIX KOO PUMHATAX, POT KOTOpbIX BBITOUHAWT W-KOMIUTCKCHI WIM HX KOMOnHauHH. aOrmeTuM, 4TO ecIH OFHa H3 BOTH OTCYTCTBYeT Ha PpakHue HemMHeHHOH cpe- bl, Hanpumep f; = 0, To cooTBeTCTByIOMy1 ef HOPMUpoBOUylO ammuty- ay Fyo MoxHO BEIGpaTs NpousBoNBHEIM O6paz0M, HarpuMep £19 = E29 WIH Fyo = E393 B pane cytes WenecoobpasHo Nopobpat £y9 TAK, WoObI HeNA- HelinEli KpHtepait non0Oud Oa 210M BoNHbI Gem pabeH ennunue. Torna 43 yonosna 7, = 1 Haxonum E10 = M182 08 s0l¢31- Taka HOpMHpoRka ocoGeHHo yooétfipy pacuetax BoO36yKICHHA BOMHEI Ay B NpuONWxKeHMM OByXx 3a7aHHpIx voneli A, nA. AdaOTH4HbIM OO paso cilepy- eTMOCTYNAaTb Ip BOSGyxDeHHH BONH A, uA;. Kputepuwaybradt 3andch AMMIATyA BONH W HX 9Hepru MosBoNAeT sek rHB- HO IIpOBOTIMTS, HalIpHMep, OTTHMH3ANHIO TaKHX MapaMeTpoOB, Kak DIM TeIbHOCTH uaynbea Hakauku 7 (ra. 4,5). Bsanmoneicrsve oMparnpyrouHx Bonn. Teopua nono6us B HenMHeiHEX safawax AacppakUMH BONH CTpOHTCA Mo Toi xe cxeme. II pu KONMHHea pHoM B3aH- MogeicrBHy yHKOB (iyueBbie BeKTOpbI Hapalstenbubl OcH Z, B; = 0) napaGomn- yeckHe ypapienua (1.43) pu nepexoje K KpHTepxaM DOOOua MpHHUMa- WoT BHD, 24H (28 2%), Me a ky \ ax? dy? ary AE=0)= HE J). 3pech paccTosHMe 2 HOPMMpOBaHO Ha AMdpaxunonnyio pyMHy Ry3 = k3a”/2, Tone pewible KOO POHHATH! — Ha HayanbHbut payyc NyaKa a Mt TL: F=2/4Rys, X=x/a, y=yla, 5; =45j)Rya, Ak = 4AkRg3, 1) = 4y,RasBi Back sobig = 4Y;Ra3(PioP20Ps0)'/?(aPjo)- MoulHocTs nyaka yacToTHI w; papa (Pig = Elya?) PEI Fo Mf dF AG, 7, & key ls, 8, Mk, mp)I(=1,2,3). (1.65) (1.63) (1.64) Tlocnemaiow opMyny MoxwdIO NpHMcHMIL Oa pacuera onTHMaMbHOii doKycu- POBKM MyuKa HaKauKH, OGecheunBalonicit NOCTH*CHHE MAKCHMAIIBHOH Mepexay- KM SHEprHy B BOSOy2xKTaeMy!O BOY. (makcumanbHoro KII]] mpeoGpasopatensa wacTOThI). Cornacho coorHouenam (1.64) mappakuna pyx my ucos B THHeitHO cpene (7; = 0) nogoGua mpyr apyry, ecm Ha Bxone B cpepAy OHH MMeIOT ONMHAKOBbII 3aKON pactipeneneHHa aMMUIMTYDEI H casni, fy = fy. Torna ecnH Nepspii nyuok ¢ HawbHO! aMMIMTYDO 2; M BONHOBHIM WACOM ky uMeeT HeKoTOpoe AupaK- UMOHHOe OMe B CeYeHHH 21, TO BTOPOH NyYOK c NapameTpaMy ayy H Ayy OyueT WMeTh Takyio Ke KaprMHy OMbpakUMH B ceverM Zyy = 24 (kyahy/ ka?) (pc. 1.4). B nenuneiinoh cpene nogoGue uupaknux B3ammopeitcrs yroulAx nywkop HaGniopaetca, ec ofMHaKOBI Bce Apyrue m-KOMMIeKcHI: Ak, 8), ay uM kj/ks. Oco6sii uuTepec mpeactasnaetT TOT dbaxi, yro B paMKax TeopuH NOnOGuA MOXHO CHeTaTh Nepexon K HenHHeHHOH TeOMCTpHYeCKOl ONTHKe, ycTpeMmAA K HyI10 IMHY BONHEI A, npx stom k > ce. Mpocnemm c nomoutbio (1.59) 26Puc. 1.4, MlogoGue gadpakumn nByx ZI ny4koB pa3Holt anepTypEl: wa paccrommuu zy = (aq1/ay)?21 Bropan BOTHA wWMeeT Ty xe KapTHHy pactipeaenewua noma, ro u nepaan = 97 pH zy 34 H3MepeHHeM KpHrepHeB TOT0- Gut Z un; (movaraem AAA Mpocto- same tht 6;, Ak = 0). Banuo, uro mpu Mepexone K reomeTpHeck on ONTH- xe Z7>0,a mj) +>. Ho nonarath a Z = Henb3a, Tak Kak MpH 3TOM Hponagaet 32BMCHMOCTS aMILIMTYZ, Of KOOPHMHATHZ; %-KOMIDICKCEI, 129 Zz cCOMepxKallHe HEJMHeHHOCTb CpenEt, TakKe Hemb38 YCTpaHHTb Wa 3aga- | aH. Suecb Ha NOMOUb MpMXOMHT qTeopema, COracHo KOTOpOH H3 HBYX T-KOMINICKCOB MOxKHO OOpa- 30BaIb Dpyrosi, coxpansioulvii KOHeYHY!) BeIHUMHY pH k + ©, QuesaaHo, HYKHBIMH KOMOHH@UHAMK ABIIAIOTCA fur = zn! 2 4 oTHomenns nylts = = yj E3o/7sEjo. Takum o6pazom, B mpHOnwxeHta TeoMetpHueckoii ONTHKH HHTeHCHBHOCTS Ha OCM NepBoro Nyyka 3allMcprBaerca B Bue (p= 1,2, 3) 1Asl? = E401 A1 Gar Melts, Kpfhs) I. (1.66) BHMHO, TO XapaKTepHbIM IIPOCTPAHCTBEHHbIM MaCIITAGOM CHIbHOTO HemHHell- HOTO B3AMMOsIeMCTBAA CTAHOBUTCH WIHHa HenHHeiHo pepakuHu kaa” e3E: 1p her = ar =a (2) . (1.67) 1 Tx2E 1 0F20 xapak TepH3ylolas paccTomHve, Ha KOTOPOM KpOHCXODMT B3aMMOtpOKy cHpOR- Ka TYYKOB B MpeoGpazowatene wactotpr (m1. 9). § 1.8. Yaer qucnepcrH BEICIIHX TOpaaKOB B § 1.4 paccmorpeno BTopoe MpaGimxeHHe, CormacHo KOTOpoOMy /IMcIIepcH- onHoe ypaBHeHne k(w) alitpokcHMmpyeTca KBalpaTH yo WapaGonon (1.39). B sTom npwGnwxexun opepcHHe BOMHOBOFO MakeTa ONMChIBaCTCH TapaGonu- 4uecKHM ypaBHeHHem (1.36) Mn MeqeHno MeHmoWelicn AMIUIMTY DBI. TTpu yue- Te TpexBONHOBHIX BIaHMOTPHCTAMK B NapabonH4ecKUX YpAaBHeHHAX MOABIIALTCA HeNHHeHHBIE WieHbl, MpOOPUNOHaNbHble AMMIMTYAaM BOMH MO ApM3aMH Cpe TAT Ha COOTBeTCTBYIOWNHX YactoTax (1.43). B sToH KHuTe MbI OrpaltH4HMcA HMCHHO Takum TipHGnwxeHHem. BMecte ¢ TeM HeOOXOAHMO CKa3aTb HECKONBKO COB MO MOCHeYIOWHX YTOWHEHMAX TeOpHH HECTAHOHAPHDIX TPeXBONHOBBIX B3a- yMofeicTBHi. JlanbHeime npHOnwxeHHa cRAgaHEI ¢ YueTOM WHHeHHOH BHC Hepcun KOXpPMNMCHTOB KeNMHeHHOH CBASH BOTH. PaccMOTpHM HX OCHOBHBIC WePTbI OT/ENbHO. BaavMonelicrsve RONH B TpeTbeM npuOmmKeHHM TeopHH ZucHepcHH. IIo Me- pe COKpaulenHA AMTEbHOCTH UMIlyrbCca {pacuimpeHus ero yacTOTHOrO CIieKT- 27pa) mapaGonmueckoe onvcaHne peansHoi DMctlepevonnot KpuBoit k(w) c o- MOLI) almpokcumanun (1.39) craHoBHTca HefocTaToWHDIM Ho Rano YUMTEE ‘BaTh CHEAYIOUM Wiel paIiO%KeHAA BONHOBOTO YWoa No yacToTe: ak 1k 1 ak, q=— Q+— ee — " duo 2 dw 6 dw? 970 HeoGxonuMo, B YaCTHOCTH, neNaTb, Korga avMcnepena Broporo NopayKa oOpauactca B ByMb, d°k/dw* =O (Hecymam YacToTa BONHOBOTO taKeTa NO- TafaeT B TOUKY NepermOa DMclepcHoHHOH KpHBoi). Taka cHTyaunA MooxKeT Ha@nioMaTbCA B ONTHYECKAX KpMcTamax B OGNacTH Mey pe3oHaHcaMM B ONTHYCCKMX BONOKHAX, KOTHa ectecTBeHHam . MCNepCHa Mmatepuana — creksd KOMIeHCHpyeTCH Aucnepcnelt BONHORODHBIX MO. PasnoxeHai (1.68) MO%KHO TOCTABUTh B cooTBeTCTBUe TMdbdbepeHUnaN HBL onepatop, > > —10/dt, B pesynbrate 4ero YKOpoueHHbeE YpaBHEHHA IIA Meé]yIeHHo Me- HALOLUMXCA AMIDIMTYD, MpHHUMaLOT BH (cp. c (1.55)) aA; (1.68) = Fi(Ay, Az, As). (1.69) B tpetsem npwGnwxermm Teopun pucuepcnu rayccos Wpodbuns ornGawurelt BOMHOBOTO MWaKeta Nepectact GbITb aBTOMOAEbHLIM axe B MHHeHHOH cpe- ne. Tlostomy avann3 pacitpocrparenna B3aHMOZeHCTBYIOUIMX MaKeTOB craHo- BHTCA Upe3BbMAHHO GIOX%KHEIM Mu TpeOyer WMpOKOTO IIpHBMeveHHA UcneHHHX metonos. [loka nomeGHoro pofa pacueTbI MpomenaHsl AIA 3aMay caMoBo3- AeicIBHA KOPOTKHX ONTHYCCKHX HMINYAbCOB B RONOKONHEIX cBeTOBOMaX 147, 48]. Uacnepcaa Koodpumenta wenuneliol cpasH som. Tp cHTsHOA mic. NepcHH HeMHHeiiHOl BOCTIpPHAMYHBOCTH Xz (Ww), YO HMeer MeCTO BOIH3H pe- 3OH@HCHBIX YACTOT ATOMOB HM MOJICKYN, Wik aMNAMTYR BON HeNHHeHHOH MONspAsaAH, KEK TpaBANO, Tak2xe yfactcn chOpMyNApoRaTs YKOpoueHHBIE YPABHEHHA B TBYX- WIM MHOTOypoBHeBOM SIpHONWKeHBH C yHeTOM LONApHTOH- HBIX WIH SKCHTOHHBIX MOD, OAHAKO H B/ANIH OT pezoHaHcob UMcilepcua HemMHel- HOCTH MOXET OKAIATHCH CYLeCTBEHHOH. Peys upeT O cifeuylolem HecTauMoHap- HOM a@cpexte. . B wexogHoe Bonuonoe ypapHenne (1.1) BXODMT BTOpad NpousBomHaA Mona. PuSaUMH cpeub HO BpeMecHH. BowHa TOMApw3anMM, KaK HM oeKTpoMarHaTHaa BOMHA, HMeeT ObiCIpO HSMeHALOMYIOcA WaCTS H MezeHHYyTO aMILIHTYyMy: gen) = PO oxpli(coyt — ke). (1.70) TIpa nposenesun mpouenyps yKopaunbanva somHOBoro YpaBHeHHa B cma6o- HeIMHeHHOH cpefe O6BMHO YyUHTbBacTcA TONbKO TMaBHad waCTh wWieHa a7 PE i972, a UMCHHO ~ of Pw” (octanbHeie wens oT6pacerBaiotcs) . B pe- ayieTaTe B YKOpOveHHBe ypaBHenna (1.55) BxonAT HenmHedHDe WeHEr (1.50) © Koshpunventama y, (1.51), mponopuyonansupimn yactoTam @,. Mbt BHM, uo KoxpuuncHTEI HeNHHeHHOK cBa3H OGIanAwT AUCTepcHelt. Paccmopum Tenepb B pamax (1.55) acbtbek TE, cBa3aHHbIe ¢ H3MCHEHHeM MACTOT BOMHOBEIX NaKeTOB Ha HeKOTOpHIe BeNMMMHE! Qj: Aj, = Ajexp(?Qjt). Tlepexo Ha HoBsIe yacroTs B aucHeprupyiouelt cpene o3HaueT HaMeHeHHe 28