WEBVTT

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In this section, we're going to look at the built in, data structures in Python

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which are extremely important when building real applications. First,

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we're going to look at lists, and then we will look at couples, sets, and

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dictionaries. So earlier you have seen, that we have used the square brackets

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to define a list of a sequence of objects. In

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between these brackets we can have object of any type, so we can have list

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of strings, like this, and then assign it to a variable

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like letters. We can also have a list of

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numbers, booleans, or even a list of lists. Let me show you.

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So here we have a list. Each item in this list,

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will be a list itself. So here's the first item.

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Which is a list of two items, now let's add another

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item to our name or parent list, this item is also

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a list with two items, so now we have a

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matrix, which is a two dimensional list. Now

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let me show you some cool tricks. Let's say you want to have a list of 100

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0's. You don't want to manually create those like this, that's very

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ugly. Let me show you a better way. So we define a list

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of item, one zero, and then we can multiply it by 100,

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and the result will be this. Let me show you.

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Print zeros here

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it is. There it is, so using a star

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or an asterisk we can repeat the items in a list. Now,

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similarly we can use a plus to concatenate multiple lists.

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Let me show you. So first I'm going to change this to 5,

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now, let's define the variable combined,

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which is our zeros list, plus letters,

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let's see what happens. Print combined

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you know it, so we have 5 zeros, followed by an
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abc. Now as you can see in Python every object

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in the list can be of a different type, so they don't have to be from the same
type.

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We can combine a list of numbers with strings, and booleans, or even

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lists. Now let's say you want to have a list of numbers,

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like 0, 1, 2, 3, all the way up to 20. You don't want to type all

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of the by hand. There is a better way. So we have this list function

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as you can see this function takes an iterable.

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So we can pass any interval here, and convert it to a list.

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Earlier you learned about the range function, this function returns

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a range object which is iterable. Which means we can iterate or

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loop over it. So here we can call this function and pass

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20, and with this we can create a list of numbers from 0,

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to 20, let me show you, so let's store it

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in numbers, and then print it on the terminal,

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there you go. So zero up to 20, but note that

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20 itself is not included. As another

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example, let's call the list function, and pass

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a string. Earlier I told you that strings are also iterable,

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we can loop over them, so we can pass them to the list function,

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and see what we get. Let's print

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chars on the terminal. So you can see each character

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in our original string is an item

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in this list. So, these are a few different ways to create a list

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in Python. Now that we have a list, we can get the number of items in

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that list using the len function. So here we can print

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the len or length of chars. Let's

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take a look, so we have 11 items in this list. Over the

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next few lectures we'll look at various