You are on page 1of 29
FUN ge ue AVANT AY ull all eRoligt ly Apes ltl Waly yall Olaf Up pill Gazal! Silay go Steg Sybeall GAM SU Gjedaale * kept geet OAM sz cpa taale” ASL ws 9 atte LAT soma pst el hata he ea Ss ell yall ley pale lel US eal gluteal yas ARO Ul gall DAL op al aR oF gis ge Leas ph Uf aL Jat gts pag Laden Lelyae tl ole ig all Sel lag) All Lgl gill GENT gle iH lash) Abbey dole gle lel 2 ae (Us iS lay lige) aS ell Ue) REN pe ag ag oly teal I ESA (RSA Joist 2 gly Apa 5 eine a (ky aH aH yp ell El gly ae gaB gl ola ny ell Slagle oil Asal Shag) ea eat pal oa cae ally lll abs 2 Yel cles lebih ala olates! ge SMF BY gt ball pal Ge sd lead all log ol gay yey Ale al J Gh OF ony Me LSU) ELM oa QU 1 be Dag esters a take ballad igh piling pal Lzay dll call Silay Ge Ua lel nal seligg sll GLAST pd opal fay cpeinta Lapel (Ulelly Teall pall) Raa yall gs yell yall Gal este Up Raya Tat edbaal alg Boice Rl ge GAM SI she Leal aul UE yal pad yt sale Bad * AMI cayfelonall Realy ALN gully Lacy YES guilt pad gd salaae ate * 4 BSUS eI Gl pub Laud SyySVy gadill yall pak Unyay yi ty ah Ulealls ols gh Toe Uline GPM Qleall pS LI pall Ha gay gist! ¢ Lally Rasdlly Upp cabageall gle ull LAS! aly pane @ Ladd ob ists Lae cUgglttoad Gans all Utell asill Gbley SH gle AL aS Uleall ys Su Gf gabe sal ¥ oldball ga cil yaligll oles! Juaiy Cll ye Ww) debally wolgeally Teadts Lele GIST elyen g Loeall ESaLy Tagl yo Uleull pludiaal paths Yy eth pled tish h GLE: asta cgay Jp Lae tel un gi (east oa) (Nagy, 1990) fas galls pall A 3 thay GLa SILT Wl geet pad! sala gf YE ogtleall Lt plaid pak Oo pill ley US comel fis stead sis stall a iy TSU ULI! Goal Ui gb oy Sell ge Tell aged ally pene gi ull ogy Tylaill LAI So Glos GEG (gl Sa pl pike LaaS Blea! Sly 13 Gayle] pak Lyd lel LUA GIS UpuS Sar yall Gl cag sb a gli) ULI yall Lat tall sae eh gee J (AT NAAN i) Slat le pupal! Lab stall le pre Lise Bley WHC Sand gill paul SI Gh TAR Uaa9Ull IS G+ gies Sly ELaaIG By! Ble papi Gy vggalee BG ga Gull pLT cobs GotalL oa Lsakill Jaill 54) jad sky (Ellul, 1965) bafyally pith, erty Ua Goal! say Layyally Tail angie AAT Gf he Yleall Gi cards gill Mead) WSL (BLlssael GU fay ASO WLI Gall Ltt Lay Li! Beall pada Add ollS gay bel Lasts GUE! Go JST ¢ Lal! Haile Uae eles canna ale Capabldll Ky Lag ory capers 15l dualea Glsal Guha ’ * syaS Glaage Sola ial Ia yy Lalsine Thiel! os, gh Gal Al gi BllSiualy Heal Gales alSal slovak ¢ yall fl Uadsy Yh \ ell yall olay Oe Un Ue! IS Last tle gph Liga ale Uleall Gu coe Via Libs Ly oth lanl Gains BVAAN Jun) Tleall Garb Ladily Cole aed pt all Giiall cossdieul be “mM Heh gpl ple yuS fH aguitly Litly Lepaull pole! tleay yeh Ol sky Wal Bade po Yleall Spas gh Lleall gf Wye I Gold Lj LAG! ey SA LAT pay o pulashally og Sul clowall ga GIG Btn cele Sb JUiEF pase lH GLa] oe AV gLuall ELS de gF gl Oe IS lee cpbsphaall olsinay clus gle Jill Lays pal Gleall of okiel le Lai! Gall ly Gl LS Ylel obs, ai poede spsnd DUA Ge Real pally Heal ogg Wola ay leila Go Unees Bagecny yh adil yall uj L plied Gaye taal pad Lael pall clean Real Messi poe seb Leal! pludtual "Usb taal yall Linebarger yaylial Gye ik Alb Lae Genk gh Galati yl LSuwe Typ ofd GA! Ge oklal ge Tall Gall coy dogs Gaya Iba GI Kosky (Linebarger, 1954: 25) Gleall Gayuh ody adil pall Leal Lyyae leah Se dagy Tey thy 4 SUSI fia gY Ryleally Zeal! yall 396 de Jutland ay (altel) hd Agadtll yall pats aged gi Glyal ES AST Ge Blea ole Lealdy ple Sty Gleall ¢pedse ood aS Le GF LIL sete RAL gh Gaal! asl! Gunny aly SSty ald GUS «(Rll ut) ll lag I pts Sty Labi ol ESI si caliph GU wild gle Bley ane led ule clad gh Recall dale! aad Il Alea! all ub) Gail syaaall ¥ JOM ASLAS leat Ly doen SSE gyal hall gh Gall gall Gs BOIL (VAAN) gas ol (O8WV) gp Le ale SoU gL SI gb Rell bya ll ably Site Gk gl Tesi blogg yl pl Gl Wf Yul Gleall gi je yi Gl Go pelt ey Sigs) Qleall gi Tent Silat Se” Case go (Sips) SU iS ane Sate AS uid pl EY] lel dill ASSSAH satS (1 Sal) pS « "(Ao VAAN eB) Kad Gallia Gl Gob ply Laaliy Vlad cyl plead baa ge Jalal led cleans Ta) Ug) LBL fo Glew Ladi LLagll Ge uiall GS ol ws gecdoe Stay lag ba Oa Ju yy ab Ya Lemnndita Brie vaste! sell (gle eligy (Altheide and Johnson, 1980, Hawthorn, 1987) Cpl le aie Uae Unie Gleall Gaadtll olay! eal ips Leal Relea clad SE I Ge pall OS) Sibyl! aba SI oldie Ally cg ll CLAY ly lel ype gold eLatiaaly UAILe GM hugs Leela adiay hanall pes SIM Gye Lhd Ua po Lh gb Ladd Jilrg lly Uleall aol Licey gull Laghy Lele Thney gly! obs ole Lae giieg Syheall j95 RealAll Whslaly Leagll Gale ob Lad! le 445 Propaganda Hyles Uadl Gf YF pgedgal Cpanslll US ia tle Gity Laaly Gaya Gleall asad Gals ULL Kia ya LUG GUST Qa OF gists Y Lanyy lel sual ial Lym casilly Gee a = all Quaaly = ob Gay Ub bltiy day Yyaral ally gyeill Sh alah Liles DLR Ge Gad Gals pladinely obylell G+ yh dutalall pstdl casled Satay Gd ation alld le oly age dys Gals pgs Lele 555 eal pee gh Gel ll GIS di Ga NI le Glas GbSiaal GF She Tyas Uleall GAS TANI oa Gl SI phan, 9S UAT (Soll Gleall ULL pla cust Lelll vy Reith yall thay de Yeny Yell Be Jy Caall Ile gi Weal! caasdinad pane Ge Set Gabi! yo le Ryeall okay cileglly Glasaill So peed cos dally olasdl par Wl Bloat! daly goilll all gb * Propaganda Yes’ Uail cole Ga ay Leda Leds Lal Ze (Linebarger, 1954) gall Ryall gga Leal pi Tate gales gall ld Sf caguablll ar pasa Jat ele Jul les Taal pal ce dh daly Apeliss UnLiy pill Bleall ela Uiaiy pladiauly jum i gerbil ail Col Go Ll ob aging EDU! Tall olde Lly Se OS} hs dl Gag Ly qual Liste VIVY gle (gases) GU 44 Gaus Fagemy Ules Usil psa (Kundson, 1988) (AAV «huaS) cessll dlaLtty plaid Zausill le dana USA CU yaaty Kyla pg gle pul Taal Gleall ob Gaye Ihly soni ple Leaky ASL! pall Bas Get a Yash eesheal SN WY LL yall quit She le all iad pgp til Leas yb piled olga Leash sual GaLZ¥ ¢ bill aly Ld ge Lugyae Leladinal Bled Lalje gh WLS pylell -Lle Ge spall At db AF yh ak (Altheide and Johnson, 436i) eLasSall ya guoutiy ely ple SEDs Yalsdiauly Unksie Wad gh Helen UAT Wangs Ul adgl panel! ial! Ging 2F ly 1980) paty Ope JG fine tl egsleny blady ute (GT gl Lalas gh tins yeti Propagar Axil Juill Gyo BiyALs Wy! Weil Ges LC of lt xml! A(N0V :V8A0 cg ssl) Sly SBE MI Gas Jt Tales Uy pulse oagalll Uene cm gh les Usd uty (Plano and Greenbery, 1979: 142) gala gi Tegan! oS slay iby Ley OLKIL eLyee Gand the Garb Ge UL! labs! i Jal ol (Wahke and Dragnich, 1971) Lays LE LEI gh oY yaa gl eggule gf Gilda) olaglee ys Gol, Gleall Glas Gorsy Llane pb Leben ghd ile Oe cate alll 3b (y ISI gi Gilin Glatt si wr ISLS tet pole egy pladtnl cleLaglly a AVI oleSl paki pla gf tl gd Hl Ute get (V9AN) Ba gaat Ha Ube ly (TTY VAY bas) gualeally lest BSG Sues paSpleay pALEs lll LAGS! yb MOI Ula ged Ulel haat asa Satay Law SSI Lag Gayle Se Ha Sys Mle Goad 25 lll Haul sll olgLadly GAY Gogh seeds Lelaglly oil GbLS lel Ghaitly Gitiall degedy Qs Gualll ba Go) Badlyy ane Lai le Upeoally chill ll Jail 4 Glad! I Gud pial gill ol Gull ay gle Se ¥ Of Ghluy gablaally ol¥1 edge saaLen!l ¢ LON coe dye SEI Cannell Ge GY Lalall Sileally sell ada SsSiy lies La YS ye ST Genpolaly Laelia a L853 (HABA) GLadl) Gull, yeaLegll lates Gulual pa Rayay Zeyh Quail 9S Lalye ae le GT pall gil olale Utell SSL Ly UabdLl Cabal! Gy le Gyaky ypanll US cgay Tole! St oS gay pall gh LLG isk IG pill Gagan ll gS Jaya! oa OU UALS yuky AL ys gb selecy ZeLeally il plan i AH Uleall OU selgLall Jusndy BS cltay gi JS yey pluie! Wil, Qleull Lasswell used Gye ky Lasswell aga Gl Ugiy Gyyeill Iba gle (Varma 1979)LjU Glagy Lajlete Ge SAU LVL GEL jysadl Day Lely cated! Gast od El Qleall heey placed a ASH ALT sf agua! gi OLAIL cobs Ud ole plaid Gah tpelsaseal Joos psgitl Migs Gla oi eudlll Gay Tabl gh Rt My ital! Bat cal AY ghuh ola gees YE aaailly cydall Gail, Yleall Lasswell iat Gf Lashes BjGL PAN deaSall pote Talay unles! Lpwalic ditzy GY leall aL Gad SleasYh Silay Jide Gh ll ULal .g Unis! db Rycluve Licey fsially tbl yall splall gill oLalasl gh La Sly gs alan Me Apel pall olay ney Utell plsdiaal «Lt, Gleall Kimball Young pise head (VOY :VAA0) gle asl Gye ty Seas Ley Lala Lal YBtd Gye bday plate anda gad gle Soll A BALI lad suds pully SAV, oF apy iat Sey a oS Uae Yiie uailly easly Blea! 4S Hy Ge ote hyhd ye pV! LLG pei GF igty Say Fil goles gh Lila Git pty Laseali in Lasswell Gays ge Gay iy sill Baa gh otal (624g AGH! gi Gadi! Goerle patie Upiay Gea! Ginyail Byte pale GLA; Gi e+ ipaull pladieal tum Ge eS ga al YE SLAY jaity oT Landy suid teal olay! DIA Go bbs ODE. cya ASI RyAll SUG] oF apap Gull 13 GIS 15) Lad opal! Gale cde splall gh oles! fi Lastly gppalagll Jail lags gg oRbed ngs Lleul! gl (Bums and Petason, 1969) uate Sane 5229 ob gpa cael Gale QS) apl od 2SIl “pay faaly Lente WI Ugliiy ¥ I Gall I sb, Gi yaill a ob LIT yy ASL Lgl niaS ps ySVl yunlial gang UaZT US (2p A! cpl SE Tieny SH GI Tall pub Geakall Yleall olay Lah Jizly Mleall Guclly plall gh J olalasl le Btls gh og Lab Gye Lali Uylas’ (Bb Yeull (Doob, 1939: 89) cys dye dy (gh Gash Ge aI ANN Ge Megas ple Ty LalgST pdl aL a Da Uegae pes Uleall Dood) Guys dias OF GLAM cenyy beat! UA o4 JS SEALE Uinyed yal GI YT Gleall probe Gey gle Labty sly ThLaally cocall Gos Cag SLAY AGL geLtig yi alylall blah gad ol Leal DS ple ling plall i fl OLLI ale Laat GHAL Gleall Calli alubued Ga cleleally sl avl buns be SS Ge Tsay Gh clase gle gall ite ucla pgeliasl yeslenll pedastis ptalely pA LalS ppS she pSa5 515 dah Bylall gal Get Gasall gas GH Gyaill olyghll oda is JE Ge OS ugly Gut! Laglly eal pyngll isa spans Lasey Sey aay Aw! ll Sg SLES al ya Ute IS olgay Saul gill Gleall lina) GL La yall le olay ust Lalla le cotalll JES Ua Oe lead! Seed SS lk Lpaatie Gaal AN en GN Ue ce a a (Ts SC pee olaghee 2d rail yas sualeall ULSI) «ILL dey ablye gle SIS Sasey tae cibaal SLi Seng Vana SEA use Go ST Ualy Lae! Geshe de yg sgupaleall MAH ZasaLcY esoUialh pends ity Hyle all Gull ia,all IOUS. caatay Ryleall yagyall pibill dngaatt — (W) cytes gle gi, ple Laat GI Und ad Tilate Glee cual Yleall Gigy TBleall BU gL Al Ulaey Uleth Gagiaall Upall Lele clr Chaat Stay (Mcdonald, 1990) caslall Gala cay Jeliall gle Glew clad ae Baghuall gygaall Julas gt Biles Tha GW Hyd sh Ot (V4 )rl pall Gayle le Gyilly (ile gla Spiteall Sault yaa (9) (iis sakady Tas jad gh ads By AG! HL BAU gh oll Cy Le ale ed oe play Leal BaLall ayy clly LDU! olaglall ALS eae gle ese sl Sig (lasorsa, 1991) WHI BU nad Lad Sally dapiall sypeall Usall gh Gleall pS Ue gh Leal yroliall Ge OI (VAN) oyslnall e2U JES Gall EMA! SI Yoke! Ugly aspen Gyaall Lede Goole! ASteall wetteal ehaall (7) she Ge LIL lB yas Upall Lasse GMAT degen sf Ga Ules Bale JST Seah re Lines Lad dpm piggy oA Lae] past ya lel Gal Seal yall Bley Seta Yel HULSE pelluting AS Spy oles! ets Ul ppleies pedals dtl vegies! Bagi) Guia GLY Kyleatl Seiilly pnd! Sikagll (6) ogdala lay gle yaS Sty saad tle all 55UU Salts cles Thee Gf wel gay J SL pally qylly IS Heal all Lyall GL oly sUayay Ulasally SUB @ UAMS lea All Sal GL ately ateall glgal Jay Casall penal gb eas Lelta! cose Yel st SS Gleall compel sll gee ale Zubll asi GS Ally QELS]! oll! LUE yall pylall puis ane LLAE ale! pgbey Gull IGE Gd HOI Yleall Ge deals ptull gf Balen Ryypalls leat! conaly Seley pi nas dies gh sat lly lefplaiy eaghall G5 yal S5 SUES! ple A WSL, isl “gl gall le Lleall gL pal Wybaty (Propaganda Resource) jaa! cia ge Syteall spladl Qo ll Lane Cum Sua Blea! panty (Revealed or Whitepropaganda) gill gf cLinee!! Sylealt - t Uajseenay oLedall Uyleall 9,$85 3] Lajtnme cds Ulin pal Say Ui Matt ph paladin Soy igh! Upallion Ge Ay Aycley! USall gaby WEBYL Yoey! odhally LU! (Wahke and Dragnich, 1971, doob, 1939) oUagllycilS tll einle]y ISLS le, Gh Lag ASLI LaLa Lill ola! fi oLadll Gleall paddy Lasie AIK suoltly jaleall lad! gi Sy Al pall [Say ¥ Leste ole ISB lds py LUE] y Leia, Saas Lea UgS3 O+ SS) Gagiaull appeal! gs Gals ste Guill li phe Ge Uleall Gyo gsill Ida Seay abba! Gilyall gle ikuay JU Ga Bale eLidgll Uleall Suzy (Ellul, 1965) oa tall vga Uyyall Gaull pole! (Gray propaganda) dyole ll Sybrall — Gaby Gleall Usa YS] Ljues gpdy Blin pal oo gl Call Uattad cong elgdlialy lead se Se LES YiSly La seme ABU yall gd So pI pha ya Gass Cony Ay lee 0 ally speiith BUY) JybulTl aging blud oll Saad 3S gly (VN. pS) GUY ogBU sie Upheld gap! lat dapeilly UiLjall Jigs dle Gs Lsie Usby!l Glew! psdtudy qaay OLE Gia ll Tne Gileall Ball 44S Leste AAS og ASILy pata Vy See cy paatty lsat Gleall So gl! Wha Zine SI) sl ge Cent OG Higly castly lea! ll ggetlegll ueleall (gb Baaly Gia5 Jolys gl! Gpllall Gla) gosh Casts Gleall Ga (Ellul, 1965) «55891 (Black propaganda) slaged! Sybeall sghl gases ll qua Sly Uy tine itt Yih Ysline pal Go tgghaiall jaca 2 pine ogi Ge Sa Ui ohagudl Glos sacs gle gl sacl EFAS Se eliad gle tae hall Ow GS WY Tle Gye gpl! [da a atay gyal ST eUAY! seeds gh GIS Gobel (ETN NAW jue) BURL Lal yall oles go ‘A Henk pall clay ce lpay Ele! Ge gl gual 13] 94 olageal Uleall jrnoe lid] G4 Ld AAAI Sila Go Useay coh pany aly edly Tudo ols sl crane A Beall ¢ Lal ped Gs Uleall Jo ell La say slay tal lest ile SH tab Uy ally Lilsdiee) LA ASLy Laadill yall JRSleall Ladle yl Sst! lune sie Laid Glea!l Qleall Jlel pb WE yyy Ga Lal Gey Lilly GEN) esa Tape Jeng) Toone LES] Leal pal So GIS ye bayaall 483] gill Wleall Jig sal oleldl Yale Jars cals (\ pds gol Slay Oe canal hy Lilayyy lnm Ha SEY (Quel) pe] ul NAVe oggDASI) 20H LLL gall yi cgeaall gyal Jlayd! (yy BEY LIL, Thal Ayla) gay ple elapuall Llel asty ALI LLsY! glkiy Vadly Gash ally GeLiaall Be aoe Legh Jaataiy yaadaally GHMy SUSI a sala! sanky = AUVs lial pakiy aptly GEA fl Labi WLLL, 13) LES Bl by Gan FSH Gull Gaby ie SI Gt! “(VAY Political propaganda Spilgead! Zyleall (9) Tyler i vet si cahaah gf BU plates! Gewlall GEIL seaisy ala! Lewy SLAY oleleall oS plu davis hil yd pSaally Aull fey coutlegll a US Tikal! 3h] lela ya gedsll LS UU — Lat gi tadly nb Giblyey SIL Gest p Lally Gayl I ta SS Leal Hleall GU alld Gacobson and Lipman, Uilewl B4Ul peels! JUlyy pgSlales! yas Jal + 1968) ASUS tet con SSA gM pial pasta pa Reals lel ff": (Linebarges) yall aves oa sily Tans Telegd ciel Lpiall i tall saad gpatlagll Jleasdl JAH (Linebarger Latur 3} Lslesal gh Suse plall 4 ill fda GIS oLpur care ple 1954: 39) eg Gl sles gill pull gids L2te GIS gill Linebarger Jaya cose com yh Bald ye Tysleny Baye Sy Gb gals Leelee Gleall Gf OC WLI gall US ge SS (gyn oy sgualegll yet BE) Garb Ge asl él oll ais Le Raped LOY pty etl lay e08 Haa oll yt Qealpall lea! 3! gall ead - lyst taal a Baas Unser py oly da ge pally ull oly Ol ese gy alee Ly ec Deally GeaaLaghiall pg GAY! Sot elgstl Le pbully [au ly Laayall SL 290 LAs Lal gael Ge gle till bliaal igh ads Cabal olga ga Hall ISI Lasting . Lalually Gleall alah (Varmadassell cay grt lad! oll sate ald cy sleet! ll ate ill poll a oe Lteg LS Llacteal Gell lel! canadien ay . 1979: 221-222) pladiauls al alee Oe YI ganas Gf celal gin gull! Ga5i yd yt Raualaeal Uleall Soyle Ge Gyyal coliad als Loy lal! sd YSouall Rll les gepLill Gala slosatual Seay Glall gle LalS Gut galetl plea Yast ilies sate Sloat by AL Lys coe LAS contil Ul Zqyal WEL US pal Gaol a ey le ald Ga yal Tale, pllall ly cpalsall pabelly Gh sates yall oa sgilall woeall (Military propaganda) ay Small Zlealt (1) dy secs Suns YI JET cya SAE cg pall pL! Hy Seaall Gleall Gand glial Gayl) blade tel isk J} tye pie Able yy ste gd Sth (Linebarger, 1954) ploy U2, ail sh ogee adh yall Bley on Una Glo SN gall GURY Lye GIS NAVA pl ab ¥l sop gb Uysal Call palo oe Lad Laayy Lia Ladle CHS Gal pally Gleall Oly call ad oh (Erick Von Lundendrof) ayysig chal GUY lg SU lel aay pall Cabal a egSaall Uylall Gall OY JER cay) aS Fret lS BUY! tall of (NAW «352) elilall Gles Yaa Lan Cppeall Cpile le Bale LSuuall lel 3S iy stlae ge SSA go Glee LS guall BSeaall Spalll iad Ue =) ei adil gf gall colin gi dassll fis alum E Sue Gel fal ae liall slay Sloe gle SS.al ge UII! &Suuall Spall oglylil cil Unis yy P Sepa oS) sai gull Rok yesty poll Saal lap Late BS Cobeull Gay cggall Ypadken le quldll Ugh gd ESuall Gules FB pau gle sll pos el Spliting Propaganda SeLudat tleall -£ Pleas Sad Gl gill leben gb ULAR! Sind all Uleull Uy aly GM [esl San Lidell gy pli All Mall Jha ld LEG Bany ayllely steal Blea 3655 (VA. Sle) BUY Lagll le Lys oly WU i IS gsi MIS, Tee laig Yh Medal gl WH ylly Gaull LSU Gal le GEL Talay coal Gat ol oy dauill gi Gall Counter propaganda jef sll gl Stall Sybsall 0 Gobel gis UL LAL Salis Viles Sale sual! Gles Vdty lye penill biel le SaLAL! Gleall Wadi of 3 oly ay (VAI-MAYV pile) val Sal gl Lal Shall oy glaall Lyas Ue Y all Wha! ayhll Ly GF YU oS Og ue gd GLAS dy [31 Gl pines Lsaleall y Steet oleae ple 585 BoLeall le 5,4 Jagyy Schau GU Leased go Jaleigy na Gy asl gale! syeall gle 3855 cil cally quod! Wiles! Gall {(VMA8 gas) oT Ghbe Giuty Glaie ¢ IGE! Taye gle Lee Gaba Hleull «(Doob, 1939) Ball palanty putes ga Baleatl Glew! claal ala! deat G+ GU lay Hl Jatin sss ois peal 3 Gay Ys) leans dusk Ge ally peal Uileal! Bleall 5 Vigly Urseed gyaly LH ASI GS Gt Sey gill aLM G copaleall p81 Gzghy peodll BL go YL Gleull gL! qeeal Ge Tubal eobUay Gf Upde gle Gl pall aud Kyall Gly gb AIT 5S) SUI Jee glad Bah gd ill pets SHH elegy cas oF coal Bane UBL all flnall sagan « Salli) lal le gl Bans Bashan Sits Cypha Yel (NSA gall oly ll gyal Apleall Silay cede plaual pay (gata placed say Tegile Uileggy Base dam Ud ell Sbiy Layage OF YF lea Silay ¢.55 Oe pZall ley yyblly High! Gayyb 29 Tye alge ye 5S SIE co shill len Uiseiy sass ¢ Lali yay aoa LS Rll opal logy coe Uae lel YU Syl! cally SI pine Gf Hal hy goles NAAN aa «AAS gan.) Ell Eley de soy Ble LSS) Al (Say GI gs Ellul, 1965, Beacon, 1986, Hawthorn. 1987) (YAW yaad «V4A0 Rail Lgl Gaal 2) ell Lgl cued gil Yea Slay peal steal Rybeall (Septill ged) Sync Silagll gl AD gall le Gleal call ub kl lll jam OS Ww Apa yall lay eta el Band Wagon J 6x1 gf aga ell 9 seat ol LSE Bled bess gi alll gab Silay! pal Ge Ung ll oda ad All GLAST ATL AG Sy abide JEL Aly Bycieae Eauey Yast Dae SG ag Wakil Qs Tagua! gi (pia) gS pue5ll aoe od say elliy Clay Usayll oda dhaye puted hy SB Hagly LT ala badly Gaslatly SLL og oLtlly capall gd Gy dt GIS US Usual oa gle Sled shy clay SS SS pb Call! ge Gt (gL! pa sll Bane (NOERNAYS opal) (oll ll lll Gx) cllanee Ou Y play dual Gla Ga é gay Lal anal gl LSI osS YSby BSI ESI Ledley Laalie clpaaly thant ALG Ob ape GU dae oUt gees cu My olds Lys iy Lease 4S oly Gaeta! asta oe HL yatta Gall gh cyl Gadly 1S 43 gl LSS BH agpegll GS Gas Y Ge Gaal WILL jolie py set YLy cudsgheall Ba GWleall 5 Sal oa pasty caaldy coeds Y gill tual 3555 Gle LoL! oS) (otis F gill taal) 3S ONS ple Tike GES, TS Gulley dyke Lays dias HG y lil ual Saall ob Ryghill Lay Uyalall Ge Saad Fad Rap yll yak Ge Saad GAN FLY eye Ee cob yl Lens gill Upbll ¢ LL LW i ae oh Bah Goi ll Name Calling eheg!! -¥ OF gata gh egal, Gibially Yatans yb cline yf Tne Lad G yaa hy Raia Ul gh lal! plu coh lads of UL al cll oid Halal Yall Be pystel sslaatanly ganged pall Gtlady a all HluiYl Latins ode saya he gle JG LGU ayy gle ols Of Yleull olay jadi! oUt Leth castall gets Dye Lads Te I Uae ll Lal Higgs hayall Lol Jal Beal Sy lua anh geal gyal le yall oleiT Uyeda Jalal vy ASLIS Te Glittering Generalities geal -¥ gall gf gaia! gl Teganlly Ylially Uae lds gl Tne Tad dy dyn! pF esa gobjiazll pUall CL Se pUS Jl! aniy Wiles Lesdioall Slee gly Glad! dying obym plialy Blybull yell le psi Gly iba! ony Wibitly SLE AUS gl Gos pl Lan Gl Wally LAGI! YOUR GS ga Liaany Belle Ta Pahl gd all SLacTT Gude Bll! Lal gl tal genial! jul OF gin quest ltl ail Ladll Ubiiiel Jb Ui SEL age glad ud gi Tis Colgan ll Cpls Cll pda! cath ytl gas! ak con pull gall Dalen Luly lad dala ¥ pal gall Transfer Jugaally paint -% Talal Yall gl Eegll yl eyapall Yas cline yf Tine Tad ¢ tpnlll Ryall ZIM ol aly Gall! pully LAL ULSI! lines lel Gapdeall All, Ally Heal! all pall GAS al SANT Uilaneny aotaall HT age eon Luly yf Yala! Yell Gadd gle aS AG Yd Uyeyll ode alan pds edge Halll U lel G53 Foley ppGylee IEA Lanyy asd WI ps ledald L8G soablaal! ulead all +LagYl gale Satiy Layee yd Tull Sind! go Bye) Ualall Rayall all sia 3,85 8 Gf Ladd olla ah GF Bay sen Quand Lay S Bl absiy TALL Gasgdll LAL yl ualt ally Sill aay Boley SoU LAGS Laggall all gle Giles i oS) JB Lal sgl gh ASAI gh casi gall apse gay gaia! Vpn Ge castal gual Plain Folks Spy2Sib act gill pelogd! Spade 9 Baghaall gh Golall Yall gf acted gf egeall ¢ UH! Tell ales deol hg Loe RAULLI Ugall 36 59 Uileall 5,Saly gate gad yd US Ob Ges Ta Rat yall lay Gets Yel ela 3S, aE Lye yLl Leal! Sly cpsie Gapheall Zegegll slid plies hss age alse he gold cpaile all geal al i Jpaill gle olbbe le oh gnats in ay Apel! gay pla quand! oly gual! cbt ae gil 2 vUgigh of Lah ya WI iglesia gil aun I Sale US ing Testimonial abawt -¥ (Gl Rigas janes olpttl lliy leat! 5 SGI Taso gle Jul 4 ape! baled dapcall oll ped Ga 41 Uanyll aday apall aspeall le 986 eel gle LOU EAL Ga yada ll ISAT Gyan ll Joe OLS! Wig pull Ga ged BLES TG Yo gyi sh Lad ply Gale dhal syle Really gatlagll JS ge saul abd sf JAS Hiya acs le este Ball Gaal! palsy! gh UL goth Lae egal of LLY ULL! g b¥! lel slays Card Stacking aggextt -¥ Gh degegll ge Unused gl WHEE Go Jalil yf gildall LAA! ples ley tyne! (esis GSI, p fall Zileall Gall Zgall ta ab Gay Tioga! gall sf estell ie ST couae gh les yall Gle Bayt gh CLS! ganas vLabey Gasnd do Bhs dy ABleall Sill Giles Gia 1) ceeaey Lethe 1s Geahiowe de dagaill pladdual GU Iily Gleall Gal Yall Gaal Giaas 4 aged spall le ghae GS sib Gay Ble SS Gipsy RAL: UI gry Ulead iba Ge teas UNL dighads gil esl ie ola lay Le ge I Oba! Uae vain) GRY Lay pgilsesil od Cte ptleay + lal Sai Uby Aypatal Ul lldy seal cali US AGU Yygetlly G Saal! Uysal! gall le Ball Samy be feyell aad ele de Ue clad All JL SH lad! gts Oe Silball SY (Shs) Gaal oli WIL all vo PSL Les! Syleatl Seal! filagll be Silay asbaiy cal piv) oLaledl Cys lay pl a erualanll JLaitl Silagy sd lane gi Ly ball Jalal putt janall Uae Sly ¢ bday Laue Oa paler! poled Geen Sguall gael i gaya paul sSl pall Syyf hy Lab! Thal dlye api Ley (ale tll Ula Baty lll gall ple Uleall Guill slag pal pam Saas Rtaall 1 Really yb SSH agill Gly goaaleall ls! Lily pal Ulawall a5 CAD pli BI pall git Guay od Ulanall Leeal 252 oy waleall Gee Geass Boyagll oluell Jlasiualy Casall oY! placed i gull g Lal say ghoul! Tsacall Glaaly LAGS! Guam Uileall 54) Blue i Gavel! ibsiy cle gill ju8I) Cyle gi ached phe Gawall 2asé (Robinson and Kohut, 1988) acing oH Laiag GL Sly BOYS Alea Gail jab Lesa! Silay Oo JST sh They Gel os pganllly gpl he Lad ub Leads Sily gle dae Go JAN! Udell cggilanall SII Rela sie Uleall Ql yb flag dye Uys ola dame cells CLasorsa, 1991) yall Gugiaall ypaally yl! pe Tinned Glad si sa gay col Ube OU RRL Rydell bly le yaSII GIS 131 JEL agen lad eal FOU ee Gale GL, GIS [ly Zpeaiill lea Jolayy Gye UnayS ET gh US GSI Ghee ll Teoldy Basal! Yibagay Spall geulall bisa Lundy ‘Tugs Yleall Gab cel Siady call IS Caldy AI all atl! ay cusny gill Ginall leat! Biya gy pall ogy Jl leg pl Go sad Ula ld le Laguiy as GAN SUR aya! Gta gd OLALGST Sys le seleniy sli salads quail! TM gf egy] gf Gell Leal! a olyan ag hllly lal gael aps n ak pall Silay Ge tye lead SLANT LAGS GSES All oh JGYG JLAYL payets ally Qubetiyl yf CUS Go oS) Baye Gs Wheeall gf ie 15 Lele gate oo epithe le 3d ged «(Garramone, 1984) obaglaall pS! ileal! ga Jalal sie SUB, ple olay a Ud 4 Tle Laglell 4 aS pS deen gdedly pert 1 ay Slat pak Se Lyall tha gi Laat, Lye al ileal poled! ot Magnet ds ngs Uhagyy Lelie GIS ile lev! glSall day pudal cggall AVI aad LegesStaaly Obed Guba gle alally lS lull pSall sabi Hoge lag pay se tae gn Hl sey olelly ‘ah SL Giosae gliy dad olepayy Tiske sbaly deudly Giliny ailya}) plall glial Gad Lajsluae $3 ge gtleall deals Lily 2S Yay des ob Cys ial! one lel sae YELM ly galas All Rattles Gaby SF caps Gales U pda Jay JS OU allay Lede Gils Gp) 4A8 ois’) Ye Renal Sony Sasa! ected gd gpl! (OSL pale! paitlly Bgl! GLE sbiyy ol yglty Slat 4 4b geyey ley Lde gata! aljal Dalal daypady pole! MYL, gyldally «AGM GALT UAiTLy gail gl Gags eV! GU Ald gle Slash Eyyaeny yualenll aluel 35k) gay Abidty east plall ijl! cesiaay gopalagll Jas! dilagl gcasall Go ual Silally olylall pslenes “al (AV glpa5) Badal elgg pl gil a5t gd Le Lass ab ot le elegy «MeV! Ula Bohl Uiazle Se ple All Fylo¥h ysleall poled! any Silay (ya Taney Al ae CHEV Gold Sty Laill yyally ple JSte yall Sal yy GLAD gall Sled pay 4 3] egal 4 Ht! lyus Gghde yal elds THBELI ISAT Ge OGL dly olaglatl 2 ga poleyly LAG pd pel! Leahy yal Que Ula GI seas Listes pf Labs gts Wv BSLAS at gases ayary sae Ob OF day tlie ola pet at hy gualeall dats gill GIL Lyd Tigh yay BO! ley) Saige ll Gt tae giloilly Tiaky Ge ple! Ml ges) (WY! GoLy BLT oes Ge kal sadly Uiealn jaunty LAS lgany Coty ple sist oo Gay tet y Langll (NAW Las) Lote! ole geal Be “dleely oe teal pyaill i Gavel lal! posed! guled bat Oe ol GAs aby clay gh bal BCU ay ole dyll ga Ul gf Tally Teall! Geel Tovey! BU Ql yall Ged Gall ye Gaal Gly Vay gil obadl Tegal Lakay Gis Terghy Gyall pudgy oa YLT pM cits oi Qdlev isle Tigda Layalb pb yy ‘oti Jaull cle sane aslaat-¥ Uys SS py SF LUI ALll gill gle tll Gi LL Tye eho cat Ud LEAL! Jol! GI Youll Gels! gab gf olelS¥l Ga sue Gopedte See TOU WAL Qyall Jd Leahy 21S BT yk ay YU Eyal ca Saal i pla gh ll gle Sl od Uaglll Ung! oda UY! Blea! obit qe sb GM ULL Gyalll say tose MH MG Gd coals gol hy ail a Seal oy ole SY cepacia Ga pbed sue oll aay Gf guinw GY bap UL Uys ¢ tly GB Sle Gl pay Ad EAL Bue TEA gay Gd le Gell tl diya amas LS Ralys LT gi Ula WAM Lh dla sls (SU alll 3 wba jUSYN TeNSH Vyas Ladle quel pUUG Sgt Gal g UA ll GIi¥) caiash gall! apall ligt gb Blaall gle Gyis ypliyy s fleall pole lew yi Ulaeal (pad Ls Yesiy Teles dy yall Slaly gall Slant elit gos y4d eal Uy YA ett pall lay de Uaaes les plete ag cn MI had Tey gout CUAL sayy hasall Gade we vgileall dhbgy Liles Tad GIS Il Lol — gelYl nA! GaSe lel Uae gh gd Sighs Qaeda gle aS 980d SI pall eo oes ib Ranadils Logg Bds Lealye Gt clad pileall Jaall Elne OU My esl igh GE Ny PEaghall satleall olpaitly Glee yb Ladall lel Guill Bis Uley elull olela G5 JOU dane tad Aste! salt Gal Quali (Altheide and Wsgiuatl yygagll Gileall 2s) JleeY obi’! ada oo gga . Johnson, 1980) Deal poling Go Many’ ¢ UE jac gill gatlaadll ary obal all eas! ay GNSS SU asl oA ulylh LEY Ly Cpeaduall aS 5ST ple Gab renal Eel -ADrew and Weaver, 1990) (V+¥ :VA4Y Blue!) ¢pually SLANG Ble Seagt! Selaal gl uct -£ cull 3 plat gilt olitai! JES ob SN Sileny Saal Ge SUGI say ‘platy Les cxpally Byguall agg sall pal GY GDh le UST Gay cata! Gayl 3 4 Lead lath GU ssl aYl UGS! ISAS gd ashy Gyybal Gpelll late sah JU ty (gallon Gaskl Ql git! Goris ol tll Une 385 Bala Vl Laayal! 52 SHI plead Laljal UE gt Gaal! GIS 1) crest ((2V—00 :\9A0 og il) (GLa ya ill Labatt JS i pay gileull poled! Sliye slit JBs ay Rigi! VSN oy bays GY pail Tabedie Sypuas Gaaal oypy Bpbd Slaal Lud eg hl ileal pLeYl doling LAAS ¥ gall seal! Ty eelae wis, pay gull | US 4g Mughal! oh Udall palegll Lead le aS 86 Slag! gga UY!) oS! UyayS psd Ally pcaeall esall pail sath Lo bag gigs Y Le Hay Wile DL garden pualeall p GAY ({yleall Gaal job " ISLS LH od Ac Uyggll Leng gf sles Gall GIS olALl Uae lad gph Uleall WB yuadls lS cats Ky tall SSeally Gall Gaps cats Gateall olyi Gas gle 80 Ulead Lai! Lug! SSI 54bII gf olulall oath (Garramone, 1984, Drew and Weaver, 1990).4ilauall 5 @USkl lay Gagiaall cle 1S Lay Rall Leal olay g peel hi de SUL GSE GU Lypey sghle lane ta gf ya sualanll Lalas! QusS Local 0 Riba OU! gle gay eplll itl SusSt Lule Ge pla dale Leduall colin! gaan GH gage SY ecall sldY Gal Greed Uae Gb gd Las Lyty Late gant Bll Gleall Gall Llagll ST oo Lalli Usdey Able ple oA go stall Migl Le gual Giyaey opine oly Mapas pany paca LAS) gb Lgl! SII Ball! ll HiLal Gpsalll GAMI Ladll Utell Joluy Tegal! pad UyAG OI Ser Fall ppenlly Ay Lodgall thusly Ylely Ze pey aS Qualdll oYLEY GEE! days OU Md Melia Gf ad Lill gd G81 OU gb Gia GL Ley ue OUI ab eae igh gs lel! lb od (OLIN f Lendy Fyble Tull Gl ,t] coed Legal Rach ly 4,3 UST aed dy getll pall anty Leaggs Tee 5g he Lea DUE Chagall MA id Blea UY! Go LES Lagh Gb iayll Ulli pila! Talay SUI pfs Lott US YI Baal! OLY oath Lally ALY! cgtallll ob 398 Wall ULL Gall bg Al Lolil eel LS Lay gue i Leal es S) bs Wl! OU ol mats Ia Gay colatl slegh elit Sh gagllall Jail 405 Gh dys LGW Ge ELEY) Load pase Gola git le HI Silay geil Ga Lapa veld le oliyy 0 gd yell ple dae GURU Oo LS Use lls pl Gill aptally gualeall Yr endl yall Slay de Ue Yes egal 4 Rall Gla blag gay Lebwall Oo Ss Taal Lal leat! Uys coal Telia! otis gle GuaY! ode gh atlas whli cule ue oY ally «eA ag neal g1sAll le GF yay pa pall Jaa Ui Gye GH bal duos Cont oS oe gl ull lll pb onal Gol att O OU A ers clad Lie GIS Dla! Oe WES gly putleall clas! Ge Lae Gy vill Gay gy Ryall SELL cya 5 op SI oany US cya A call ss Id saly oy of pats OA Ga lly «Lil Jie yb YI Casal Capel hy Ulead Obl! gdb Gb SL gels pl Ua al JS eek SO Su qin a BS Upheld LLY cll Edson ell clube le Ulaui ll UGiav gall Go pda bisall es Suey (NN 0¥ galdlhae) a4) Sh Aaa LLL Sad I Hell Sal Slagle Comal daz old an Ral gM lalla! gf Gia! olalbal Kouba Sihpagilly girly Lora! olelaglly shit oC ylang OLALES! Gas od Liay Lee Lape Gleall at gl Hyalll spbilly yall SS! Aaa all ply GLY oh pul Gleall pyping ALLA gall Blas Qe Gall Lengel! slay! SRY «hv! RLU! all gh oe ast olgghall pli doyle QM Taalul poliall Glel pypie ead Gast lead Beak LLaglly «ileal! Gayl Atel vy SLES el Ayla Glew «seal due Go Lleall lie Bayse @ [st ll lel! pus CUT oka So gy) Uy HULA Hel GLb! Gleutt 4 Saal! Yleall oC agg Lalas gle SGN lI iss Yasan cS Gly ty Teale pladinal Le Bier Wedd Lym alee Bosaie Gib ub Gand Lily gle Gales ety Yleul! 4 Ye iS lel BUG Baga! ola ¢ LEY Lyty LS) SIL, pails ently sgaaleglls JL! Jilay ple Gleall clay 4M Uke GT ols Rileall Bull JoLugll AMI olny gil I al jl clans A LS lee ay Based Lays gle seday gill Gall! Lyall le Wall Glo! sis (\) the HESS 3) Thsgisall Spo LS Lenya, Gaal! VM agiy ues I GEES gd Ally Jaa! Gedy b Sill YLT gf oladell tell Sa WIbieal ge gh OS ging Thsgiaall Up! Uileall TAU daa ualill Gadd! UGA! ally adil Gig Bll gle say Gleall nual! cadyill ileal 495 Leste le oh aail GU Niyly Gaga Gall dined Lage Tole) Solu Laadill Slug ll aed -e Sila gh Ung syses GH Gall lag! path Ge uF gyal thay OU Lat : Ba WS ghay ole! gle daliy Yigeuds dulad ga luliny Utell agi! Gybll Lait oo! (¥) taglt US aegis (Sap Heal! gi Gaal Glad Ge GLAS pny Gyan rr pak yall olay So Ueey lel aad tha Jay gal ol gia Gleall juee Ja Dleall joes Soult Lily Uzacae Of pl leat Uibytl yoleall RNS ya Tans TH pl) GLSG UY) Toles pian Ja yell Gur Steady ¢l stall gal pond Uehsa day 3S) gpl pualball pt Ly leat! SAUL Apis ISLe Hyleall pple Gy Wap Las teald aad! Blagg ot Ly Lele saga yygaall ll Gleall cling AS Sail blag gf leans Sala pl cgyyalenll Jleaiil Joly JS Hileall Ball! costed Ja ee lad Sled Bb Tangs ¢ LAM SyS ok JE an lad tine Ball HIS 1G amen Sally SLB, By lde Tee Ul oA CUM GU AAU Goll sal tly oll Ghee ye Yileall pL, Lie Waa Gall Lgl Boll gh Uesiuall Syayll Taga gh Salt Ue sendy lel pain (epee! La) gl Leal! WH yng das dst ony steal penis (pAAL ipsa iS) (Capes Joladl BSI Zl) 35 Ball syaudn i 5 SU Garten! Lol SUL aye Nl st Sede apady quan Gleall Wut gle geil Lhe psy Lilet! aks apegll odie paid gta Udadhe pS yey UyLeel, 8, Stl oles qeeny ips Ube oils 151 stab Beall Ll Glitly GIS! eee Boh WE gol t¥ Weal GU i BS Syl! Ale AUN GlSay Sle) gas Syestl oda gb sil gf Glee gpl oda wat ai gh Got oI asa WS Ube poled Sd wld pub gh oleae gi OU yas Leatiy a “3 aay Aig Dleal ¢ Lh geil go phd Boball Uleal! of Jaill Sey GIT « Eh Gh Ula LU Gl Upeaglly gual Wleall Bal Lbs gle att LY sal opuaalitl Lye ly Mizell pSaciy Leal ry PSLES tll Lagi Risgisall Yall Mahe ue gf Graal Gare Lites! Ball cals 13 Mall aha i Beall pT Leal elayuall Gleall SS ISU pt LS Weal! BU sled g Sul gall cys Ue yb Seb ally ull Mell Tyga cya pubasl Lusi! Leys Leladioal Les wall Yall Zgiall Gaull Ball clas gd pula! alll teal! (ual! 2) Slug as geld gh Teil LSally Ladd Tegal gle (pba col plated! sing 31 Lilet! AUIS sony Ulead! Boll play Rsgiaald re () ed pall Slay da Yn ell ally saball Hea sall aot slt Biyall glo haya Ll Legh Agheally algal! pet goth yg luv! s\4A0 dasalall VA Aes Ayaalgll Giyall fa esi (Shell) 9 plall ghully ple Ue bya Ll Gey Jaa! ogi olalys — aqlgall Bell seal oe NAW cae aps Gall taal al sss Ln, gheally del jolillaye tame ile Ball yglais Sy Ady AS ogy AS a uley AE sly AS opal gilt NAVY Qa yeall glas¥)UaSe sgeoll Slall gla bay RSC Tab gels at gable gual NAAT ecsbeal yall Jasaly sha salty cat gall gag! gh Rpendell esa! ale casts AVAAS lle SAG Ralf! Cell cggtlese st ybsll gobs prladline sale had op Wat gia Gps Ryall pa loge gh Yoke! odlanll ued same yell pela! stall Rpplecpily Split! gglall Anke dye ell scaly AVYV=4 Ae VAAN LY sual eqglgl Laghll Zakacall Sy zag Syleally plall lll gine ulillne NNOV Ryall glas¥I Lise od yall! HM ple seagyan olgVl Raab! pBeetl aio Rpedell Gigall Lasllaye chia WVSAV LShl gan gplee «Kiblally LelCl gpd Rell suyall -aady «dhs! WNAVo aggipl ia, ¥1 dudaeell Bam Yo ASLAS ste Sit WeLG Aegaogll Raghll Zeiteall algll ggeine elas i SY asl Lay yelanh al gle (pase) edge ob tpl gb Algal ARAL philly Zell Getias glo Gates loath ple¥! “pally Helall Spall slo chyallll Lvl Lagbll geal gi gall dln ua .AW “pial oliyall glo glee RICH Zag Lh GOS geal gaya aad hs VAAN gabsilly ls iat Re ily calgall ggilill lle cease «53 Sal! tame sill ANAAY shady gatlly Zell Salt keel aati! Altheide, D. and Johnson, J. Bureaucratic propaganda. Boston: All and Bacon, Inc., 1980, Burns, J. and Peltason, A. Government by people (7th ed.) London: Prentice - Hall National, 1969. Doob, L. Propaganda: Its Psychology and technique. Newyork: Henry Holt and ‘Company. Drew, D. and Weaver, D.(1990) Media attentions media exposure, ‘and media effects, Joumalism Quarterly, Vol 67, No.4, 740-748, 1939. Ellul, J. Propaganda: The formation of men's attitudes. Newyork: Alfred A.knopf, 1965. Garramone, G. Motivational models: Replication across media for political campaign content, Journalism Quarterly, Vol.61, No.3, 537-541, 1984. Hawthorn, J. Propaganda, persuasion and polemic. London: Edward Amold, 1987. Plano, J. and Greenberg, M. The American political dictionary (Sth ed). Newyork: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1979. Jacobsen, G. and Lipman, M. Political Science, Newyork: Bames and Noble, 1968. el pall ay oe Unreal Knudson, J. The ultimate weapon: propaganda and the spanish civil war. Journalism History, Vol. 15, No. 4, 102-111, 1988. Lasorsa, D. Effects of news paper competition on public opinion diversity. Journalism Quariery, Vol. 68, No 1, 38-47, 1991. Linebarger, P. Psychological warefare (2nd ed.), Newyork: Duall, Sloan and pearce, 1954, Medonald, D. Media orientation and television news viewing. Journalism Quarterly, Vol. 67, No. 1, 11-20, 1990. Nagy, A. Words wars at home: us. response to world war it propaganda, Journalism Quarterly, Vo1.67, No.1, 207-213, 1990. Robinson, M. and Kohut, A. Believability and the press. public Opinion Quarterly, Vol 52, No.2, 174-189, 1988. ‘Varma, $. Modern political theory. New Delhi: Vikas publishing House, 1979. Wahke, J. and Dragnich, A. Government and politics (2nd ed.). New york: Rando House, 1971.

You might also like