sare KHOA DIEN GIAO TRINH AueMuc luc fo XAC BINH CAC LOAI SU’ CO TRONG KHi cy [2] Pane Zi CONTACTOR, CB Gs] RO LE NHIET, CAU CHL Ba E[EONGT rcp- mtr BIBAO VE SY'CO DONG RO Ga SENSOR - CAM BIEN G4 Se | Bho ve QUA DONG, MAT PHA cAT cemio@§ CC XAC BINH, MO TA, KHAC PHYC CAC LOAI SY CO TRONG KH CY BIEN DONG CAT. ~-mLcr-- 1. Mye Tiéu. ED Rén luyén ky nang thao tac, do dém, xée dinh céc sy cd trong khi cy dign. ‘Dua ra cde quyét dinh sita chita, khic phuc sy c6. . Rén luyén thao téc lip rap mach véi céc khi cy déng edt IL Tom Luge Ly Thuyét. ‘Trong phan nay, sinh vin tham khao vn dé lién quan dén céc khi cy dién: contactor, ri le trung gian, ro le thai gian, " CONTACTOR. 1) Cong Dyng. Contactor 1 m6t logi khf cy dign ding dé déng ngdt cdc tiép diém, tao lién lac trong mach dién bang mit nhdn. Khi sit dung contactor, ta c6 thé diéu khién mach dién ti xa c6 phy tai vdi dign &p én SOOV va dong lén dén 600A (vi tri didu khién trang théi hoat dong cla contactor rit xa vj tri cée tip diém dong ngdt mach dién). 2) Cu Tao Va Nguyén Ly Hoat Dong. a. Cffu tao: Contactor duge c&u tao gém cdc thanh phan : co cfu dién ti (nam chim dign), hé théng dp hé quang, hé thong tip diém (tiép diém chinh va phu). v Nam cham dign gdm cée thank phén sau: + Cudn day tgo ra lye hit dign ti, + L6i s&t ti (mach ti) cia nam chim gém hai phan: phan 4 cd dink, va phan ndp di dong. L6i s&t tir c6 thé 06 dang EE, EI hay dang CI. Dugc ghép ti céc 1a thép méng lai véi nhau. Mach tir ding 48 dinb hung ti, gidm tiv thong tn ra ngoai khong Khi. + Ld xo phan lyc c6 tc dung diy phin ndp di dng trd vé vj tri ‘ban ddu khi ngiing cung cp dign vao cugn day. Hinh 1.1 trinh bay cdiu tao cila contactor. ‘TN Khi Cy Big Trang 2Mach tit e6 dinh [ox a 2. 2 Trang théi md ‘Trang théi d6ng Binh 1.1 ¥ — Hé thong dap hé quang ign: H6 quang dién sé xudt hién khi contactor déng ngdt mach dién trong trang thai c6 tdi. HO quang dién dét chéy, lam mdn dan cdc tiép diém, trang thai ti€p dién cla cdc tiép diém kém dan. Vi vay céin cb hé théng d4p hé quang, hé théng dip hd quang gém nhiéu vach ngin Jam bing kim loai dat canh bén hai tiép diém tiép xtic nhau, thu@ng 3 cdc tiép diém chinh ciia contactor. Y — Hé th0ng tip aiém cia contactor: Hé thong tiép diém lién hé vdi phan Idi tit di déng qua b6 phan in dng vé co. Tay theo kha nang tai dn qua cdc tiép diém, ta c6 thé chia cdc tip diém cita contactor thanh hai loai: + Tip diém chinh: Chiu duce dong dién Ién di qua, ding trong mach dong Ive. + Tigp diém phy: Chiu duge dong dién nhd( 5A, tiép diém phu c6 hai trang théi: thu@ng dong va thuBng hd, thing ding 1am tip diém diéu khién trong mach diéu khién). Theo mOt sO két cfu théng thudng cila contactor, cdc tiép diém phy cé thé duc lién két cf dinh vé sé lung trong méi bé cotactor, con lai khi cdin mé r6ng thém tiép diém phu ding cho mach diéu khién 6 thé ding céc b6 tiép diém phy riéng ré két ndi thém vao két cau contactor. TN KhiCy Dien ‘Trang3i b. Nguyén If hoat dong. Khi cp nguén dién bing gid tri din 4p dinh mifc cila contactor yao hai ddu cia cugn day quan trén phin 16i tit co dinh, life dién tt do cun day tao ra hit phan 16i tit di dng hinh thanh mach ti kin (lye ti 16n hon phan Ive cia 10 xo), contactor 6 trang thi hoat dong. Liic nay nbd vao bé phan lién dOng vé co gitta 16i tty di dong va hé thong tiép diém lam cho ti€p diém chinh déng lai, tiép diém phu chuyén déi trang théi (thuting d6ng mé ra, thyting mé déng Iai) va duy t trang thdi may. Khi ngung cp dién cho cugn day, 1d xo phdn life day n&p mach tit hd ra, cdc tiép diém tré vé trang th4i ban dau. Cc ky higu ding biéu dién cho cugn day (nam chim dién) trong contactor va c4c loai tiép dim. KY HI£U THEO TIRU CHU: PAI CHAU AU MY LIEN xO LUQNG Mach Mach Mach Mach Mach Mach didu Dong lye diéu | dongle} digu | dong lve khién khién khién CUONDAY ome (NAM a $ CHAM BIEN) a TiEP DIEM THUONG | —X— te DONG TIE DIEM mavoxs | | 2S} 4K] SAR 4r-|ar HO J ‘TNKhiCy Dign Trang 42 3) Céc Thong $6 Co Ban Cia Contacte a. Dign dp dink mite: Dign 4p dinh mite cla contactor (Ugg) 18 dign 4p dat vao hai div cnn day cia nam cham dign dé mach ty hat lai, Cun day hit 06 thé lam viéc binh thu®ng 6 dién ép trong gidi han (85-105)% dién Sp dinh mite cia cugn day. Th6ng s6 nay duige ghi trén nhan dat & hai ddu cudn day contactor, ho§e AC hoe DC. b. Dang dién djnh mite: Dang dign dinh mic ciia contactor (Igq) 1a ddng dién qua tigp diém chinh 8 trang théi lam vigc léu dai, thai gian contactor 6 trang thai dong khOng qué 8 gid. Dang dign dinh mife ciia contactor ha ap théng dung 06 céc céip a: 10A, 20, 2A, 40A, 60A, 75A, 100A, 150A, 250A, 300A, 600A. Néu contactor dt trong tii dién thi dong dién dinh mic phai lay thap hon 10% vi lam kém mét, dong dién cho phép qua contactor cdn phai Ity tha’p hon nifa trong ché a6 lam vige dai han. ec. Kha nang cat va kha nang déng: Kha ning ct cila contactor dién xoay chiéu dat bi s6 dén 10 lan dong dign dinh mite véi phy tai diGn ebm. Kha nang d6ng: contactor dién xoay chiéu ding dé khéi dong d6ng cd dién can phai c6 khd nang déng ti 4 dén 7 lin Len . Tui tho cia contactor: ‘Tudi tho ciia contactor duge tinh bing s6 lan d6ng md, sau sé Van dong mé Ay thi contactor sé bi héng va kh6ng ding duc. e. Tén sf thao téc: La s6 lin déng edt contactor trong mét gid. C6 c&e cip: 30, 100, 120, 150, 300, 600, 1200, 1500 lin /h, £. Tinh 6n dinh Ic dign dong: Ti€p diém chinh cia contactor cho phép mét ddng dién I6n di qua (khoang 10 lin dong dién dinh mifc) ma luc dién dng khong lam tach rdi tiép diém thi contactor c6 tinh 6n dinh lye dién dng. g. Tinh én dinh nhi¢t: Contactor c6 tinh 6n dinh nhiét nghia 1a khi c6 dong dién ngdn mach chay qua trong mOt khodng thdi gian cho phép, céc tiép diém khéng bj néng chay va han dinh Iai. 4) Cée Ché DO Sit Dung Contactor : Contactor dong ct mach dign chil y€u Ia céc loai dong oo, do a6 ngoai trang thai djnh mite 6 xem xét céc diéu kign déng mé, qué tinh TNKhiCu ign Trang $Gum khdi dong nang nhe, dio chiéu, ham... Sau day 1a céc logi ché 46 sit dung ciia contactor. Contactor xoay chiéu : a. ACI: Qui dinh gid tri dong dign dink mite qua cdc tip diém chinh cia contactor, khi contactor duige chon Iya dé déng ngit cho nhitng thiét bi, khi cu dign, cdc loai phu tdi xoay chiéu o6 hé s6 cOng suat ft nhat phai bing 0,95 (cos 20,95). Vi dy ding cho nhing dign trd 3 dang sudi dm, Iu6i phan phéi c6 hé s6'cOng sut Ion hon 0,95. b. AC2: Contactor khi duige chon Ifa theo trang thai nay, ding 48 knéi dong phanh nhép nhd (plugging), phanh nguge (reverse current braking) cho dong co khong dng b6 rotor day quéin. Khi céc tigp diém contactor déng kin mach, hinh thanh dong dign khdi dong, gid ti dong dign nay bing khong 2,5 lin dong dign dinh mifc ca dng od. Khi céc tiép diém contactor hd mach, ngdt dong dign khdi Ong cba dng cd, dign Ap xudt hign gitta hai cfc cia tiép dim khong Ién hon dién 4p dinh mite cia nguén dién cung cap. Vidu nhu d6ng cd 3 méy in, nang hang.. c. ACI: Contactor khi duge chon Iya theo trang thdi nay, ding dé déng ngit d6ng cd khong déng b6 rotor Iéng séc trong suét céc qué trinh van hanh thong thing. Khi cde tiép diém contactor déng kin mach, hink thanh dong ign khdi dGng, c6 gid tri bing khéang 5 dén 7 lin gid ui dong dién inh mite cla dng cd. Khi céc tip diém contactor hd mach, ngét dong ign dinh mic cia dng cd, Ike d6 dién 4p xudt hign gitta hai eye cla tiép diém chi lén khodng 20% dién 4p dinh méc cia nguén dién cung cffp. Vi dy nh: céc déng co léng séc thong dung: déng co thang may, bang chuyén, cén cdu, may nén, my diéu hda nhiét 46. a AC4: Contactor khi duge chon Iva theo trang thai nay ding dé khéi ng, phanh nhdp nbd, phanh ngugc...d6ng co khong ding b6 rotor ling s6c. Khi cdc tip diém contactor 46ng kin mach, ti dong dién dink, c6 gid tri Ding khodng 5 dén 7 lan gid tri dong din dinh mite ciia dong TN KhiCy Dign Trang 6oS cd. Khi efic tiép diém contactor hd mach, ngt dong dign tai gid wi lon ‘ong tur nhu néu trén, Ide a6 dign 4p xust hién gitta hai cue cba tigp diém I6n bing mic dién 4p dinh mite cia nguén dién cung céip. Loai niy duge sit dung cho cfc dng co khéng déng b6 rotor lng s6c trong méy in, may nang hing, trong cong nghiép luyén kim. Contactor m§t chiéu : a, DCL: Céc contactor mang ky higu DCI dng déng edt cho tat cd cfc phy t&i m6t chiéu c6 thoi hing (T = L/R) nhé hon hay bing Ims. DCI duge sit dung cho céc h6 tiéu thu, phy t4i khéng c6 tinh cim {ing ode tinh cdm ting bé, cdc Id dién trd b. DC2: Cée contactor mang ky higu DC2 duge sit dung 4€ dong ngit mach d6ng co mé6t chiéu kich ti song song. Hing s6 thdi gian cia mach tdi khoang 7,5 ms. Khi cdc tiép diém déng kin mach hinh thanh dong dién khéi dong, dong dién nay 6 gid tri khong 2,5 ln dong dién dinh mie cla dong co. Khi tiép diém ca contactor ngdt mach, cét dong dién dink mite dong co; Ic 46 dién 4p xudt hign gitta hai cuc cia tiép dim Ja ham sé phy thugc theo sic phin dién cla phén ting ddng co, su ngdt mach xdy ra nhe nhang. . DC3: Cée contactor mang ky higu nay duige sit dung trong cdc trang hgp khéi d6ng, phanh nhip nha, hay phanh nguyc céc dong co mot chidu kich ti song song. Thdi hing ciia mach ti nhé hon 2 ms. Khi céc tip diém dong kin mach hinh thanh dong dién khdi dong, dong dign cé gié tri khodng 2,5 Kin ding dign dink mic cha déng co. Khi cdc ti€p diém ciia contactor ng&t mach, cét dong dién c6 gid tri Khong 2,5 ln gid trj dong dién dinh mifc qua mach cia d6ng cd, Ide 46 dién 4p xuat hién gitfa hai cue cha tiép diém c6 thé Ldn hon dién 4p ngudn cung cp. Bign dp xudt hién 16n khi te 46 quay cila déng ed thdp, site phin dign cla phin ting 6 gid tri thép, sv ngdt mach xdy ra nang né thifc hién kh6 khan. a. DCA: ‘TN Kf Cy Bien ‘Trang?Gum) Céc contactor mang kf higu nay duge sit dung déng ngét mach phy tdi 1a dong co mot chiéu Kich tiv ndi tiép. Thai hing ea mach phy tdi khoding 10ms. Khi cdc tigp diém dong kin mach hinh thanh dong dign khdi dong dong dién nay c6 gid tri khodng 2,5 ln ddng dign dinh mite cba dong co. Khi céc tip diém cba contactor ngét mach, ct dong dign co gid tri khodng 1/3 lén gid tri dong dign dinh mite qua mech cia dong Ide 46 dién Ap xudt hign gita hai cue cia tiép diém khodng 20% 4ién 4p ngudn cung cfp.Trong pham vi ting dung nay 0 lan déng eft trong mét gid c6 thé gia tng. Sy ngdt mach xay ra nhe nhang. e. DCS: Céc contactor mang ky higu nay duge sit dung khdi dong, phanh ngwic, dao chiéu quay déng co mot chiéu kich tir néi tigp. Thdi hing cla mach phu tdi nhé hon hay bang 7,5 ms. Khi ode tip diém d6ng kin mach hinh thanh dong dign dinh 6 gid 2,5 Hin ddng dign dinh mite cia d6ng 0, Khi cde tigp digm cila contactor ngét mach, cét dong dign c6 gid (ti lon khoding gid tri ddng dign dinh néu trén; Kéc 46 dign 4p xuat hign gilfa hai cye cila tiép diém 1dn bang mite dién 4p nguén cung cp. SY ngft mach xdy ra kho khan, § R&LE TRUNG GIAN. RO le trung gian dude sit dung chi yéu trong cée mach diéu khién, ding khi cdn mé rong tiép diém diéu khién. C6 cfu tao va nguyén ly hoat dong ging nhwf contactor. Rd le trung gian khéc vdi contactor khOng ¢6 bo tiép digm chinh chiu ddng 6n cia mach d6ng lye. TIMER ON/OFF DELAY. (Ri le thai gian ) 1) Cong dung : RO le thdi gian [A mot khf cu dién ding dé diéu khién d6ng, mo cdc thiét bi diéu khién theo thdi gian dinh truéc. R& le thai gian gdm: ‘mach tiy cia nam chém dién, b6 dinh thdi gian lam bling linh kién dign tit, hé théing ti€p diém chiu dong dién nhd (< 5A), vd bio vé va che chan ra tip diém-Tay theo yéu cdu sit dung khi Ifp rap hé thong mach digu khién truy€n dOng, ta c6 hai logi r& le thdi gian: 13 le ON delay, r8le OFF delay. 2) ON DELAY: TR TR ¥ Ky higu cugn day: Ms ote Dign ép dat vao hai ddu cudn day le dude ghi trén mhiin, thong thu@ing : 110V, 220V... ‘TKR Cu Dign Trang 8Gum) ¥ Ky higu hé thong tip diém Co hai dang ti€p diém, tiép diém tac dong tte thoi va tip diém téc ng c6 thdi gian té. Tiép diém tac dng khong tinh thd gian:( tiép dim tie thai ) ip diém nay hoat dang twong ty céc tip diém ca rd le trung gian. TR TR ‘Thudng dong: —\— hoje pe aR Thutmghd : —S— hose Tiép diém tac d6ng cé tinh thai gian: (tiép diém tré ) Tigp diém thuting mé déng chim md nhanh: XLIR poge Se Ti€p diém thudng d6ng m3 chim dong nhanh: AER ode ae Y Nguyén If hoat dong: Khi cp ngudn vio cun day ciia r8 le thai gian, ede tigp diém tide thai chuyén déi trang théi (thudng déng thinh thudng hé, thing ‘hd thanh thudng déng), céc tip diém té git nguyén trang thai. Sau Khoang thi gian da dinh tru6c, cdc tiép diém tré chuyén trang thai va uy tr trang thai nay 4én khi net ngudn cung ed cho ri le. Sau day 14 so 43 chan, hinh dang ciia r0-le thi gian ON delay: any ONcear neu ee mw eT ‘TNKhi Cy ign ‘Trang 93) OFF DELAY: ¥ Ky higuCudn day: . 7. Le TR Dign dp dat vao hai dau cugn day ro-le thai gian duvge ghi tren hin, thong thuting : 110V, 220V. Y — He thong tiép diém: Tiép diém tac déng khéng tinh thai gian: ( tip diém tec thé ti€p diém nay hoat déng tuong ty cdc tiép diém cila ra-le trung gian. IR = Thuong aéng: —S— _hoge a aR TR Thwngh8 : —~— hoc j- Tiép diém tic d6ng cé tinh thdi gian : ( tiép diém tré) Tiép diém thutsng mé dong nhanh mé cham: Ge Hoac Sk ‘Tigp diém thutsng dong mé nhanh déng cham: a Hoac Y — Nguyén If hoat dong: Khi cf’p nguén vao cugn day cia ré-le, céc tip diém téc dong ‘ufc thoi va duy tr trang thai ny. Khi nguing cap nguén vao cudn cic tiép diém tic thi trd vé trang théi ban dau, cdc ti€p diém tré rd vé trang théi ban dau sau mt khodng thdi gian da dinh trén timer. Sau day 1a so 48 chan, hinh anh cia ro-le thai gian OFF delay: ry oe, © cous a o"o ie TN KhiCy Dien ‘Trang 10Go) TIL Thye Nghigm. 1) Chudn bj vat tu, thiét bj: 2 Ding hé do da n’ing VOM. BO Vit cde logi. S Day néi, 2) Tién hinb do dign va do khéng dign, ghi két qua e6 durge vao bing sau: | ky | Ténkhi | Hién wong do | Hién tugng | Dy kién sy higu | cw khong dign._| do c6 dign . I st iti php ‘TNKhi Cu Din Trang 12—_— ‘TN KhiCu Dia Trang 13GJ 3) Khio sit cdc tiép diém timer ON delay, (thdi gian dat :20s) Do céc tiép diém, cp ngudn, va vé gidn dé thdi gian timer ON delay. Voi tiép diém: dong lén 1, md xudng 0, Vdi ngudn; dng lén 1, ngdt xuéng 0. m™m bP ih me. 9 t | / t m_! t a a “IT 0 ' / t TR + \ | FHT gp LW 1 qe 4) Khao sat cdc tiép diém timer OFF delay.(théi gian dt :20s) Do céc ti€p diém, cp nguén, vé gidin dé thdi gian timer ON delay. Vdi tip diém: déng lén 1, md xudng 0. V6i ngudn: d6ng lén 1, ngdt xuGng 0. ’ ! | t mT 1 bo a ae “Il 0 ' i | t m1 a FF ol —_———, m1 + : ol __j / ! t mR +} + — . 0 ‘TINKhi Cy Bigs Trang 14God 5) Déu ndi va thye hign mgch dign. Trinh bay nguyén ly 1am viéc cia mach, lp mach diéu khién nhu so 48 én hinh ve hinh 1.4) inh 14 ‘Trinh bay nguyén ly am vige ca mach 6 hinh 1.4: IV. Bi Tép. Sinh vién thyc hién céc cau héi va bai tap dé hoan tat bai hoc. L. Trinh bay céng dung, cfu tgo va nguyén ly hoat d6ng contactor kiéu dia ww. 2, Thanh phén nao thugc két cfu trong contactor quyét dinh tudi tho contactor ? 3, Phan bigt contactor dién tit va r8 le trung gian. 4, Khu ti cue trong contactor ding mue dich gi ? 3 5, Phin biét cdc ché a6 lam vige trong contactor. 6. Mach tiv trong contactor xoay chiéu duge ghép tY cdc 14 s&t tit méng lai v6inhau a€ 1am gi? 7. Phan bigt timer On delay v6i timer Off delay. A chic cdc ban hoc t6t i thich ? ooo ‘IN Khf Cy Dign ‘Trang 15L Contactor va CB --sofca-- |. Myc Tiéu. * Sinh vign can ndm 16 cdc Ac tinh, thong s6 ky thudt cia khi cy dign digu khign, dong cat. ‘ _ Sinh vign thao tée, xée dinh céc thong s6, va xay dung céc dae tuyén odin thiét cia khi cy, So sénh gitta thc nghiém va ly thuyét. Ung dung céc dae tuyén trong tinh todn, chon Iya va bao dudng khi cu. Tém Luge Ly Thuyét. . ‘Trong phan nay, sinh vién tham khdo van dé lién quan dén cdc khi cy dign: Contactor ( tham khéo myc Il, bai TN1). © CB (Circuit Breaker ). 1) Cong dyng. _ CB Ia khi cy dign diing 48 déng mach tgo lign lac trong mech dign, va ngat mach khi phia sau CB c6 sy c6 vé mach dién nhu qué tai, ngdin mach, sut 4p .., 2) Céu tao va nguyén ly hogt dong. Cu tao gdm cde b6 phn chinh : BO tiép diém dong cit, bo truyén dong déng cit, budng dap hé quang phat sinh, co edu cat su 08. % Bé tiép diém dong cit: CB thug duge ché tao c6 hai cap tiép diém (tip diém chinh va tiép diém hd quang), hodc ba cdip ti€p diém (tiép diém chinh, tiép diém phy, tiép diém hd quang). Khi déng mach, tiép diém hd quang d6ng trudc, tip theo la tiép diém phy, sau cing 1a tiép diém chinh. Khi c&t mach thi ngude lai, tigp diém chinh mé tuéc, sau dn tiép diém phy, cudi cng [a tiép diém hé quang. Nhu vay hé quang chi ch4y tén tiép diém hé quang, do 46 bao vé dug tiép diém chinh dé dan dién. Ding them tip diém phu dé trénh hd quang chdy lan vao lam hu hai tiép diém hint, + Budng dip hé quang. ‘Trong buéng dap hé quang thong dung, ngudi ta dng nhitng tim thép xép thanh Ludi ngin, 4@ phan chia hd quang thank nhiéu doan ngdn thugn Idi cho viéc dip tt hd quang. © Co cau truyén dong cat ‘Thytc hign truyén d6ng cé thé bing tay, ho&c co dién. ‘TN Khi Cu ign Trang 15(pana) Thye hign truyén dng bing tay thuding ding cho cdc loai CB 6 dong lam viéc nbd va trung binh ( < 600A). Dé ting Iyc dong edt nguosi ta thuding si dung thém cénb tay Ite. Thue hign trayén déng bing cd dién ( lye din tl, déng co, khi nén, . .) thudng ding cho céc loai CB c6 dong dién kam vig I6n. Cociu cht sy c6: CB ty dgng cit khi c6 sy c& sau 18 nbd co cfu cit su 06, thudng 6 hai loai : eo cdu oft nhigt va co cfu ct dign tit. Co cau ct nhiét c6 cau tao tutong ty r8 le nhigt, dang cho khi tring hgp sau CB bj qué tdi. Méc kiéu dign ti c6 cugn day m&c ndi tip véi mach chinh, cuén day nay dutge quéin tiét dign Idn chiu dong tdi va it vong. Khi dong ign vugt qué tri s6 cho phép thi phan ting bj hut va méc sé dép vao Kh6p roi wy do, lam tiép diém cla CB mé ra, Digu chinh vit dé thay 46 Ic khdng ciia 10 xo, ta c6 thé diéu chinh duige tri s& dong dién tée dong. Dé gid thdi gian trong bdo vé qué 14i kigu dign ti, ngudi ta thém mét co cu gid thdi gian (vi dy banh xe rang nhu trong co cfu déng hd). Méc kiéu role nhiét don gidn hon ca, c6 két cu tuong ty nh role nhiét o6 phan wt phat néng du néi tiép véi mach diéa chinh, tm kim loai kép gin nd 1am nbd khép roi ty do 4é mé tigp diém ella CB khi c6 qué tdi, Kidu nay 06 thiéu s6t 1a quén tinh nbigt Ion nén khOng ngdt nhanh dugc dong dién tang vot khi cé ngiin mach, do 46 chi bao vé duge dong dién qué tai. Vi vy ngu®i ta thudng sit dung téng hgp cd méc kigu din wr va moc kiéu role nhiét trong mot CB. Loai nay duge ding 8 CB cé dong dién dinh mic dén 600A. ‘Méc bio vé sut dp (cdn goi 1a bio vé dién dp thip) cing thudng ding kiéu dién tit. Cugn day m&c song song vdi mach dién chinh, cugn day nay duge quén ft vong véi day tiét dign nbd chi dign dp nguén. 7" te = re Cite iy lo v8 gud one load ap Hinh 21 ‘TNKhi Cu Dign Trang 16Gig 3. Phan logi va céch Iya chon CB Theo két céfu, ngudi ta chia CB ra ba loai: mét eye, hai eye va ba eye. Theo thdi gian thao téc, ngudi ta chia CB ra loai tic dGng khng tie ‘th8i vA logi tc dng tie thai (nhanh). Sau day 1 dang afc tuy€n A —s cia m6t CB.( hinh 2.2) ) Dong dink mite "Diu chinh thai gian tée dng qué tdi Dong the Abn t8e thd: (ngdn mach) ‘Thai gian the déng tte thai ke In WA) inh 2.2. ‘V6i mot s6 loai MCCB, gid tr I; va Ip 1A 06 thé diéu chink duige. Theo dic tuy€n A ~s, Tq = nlgy ngudi ta phin ra céc logi B.C,D.Z va ‘MA tu) theo gid tin nhu sau : logi B (n= 3.2 + 4.8); loaiC (n=4 +7); loai D (n= 7+ 10 ); loai Z(n=2.5 +3.8) va loai MA (n =10). ‘Vige Iya chon CB, chil yéu dya vao : = Dong dién tinh todn di trong mach. = Dong dign qué tdi, ng&n mach qua CB. CB théa min diéu kién nay phai dya trén gid tri tic dong tife thoi va kha nang ct cia CB, - Khi CB thao téc phai c6 tinh chon loc gitfa CB véi tdi, gitta CB vGi cic loai khi cu d6ng c&t bao vé kh4c nhu cau chi, 13 le nhiét. Ngoai ra Iya chon CB cdn phai cn ctf vao dic tinh 1am viée cba phu tai 1a CB khéng du¢e phép ct khi c6 qué tdi ngdin han thudng xdy ra trong diéu kign lam viée bin thing nhu dong dién khdi dong, dong ign dinh trong phu tdi cng nghiép. Va phdi phdi hgp CB véi cép dién phia sau CB. TINKAICy Dign ‘TrangBai IN2 ‘Sau day 1a mOt s6 hinh anh cia CB hang Merlin Gerin ( Hin 23) inh 2.3 TN Kh Cu Bign ‘Trang 18In. Thye Nghigm. 1) Chuan bj vat tu, thiét bj: 4 Xe thi nghiém Contactor, xe thi nghiém MCCB. BO dd nghé, VOM, Ampere ké kep, day ndi. “ — Gido trinh huéng dan thi nghiém. 2) Xfiy dyng dic tuyén A- s MCCB va MCB : A. MCCB, So 5 thi nghigm : ( Hinh 2.4) Timor if 220v~ MCCB N Variac 1KVA CT AKVA 1/100 © Ampére kém Hinh 2.4 Cae bude tién hanh : Chinh Variac vé mic OV. ES Lip mach dign nhu hinh vé ( Hinh 2.4), E Déng CB cp ngudn cho mach dign. ( Timer hién thj thoi gian, tuy nhién thai gian nay khong duge tinh). 2 Diéu chinh nhanh Variac dé duge gid tr dong dién qua MCCB - hign th trén Ampere kém (1,,), theo timg cOt nhur trong bang 2.1 Cat ngudn cung cdp cho mach ign, khéng chinh variac, timer trove trang t Déng ngudn lai cho dong dign qua MCCB, tai lie MCCB ngit, ghi lai gid tri thai gian, dong dién vao bang 2.1, 2. Tign hanh nhieu lan theo cdc et trong bang 2.1. EE Tirbing 2.1, vé dong dic tuyén A —s cla MCCB. 2 Théo mach, ngat ngudn dién, két thac thi nghiém. TIN Khi Cy ign Trang 19‘Trang 20 TN Khi Cy bien 7(aaaxa] B. MCB. , ‘Thay MCCB bing MCB, tién hinh gidng nhs cae bude thi nghigm & ién, két qué th nghigm ghi vao bing 2.2 Bang 2. 1 2 toc [48d Tle P25le [Sten J 35k | igs Taste | Si oF Zu @ | Le L Nhan xét két qua : Nee! Nan ———. TNKhiCa Dign Trang 21So 46 thé nghiém nbu hinh vé (hinh 2.5) Contactor Variac 1KVA Cac bude tién hanh : Minh 2.5 2 Chinh variac v8 mite OV. Lap mach nhu so dé hinh ve. (hinh 2.5) Cp ngudn dign cho mach thi nghiém. 2 Chinh variec dé thay d6i din 4p dat lén hai diu cudn day contactor, Ghi nhén Iai hign tugng contactor theo céc mite dign dp trén bing 2.3 £2 Chinh Variac lén dén gid tri dinh mite contactor, ha dan variac dé gitm ign dp trén hai dau cudn day contactor. Ghi nhfn lai hign tung contactor theo cde mite dign ap trén bang 2.4 ‘Neat nguén cung cp cho mgch dign, théo mach, két thie thi nghiém. Bing 2.3 sai eo OT 50 [86 | 60 | 65 | 70 | 75 | 80 | 85 | 90 | 95 | 100] Una ¥) tw | ign teyng wen Bang 2.4 —_—_— { You! Uae () | 30 | 35 | 40 50 | 55 | 60 | 65 | 70 | 80 | 100 aut) We | ign teyng. aa TINK Cu Bign ‘Trang 224) Kha nang cat cita contactor: So dd thi nghiém ; Hinh 2.6 Contactor PA m0 Ai Contactor N Variac 1KVA CTAKVA 1/100 © Ampére kfm ‘Tién hanh thi nghigm: inh 2.6 © Chinh variac vé mic OV, Lap mgch dign nhur so dé hinh vé. (inh 2.6). © Céip ngudn dign cho mach. © Chink nhanh variac dé dong dign di qua céc tiép diém chinh contactor ( contactor da hit Iai) theo cée mize nu ce oft trong bing 2.5 © Ghi lai trang thai contactor tuong (mg véi cde mite déng dign qua contactor ghi theo bang 2.5 es 2 lan | 3 Ven [4 Van. Staffel Te [6a [Pe 10 lon ana | | (d6ng/ ct) IV. Bai Tép. Sinh vién tra 1di cdc cu héi sau dé két thie bai hoc, 1) Phan bigt MCB. va MCCB. 2a Cie. digu kign dé Iya chon CB. 3) Y nghia dung dic tuyén A —s. 4) Chon CB cho déng co ¢6 dong dinh mic 30, hg sé mi my Kye = 6, thi sian mo may 3s, 5) Neu cde nguyén nhan o6 thé xdy ra véi hign wong rung np mach tir contactor gin trong mach diéu khién ? \® chic ede ban hoc t6' /- Trang 23‘TNS Role Nhiét, Cau Chi. soca 1. Mye Tiéu, ‘Trong bai thi nghiém nay, sinh vién xAy dyg dic tinh A loai khf cu bao vé 1a 18 le nhiét va edu chi, Il, Tém Luge Ly Thuyét. ee ‘ ‘rong phan nay, sinh vién tham khdo van dé lién quan dén cae khi cu dign: RW le nhigt (Over load). 1. Cong dung. Ro-le nhiét 12 mOt loai khi cu dé bio vé dOng es va mach dién khi c6 sit o6 qué tdi. RB le nhigt khéng téc dOng tile thi theo tri s6 dong dign vi ‘n6 06 qudn tinh nhiét 16n, phai c6 thoi gian phat néng, do d6 né lam viée 6 thei gian tir vai gidy dén vai phi Hin 3.1 sau day 1a mot dang r¥ le nhiét ciia hang Merlin Gerin s cia hai Kg higu Ky higu Phign fuGng kim nhiét SOL, OL to ae SS + = Tr 3o Tiép diém chinh Tiép diém phu Tigp diém chin! uhad > diém pl Trang 24Gita 2, Nguyén If hoat dong: Neuyén ly chung cia r& le mhiét 1a dya trén 0 s6 te dung nhigt cia dong dign lam giain nd phi€n luOng kim. Phién lvOng kim gdm hai 1 kim loai cé hé 86 gidtn nd khéc nhau (hé s6 gidin nd hon kém nhau 20 én) ghép chat v6i nhau thinh mot phién bing phuong phép cén néng odie han. Khi c6 dong dign qué tdi di qua, phién Iu@ng kim duge d6t néng, udn cong vé phfa kim loai c6 hé s6 gidn nd bé, ddy cin gat lam 1d xo co lai va chuyén d6i hé thing tiép diém phy. Dé rd le nhigt am vige trd Iai, phi dgi phién kim logi ngudi va kéo can reset ca rd le hig. 3. Phan logi ri le mhiet: Phin loai rd le nhiét theo phuong thife 46t_néng: + Bot néng truc tip: dong dién di qua tryc tiép tam kim loai kép. Logi ny ¢6 effu tao don gid, nhung khi thay di dong dign djnh mie phai thay 46i tim kim loai kép, loai nay khOng tién dung. + Dét néng gidn ti€p: ddng dién di qua phan tit d6t néng adc lap, nhigt Iugng toa ra gién tiép d6t néng tm kim loi, Logi may 6 uty 4iém 1a mu6n thay 46i ddng dién dinh mic ta chi cn thay d6i phan vit 46t néng. Khuyét diém cia loai nay 14 khi c6 qué tli I6n, phan tk ddt n6ng c6 thé dat d€n nhiét 46 kha cao nhuing vi khOng Khi truyén nhiét kém, nén tm kim loai chifa kip téc dng ma phin ti d6t nong da bi chéy at. + Dét néng hin hgp: loai nay wong 461 tét vi vita d6t ndng true tiép vita dét n6ng gidn ti€p. Co tinh dn dinh nhiét tuong d6i cao va c6 thé lam vige 3 b6i s6 qua tdi Ién. 4. Chon hfa ro-le nhiet: Dac tinh cd ban cia 18 le nhiét 1 quan hé gia dong dign phu tdi chay qua va thdi gian téc dOng cila né (goi Ia Ac tinh thai gian ~ dang. ign, A-s). Mat khéc, dé dim bio yéu céu git duge tuéi tho lau dai ciia thiét bi theo diing sO ligu ky thudt 48 cho cila nha sin xudt, cdc 464 tuigng bio vé cling edn dic tinh thdi gian - dong dign. Lata chon diing r& le nhigt 1A sao cho dung dic tinh A-s cla ri le gén sat dudng dic tinh A-s cla 46i tung can bao vé. Néu chon thip ‘qué sé khong tin dyng dugc cng sudt cia d6ng cd dign, chon cao qué sé lam gidm tudi tho cia thiét bj cdn bao vé. Trong thyc t@, cAch Iya chon phi hop la chon dong dign dink mite ca 13 Je nhigt bing ding dign dinh mie cia dOng co dign can bao ve, 18 le nhigt sé téc Ong & gid tri (1,2+1,3)Lam cila nb, Ngoai ra, ché 46 S$ YKhi Cy Bien ‘Trang 25lam viée xem xét. ia phy tii va mhigt 46 mdi trudng xung quanh ciing cin duge Hinh 3.2 sau, m6 td dc tinh A— s ca r& le nhiét, t Dic tinh A-s cha d6i tugng cn bio ve ac tinh A-s téc dong thye eda ri le nhigt (1,2+1,3)lam Dic tinh Avs ella ré-le mhigt 10 10] Hin 32 = Ciuchi. 1. Cong dung. (Cu chi 1a m@t loai khi cu dign ding dé bdo vé thiét bi va ludi dign trénh s¥ oO ngén mach, qué tdi (khéng thong dung), thuding dang dé bao ve cho dutng day din, méy bién ap, dong co ign, thiét bi dign, mach dign diéu khién, mach dién thép sing. Tinh chat va yéu edu véi edu chi : - Cdu chi c6 dic tinh 1am vige én din, khOng tic dng khi c6 dong ign mé may va dong 4ign djnh mééc lau ddi di qua. - Die tinh A-s cita cdu chi phai tha'p hon dc tinh A —s ciia a6i tugng ma cdu chi bo vé. ~ Khi 06 sv c6 ngiin mach, cdu chi tac dng phi cé tinh chon loc gidla céc cdu chi, gitta cau ch vdi cdc khi cu déng ct cng chic ning Kha. - Viéc thay th€ cu chi bi chay phdi d& dang va tn it th&i gian, 2, Nguyén If hoat dong: Khi c6 dong dién dinh mite chay qua cdu chi : nang lugng sinh ra do higu ting Joule sé téa ra mdi qudng va khOng gay nén sy nong chay, su cn bing nhigt sé duge thiét lap 4 m6t gid tri ma khdng gay sif gi héa hay ph héng bat cif phdn tit nao cia cu chi. Khi c6 dong dién 16n hon dinh mite chay qua cdu chi : sy can bing nhigt trén cdu chi bj phé hily, nbiét nang trén cu chi tang cao va din d&n suf phd hiby cdu chi. Trang 26Gil CCC‘dW) Ngudi ta phan thinh hai giai doan khi xdy ra sy phé hiy cfu chi (hinh 3.4) © Qué trinh tin hd quang (tp). * Qué trinh sinh ra hd quang (t,.) 7 Dong dign (A phing don Dong ditn én 1 6. thd didm bt db aye. hd quang ty. thd dim chm dt gai oan tién hd quang. trong ed aah te: thi digm chiém dit qué cr ua tS quang ‘rink phdt sinh hd quang. Ly: cba dong ngdn mach L. gan én bB quang "ThE glan sah RO quate] Tho gian toan 69 qué inh inh 3.6 Qué tinh tién hé quang : gid sit tai thoi diém to. phat sinh sy qué dong, trong khoding thoi gian t,. Iam néng chy cdu chi va phét sinh ra h8 quang dign. Khodng thdi gian nay phy thudc vao gié tri dong din tgo nén do sy c6 va sy _cdm bién cila cu chi Qué tinh phét sinh hé quang : tai thoi diém t, hd quang sinh ra cho d€n thoi diém t. méi dap tdt toan bO hé quang. Trong sudt qué trinh nay, nang lugng sinh ra do hé quang lm n6ng chdy cdc chét [im day tai m6i trudng hd quang sinh ra, dign 4p & hai dau cau chi hdi phuc lai, mach dién dugc ngét ra. 3. Phan loai, kf hig, cong dung: Cdu chi ding trong lu6i dién ha thé cé nhiéu hinh dang khac nhau, trong so 46 nguyén ly ta thifing ky hiu cho cau chi theo mét trong céc dang sau : (hinh 3.5) emope pA se ope rose inh3.s ‘Trang 27Ci Sa Hinh dang ciia cu chi Gng, va vd hop (Cau chi cia SIEMENS)(hinh 3.6) ‘Cau chi dang & Cau chi dang 6 Thay edu chi trang thai ON trang thai OFF Céiu chi dang & Cu chi dang & ‘Thay edu chi trang théi ON trang thai OFF e eo & oo S aS) DE gin ciia cdc loai cau chi xoay inh 3.6 TNKhiCy ign ‘Trang 28Em. 4 Cau chi c6 thé duge chia thanh hai dang co ban, tay thuée vao nhiém vy : ‘Cu chi loai g : cau chi dang nay 06 khd ming ng&t mach, khi c6 sy 06 qué tdi hay ngfin mach xéy ra trén phy tai. ‘Clu chi loai a : cu chi dang nay chi c6 kha nang bdo vé duy nhat trang thai ng&n mgch trén tdi. Goi Ice: gid tri dong dign ng&n mach (ce : court — circuit ~ Phap vin) L, : gid tri dong dign qué tdi (s: surchage ~ Phép van). ‘V6i cu chi loai g : Khi c6 ddng I... qua mach né phai ng&t mach tfc thi, va khi c6 dong 1,. qua mach cdu chi kh6ng ng&t mach tie thi ma duy tri mt khang thdi gian réi ng&t mach (thdi gian ngft mach va gid tri dong Lt 18 nghich vdi nhau). V6i cu chi loai a : né cho phép dong dién L,. qua mach trong thoi gian di, va Khi c6 dong ngiin mach I... qua n6, n6 khéng ngit te th) mA duy tri m6t khoiing thd gian mdi ng&t mach ( thoi gian ngdt mach va gid tri dong 1... ti 16 nghich v6i nhau ). Do d6 néu quan sat hai dc tinh Ampe - gidy cia hai loai cdu chia va g; ta nhgn thy dic tinh Ampe - gity cla cdu chi loai a nim xa trye ‘thi gian ( truc tung ) va cao hon dic tinh Ampe - gidy cia cdu chi loai 8. Hinh 3.7) cdu chi loai ‘Ving bio vé qué \ digm qué edu chi loai a thi dic tinh Ampe a zi wd taj 44c tinh apete cto SM aiéin nga idy cha cd INKh Cy Bin Trang 29