UICHHC BHICTABOK, TeaTpanbHMIx nocraHo- BOK ¢ MOCAeAyIOUUM aHaausoM. TloarotopKa cospemcHHoro npenora- sareaa aMrepatyps HeMbICANMa Ges co- BepuIeHCrBoBANtHis BHeayauTOpHOit caMo- crosreapHolt pa6ori cryseHToB, yunTbl- Bas, UTO OTOT BHA AeATEABHOCTH TaK 2%KE NeoGxoMM, Kak HM ayaHTopHaa paGora, 160 sBAsIeTCA COCTABHOH HaCTHIO yuCOHO- ro mpouecca. B cipepe aurepary pore 06- pasoBanus On OCOGCHHO BaxcH, MOCKOAb- Ky AYXOBHOe H ocTeTHUECKOe OGoraMLeHHe AMMHOCTH HeMBICAUMO Ge3 YMeHHIs BepHO, KPHTHYCCKH OpHeHTHpORaTHCA B OrpoM- Holt macce xydoxecrBeHUoro MaTepuasta, 6e3 passHToro BocnpusTHa ocreTHUECKHX uennoctei. Onuum 13 nyrelt axTHpuaa- UMM caMoctostemBHoit paSorsi ctyzeHToR agasierca snTepatypHoe —KpacpeaeHue. Mut u3yunan obit paorbi B HaUNoHab- MbIX rpyrimax yHMBepcurera awrepatyp- Ho-KpacaeauccKHx Kpy2xkoB. Oxia mpoxo- Auaach B paaaMunuix opmax im Biaax: pasHoro posta cooSulenHsa o cRHaRX pyc- CKUX TIMcaTenelt C MOPXORCKHM KpaeM; ylacrue CTYAeHTOB B MepOMpUSITHsIX, Be- Hocmynura 12.02.2000 uepax, KondbepeHuax, oKcKypcHax 110 TAMSITHDIM MECTAM, CBS3AHHBIM C 2KH3HDIO HM TBOpUCCTBOM PYCCKHX M MopgoBCcKHx nucareaeii. JIurepatypuoe xpaenexcune oueH BaKHO JIM Gyayulero neaarora Ono nomoraer pewenmto rapnoit sanaun yueOHo-nocruTarenbuoro —mpouecca—B Byse — nosrorosKe yunrexa BuIco- Ko KBaqubMKauMM mM UMpoKoit Ky.1b- Typhi. Takum o6pasom, moarotosKa cospe- MeHHOTO npenloaamareas suTepatyphl B yenonuax yHuBepenrerckoro neaaroruue- cKore oGpasowanus, uMeIoU\ero cBOD TBOpYecKyIO MOsHUMIO, CBO B3rIAA Ha M3yUeHHe AWTepATypH B LIKOAe, BOIMOX- Ha TOAbKO B peay.Ibrare BosAelicTBMa Ha JIMYHOCTH CTYCHTA B3AMMOCBSA3AHHO! CH- CTeMbt aYANTOPHOI 1 BHeAysMTOpHO! pa~ Gorbi no pyccKoit M MopaoBCKoli auTepa- ype. Bce 910 nosponut coaaath armoc- epy Twopyecrsa, Koropas B cBo1o oue~ pea GyseT BaNaTh He TOKO Ha KaUc- crBeHHoe auTepatypHoe obpasonanne Sy- aymicro yunrena, HO M Ha craHoBacHite ero AM4HOCTH. JIMTEPATYPHbIM TEPOM WM TIPOTOTHT: P9CC BPHCCEHJIEH B POMAHE JOKEKA JIOHJIOHA »MAPTHH HEH“ MW JOKOPI2K CTEPJIMHE A. B. TAHACEMYYK, kanauaat cbuzonormueckux HayK Buorpadua nucarens, ero anunps onbrr urpaior cyulecTBeHHYIO porb B ‘ropuecrse, He TombKo ca1a Boobpaxe- Must, HOM HHAMBHAyaAbHBIe OGcTOATesb- crea xXuSHM ,(bopmupylor nponsEercHHs xygoxunka. "B l0aHOi Mepe 9TO OTHO- cure. MK aMepHKaHcKoMy mucaTemo Ibxexy Jonsony (1876 — i916). Tosopa 06 asToSuorpacbuueckux Mo- quwax B TBopuccTBe JloHzoHa, MuLHeH3~ GexHo scriomHumM — poman,Maprui Vaeu* — nanGonee usnecruoe m HanGo- ace asro6uorpaduunice #3 npousnerenuit nucareas. Tpaxtuuecku m0Goit 13 repo- eB poMana Men nporormm B 2x«xH3HH JOH nova. M Pyd» Mops, 1 Jina Kounoasm, m Koanera Mapruna Uaena mo paore & npaveunoit no umerm Jbxo, m aa%e cro spar lo npospmmy Macastas Poxa, 1 MuorHe APYrHe TIepcoHarKM POMaHa — pe- aabuble MON, KUBIIKE PALOM C TMCATe- Hem M TIepeHeceHHpIe Ha CTpaHHUBt po- mana B Gonbuicit wim MeHbUIei CrencHH npeo6paxcuinimu ero TROpuecKoI dan © A. B. Tanaceituyx, 2000 81raaueli, Bce om cbirpanm cBOW (KTO MeHBUIYIO, KTO Gombury10) po B cyabGe uM opMuposanun TanawTa XyZOXKHUKa. OaHo 13 WeHTpabHBX MecT B cHcTe- Me oGpasos pomata 3aHMMaeT mepconax no wMewn Pacc Bpucceraen. Wmexno vor MTepatypHBlit repoii oKasbIBAeT Ha Maca wanGorsmee sausune. Couma- scr, IpMBepKeHE —_MporpeccuBHEIX B3rAG10B, OH Ha MHOTOC OTKDHBACT EMY raza, MOMOraeT NOCTHUb CKPBITHI CMBIC 2KUSHK Hee MIPOTUBOpeUNA H KAK HMKTO Apyroi cnoco6crsyer — ¢bopmuponaniio yOexaenni Mena. Hanomium, » roabt nanucanma pomana Ibxex Jlonton — yOexseHHbIi couManucT, HM MpHsHaHue pon Bpyccerena B (opmupopanni 110- AWTMMeCKHX RogspeHMit Vtena sHaunr MHoroe. He TompKo cipepoit waeoaormm orpa- Huunpaetca BausHne Pocca Bpuccentena Ha repos. Bpyccenaen nucatea. M, m0 mucumo Maewa, nucaten uacrosuuit — CUMHCTBEHHBIT © HACTOMMIMH xyTOKHMK, BetpeucHHBtit Ha nyTH K mpusHamo. To oTomy ero Bansine wa Vnewa-xynoxHn- Ka — BAMaHMe pewatouee. BcnomHuM, KAaKUMM CIOBAMH OH OMMCHIBAeT BIeYaT JeHUe, KOTOPOe NpousBen Ha Hero Bpuc- cenen: ,B Hem Goi oronb, HeoSsruainnas NpOHMUATeABHOCTs UM BOCTPHHMUHBOCTH, Kakas-To oco6as cBoGosa noneta MBIcAH. Tosopin on mpenocxoano. C ero ry6 cpsi- BAACb OCTPBIC, CAOBHO Ha craHKe OTTO- uennnie, caona, Ox KonoaM Ht pesaan. AB CHeRyIOUIMit MMT MX CMeHSLIM MaB- Hible, sboMMecd (pas, pacupeyeHHte SpKUMH MeHMTeNbHBIMA — OOpasamn, caoBHo 6m TauBuuMM B ce6e or6secK HenocTHxKKMOi KpacoTst 6xiTHa. Vnorma ero peu sBy'ana, Kak GoeBoit por, 30- ByWMit K 6ype M rpoxoTy KOCMHUECKOiK Gopr6si, sneHena, KaK cepe6po, cRepKama XOOnHBIM — GCCKOM 3BeaAHBIX M1po- crpancrs. B Heit Kpatko um ueTKo dop- MYAMPOBATHCh MlOcMeAHMe —3anoeRaHHa nayks. HB TO 2c BpeMs 9TO Obvia peu» TlooTa, MPOHUKHYTAR TEM BbICOKHM Mt He~ YAOBMMBIM, MeO HeAb3H BLIPASHT cI0- BAM, HO MOXHO aT MlOUyBCTBORATS B TeX TOHKHX HM CIOXHBIX accoMMALUsX, KOTOpHIe 9TH COBA MOpoxmaior. Ero yM~ CTBCHHBI B30P MPOHMKa.1, CAOBHO 4yOM, B KaKMe-TO MameKHe, HeOcTynHBIe weno- 82 Beueckomy omity o6sacTH, 0 KOTOpHX, Kasaroch, Henbsa Obino pacckasEibany OGuiKHOBeHHM si3itKom... Tlepea Huw 61 BonToMeHHBi wean MBIcANTeAA, wenonexk, jOCTOMHBI NOKIOHCHHS. 51 youxeH' noeprHyTécst B mpax nepe Hum", — moBTOps1 OH caMomy ce6e, c BocTOproM cayulat cBoero coBecemHHKa® UL, c. 194). O6pas Bpuccenaena uenrpaabuniit p pomaue npexne scero noTomMy, To 06- pagom 09Ta BBICTpoeHa MAcomOrHH po- MaHa, KOTOpbIit MOXAKHO M HY2HO Ha3BaTb pomatiom 0 xysoxHuKe. B WeHTpe moBe- CTBOBAHMA BIAMMOOTHOUICHHS XYAOXHMKA Mf oBuLecTBa, TOUHEe, TROPUECKO! JHUHO- crm w 6ypxyasHoro o6mectsa. He orpa- uaa H He npeyMeHbUIat BAMSHMS, KOTO- poe oxasa Bpuccenzen wa Vinena-nuca- Tens, Heo6xoNMMO OTMCTHTb, uTO Bpuc- cenzeH nonemuuen Vacny. Maconorus reopuecrsa Bpuccenaena nporneonocras- aeva weonorum Teopuectsa Vgena. Bpuccenzen’ — noar uncroro ncxyccrsa, npososrnacuBumii MpMHuMN ,,"cKyCCTRA aura uckyccra" Bypxyaswoe o6uectso He B COCTOAHMM NOHATH 1 no ToCToMACTBY OucHHTS xyZOxKHMKa, XyDOKHMK MHD wsHaYaAbHO BparKeOHs, HUKAKOi napn- TeTHBI QManor MexAyY HMMM HeBO3MO- ake. Commace xyiO%KHMKa C MUPOM 03- HauaeT Bceraa TOKO HopaxcHHe ero 06- mectnom. CamoyGuiicrso Bpuccenncua ecTb TopxecTRO ero UAcosOrHM TROPYECT- pa, Viaew ucxoaT M3 nlocbiaku, ut0 Ha- crosuero xyZOKHHKA OSuLeCTBO noaUN- HuTs ceGe He cMoxer. Eom on cHts- Mbit — OH BBIMrpaeT CxBATKY M sacTaBuT OSWIECTBO MIpHHAITS ero TAKUM, KaKOB OH ects. i koHeuHoe nopaxenue Vnewa — ‘Topxecrso wAeoxorMH Bpuccenewa-xy- aOKHUKa. Koueuno, qanHoe yraepxaenue Mox- HO OCHOpHTb, OCTaBAasich axe B paMKax Guorpadun Ilxexa Jlowowa, u oGpsc- Muh Mpaunutit cana pomana sWaHuiMn oGcrosremscrBaMu: TsxKeTBIM cbuHaHco- BBM nooxeHMeM JIOHAOHA B TO BpeMs, MpHHy>KNeHHOTO MHOTO TUCATb B KOMMCP- MeCKHX MeNSX, OCAOXKHUBUIMMUCH OTHO- MEHHSMM C MOAOTO! xeHO!, CeppesHEIMH npo6temamu co sqoposbem aT. 2. as wac BaxHee Apyroe — npHaHanHe HCK- ANOUNTeENbHO pom repos pomaHa 10umenn Pace Bpuccenmes 8 xkHSHM 1 TROP- ueckoit cyap6e nucatens no MMeHH Map- tu Vaex. [pias sanueckasannoe 3a AAHHOCTS HK NaMsTys 06 aBToGuorpaduy- HocTH poMaHa, 3aqaquM Bonpoc: a Gbia aM B XWBHH caMoro JxeKa JloHAoHAa Ta- Koi _wer0BeK? OGpatusuinch x 6uorpadun mucatens, mpi 6e3 Tpyfa ero o6Hapyxum. Ito — Ixopax Crepanur (1869 — 1926). VimcHio oH sbiseaen ion umenem Pocca Bpuccenzena. B oramume or Maprana Vinewa, Koropsiii wacro BecbMa aaaeK oT peanbvioro [bxexa Jlououa, Bpuccensen oGtapy2xnBaeT pasMTeAbHBIe YepTbI CxOL- crsa ¢ npotorsnom. 3xakomerso JxeKa JlonmoHa co Crep- amurom cocrossioch B 1901 roay, Korma nucatcab ye nosHar nepsbiit HacTos- uit yonex M yBepeHHo cTosa Ha nyTH x cute Gorburemy mpusnanmo, Crepanar Guin crapuie m Gonee o6pasoBaH. K mo- McHTY 3HaKOMCTBA C JIoHJOHOM OH NOYTH 11 aet npoxua sp Can-Opanmucko. Bai- xoacu ¢ BOCTONHOTO MOGeperxKbs CIA, 13 Hosoit Anramm, of nomy4it mpexpacHoe o6pasonaHHe M yxKe 10 dakTy poxAcHHst TpuHaniekan K MMyMIMM caosM obute- crea. B Kanmbopamn on cay>xi1 8 cbup- Me CBOeTO ASM NO MaTepHHCKOH AWK @ponka Xeiiperna — munanonepa, pas- Goraresuiero Ha cneKyaauMH HeABHDKH- Moctbio. Crepannr 6611 noaTOM HM cbus10- codom. Craxw oH Haan mucaTh emte B aeTcTHe, a ;HOUIe MoANaN nox BAMAHHE U3neCTHOTO B TO BPeMs MOOTA M KATOAH- ueckoro casutenHuKa [Koa Baxncrepa To6Ga. MuctHk m poMaHTHK, OH cram nlepabim sMTepaTypHBIM HaCTaBHUKOM Ha- unHaloulero TlozTa HBO MHOTOM mpcson- peremin ero nosaHeliume xyaoxecr- BeHHBIC MpHcrpactus, ero scretuxy [2, c. 16). Byayumit oor poauaca B peaurnos- Hoi ceMbe. Poguren-KaTomMKn onpene- JIMaM eMy Kapbepy CBSIIEHHMKa M OTHaAH yuuTDCA B KATOAMMECKYIO ceMHHapHO, AawaBUlyio MSpaqHy! MORTOTOBKY MB APYTUX OGACTAX 3HAHHS MOMHMO TCOMO- ria. OgHako Crepamar cemuaapun He OKoHYMA, Mpeppan o6y4eHHe Ha MOCAER- Hem Kypce [2, c. 19]. Pasouaposanuio B Ppeaurnn cnoco6crBoBat0 yBIcYeHHe 9B0- snounonHoit Teopeli Tep6epra Cnence- Pa,OXBaTHBUICe B TO BpeMs NOyOGHO SNH AeMUn GyKBaNbHO BCIO MATeATeKTYAAD- nyo Amepuxy [4, c. 34]. Ho cpean anen- TOR coMMATbHOTO AapsMAnaMa CrepanHr MaxomWIcd Heq010 — BCHOMHUM, KaK Bpuccenaen nocmenpanca naa. cnencepi- aucraom Hmuueancrsom Vaewa, — yxe 8 Kaampopuun on yeneKca couna- AIMCTHMECKHMM WeAMH Mt OCTaaca coun AAbHBIM YTONMCTOM Ha BCIO 2KUSHD. Ixopaxy Crepamury, xcraru, Jlonaon BO MHOTOM OGs3aH HM CBONMM BecbMa pa- suai yOexncHHaMM — MMcHHO TOT, HO BOCHOMMHAHMSM ux OGulero apyra Tbxoseda Hosa, epen Jlougona 8 cpeay coumanuctos nu pesomounorepos 15, c. 31]. Crepauur 1 Jlonz0n oco6eHHo GansKu Goin B nepuoa 1901 — 1905 roaos. Has MUX 970 ObIAM Henpoctsic rob. B TBOp- MeCKOM MutaHe 06a HAXOAIIMCS Ha MoAb eme — Crepanury Goby! usBectHoct Mpunecan nooTHueckne kHurH ,,CBnaC- remwcTBo HeGec* Mm ococHHO CGopHiK »Buxo onue6crea", JlonnoH nosHan Mu- posyi0 CaBy Kak aBTOp ,,CCBEpHBIX“ pac- cKagop u ,MopcKoro BonKka" B To xe Bpema uM TOT M Apyroi nepexupann Ts- xeAyIO AMMHy!O apaMy — 06a Guin Ha TpaH pasnoxa, nosromy o6menne, m0- MHOKEHHOe Ha AMYHYIO MpHssHb u OOUMMe uurepecsi, 6s10 ANA HX HacTosueli oraymmnol [2, c. 31]. Konewno, caasa JIonnona He Oniza panna uspectHocra Crepaunra. Ho Tor 4 Apyrod He Obl TuWecaaBHDI, MpeKpac- HO COsHaBas 9ceMepHOcTS Cex 9TUX mpusHakos ycnexa. Crepauur ocrapanca B oTOi nape Beayuwm, a JlonzoH — Be- gomsim, [lia vero Crepamur Guia crap- ui Tosapumem — Gone MyappIM, uC- kycusim, o6pasonanneim. Ha ucxone 1905 roaa ux recHoe 06- menme saKoHunaoce. Kaxauit mnoues cxoeit aoporoii. Jlonnox, caeays cpoemy ObilecTBeEHHOMY TeMnepameHTy, ¢ ro70- Boi OKYHYJICa B AKTHBHY!O nomMTHUe- ckylo H aMTepatypHy!o xu3HD, Crepaunr QROMOUMOHMPOBAN B MpOTHBOTOAOKHYIO cropony. Bepusiit yGexaenmio o nary6- HOM BansaHHM 6ypxyasHoro OGmeCTBA Ha XYMOAKHUKA M YTOMMYCCKHM WuIeaTaM, OH nokugaet Can-OpanuwcKo w cosnacr ap- THCTHYECKY!0 KOOHIO Ha MYCTHIHHOM 83waMammueckom Gepery Tuxoro oKeaHa, B Mecreuke nox Hasnannem Kapmea [3, c. 220]. Bonee uem wa aecaTe acT (1905 — 1916 roms) ara KoMMyHa crama cBocro poxa Mexxoii 118 amepuKancKux nostoa HM xysoxHukos, a Crepsmur — MpH3HaHHbIM rraBoi BonIOMeHHOK YTo- nim. Ta Hero 970 Guim, BeposTHo, ca- MBC JAYUIHE TOM XHGHI — BO BCAKOM cayuac, HanGonee naozoTBOpHBIc ¢ TBOP- ueckoli Touxu spenus. Mxexy Jlontony ¢ cro KunyuuM TemmepaMeHToM focTynoK Crepaunra nawepaka Kasaca no MeHb- uieli Mepe crpaHiuim, a MoxeT OniTb, 1 cymacueamium — cBoero poxa 206po- BONDHLIM yxonoM 43 2%usHH. BeposTHo, uMeHHO HogToMy 8 ,Maprine Mxeue™ Pace Bpucceuxen Konuaer 2KH3Hb CaMo- yOuiicraom. B 1906 — 1916 romax JLxex Jlonzon ut Ibxopax Crepanxr scrpewaance Heon- HOKpaTHO, HO 6aM3z0cTH, ¥TO 6biIa Mpex- je, Ye HC BOSHHKIO — H3MeHHIaCh XXUGHb, Hl OHM CAHUIKOM H3MCHIZIHCS. TbKopaxx Crepauur na aecats ner me- pexna cnoero apyra u ymep B 1926 roay. Ho sce-rakn 8 cMepri 6pi10 HeHTO Mi cruueckoe: ri6epio BpHccenicHa »Maprune Vaexe" Jlonaon 3a aBaauars det mpenckasan tparwueckuit dpanaa Tpxopaxxa Crepaunra: on xelicrauTembHO TOKOHUHA XM3Hb CaMOyGHHCTBOM (KaK B pomare Apyra), BBICTPeTMB M3 PeROAbRE- pa B ronopy. BMBMOFPADMYECKMA CIMCOK 1 Jloaon Jbx. Mapran Maen // Co6p. cox. B10 t. Mz @aGp, 1993. T. 4, 443 c 2. Benediktsson Th. George Sterling. Boston: ‘Twayne Publ., 1980. 183 p. 3. Hahn E, Romantic Rebels. An Informal History of Bohemianism in America. Boston: ‘The Riverside Press, 1967. 356 p. Tocmynusa 05.06.2000. 4. Hofstadter R. Social Darwinism in American Thought. Boston: The Beacon Press, 1959. 248 p. 5. Noel J. Footloose in Arcadia: Personal Record of Jack London, George Sterling, Ambrose Bierce N.Y: Carrick & Evans, 1940, 330 p. STHOrPA® ,,NOSTHYHOrO MOPJIBAHA* 10. A. MMUIAHMH, kanauaar ucropuueckux wayK, H. PYCAEBA, cryaenrKa B. B. Beppu, uapectunii counosor, nyGammnct m Gexnerpuct, 611 sHaKom umraioue ~Poccum nox nCeBxOHHMOM H. @aeponcxwit. On poanrcs 28 anpens (10 was) 1829 r, 8 Pasanu. Ero nercrs0 Mpoui10 B MMeHuM orHa B Byrypycaan- ckom yeane Camapcxoit ryGepaim (ceiiuac Opex6yprexoit o6nactn) [11, c. 113]. H, BMAMMO, Tam Bacwtnii Bacstbesuy xopo- W1O MOSHAKOMWJICA C 2KU3HbKO MOPZOBCKON aepesun BaitrepMuut, KoTopyio onucax B Geanerpuctayeckom 4eGiore — moBecTH »B rayum B nponssenenun, ony6anKo- BaHHOM To TIceanoHMMom B. B-1 5 2xYp- 84 nane ,Cospemennux“ p 1856 r., pucyer- ca KapruHa Hpapos, ycToes, Tpaanunil, Geta MopaoACKOrO NopedopMeHHOTO Kpe~ crsaucrea. Ono oTkpuBanoch raasoli »Mopaoncxas nepesna [6, c. 163 — 228}. Aprop onmcupan ,,markme KoHTypH MOCKUX XOAMOB“, KOTOPBIC ,,pacTsIrMBa- AUCH JUIMHHLIM H3BOIOKOM, BILTOTH 10 ca- Moro ropusoHTa", ,mMozoHoi GepesHuK" M aec, TO, yMepenongaa Yepes Topy.. JUMHHOM OCTpOKOHEYHOH KOCO! nporarH- BaNCs K ZOAMNe, KAK 6yaTO Gul XOTeN ce nocrar» [6, c. 163]. Bua Gs aazcxuit, © 10. A. Muwanmn, H. Pycsena, 2000