— Peck “8 \ Explan the consbuctin details of BC Machine 7 | Construction of De Machine i- [A De Machine Essentially consists of the followmg | Components 0 nangretic frame @ Joke @ pole cove (en pole shoe @ Fela ceils @® — Armeline Core QD Avmabine wordy © — conumaul ator @ — Bashes fq Cross seckwrel view of x De MachneYoke i “The Yoke | Yoke 1S the cuter frame af the vpachinrhe The fictions of the Yoke ove 7 Lor Tt prende pncchanical seppore te the poles b> Hace as & poole etm cover —tor the Lohole Machme I> qh camiers he nangne lie / (lat produced by poles Ly for ermall machines) Yoke js wade Of cust fron but for loage pane mes pace ol cast steel Con rolled cheel poled cores 3 PP choes t— Ly-the fie ld nagrele concists of pole “ore® a poke ehees J+ ack pole te Tnicled mite pole core @ pele shoe? Ly the pole core cawies afield winelrg pohich is neceseny | ty prance —the wan gnetie lux —sthe polé cho e£ epead out the -flus mathe Ameer F berg of lager crocs —SeEHPO reduc —the reluctance of the etic pally C rp (aetuctanes 1) mn a —t pole shoes prowces mechadcal — Syppert to frelf vintong, | field coils OF ariel vireting | | field oo mela we Lathe eile of copper wre wound vound the poles are | collect field evils © pole coils a When canent % passed Irough these coile, they become clecrawagnehi Are poles vohtth. paece re neceasey| (luk 5 cee it pavduces re-fwr s6 also called the exci woman athe. field cols ave £0 tonnecléd phat They hb” alternate NO 4 > poles teLf\yratire Cove ig eghnd nical Con chum chape 4 igh pemarrlity — sillen steel. ga coneicts Of slets The Aimatie COP we hall vp of @ ible pacunted enthe chal te heute Ahe concluctore “Tre Praline ents porwr hey Janmated “te to eddy current losses core is yeduce 2 cerver the fellenmg —pvepate? ~The amilae cor conduc ters (or) coilem the 1 ak house? the. purraline clot des the path of ves loo reluctance to the fied att pao’ armalne frm N-pole Io flux pase Ayrougyy the c-pole- malaw ethe relate the conductors ey the purpos© of the ov tie ld om the unrform manginete Arratine vomeling £ A amaline vol of the owmeline covtuctore placed paoidled onthe caymatwre Core: ormatie % etated vincase of generator wg 46 nothing padthe wile Connect bv mthe slots Ly wheo recagyelit WA acts cud By the armalave conductors q emf are mrduced mm IE chm of the pwrvolne wmdny 4 -the mmr ction yin case of generator encvetva of FT e a4 ap oF the wet (on oamalae cunest supplied Agthe lead mease of metryT The swmalmgs oe Encicalty Yoo taper O 4p womdng 4 (PD wave ronclort Lap Nhe Lap von the fot romdng “th lof vach coil connected to the cle of J-the nent wil ond of ~Aret ceil Ke connected To stag o a fmiche | onent coil pohich 4 unclew the Lane pele mma wove homdma, an Wwe erg finch of acl , 8 connected to ict of another cot | well away fore the _firek coil Aire coil fed Trough coramu lat | y6 coonel wrvler adgacent of ce) _-finich ent of +o staring of NK which 1& evil Commulator t Ly athe funchon of commutator “fo fncilatate the collection cxf cumrent frm the onmelne eordluctoe LoTthe basic nalue of smf mduced onthe a , amatn | Conductors Th AC [Alternat Current) ~t eee Loni the Aew meluced m the armalure, mle Unicloecth nal current tn the fd ealNoa erect Cit reetiftes the fc to cle) Tis a calrdrical elnvbine 5 4 bailk up of cements pande of had chown Copper “these cetments ane menlaled finn Fach other of the layer ve connected Le the evr mabure af mica ach cearment cVinp @y py means of ACepper Concluetor by are tab on ane a vest Brushes the cormmutator —theiy -funcbon is to and make yh available of asofE mate wal Rruches 5 Benvnye i on the curface of current from creuil “They are made me nly pecauce of collect coramutator ato the extemal Vike carbon Gall beams ere used Com | thew relfabilly Explam the maotowng -funchyn of APC mroloy with the help of speed Torque chara clerstics The performance of ade mobor Can be easily judged | Foon ite Chowacle robes Curves. | chavacleatics vihe —followmg ave the mpor lant | known as moby of acte motor fuenature current cheaaclerstio (Tv Ta) } kave Current Charocleecba (On ve Ta) chowaclerstics (nN vs) cheracleche D) Torque - » speed > speed forane charactersbics walle) x Speed ve Tory e& _ a AS we know T&T | net tehen led mevensey when load mereases the Meveases TThuc a toreque eperd Aecre ose cone Hct) ancl proeiple operation of a 2 phase Expl am the irtuctin maotoy with diagram fomaple s Frau tiem mavkor Works onthe poreiple of elect Ayre phase -sepelg lt gals the sla lov alic field paagnelz melee Or y where metic ere is produced this votaling volor field of conclant OT afield pris AM effect & rotaboy poles arund @ Condwic boy of Three phase Trduchon Melo i- ase ocuckion paslovhos foo mA pole GS 4 tore tre stator by laley and acwall A 3 ph @ rotor - fhe vlav © coperete air ep hich carges form foam > deyenclorg onthe power of the rotor 4. Stale ) 3t copsiclé of asteel —franne which enclose# & jsllow eqpmravies! core nance. vp ot sho Jaramadons of silicon eet te reduce hayctesisic and eddy cunent \weces - acec| slots O** proowitect onthe A number of evenly sp poner perPhey of the lammebons- 9 he mulated connected fo foe © pralanced a-phase chee aeadre connected the creat ty Wit volabyy eed prduces Currenls the panned qrcecbon 2 voter by elects2: Roto - The velar, moutled on ashaft sis a bellow bammaled core ba fale on its cule gerphery «the womderd placed inthese slots many he one af the -followmy liso bypes hi) Syuivrel cage type (") Wound Wipe |) Sqearwel cage te cme farny poreel sels placecl m called enc angs perrmane tly chert — cacuiléd wondog entre — Conchuctin Chars and end fort St conasts of a deuimated tylmd vical on its ouler periphery Che copper 6 aluminum bar is eachalot AN these ban ateach end by metal rings luck “Thi forms 16 melestructible- The a Squirrel ceeae and hence the name rgd) resembles he by ie net tonnected electrically ts the supply bub hes cunent meluceel mtb by ctrantfosmer action fom the claler Gi talount olor + FHeoncists of ateninaled eg Lonel nical core womeling pntlat tothe one en the aud Camiens a 3- phase cli lee Tthe velar soirelog i unitornly ditivibited im the slets cliy Connected 9 Tthe open encls of the re bor pnclis waaally wma we beught sly mms reli on each shp ring the thee brushes ase connected to a Sphaie slir connected) theoslk ac cham nrg. Ab-starbny the eclemel resictanees m the votsy TThese yvestctances ave grtely | | 4. three meulaled out — arel jomedt onthe reter shaft with one brush mounted ave Méluded vedued t 209 as the molet rans up todpecd Se |a Fk Lim Lf \ { me be Rheostak Rate wmelong the exlzinal resistances ave uced abusing sharky penod only. when the rmolor otlams nownal epee athe three brushes awe shat Grcuiled so that cthe wpund reloy cans like a squire] | cage volor intseing_ Pana uspeed of vetectnngy acti field & > | Ae speed at which The votabrey mragnelic tela revolves ¥ called The Synchwnout peed. | caeles of cuvents £ grevolubmns of Ale U eh thie phase Anclucton Meter Gn cycles of coment per second = PB x revolubyns of tte ld per second emcee revoluchons per scend K equal to the yevolutyns per panute (Ne) dwicded by be and the number of cycles per setnd ve the frequency f 5 AHL ae = Nef (nu |New Bef r =the speed of the “le netic -fie ic field 6 the Kame ax -\he speed the wena Te i Aupplymg power be athe waclor if the too hove the came mumbdy of poles. Hewe the ranqre bre “fluc is Saicl te vote xt ypc branes Spee am Burley pole ,aphae Induction metor has a rotey Current | of frequency G) slip GD Sperel of the molar 5 Expl the puotory -funchen of @ DC wotoy » with le help of apech- toRue chauctenbu) - Some and Quabin. 6. Obtiin the tonclibim “for maximum romney arque of induction | 4 | toque) | |fo _ ' 1 | dncaseof pele duductin waotors, the supply Frequencg wes Tony andihe sheott speed was V3aS rpm -find (&) cypehonout speed (ny Shp Speed perunit clip (1H) percentage she gquee tt) PFI] [paws Sa ret] ) ea asipm | one = synchvenow speed = volt) = 120x8® Zy1s00 P € J ng = Isve rpm | f) slip speed pereont stip =nacnsh , sooo abe ne ——Tsv9" 150 =a | iv) Ps ol. Le mduchon moley is fed bythree phase He cuppby band tunnt cath a full load shp of 3) find the full loael speed of meluches meter andalse the requency of wlor Emf 7 | Gwen thaby [4esone | clip ot full oad Cazah =0°°3 nex OO) = IROKSY _to90 {ns = Ibvorpm 3) Se tbr oy r= (rH) 9) ne We= (IH 0-03 )(10 vv) (fi) Mw (oe (5) r q | A six po fy = ver ho Sr Ge) = 30 ho | TT Hae {Seas |magneliZ field ond hence expla 6] Pxplam the concept rokentrngy Melucty motor? the eperabo of the Free phase Roading Magnelic Fiele . Kolading M a” Tiel 4 totatra raog neti field yp -fielad pavtuced by with polyphase currents acoile Syrme trical i athe vesultond magnelic end supplied Cheld can ke produced by apdly phase le phase placed L, * rolatny magne (Cov 6 prove phate D paoricled shat , are supplied ard are 5° fields gerne cuwenl (on by as athe Latter cace, Two Field designed thatthe A there by ane oul cune st romelngs -fao venulng masse of phase: Mehr open of ahwe phase mreauchen Ope go . My ap 1 Ei \ S YBa bo oo KR Rotabn4 Magnetic | lator way of prduthon tothe af |» The three phate arducbon mupply chown 44 © Dae 16 Ac velknye applied | cuwenk Atarls blower g ye the atatov Concluctov tg the Shree prose atater cunent olahy negra => pe “pield con ston omplitde & volabra at constant apes wa aek MP in the oF Bap bho Sfaterand vols Lc——t Lathe tor : Volatrg marca netic field rolales 4) 9 spel of sa nchwonous speed (NS) Ne= a4 _ -fe stator cupply =f hrequency treo" of yele EC reebov —y the rotate vor along 34 Atl] sin bonny So votatey magne be efiela cule the clatrnory petsr conduclor amd ert onthe. yor vsmncly =the welev arduced veltage Qre ceets wher cueat Lathe eine chon of whe carent euch ted will opp’ vey comet thet prcluce jhe current rolov curent vill flow euch a cvecher Jha veto Ly the pall expesen’® adree Tet aceelerabon 1f awechor aa tnat of nthe relat raagne be lay y© “lhe roter shoul rotor up Me pe load ideally spenkg A Barre eperd oA ned of “he Sol abn) my a f Aie\A tis pretreat st volales ak elrabtls Aue 4p -furctor and aire with neat chetzhes , Explam the enshrachon arc\ f tuent ofthe an ped ofa De mMachme one ok ok Qucchm © nehe Jew Spee then WsTrcuseof Fprle Anductim motors, the supply Frequency wos Sony f andthe shatt speed was 138 rpm fre | (iy Ship Speed perunit slip («0 percentageslip p=serre | [nse shaft speek | Trsh= 3 asm synchynow Speed = voG = ‘ox -1s00 (5) Sqchronour speeet i) ne = ie ng= ispo pe tp | i) ship speed perumk stp =Nerath 2 soo —-23s ate pA aa . — Wwe 100 \ngee8) iv) fs ork Asixpole maduchoo mole is fed bythree phase Oe cupply Fond unwi wath a full toad slp of 3) And the fll loc cl speed of me ucbon motor ancdalse the frequency of-wlor Emf 7 | Gwen thals pes feone | sins at fall ead > yk =0-03 a) S= ERE ss = (rs &s) We= (12:23 Lio) ay ave Go (HD r noe 8) = 0X0 _ topo fy = nor ho de Ge 1) =a Lt ras no 1° 2 yo |\). The stator ofas Phase , a pole inauchon ‘molar ; wooneciag _ ty wSON2 supply “the wher rune at Lest rev/mm oct full Fload Deteimme (1) the synchronous speed and GQ thechp Tor coop yg = Fe er icuy ? we > ee Vor on? Ta Ker KSEd CE Fo «fe at 4wor Teco" —ya Key ot SE Pa wr dCsey Te key he - 3 eer . ey 4G” ve 3 x FY bt zone 8 4 Gas”EO oe 19)| faplain the consfnchonal fecacs 7 alemalor 2 Bes Dikematos: “Pn Anernaloy iS defined aS 2 machine of genetedor which Produces Ac (Ateanaling current ) Supply inte chelitcal energy. colis called an Ac and it converts mechanical ery Generar or Synchronous generator: construction of 4 Altemator:- the main Comporedis. F an aHernator or Synchronous gencralor ave rotor and Stator the main difference betwen wot% and Slalos is, the rotor 5 a wolating part and stator is wl a awlating Comporent means id iSsa Stationaty part: The motors are geretally run by lor and stator The Stator usord based bn “Ke SaLlionapy Ond “the tdtov wore based on the wha hag. the Construction of “the Statoy OHernator iS equal to Ke Constauctisn Fen ches qe Stator 4a induction’ motor: So induction motor (anshuclion anol Synch nou s 7 moby Corstuchen axe bth dre Same. thus he stator i's 4h, < Stationaty part g the who ad the roder ig “the Componey t Ahat rotates inside See Stator: the wofor Is lacated an -the Steby Shoff and the ar vl " Seies o the electro magnels @rtang eA ylindey Causing -the voy to refate and create « magnetic fled.csieding Ss abor Windieg huatléng psiaciple:- pe Al the. Axernators work on the principle ¢ elect magnelte induction. Bordling to “his late, for proclucing “he elecAicity we i need & Conducts y magnetic field And mechanical bey Crery machine that afates and Teproduces Attererling Qurrert * | | | Bapkin the speed COntol rrethads 4% moby field Conho! method i) Armature Yeistance coatal metho el ie) Voltage Cate! method:ns Speeal Coote! of pe motors: Fra ve moby beside mobsing action, there also enists gerttohag Vion du i ; achion due do which Small amount g emf is geretiled Ve, cccarbing to foraday's Iau: qf clectomagnelic Induction an emf is Known QS back @nf 290 xp na te. ee My , ? = nog Coaducles , pe mg poles, A= n0-4 potolie! polhs nle Speed, Cy. Back emf , g- field flaw the factos affecting the Speed the de motw art, ~ the fivw' (0) —) the applied Vola ge (ava) 3 By Voljng the asmatuse wesistouce Geld (6) Fjun Contro| method. = = # Speed coolnl gc shuot motor: - Ne V-TaPe Speed 18 inversly proportional 4 the fh he Then is dependent rn te carver thenugh the field wloding Count — fell usnding) _ ahus fw cen be conolee Py addng a obeoSted Cvotiable pesisdance) Ya Seties with athe shut fidd evindlng—_—_——- ¢ 4 a Phe VSupph P aad ] rely © an & sh ef wv Tgh- VY PARsh, 2 Dt beduring dhe gheostat. '@ 0S Kept at minioin , ~ Supphy vollage is at Ue rake value so Custer thirygh the shunt field ewinding iS also railed Vole, _ Hence the Speco iS also wated Speed. ther the weiiStance |p! iS weseased, CPT) = Ly due fo which cy 4, Colecveases ) 3 Tard = flux po duced decreases. a Naty the speed q the moty Yncreases beyond Ht aeited Speed. _S Th QA Saltiralion the Speed «g moter is, low bey below valed Speed 9 The S by This method the Speed Corte! abwwe rated speed 18 pssile Ned gTr gta | pa nh vs ‘ | ned — Net sores J cq Th raked CReclonguter hyperbola chag acter ) Pa TN yo Tw) tae Constant Pe Constant |) te machine behaves aS ConStont power vasiable Toreyue drive | ie Be | q Moe Sy abe > br 8} Mes, Se x Aoi a | oe Seeieg motors’. - the Plum pooduce a by dhe winding depends 00 the mmf ic, | | magaeto motive Force which iS the paoduct y Cumrert # the | raber of tums qf the winding through which Cunrert i s | fASSieg . | So {Muy con be changeol tlhey by changing the Current by | 1 adding 0 resistance Ov by changing the no-g turae 44 e vsaghog~) THQ Series molt, Vapiatinns y flux Car be baught | | cus! Yo Oy me | Pliswing metho! | wo Weld clivertons | WS Damalure diverton Wis Tapped Vel conto! Ww) Seta. alleling field Coils. e Frad_divestors \- sry this mebhod fhe Sevies field wading 1S Shunted by & | Vosiqb!¢ vesistonte Frown a3 Geld divertor ~ Ping, Aesived amount of Curitnt Con be possed Thoough the dlivertod by adjusting ie wesishance Hence Current though the Red uowding Con be adjusted of por vequis ement | ove to this, the fun get's Controlled & heate “Ite Speed | dhe motor gets Cortoiled | _ uf the flys con be deteased & Cnteg erty he Speed a the motor joteased. nla 1 4 4 ie Ra q arent y }ivGW) Pima ture divertod methool.- » This metind i¢ used for the motor which Tequire CorStant lord toxpe ie, Fo gel Feeds lower Ikan dhe normal Speed - An Amature J the motor i¢ Shuoted with an extung/ Vagia ble Resistance it, Pimature, divertor ~ ny qnount of atmature Curtert (Fa) Con be diverkd through | dre divertor sy Ta weduced due fo frmatae dlivertor , ten $ (Puy) must rqFeadges Te b Iq wy anttant lorque dbive Te coophoat | tla oT |, this Belts in 9 intteage ia current Jake farm the Supply | cshich Jocseates the flu Y fall yo Speed nadeNI? Topped field melhod'- sty Ais mmetiod , few Change 16 achleved by changing “the nog dome gq he fed usindiog - The Cield winding is povvided with the Aapping s 4 wh 7 et Aig La wrsag phy Px -) Ano-g Series field tums Coy be shod. Creuited accordty the Fequirerent Reid turns age Yo Civasit (he Switch Js af position Lp! ] the motor mung ad lovat “Speed A Speed ineteases with Cabling ot some oy “te Sesies Gerd auras. ~ this method if employed 10 electii ¢ rection wk all iy sees pagalleliag field Coils:- ty Hh method , the Field coils 1s divideel ‘ato Vaplous parts , Thete pasts (x) group ¥ fled coile Can be Comected \n Sceres tev Pasallel OS per veqyuivement-6 Lath method 18 used Ghen Speeds belon We nelood ip ood Spee ts Tequived. Peed # vc shuat motes’, - — + N | —_ 4 nnd | : ve teed sayely voth “se rated 7&3 | en Lethe field wloding is excited by ~fhe nbrmal Volloge hence Zh ‘craked GY CoaStant to Wit method. 3 Teistialy he sheostet position te malmum ay sated Voltage d aceoss the Amature + So speed algo rated oes applic is fved. 5 far 0 given toad, aandture Current op when Oubva refis lance is added ia the fmatie Greuit 5 i 6 ta tenanS Come & there iC added (af). 1. acrss.. “the armature decreas » Voltage app aciss othe opis }00CE jy Mente vol tag Speed below Normal decreasing the valu 9 By Vaoyiag unis tut 7esiSlance, Valiou Speedg Sdow refed caq be obtained vo lve | Amature current chatactuishice the qreader the i) the Speed | pesglorce in premature - greater is che fall io Speed.Whe Metd Cl is Oreanged in Sealy _) forthe Same torque ; | (sd pagoltel - mmf produced by he COS chOnges , hente the Flux pooduced algo changec | Hence Speeel Con be Contwolled = some nee Speeds daly Con 4 cotaince by this method |= Fa pasalle! grouping, the. amp produced decreases, herce higher Speed Can be obloined by parallel our. = This melbod 16 genedally uted wD # in cate fa motors. | | | | |preasterke Gor Gostol (09 Aimar Voltage Corto! mmetnad:- Sa ahis method Consisle of obsaining educed pitds by the Vasertion lq onteinal Series wetislante in “he Armature ert civaid | _y the speed it diveclly paopottional “to the VoHage applied aceocr Ae Fremotute AS he Supply VoHage if'nommally Corttant , vthe Voltage acs0Ss She Aorialire Cao be Contalled by adding a Vagighle Teislance io Seaes with the agmalure£ > there if a paylialay toad Curent for which “the Speed woulel | 1 we zeros ThIS 18 he Matimuns cured wy iS Your ag | eialling cama!" ae pe SPICY motor: - = — | Armature Resiglance. Cogtol 1S the most Common method enplyedl for pe Soper motor hs aSerted 9 Senec Ja This method a vaviakle Tegistance oi dn the mot Cet Agcthe resistance if inSeeted 1 the Voltage drop acess hic | esistave (Fa) occurs Lethig reduces the voHage across the Aymature. - Ac Speed is diedly papoational to the valfoge acess the Prnnature the Speco reduces. | + peed 1. y — 4a vitkod PR orl A cath ‘nn le +By Totreasiog the resistance in Soties Wr the ttmad, lave, ° teiminale Con applied acwsc the fmadure die voltage words te reduced Vallone acs: the armature pe decreased the Speed TS reduced, | Vole Gobo! methods’. hilege Otel =the Speed is Contv\led by tegulatiag the motor Fin‘nal Nad Curent Ti is called wher Voltage while malo teiniee OaStood \ voltage (oqteo | cthe change i Speed ie almost poopottional $o the chonge Yo Voltage. Hae (¥-TaRe) | e yet ly with speed 4 the Foque | - The output power vain di Aemairas — Congtant etre Vollage bas tose agulated without affediag the + Sint conto 7g hmited fo Gud the application 4 Voltage Scpasodely tuted motor only.