‘THE, PHILIPPINES AT THE SPANISH ‘CONTACT Some Major Accounts of Eatly Fino Society and Culture ated by a0 zithxDa socano, (920- ronstane of ads Pla Caner for Advaneed Ste "ivy of he Pipes Sten Ven Uw noo LiseuRt | SESE OTE PUBLEC ADAISTRATION \ cout \ LIBRARY j7 rere 8 Copyright 1978 MAR C, SANCHEZ ‘snd F, LANDA JocANO Prine by: RP. GARCIA Publihing Company ‘Guezon Boulevard Bx, ern Cy is fe ! ABOUT THE EDITOR FF. Landa Jom la dean and profeseor of anthropology of he Tnutitate of Pillppise Studie, Philippine Center fo A ‘avout Studies, Univeralty of the Philipines System, Before Joining PCAS, ho was chal of the Deparment ef Anthro. ‘ology, Calg of Arts and Selon of the Univesity of the Pallpnines Stes, Profesor Jean retved his Ph. degre nao anthro- ogy at the University of Chicago in 198” He has beee ‘elivetyIneolved in reterch and teeing sce them. He has vwiten nimerous artiee and books. Among hy books are? ‘Shan asa Way of Life (1918) The Fuiyua Family In le Baral ‘4 Ubon Orowation (191), Fae Medicine In g Pipe Muniiaity 1973, nétha end Legends of th Baty Pipes 49TH), Growing Up tn a Phippine Baro (189) redial Worl of Maiboy (3861) wed The Sued Sotety (1968). or bis acomplihment, be was awarded the Metional Soimer werd. (193), Rope Culler erage Awerd (aoTi), and Ov (186). iPREFACE ‘The present volume is one of the series of babe Papert vee ples to polsh ecralonaly for student ose in courses ‘islos soety and cate. Each volume. will del with Fora tjectatie The preset one inden tomo of what te es the reprseatative snd mae accurate ethoographic Teste ote condensin the country atthe tine when the ‘Spaniards exe ‘We wish to scknowlsge the assistance of friends who, one way or another, have boon instrumental ia the secomplish- smantol this work To Me Mauro Garcia {or peloton tous ther raelaton of the Bexer Codex the ‘Areeo University Prox for permission to reprint par of my roviow arte atd the National Library for permission to ES sume ofthe Gotent {om Blair and Roberton. ‘Above all thanks ls dae to Me, Mar C, Sanches for e>- courting this projet ad for faking the Fisk of publish i , LANDA JocaNO‘TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE, 1. INTRODUCTION Th PIGAFETTA'S ACCOUNT .....2so-esssneeeeee 4 ‘i Vee Ase We IML LOARCA'S ACCOUNT 5. ..ssssossseeeeesestsres (het Pp 4 1. PLASBNCIA'S ACCOUNT... (Comoe of Tae ¥, cHIRINO'S ACCOUNT 185 {ot Mra Deon nd Brees Anine Fn) Vi. COLIN ACCOUNT... ‘Vil THE BOXERS CODEX ceseseee 388 ur ee wi Nevacein.INTRODUCTION ‘This vlame conists of major ethnographic scaunta on ture dav the eital Spenih com ‘uring tho early part of the Spanih exlonal rule, starting In 1565. The sdation of those materials i ased on two broad criteria: the date during which the deca: ‘meat was welt and the descriptive datas of local lferays ‘i colang There are any other materiale deding with ‘the sume. period which are aot included here ‘The reas {ox thes omiein are: (1) some dal more with the diffca- Use af the computador and contain tle intormation boat ‘the lost ealtere; (2) others ave ertresely Based, ful of the ‘weitere personal prelude, matlag the document sess Sa. Safar as ‘ethnographic and historical data are conceTpedy 25 {@) many are biel summaries of what ether chroniclers (ike the cna indided hee) rote Most of the materiale in thi volume are part (thee, clapters or sueections) of longar monographs writen by the ‘hrnilers ofthe Spanish expaiton tothe Philppines daring {he ely 16th and 7th centaiea, "They appeared oily in ‘ar and Robertson's 86 volume, Pha Philippine alan (1808) ‘sod in the Phuippive Journal of ‘Science (18). ‘However, ‘any stants and lay renders do nok have dete ecu ‘hee original sourcen, Thus, by patting these ethnographic ‘ceounts in one velo, iia hoped that the materials can be ‘made readily avalable to & wiser audience, It ede to be ‘Meese here that becaus Information about oue early trad aiden sre derived mestly from secondhand soarecsy many mls. Intereetatons und verious misunderstanding of the dynaee ‘of our aeciety and eallare have been made.” 1 trst thts by ‘waking some of the orginal sources avalale, Shae mistakes am be rectified; the rader ean now make his own interpreta. Aion of his society rather than rely on others to i for Him, 1 1 one examines the cultural tate dseribed in the source 11 AF THE SEH CONTA eur uso soe OTT il be Impressed ina yi ey, wo the rae, Scent, . ‘Ditty esd sate a ates ie economics Bate Sea mere neh i comitnt i er gan when ey aa Sere et Lem tye cout File oe? The busic values and instity, rerMiapanic ancestors ave persisted se mw te CR ae eth Z struction of the natur nang ny wart oft my ASSESS ie tate the contact pec, wh SEMEL Sar eo cer Tal cate SERRE nase in thi voane eet al ctr Comertive, tae SEA eter pcr the ate Ino one cob ‘ste ah rl nd a a vn ‘ccm th stv an Bue sepcing a cay. any mate, some of the chroniclers ob sera, ite! det, scurte and thelr descriptions tes tad acts Nghy fora, ™ ‘Simm Fates 9 Bay Commny ¢ 2m te umtins of Bige de Lore, Juan Plsen SSSR, My oe Lan, (a: He Tee ar ON ee in rpno cater, Sel i ra rid tn oy ang Tas te Mp sp dn j Ee sins emi w j Poet le pn ad!) mm : usrmoougrion, a Pedro Chitin, Antonlo de Morgs, Ignacio Alcina and other sly Spanish chronilora” ag ell a4 from seconds of kno ‘archacolrical ies, we derive «picture of the eeiy Filipina snttlment pattern: clustered village ned along saiteed faye cast are, and. moutha of big river systems, "The teas! ‘asta! would normally embrace the lowland artaa on’ Host Inanés# Tn the interior, settlements were usu ha heaters of by iver system or tele tributaries, "These ‘legs were of various sts, ranging trom 80 to 200 peoples ‘his figure represented the population tze of eneaalende Pod Jags during the first twenty yearn of Spaaish rule isthe ‘sland (ia, trom 1666 to 1686) and, aa sich, would well sp ‘roximate the preconauestvilge-siaa. Por detailed catia, ‘steattached table) Because mont ofthese villagea worse ‘in sratle trade aid commerlal points, it would Not Bo ve a1 find hi ial cn eres at ‘than others, Fo ade ay i i gull in iterate sen hal Theres, Bara and Sopot. orig Fed et tn i ‘Ea i Mi ya SES ae i ee te le me soos, Tawds oeann sey fez Ga mine Wea Bees ina oii Libs jinn re menue rare, aE oak : :er ep IPI SOCIETY AND CULTURE AT THE SPANISH Conagy the Spaniards spanned the length of sboat «league and a lang the beach In the interior, the wllags were ta Few houses were cocatrated atop high promvteres td sts rdgen, Sicha distibuion was largely Inlueeed by land ‘covomic neti, prQection from enemies, snd in carat frees, the degre of pallzal development Teche Temnomic reer sen to be the mot portant matat | tng factor veringresental peerences, These ince, | ‘2nbstreama wer, athe ail are, major souren of pele Yond sch te ah ssine, elle sls, ce and othe Cer toed recrn were sso eaplted Hoang Wan {fle — seer, hen and her —cetaly payed I ‘ortant conse Toles In the pot au wal as at reset bt ‘Rois of andes ee rele bepewodertaken by Fox and rene i ht Sher et a a tf su and etd vere fr coors Ts ht “fase ty fer tat dormer sural he“ psy Cariaon, snd the che, even og, were sta od fuel owt mata pat ofthe daly det" The ames of preraing otis ford Inte ps ssl othe mesa wed Ine Ente ttay — Le, bollg, bling, rast, he tor eae why coal aad rene wr wae favored aston shen waa warpartatin The ve ‘GUTS Seeing with the mat convene wn ef Ree Beta of tov i he iterer the meverent of ESS Soci wo up sed owe hp ver aytema. ven tra ERP Pin wn ye 2 ee ethene tet Mn ssrmoDucrion sere sted lng svarans flloing he cute of the wae ERED TRESS tee he hed vein ning ater aa a tng eco tal wate wat oe ree rer ty tan by ney saterrtt ch EEE Sere i thet cmon and lie sey As Th wve remarked, land use was snother factor which broth st te aa at enya Pe sneer the arhaan te Dane OS aie vag and bara, thee Harold Cacia SST ier toi enn oft peo rd Mfasmaca The tough grasses and secondary growth which ol thet of the crops tendered te oH Ta to ret, parry becuae he frre $e SSH feel oe ponng heen, ene ny {Songun aed wae ‘ued uasulherln ur oc tne aban a oe See ce ae ee es Saeco een et $ Sue ls ou somone seein he oh te 13Gbate Fase or Indonesian ‘i Why tere ware bo temple or tne bangs isthe Philp plows ini to those obtalaingeleewhere in Ana Chin, Indi, art aghorng he of avn ad Saat Meese ie srctres were contracted only in permanent, arg cmt ‘unites and by rong pliteal leery ther for residence, ‘elgos worhip or lca bureaucracy. "Tas to spank of tem: ‘let and Kings Inthe Philpine, ae shall show iter, i to Re hy atest PLAS ect eos7 aren oH 8 CONTACT 0 ur 0 00 OT got Ne rect oe pe weil See of the cere eg sxe ose OF ed. eco Ot ergy no MT OM rsdental mobility a cS en eT ait ee a St oS rie eae ibe fly Bee sta TDS ee SE rte ile oF Te fils Ee a oe ete ae = tte Ses tenes et ne eens menor en Ear Shoe nmeg ear hep ere Sy al ovat cane chee See BO ee ee a rar, Sata en Sate oy oie Parad Sea Saree As Oe meee rere ji ttl ey os oy eh ts hl) go ‘it eo wl il By de tte ne Byte to etary a tho begining of i hemes iii cea in the PIONS al i ton te lee roe of an emessin ee nam ETL rr a rat a + sala panos, bin saath rome fe | SSR Gpnat Ty the conral zens for porpuos of ‘Ths contact with forces traders modified and shaped ‘lve gonad vale and Maan abandoned thee Sterior mes and tase resdene inte trade costars, ia Manila nd eves, mudeted conimanitios beran, to form alone mmks of the aaig river oe protection from ones, sm¢ PE hee communes were surrounded with pases and other Sfotecive deren. Tue same type of adjustment to both the ra ned socal reqeremente of grosp hfe began to tke ‘Basen carom lnaoaa “where a numberof dwelings were nt within cmpmund protect by sarvunding barricade STheh as perched en igh edgy or hilton Tn 1602, orgs Tied Gt when the early conquistadors reached the bay of ana hey found its settlement i the seashore near a large Fiver, SRY Gat Uivule and protcion of chet aed ae Jett pele on te oter side Of the. ve, wae AED ange stlcent named Tondo, which was Hkeyae EEU'y senher chet named Holamatanda. Tes sete. ‘essere fered ith-palairess and stot argues ‘hens: filed init arb ad ery any Dronze ‘Siveneand other plete of anger bore" “Thm hue of procrogont lpn were sma t cone tenpayaeesar in aay rl ares tony. "Tse were {sien core foun neo or roe Ty tw rer yo = "To wal were ae of, ESTERS. She ty wet aon lade he sual ‘Ss tnd Geo gy the tar sometie“Tee Toma ‘Tova ei ests slg ad ate tpn in tome Tits thee wan finery called hone. Near tho mala door mat of theve House was an open construction called Dallas (wot Tor resting, eatartaaing finds during the might, con- tating sms euteolé arin rich se big bankets seed all mats, fe nd forth. Of Ue id ofthese atalanee, SAEED RTE gre tn tina Qo in SE 7it SPANISH CONTAgy ew? Te re he a pene venue er re et Se sa er rate (of hems) we Sip th me feos whore thelt ome ny eee utes describe above thee nates THESE Were Onan eltves. Mong dsc, i oa Soca cl Ser oe | seca et i fal oF PE seth many fo0ms and om, ie tones 108 OK ced, of tnbor and ps ee ee tee ie ate ure og. eer gt IE any and wee uch ft Ere cee? “thay rece Feder ie mca Oh the palmer called, Fees atte sop mora han shed Seize five wen water” te nuance of tho Mest cotta Sete oer the Hoare ot Se os th Deri of 1 ee yn scree Se SS op te ae te vl ecient eal the arin puter ‘vapet onters — where political organization was bei Romig pln rtm fe Serer nn eno sean yet br ‘emily fo poll and soil one Sito te tau ban a8 8 Serhan be eat. nl tsuneo try. Te ‘eae andy sma MRE eerr eae eee ai patil site were encsuntarod only ie OM | rvropucTioN these unite hes not ie Panay and Masia; but ct thes are yon the emieni te 2 Sr eo community zations Yith ane Pl een ere ranpay.Anpaentiy thie an shores Je eure ane brag, nay a, We DMS een ea er ca beara tat wht he weary of oR etn repented wa ma ot ha ig rr ad noe elena 8 PhS at weiter he ot (eit the stracte of the beronssy SS iat vere otaly poor Tn tee gwographc refeeneet, ‘lm We “cae down, ‘Thus what the documents charactor nek. tae Meson gereralized. all over. the Philipines eesti 100 for example, notes tat the term barangoy Colin wring lied y. the arly Filipinos to thal boats, Te eeeetlu they sed to coma to the island." And hens ve we ni ay mre Ae rgb uate ee oa at Belo AE eS inne enrnoe as ease rv ge a ree Pea ane Peete fnah ‘relatives and slavee.”™* oe ae en oy a cmt me emt a os rt rece aera cn aa ace iereeirincee diernarine Soot sce rar ay Sa at ssa coe ste seit aS Thain ere, Se de1 ta win concey ua soc ANP ema ‘Robert Fox at — cee ote a a oath “aoa Seas saeg h er , = soci andrei stig, chiets, for example, fone me sions "betwen so Jen te ee dh einer, Mores notes that ert mr food gb rat ee ed Spee a an vad ok ss aoe ste aces esr dat ch of whom hed Cee ‘TEvSasit recat cloctvay etngsan Stemi oui ns rota to bo ew te calanheMers rt “Th pict td ig wre ier i, he Beer ae ee a al ne Haase i dae'ees eu ne" SSE ates cl at vie sma pane ton dante ‘5a har to ei so the uli of the Gi tt at fora of yon iy fe ry acral omy era se ah es oct ht en one“ i | (9) he Rte Tot and Tami r ‘On the other hand Povedano reports that malo ‘slaves jn ‘Negros Olden, or anyone from the commoners lass, st acaure an dovated satus dso to bravery, kil, and ity to fay able opinion in his fev. ‘The mahal ranked next in the sol cate system of reconqucat Pilipino welts. Although earler writers referred {o this group a nobility, 1 daubt whether this soncept developed ‘Srom feudal Europe would Mt into the Filppine tytn. Be ‘hat as it may, thie group (Ube! mahal) "ld aot py ta oF teste tothe dato, but aecompaniod him Sn ‘war? a their ‘own expense" From tho mahal group same the men who ‘tasted the data in every endeavor he undertone —be i in Iniding » house, rowing the bent, ralng the enemlee’ tere tory and 0 forth “The tinea. (Cinaua? oF the cmon mabe cae next tor the mehr inthe Ssoendlig eer). They composed te grestor bulk of tho popnatin. Lauren cared tis Soup fremens They wee etre eT eae of le I Eisen niet n meet he fe he elt to one of the chiefs for each village i ‘many. sheds Seo whem has Sieve fasta oe eae tae Spee wal Sma tou” “tie be eS, ‘prise et gy ses neg Sogn Snare ses te SOLA eae acer S Soca ee eee SSS See Fen MS Era aes ateesy may & Sate EOL MeS ele ae eats Balt“ar 0HF SPANISH CONTAC ontd the Dat of the ei angie 37 se ose anh err come | pai pet eek att ened ft a Beh me erry, tl ee . erties tae eet ay Sa be ‘Ss oom Fe tee mee ta pms on ee ee ee Me saaver” T doubt however whether pei Sere Se eer are mm Ee a a ‘maine eae ocean ta fee ce ts ean Sacco a ee Seca kae he Ss oe recy etc key ee th yee a | Postricie wea saees a me SESE me ee te | Sete AAO Seieieesaned Sgamts Reta Enea eta Liberte an Morea ete thn thre es ee ‘Seb he we fr a kn of work and ster J Eee had iar ella one — aaa Ee ta HEN | The = ® = r rxopucrion fo"te to thelr Te a eee office without res ae called areanahor!, tia ae slaves a the 286 avr, Plnenia'® bad classified the oping nemamahey an antic of egal rank to that of the fimaguc" This eo ta him, worked forthe det, ‘They lived in cf thir property snd old ‘The eden then or Toe ihcteads anesthe ax aguiputir) nor an iter parents raven be tld" ‘The epg seguiger were what Pl lek etegried a “alan” Thin group serves the taster {s'the nters beate and'on thin culated ands and might esol, Marked ifereness oxated between liping nama- aly and aliping stgipuir. Becanso of contusion in, the (eof thee terms, aserding to Plasencia, “mony have be "For example, Plasencia eh vst ty nero ‘noted that aldo ea i, whic eta oa te alping nararahay shook {np Juties proved that he tap alpine as sata hn fate ana mbther belore Nim no Feservae Ui 1 tata gto hater hoa png ‘mame ‘ig esti” He's toon cored sss Sars mvvy — ip soi ar Tm SPA su omy vr, omeete which made an a en cet ee Sipeest Be for 8 Major crime, nyt oe on jef, thievery, capte oh ag siete moet invari se es oe of Sen & ve, 4 Sa ie by oe ah Peaeyereniy Sr at al men, case Sedona with single star and 0 on™ cal Pett ca ah Reais ett a om hi ing of thre wan ater in $5 Shas Sites add ths on te re Slr wre “Tee wee se oh Seed thew yy onan nh tin fly Eee econ rtety he er af tae a S158 Lava apr th ang te cyan apis teh ves nc te ele two el so E's Ee nara ef he pane, “tin ee SEES te es ae Te nation aoe rap se wf are ata ey BRR Ps sey op a, atte 4 nernopucTION tn tame proprton, taking Sto consieratin the Paso ae white the senraeed test, ie the Spake NH ne or cn sce for, the mt le Ta Sel i i ar nh ken ‘om gre te om cle debtor had ‘ecmmners ad ec Of car Sng and he limited scat ge se cea ceria semen er a Scie Sie oat de Thee, scat tomy ty may ae ay a pe data aad the tele stor Baten renee ante can mobiles msc In ‘hx mtu nel move up tvouehbrevery i Behn SPisiti'eceag pte option Ht nada ta be remen- Sica tina prs sity wer about only "ete ocetin, Bren amene he Sly oop ‘hen any ef hw hi we mor cre than there arn oon he lana sc apo eigged mere ict eta eee at dye adert hp SOP wire oR thc Between the dt soup andthe tinea, the tance was ‘iy dtd, ven mpi ceremones soul be sper {ere dus to which the prin omecrned boone Loa totes thatthe inate werent aired to faze thr wee ‘oes ith "esos hand re the oho ie thug reece fier ot Se ne 6ar tne seas, sox vo ontete com, oa ‘ats a | te aA ep unit dining on es Ce 3 inet Free AS sod iB eer ntl late a aight 98 Stee eared SS i for the Cite uy 2 Se a asc jo oe _ i ar ete a oa hy ta ane acs gary and they Wate main" Feat yea caste situation in vg ssc ioe a es tah pice: at of | ae ay ah in lanng DOW. Tae we aa hich the lowest aly ih er erste 4 iank fy ih Se a ea wan one of thee.” Par See an oy he maaan fh ciren among i Soe aan eo thar mothers. Boome fr {he tt a tn woman had iden y © they vere all free, provided he were not her husband. It) Seam, he Bar Ce the sae sation ms s=hAE harap fad Toone 4 amamahe Ca Sag) Sei mrewithaeamomane stot a ‘Bim fa free mater. Inn i grape ete rane rue the ches ‘sak The revere seemed to have not beet ew dt re Atay vate, on =—o ty in this rewpect, The Toso = nw ssaiSer eg mene, there oF the Sire pa Eten tame, Sara wg ind eeeahase shar we ob BeSmine thus 9 5 owover, that thie inter case Te nn to bo remember ae aa we Bae matty uae by wes, 8 ae aly ra ated male wih low an fhe ett ar father Homer, rly two ‘emmle or vcoverss. ihe au from the 260 {ho dearly when he wrote: abel and er SPSS de tinal ‘The crpost iteton i intresting to not: tha of rank sai fate ted the proten by stating hat It Tia cmmite eerie and wan enable to pay the fine Sees ave. The ete wer apparently exempted fen th : “ho pois all hase, and oven othe chiefs them Be ceeuta dy the She ecmaits any rime, een ‘Sor SE's of tingguan hei ied The seeetetaa y Sie nat eae fo saver. for ESSERE iy fe fn a the ware not cil, Another mesoa by which chlefty Indian comers owed inal nen Gaerne The tesa that ht B aity nfl deci commany {sik ta Mee vy amp aod in fer de ‘Sct hm fr atatber lender of dts” Or by och nowranwo et sth am gy | sn a re sere oo ley mo coe a ore Jl to redaction fn rank ts tnt Ti ee tule chat Se ce a ge ee nk a i eran ee or ad mint sas” | sc npr! Cr ta an es eh cate rere ee ae ee ota pic, eee So ee ee ee ee Ses e.. ST ac eos ee he epeetgels peg a tegen —_— See Soistenye le nec weg tae nen Remove ne Sarant oe Seated pd eB Tae ith aay tee ye Se wt ‘a oes ah ee a moe seperate Gel seein aa ey a te ere bron pe fee ad some of the chiets maintai a ne at a oh care me “tie eae eo En E of both panties an ‘na shel sometimes F SRE a —— 99 GUN AT THE SPANISH CONTAgy F ‘mised with a tle wine; and such fienship i nat to Be ter= Ininiled® "Ths practice has tarvved among the Sule of ‘tral Panay highlands nnd among the Tagban of Pa (Cleon also nated, citing his experiences, a pattern of ole {ory fntevilage Reslalty tn Lezoe. And Lapse mated that ‘Many tims it pappons that taf of the community te at race ith half telehboring cmmanity and Use ihe Haves ‘ae at wae’ Inleberagny marriages ere among the vatius meant of sang intr aangay chines system and of osring ecu, soemialy in tne of pce sadn tie of coe fica, For oom thts, bsdhonng as prt, ‘Moree ‘seth a pueulg irene Gly aches ‘hor rat, dxtery tn cing bie with one hand ‘il i he oe hey ete hoe ae che bar and cay Tt aay. Tey cere eas Sh bed Uate Artyre tha Sgiaiced Salat and Srengers of ei canes en Phe nla etal bp tas Sp eal roe tg rm SERS ms ir oe erat Sra er ee tat Sl tt ee ie sae See ica, ts Peru sae Foto eatery tte SErEr cachaamneoe oe Seen ct neat ent ne Sr tn eee, i Se »rane Ta mee tf 5 ty eee ete dere Pie ae, ie a ny ly st, ome Sit le li Sea el fe Sh tat ete a ale a heap no aaves for life oF sll Uamonr the ober causes of Inter barangoy ral were (1) ane Mg of atv in anther town; (2) stating ‘TE ca) teacery whem one goes in a friendly man feta sober wlae to trade” lie Stree “Te ple structure of ilping socety ts aqsnk Wocaraerive The extly penis chroniclers, were ‘Sot ton der abut ‘Tat thar wus decentralice, fag ‘ctl imdeep suport Wy smal Kin groupe vas evden. Ar bse the Spneh chrales ere agreed om this point ‘Toe ellos ef tls srotare muh bo leaned from Tae arith croment shout Ge dls imposition of ines to his Talorrs wo wosld move to anther barsagsy witht torte "Ts sang i co, then (be flowers) obaent, to Bedi ec lsh so lege the eo be eet fy ele met ad commana te ei BE peor, {Didier sage tof talon who tare tnd protec than CR antes gece retin ‘aa ede, the chet “pn friction al dt sey ofthe iat fut Nimatt age ‘TBLSEmneealy tne from aot hare ge tastmeey, ‘herb were a ato or at ene a ‘te or nat aace they tad for th rrmopucTioN purpes' some enon. 98 fair apd just men, who urese ive tran Jarent according to their ciatoms” ‘And it the controversy was bobween to chies “when they witb to avoid ficht they convoked judges to act a6 tray hey the ere he dpstante Plone fe Snrangoye. These practices dovetall wi fre eta ela mong tndigenoas groupe In many areas of the PAIiP- ey Tata alters were most old mes, eopeclly thote Fe eacd Intraoral Toe. "Thoir decisions were rveeseat- TONEE'Sended hy Kinemen. Arguments were based on 9 So arb Stn a an the consensus of cpio held ing Soppeonn were rinfored by ual sanctions” ‘Bech in are where ania ocetie were mers and eee catenization of eadership was beginning to be ‘ad shou ith the atengthenin of eliins rganisa {eh sninpalieal anita igor than the extend fomsly pot derdep, ‘There were no cana of star onlateral ‘Wek oly te sling oop was the sold unl, there never {Tove a pole structure sar tothe of feudal Europe, ‘hove were no ings inthe Phiipines, Bacly Spanish chron Ser vee role oat thi pl, and why comemporary Fipno hstrians havo not taken this into consideration is {moet quetlon for the moment Nevertheless, Pests, the ‘rite of Bagels expdien, was the fist one amon te arty were to note tha lnk of royal cin in the istnds ‘However, th Spanish eonqustadores, apparent too eager to fmpren the Raya Spanish Crown, justified thelr erpendtres ‘hd bride fhe embarasoment of conquering eal @ Eroop of Steed atin by ean he ee i We */Scrte uy, Pes Tae” ok tn aer r goo outrun, AT me (Humabor ve, at, ps once lla ee een cua Sr ea {nH SPANISH CoNTAgy Se retin ee erag hn tnenie than befor. eae, ee rir, Be i ooh eth ee Pay uk rel na at a hha iat la, cu ao ated the tame mpresion in 1619 on etesip peters among the pet, "There waren bngn nd provines; bun every lant TPLTERT tee of many clea were recognanh RSL emacs dome "rere more power chr mk i elo a es See ed fen aod commence sc WE ate anda ines were and cone tenth tra why beet ity a 2 el ie fom tare Seca pat fst of te oes ated oul dasaon ae wells cea wth se ot eat eal fa rah eure “nr rc oe te cat om 8 ssn ans shes SS Bree cee oat ts Elsa sernopuCTION ct have ins iatce ming)” although Whey bad 9 0S ee eH oon they called Fad, ths without dubs wee for a Rng wrong trom paces where there was on 204 Fam eo ther must have come. But ete oy {rom hor recognized bags, just chefs or serine Sy evr ta Mpetnr= le eves other writers who chi the existance of nes. “Among the angient Blayans, ‘AeA nohol itl sid, who had 8 wie nme of a7) oer ect ‘men at arms; 1000 rare way she Dato of ob Tanger flock oF ‘ian that he could “ras, very Tach Heeger ney as he Macatee “st ven, ceptain ‘sc mine) or do the Indians in genera! de- alld pldiere, nce courage Fey Beh daconee ar led ih (Ihe Tare eay inventions and ile very uch heen whoo thing is oma ‘thie mlsoncetion about preconquest Filipina politcal stractare was Inegely ve to th pola orictation of the ‘honlors Being oriented to feudal Spain in which polst Sower railed om one stroag central roe, they expected Dir to be eisining in the islands. And finding none they ‘Rintrpreted the Teel roversmental organization in terms of the Buropean context. As Robertton id ‘Thiraitcalty was one of perpective and the iabiity gays sued covecmat r an he Ean Ain e ei ae"rortgoan whe dl Esan srs 0c 8 io exe rin. tase sear, lactis 8 ee. fo aod carmen ital i rs os Serres M0 andy nes la een at aerating tho ino ea en at exe Te inary coset Hepat iniooeion of the “Seti ee aan, leo ara caren orm re iy rep 3 ol one eae Ae OE ct ibe Darth ‘io betel recon of Kindred dtinuised the tn fer that of the mother's and he a seperate wat fom the inter, bab Tel Scent poe terminally emphasized over Teethers soir datintins were made on cach oi. If eter ae he et portant Kinship relationship ora, all grup of knee in the trai of ‘rein snd ort, ‘Syasish aswnnts are rdativy poor In kis Aytey see of the hier pu any atentod Ingrtat spect of socal organization, In order 12 & Ar alt 4 caw wnscomar 1. a, father 2 a, mater Fin reese eld, nepew, niece, chile Sey tere for elder ailing: ks £ mobehy term for youns so: possibly a & prolly ponte term for ablng, though this, alee prhly Sscearcely recoverable from, the Paiiplne we Soka to once, lke the words, may be see ei NOT fs wie provalence indents antlauty 1, ae wy nano. a2 alternative, sclezecpoeal fr FRrsaparenta and grandeilren, ote Spe for ptenal ad roaternal ancl, fathers resell eP6 ther that i males for the father's 660° ‘eet, “fenenenly, not exctoding the father himself, 0 th, SC comesbonding term for females of the other's gonertion. 10, Hane or Ove fara for brotherIndaw and sister 12, perhaps « term for parents indam. 1, fens spouse ‘Aside trom this scheme, “other rlationshipe have, been cexpresed by noblinship words secondarily given Xship ‘elereoce in acl sage, by Incaing the more remote relation: {hp nthe signifleance ofthe abore primary term or by at {ier compte derivatives from the primary terms" Th addon to the prince of itealy, gneratonality ‘was snather important pisciple of Filipino ‘kinship system. ‘By the Toon hat aside from the relative ack of fern ‘tin in the Kinship Bebawor bebween mother’s and father's kin, there isan oreriging structural prinelple which cts off Cerin groups of kin from ancther im an hierareeal order (Gee Krecbersecheme above). "This is the principle of kenera- tion, Tris normal uae in Kinship structure, the principle of [feelin peorided the ancient Filipinos with ogial beststeam, | cre SPAN CONTACT aan Scr AS CULTURE senting ie et ea hrs thr, he Se yi rei Hithiptemy| Bay erin, gees ates wise Xe erent ee hE oe i ee (oie he eal Se erro ail aan frm oad mn ee etn See ice cr Sa taal ed te an om See we i eo ol ee eh Sean nce Se Rear ta ah Siler toe Ba Soe el Sees Me a el ele ee oman Se ena Set cei hs eo hte ts ere Zeer ere e ee eee er ed uae ite cre arg tes eed te base atures of pre and et Sah wore Fp Kip, it ue xan hn tert {Ei eae among tu eas ot 0 er ‘eva inal is ele fo Gots dala {cuca ack ae inh ieee of i nda ‘rom Mth hath and teow peel Flats til ptr tar tk pace Preguacy and bh. — As snn a8 to young wie co in he td ean amdely ed eta Int the sreenny pat Baagu, of act lpn, Arne te ma RL a thew no see btome ee ea, ms stay, sing Chem toon fond of the mt alta % teen ategaie — father, mothe, | sernopucrios on dedicate them, for nave so uch faith ake them presaart sor aria end ron that ine ies at brs tothe ana, Th i thy bel hey el ‘Hagin pvt ggetive of belie system In wich {he seperntural are concelved as active yarticipants in uma FPraerive stivities,Altboegh the unlon Detwem the Bite rnd andthe mafe mas aaecatl with preganer, it was not a tthe entre poten in that Jt was Ue ono which was Pesala in mang te woman pregnant. This Ble ott renentamong fhe Solod of ental Panay." In Tept, Fe Alina reports that hen a wera ou heal meete ge ae Cie earn ot ‘Sided have toate, beemae ll these varieie ‘Spr te he eth iia Nor wi hey oa ene $5) She ode sae chy ay that they wal infer ‘5 RS SiR he ei” thy doo wah even to {soso of them; others st over hale stomachs fetta of tha en. "They ell hs ‘imate Tis SeuStS lace ent Seat wih, Re ‘iia f's hcher tee motiee een secagth to the ‘Sid aint the Bll a that ftw ot do him Maem Jn ther areas ofthe Plipynes, the Boxer Codex records ‘hat when the woman became heavy With eid, the husband tae sure he “dow not et his hair ant hin wife delves, {nthe bala thats he does so the eld would ot be born, lth this Welle isnot pretalet everywhere but oly In ‘arse parta’™* “The Tagalogs observed the same practice but ‘hor Daler that should the bustands cutee bal "ele ‘otfiping weal be ben alt and aie Pregnant womes auo cbirved a number of pregnancy torn The Cex again notes ha Women on thie frat pegsaney ar ‘a ‘whe “The stove qutation i se to linking aivi tate nt gamma cece ey Serta eg a Ho Bae a See ' i i i sms the fa hat len nen i Siee ‘eas highly undesirable, espectally by te eat Bang fh i veya He pe or lh ran ee May ee ie they ee Sor Paty eo few ent (th SS ie th ty an be tt ae th Sheraton i nother Satine Lac ote cat when i ile H i i id Ee 5 i [ F E t | grin sao then to ane many cil. ih any tat ben te property fo be ee ‘cee 12 Sten, Gey al be our, a that [SEB hve om cht eve bt wea.” Airing wat saierly pati by anclet Fi ‘he Cote eet tat adaruhine ‘ge ae mame fr thi lite (abrn) nd by a he Homa td lng eran era the exeatare eee eho at erin the erento § rng ueTION en no ry sl hn rr nt ee le ar a STS tae St Pie es FNS SET hte oe as hea Fs Mat a ne ad sn Seni dole ea yest op nthe le et Tip tamale Cua vik sae ead oat ig Seg Bees Seca a Sek om Ep ios eo ake mre ce hat fee aires Saray Se fa ret spe Seis: Sutin pien Siar ge easier fee SAE (pica anor She nae iit or paca ine at rh Sige aeere nes Chung nn te a he dw se Sites Ma Sa et em etn ae wea sl on Si ts a Se a oe ANS ets then rane me cts lie Se eas ict MST Toate ee Mertariarass teat "ane weg al ee {iar amg eal Py. te SSeS re rca yt en espns sa ene at tt en tan py at SS eat n'a Pie aii ero an wae int an op oy ae Mer te meh eta ey ac Gn caetrutries oar bata Pra ans ae or Wega ant a, op yAwo sorry Axo CULTURE AT THE SIEGE SMTA paint at tt ns ase ECE) sSiaatte for vans yl anne te genta pl Caring le a century. Be. Barton. report that ne father pia Seca bon $v {loan ae weer teh awh ee ciel Sai Si os aetna CET Bae nse itis eels er a rte aye oe ae cee acai se arg en ica eden A SS ar seg cb ales SOUS OE ln ge See re eh ue ad ceo ae Ses rg ee se a Sr ae seit wim th Toes pcm mie ht ee SUPERS ET ae me ome ih ot ee ieee noes hie toy taney ak SAE ie erate cut te iil eed tant si, Sar ft Sp ha co ee SAS Sach ir ae Tere rh ai i i i i Ean dw 8 tty Barossa ae ae cer age rude he ge Ze ahede Bo, SEE SSeS ESE tol nt a i srnopucrion and thin ie the reaon ae i covered, with mals, Back ce sr Lou a Tn nel heralded lane ti errant ue and etre, he sin ney car wth musk SER ee sd ray har with cigements Sate She scente they Baver- ‘Thin abwereaton confirms the one made by, Pinon aro eetogs in 1s. Pianencia reer, tt JoeNe sre elds’ for four days and four nish: e88 sendy and eatves, were al Sule paves nite ih "atte ga fe Fae ae ie 2c mone the bana for < ae eat they. tl or Te tRe idyt ar earn, and dave forme ie thas the wl IS tha ase, wh would not lave thew SHIRE Ie'ther youth Trarlage.—In general, ancient Pipnes were mosoon, etre ny we peste) in many pees Thi on ithoae Petirnwenecount, In which he denied baving ch firmed ty Chmous marriages sn Man, Mindor, Marinduase, aerate found am exception among the faba of SaELEPR, Lyte ho, he onerved, ractind polar. While “iePeivtement contadlte the contemporary conan ob {hs stale penne of Panay, Jt wan posse that pagar” te re then but not feequenty, Tn many ares ofthe Dist ‘ated then pected fo have ony ene wife although there Tat a manent prohibition ngnnet having more than ont Pe ota was a weeny man. Tn case of plural mar Tie tne et wife generally retained the most ipartant etn and power pealton in the group of wis “cla mariagen wre froqent a2 isthe practice of Se Ringe were coneactel BE ‘lod of central Panay toy. Sal of elem were born, the coammation of which wat ay0 GTURE AT THE SPANIS CONTAC myn te a ene oh ares oa wet te see th Se enn sclng Bhs sey a cam ot i erg" the fw RES, fas pete meee dre a othe ere yu te of the Pil a ai te rob alld roataoed Normal te eee one any Main Dep sepia SDE ae ah of either te El alan Seg en ns Sere CW 8 ilar she ame Soto woete atthe brie ee mms re cmted ith the aro Sere ad licmmy fn sors matag ad ne OE Gi eee he uy ofthe ee fora SE LGME' je ante eco ber un Ary ave en hh ate ries father sod Bey es a ced acs apse trate tanto at SS tha eh datntere marage& SESPaRG Sep hi arid cs fee ai i nnn Ss cult or re yh esa the iter nurse society Sinan. “Normal, ti ot roan we th other si ‘sees te eee teal it fb td trad tm tare Mier Be tee ee dey tee Pact SRE, 4 2m, na, when, i ems ose eee cute he dry at arm rt ye ae as it be shoud give add he doy, thi was sub- canes thing that should have baen given to any. som, thous ashes hing that me pesmaty, wag taken into consider Heian te for SP ye pariion of the propery, seas lon at the time, glare that Boch a Besowal was made hbase the Inheritance (On the other hand, Loarea, weting about the Plstadon contacts Pascua account. Te states that tho dowry, was ee oto the fatherSn-la, but this reverted back ‘0 (ie colpe as soon se children were ora: arsed to the dowry, nether ee hubs no. he vile crept tp the 72; Bavescens for wna then FE ne father Conjugal peoperty was equally divide between the coun should GeNMErce to divorce. Aa Morga had noted ‘rnc property they had sequlred together a divided Sato Pa movers hy SS edad hin vm ope made 8 halves chai the other id nf have hare oF Dar BRS he aoauired te for hime alone." ‘Death and Burial. Like many cootemporary rural and ‘upland Pines, cur forefathers hed elaborate rites associated Js dent and burial,” Berton with high ranks oF those who Tnloged to the chiefiy eats had eiborste ceremonies during {he vill for the dead, and complex funeral rites during burial, ‘The bedy of the dead was sponged with a concoction from Dolled and pounded Teavea and tuber, carefully wrapped in ‘hinketg, snd embalmed. ‘Then the rita) exis went around the vilage to announce the pasting away of the dead man. Colin has noted that the poor were bari in ordinary graee ‘Sig underneath the house, wil hove who were welltodo ‘Were. put inside cofting of hard wood. These cotfins were Jeph im one of the fllowing places: (1) * fofrthe house with the jewels; (2) ot in the lower part of it fnised up from the ground; or (8) in the ground teelt na pen hole which is surrounded with » small rang, without Ree the cotta oer wih cath Near the iin ae iced pe orl BeMare oh fb te de RWVERSTIY OF THE PLA Ren,no eTIRE A THE SPAM Cony bat lothing of oth ise Tn we Space the man. were Diaced tyr thee et ther Tout or her tee bet 1" eas a itty diferent pentig in 80 a lich Practice aay i 4 z i EE awarior, tng lave ee fs tna wretched way he dng, a oil ee doa: and for ang at teenie hm, sang a Penal fina tay ee EEE ie Fe al i touring over the dead iy recalling the pg ageing a ed a il served ae aaa tte ete wn na Seca er tea fa nh ad Sais (0G ewe Bonne ch ore kshaler re aot wa tb wana trol sea tal er es acta ha re ee oe acl or ue Sy, oe Se ae adel svg the mc SAS ray ye ve he dea mar mh fhetaran et rip ie SET mers Salen el ere pace wi _ SESSILIS TLS i orbs Setdill Faigle tae loeb Besse Sopcast Boe ec tte cate te fal 41 hae inde aor, oly the widow 8-2 poe the feasting and arinking thet charseterieel fe Sen eRe hay La oe pe min Sm” rnopverion ruled nthe village daring tho mourning period. ‘This TE prctce by the Sslod and in own a8 flew, Px death was trder, the moa eon aod indeed of th game Tt greed he death. Artieda notes that the Peo moraine depended upon the ra of the dead man eet flo anne of darth was vilece, ax stat above we SRLS Stine i tk forthe dacncd's Ka to il 6 mem See Meee Sharerers evap. To algnity that ey were in = Mec mecrung the People Wore rattan fookanbtand-ings ‘Thay aloo et thee bal short. "They tara it the hose of he utara PSone with a and ity ines, ey fhe and Ste cre remain inthe potion withoot ERIS of eye or tire saya Dorin ths tine they fai di ee oe, ty nie Ne Se come in cel dia cate’ ne se ee es ses ey ol Sines are toe Ppt e ae eee oe chontgar mand meee SG A tates ee Hears folie cat oe art Seek asa anaenaria Pita ait Gakeeomaree ae RiGee cues scraee Eo Se eee eee Sen Sunes, ae Ee Sees, Se Bet if the reasons forfour wore not eo serious, sain the ate af anon murderer, the ely Flas releoed TIER freon he Wen ts at ee a tcp and nearest relefe pmo enn o c 8 Oay ring tabos by erorg he nec I Ln er an Bel | aa Tey tok, ema be aeny dead” Ty Tye | ee ae wae abot avenged, '* | seein interment. alates ike £08 058, chai, testi preci and oer good Were Duel iy, NESSES Cui tr be won of Meh ranks Serve d Ie Ce re were wmetines Kiled aad urled wi Fe eat ted that hace ves, Raving St eaten Fae se tne immeitely Hed, that they ona beats ey SSsan He farther nected that od objet ee iced : “a the month ofthe corpse, and nd with them, tn theme dee ther. bued, them, Under ty seit hi se hth np anther che Shain Tle tha They “usualy ere SSnetES Soeto the burl yaious viands, which They {EF there forthe aad pont. tune T icin of te arn ete Sita Sul st aa THREE POR nee eps Sone eri hy eh ete Ses Saeed ‘ee ta ee mS ak Hina ine ie apart ot et "FR iige "Wo te pcan ng ne a woaroira areata eee eee SPS a ere Tr at Fe ee ate te ee Seas Ears ena a 2 ee aris ae a nani at Ahemalves of the mo tuna They tok 8 fm brother, cousins, all his kinmen, Rep aneinae rs Reon ‘were necessarily his heirs; if he had no brothers, ‘i gt cooing and default of those, all ls relatives stared the eas equally “Among the Tagalgs Pasenla notes that “the legitimate citer ef a father and mother inherted equally, exept the cave where the father sod mother showed sight partially ty euch et nto have gad toca or perhaps a jewe™ UH ctther of the apse had children by two or more legtimate ‘vives Noch chil recaoed the Inbertace nd dowry of hit ‘other, thio incase a that share of hi father's estate ‘Ghith bl to heat of the whole. If man Bad child by ce his ntves, ho, se well sr the lepate children, were Bla eo foe the mother and to ive the eld something — RU of a sve ifthe father were seb of nally, ny {hing coe were eran the hil twas by the unarimots co SR PGE teldes hia Topsite eiren a man had also slang a fice unmarried woman, to whom a dowry {Given but who was not comnigered meal wie, all these wore octal natural eileen, sthoagh fhe cl by the unmar~ ‘et woman shoud have been begotten after a marrage, ‘och Children i not Inherit equally withthe legitimate hile ‘ran, but only the thind part. If there were no legitimate oF nturalchl, or eh by an Gnaaoowa, whether there was a on of a alave woman or at, the ieritance wantonly to the {nther or grandparent, brothers or nearest relative of the Shceased, who gave Uheslavechid as above sated" “Adopted children lao abased the inheritance trom their foster parents, As Pasenla hs noted, they "inherit the ou bio of what was paid for their adoption” For example if one {fold tech wan piven that he might be adopted wher the fist father died the shld was elven (ihertance) two tah, But if ths eld should aie srt, his ehildran do not inherit rom the second father, forthe srrangement stops at the point" alle System "The best way to understand a people sto now their belie Sietemows st bey . setae SSS eee niger S ies sad oes of DOS uve the OnIA08 of ting i age Sis an SP See nats action Fs acm re trie oe my Ts ge Ngee coi fe Se fe eet ee hae Eso ones Selene Be es a cee at et pena te ee re eee Feet hte dele aarti Se ceee eat ge ch oe Sosa here haa ore 2S a wane cares, Pattee ee saee Ce Sap eee See Saletan ee ees sae oe eter ter tates sihraw Gaara rime ar Bichrs eee aye ae be Sites get near Se tiie eal isis iean a tn ee cet Mtn we eet sh mt Maen wa Sat E ES Semen See ae es SeFucihanameses to ae ‘vith Ties on hc at igi ita arpa one ta ai ecm a ae rrxopucTios the prltence of which in thal mt ree iyo Pio culo t Fs shawn thea oth otal, ano real of mack with tiher am meri nctoworthy thatthe cet er en inated hw i wan trainally reared rrp seal we find a pti anfcation for che fer er ny tre for nom element he the Seep cre Tay in aod cet ought by the Catholic Spaniards. onthe varie of the sore inte ri, Darl cus A pate ohm and rene and tho a ree, Ca te see conf ee rece te masa f brake Into to {eth tee Me pesons — Scale (nal) and Scan sod ot ty Te oer wry, the people of the world eae ‘rm ite lon of thi is. ‘yithin the context of thaw myrtle sore, tho pre yan Pipe beleredthemacves to by the fiat poole Sn ru that coming ito tio archipelago wat Brought SSR peuperntral power. And boing now part 20d eX {lon ‘tthe ssere aoivee, they had to saare ecole SE the apertura elngs who were repenble for heir Toning eed being. “Thos among the Tagalog, Pave Fe Sets tho extents of tan complex involving the adoration Eine Hui andthe colsreton of fost ‘The feria ale fundot were normaly carat in the house of the ele roma and gongs were usel darag the ral perforin, ‘The etre commit came tether to worhip im the ees Tun, which wa eroncony nhl by the chroilers 8 = empl. "the frm of worthip Was knows 88 magaonia, "The Tegnlogn worshipped an “all powerful god” named ‘otha hrough the mediation of the ann, Bosna of his ‘Dower thd might, Bath wn tao romote tobe reached The ‘stn thretore were aed by the moraines to Sntrcee orth tecune was el the evan who could ape {hin gol Autde trom Bata the Tagalogs else worshipped ‘he aun, the moon, and the sar ‘Thao were coniered as {he reouentatons of tho mie of Fatol, Tol led Hohe ‘rere ae to regret the enn. Pose notes that “abSpano sociire AxD CULTURE AT THE STANIH CONTACT uino tittle, which ther adored {tae th een an who was brave in WAT aN endo tt tt 1 8 ee, te rte te arg np eee eae - hp rece han ae ee rita St eo el ees vee eT Tee aay The te are ain ange if besa rato snake alg the way, a sa me ae Sra aed ye buel is ee ea nt asta Licata Shorea ec SE oes sees aes edema? ngage ft nome i srt tr nd tin Ses oss Stopeortog augue me he pact of iston, Causes et death od fen were vied onder fo desermine whether Sr Bt sree or wich was reponse for noch misfortune ‘ele were as dno,” Ae Paenia poled out, the ary Satin ssh wton ach ne fener ob anefl and Tcky for thee postanor ‘tre ein shel eter 7 As L have indicated elsewhere, the Filipinos believed In a ‘avid of eoienmental spite ‘whih actively partcpatd In ther ltewaya. Tile were carved fa ae Nowe edn reprosentaton of these Perfo, sath ao mash o filled catalan" Tho purpose of these songs patspatad ‘m both by the catalan and he conaregation was aimee the el to avor them with hove things af which they ‘rere in ool" Not only ree ila perfumed bt they were 1s rece, comparative in the tame manna a2 the Som temporary sntes are dressed,” Plasencia reports nce of hale iti they wee acute to pce ‘gpd pace af th, doubie, fer thei and vel the Sits Bhan Genre gad ne ood offerings were slo glven tothe ina. At itera, set of ngenge(buyo) were provided for the Haden Sacitens were alin performed fore thete images, Arias ‘od fowls commonly ioed an serif “objets ane got, ‘Sheen, ign, abd carabecn. Mot ofthe acrifices were eves x the flloving reson (1) Teevery ofa sic perce, (2) reperous voyage of thoveererking oa he ex; (8) 2000 daeveat in the sowed lands; (4) propio rele in was (G) succanal olvry Uy eh thy an (6)'« happy oot ome in mated fe Should thea relgnon fetes be Sdetaes Uy wealthy and protons fee, the eebaton es lated fo thirty aps ‘Tee cremotins, a I have already raked, were pet sermed ty ralipiae specialise Smporast among these ‘ycislats were the ofalonane stone the Teenlogs the ‘That far we have briefy ceseibd the man features of ‘tipi eeity and culture se the sine the Spanards came ‘Thee lo no doa that contemporary Pipi see i fer. ‘at frm ia pees or port soaguetpredeceno, ‘There a three ‘teas, however, of citar! pernistenes and lange to whieh T ‘wish to drm atention, “These are otal elt Isis Tina pattern, and boll aystm. Morea noed hat when the ‘ronuntdores reached ana thay fund Rouen mate of ba boo und nia, and were ried abore the ground on si. Today ‘he sare boo aad tip characterize the materia srctare agurus AF 0 SS CONTAC in Mos. stemmed Beir nt sy emo or eo en RSA Sen fm of met Fe estate enters ag ncn of perl an Seta ee act Ty ery rp iene race ma ilo £5 fea beet “petal ten a ee Sta ne matin any re Tem ae Lede he pT at te so ne scare the fanton oft See rhage ere cod empl SSE jshate Pee yo ts cnr, dig te 0) mes Sy pin ste a deta race a eaiairevnal none a =: “$0 fio se = B MSS som : 2 Soe. ES “ Sou! Se 2 = s ae a coe i Sie “ee Rew = her et = & ior: Eee ~ oS. “ pon peters have nok change ceotber are wher bange is nial) Paee fsteltesed 88sPIGAFETTA'S ACCOUNT (1521)* Af dn on Setorday March sateen, 121, wo cme op act SOPs linet of tree mdr Terns fromthe ANNE of atta an nan ned Zamal Cey Samar). The {ateviog doy, the apairgeeral deste to labd on shothee ‘Soy uch as unabated and ay tothe eit of the abo Senuoed ian, In orer to be ove sare, and fo wet wate {thaws sume ttt He ad two tnt so up on the shee for te sik sod tad a sow diled for them. “On Sonday ‘ernie, March 18, we sy « beat coming toward us with Sine men in Therefore the expaingeera ordered Tat one shuld move or say t word who permis When thor men rethed the aor, thelr chef wenn ately tothe capagenern giving sane of JW" becawe Sur arial. "ive of the tut erty adore af them re tied with uy we the Test fo et tome thors ho wet {hog and they a exe The eplamgenel seine The they were eacnable men, ordered fod tobe ae before Ue, nd eave thet red ap, eer, cot, bls rory, Bea, fd tier things. When tay” saw the caja curt, iy be ahr ofp wi hh ey cl rt mac, fgn more han one palo Wong bananas sel‘tn ver el and meee, on tro ‘seonvi, They hed noting sae then, but made us tgus With {Se bade that they woul rine unay oe an eoaas sl nny othe arise fod thn fo deve Gevnnata ao the rete of the plntre Jost a8 we ave brad rn, ad ml, so those people gt oer ‘from that tree. ‘They get wine i eae ete ae iio thebeats eit Ce, sak, frm which Sat vite ont Tha goes, ‘dle gathered} in canes (ot ba eet but somewhat tart 0) as thick ne the Te de Woy Aono Fe, Be “ oarert’s accouT “in the morning for the evening. That ‘rity namely, the cocoa, which ia at large a8 the hes or thernboatn, Ia outside husk la gneen and ticker ‘han tro fingers, Certain famente are found in that bush, whence fo made cord for binding together their bets, Under That ule there fs hued abel, rch shicker than the sal ff the Waleut which they burs ‘and make therefrom powder ‘hat a" efal to them.” Under that sll there ls «white rmarromy substance one finger in thickness, which they eat Fresh ith most and fh as we do bread abd it haa tate Fecmitng the alund, Ie cold be died aod made into bread "Therein clear, eneet water in tho middle of that marrowy fatntane which is very Fefresng.” When that water stands for a while attr having been clscte, it congels and be omc ke an apne When the natives wish to make ol ‘hey take tht coca nad allow the marrowy avbtance and the water to potrefy." Then they bull rand ft Becomes. ll Tike butter. When they wish to. make vinegar, they allow oly the water to putety, nad then place fin the sun and & Siocgar reoult tke (Eat! suade fm) whe wine, Me ean Tiro'be tmade from {t for me made some. Wo scenped that ‘mareoms. substance and then mixed the scraping with Bs owe Talon whish we stained through lth, and 0 ebtalned ‘lk ie goat's milk. Those pelme resemble datepalns, but ‘itor not smth they are loan Smotty than the later, ‘A tamily of persons ean be supported on two tres, by wating them weck about for the wine for if they aid otherwing, the trees would dry up. They asta century ‘Those people became very familar with vs, ‘They tad ty many thingy thelr names and tooo of some of the lands ‘hat could be seen fom that place ‘Thelr ows fltnd wat called Zaian andi snot vary large. We tone great pleeare ‘with them, for they were very plesant and conversble, der to show them preter honor, the captanegeeral took, {hem to. hla ship and showed them all his merchandise — loves cinnamon, pepper, eager, names, race, gob, ad all ‘he hinge in the ship. He hod some mortars fired for them, ‘herent they exhibited great fear, and tried to jump ont of 45any soser x CTE AT THE SAN OTA ‘a that abovens sins to the hn Tey ale ogg ies Whe they fee ie ant pace I sree at Toke ae ery ace 408 na, ‘rare neering to thei promi Tol ald mung; bot inseuch ap “st of the clearest water, we called 7 Pann sequal (he “the Waterne ace o¢ ate a ere were te Hr sons of ld WHC my seit hoe er We found» erent quant of white ra tnd urge tra with ful » trifle amller thay (Shiamotan reali ple sols, There ae many islands BSEPSLSE to there we cll them the archipdags Sf Sn Laur a they were, dacoverod on the Sabbath ot Sciam, Tony lein'x degra latitude toward the ‘Sie re ann lege of ow hundrod and sixtone ‘ares tenth Ene of denareton ‘at nm oa Fs, March 2, thte men cme 8 thay sera sh ety nw ra are peice tla eck, inorder show tt ‘ete nes ast Tay cel res fips th wag Wo parsed all the fe heh er us el nn win oe {Gn a ng tings ete) se heyy pl ais ot a a ecla tew tH "We yd th nt ea, sn See ttt rep ttre tt rl te 8 er ie en oa te ee Siece eis tebe tors are {ht tp hl ams oath hea These pee Sis, ati oy, Neatbn. They go nad, with Ser Bett eet ry re Seg tere dit ade ti, Toya nda nth cnt and be “PIOAPEFTN'S ACCOUNT sian, and fishing ove that resell; and thle bee iy Monday, the day ot oat Tad, rere on the pot of weithing nd ofthe ahi to fish, and pling mY cr ting down into te steerer, they eDEpet, Tal into the oy 20 th ut under, my eft band raacnet of the aia, 1 held oly, anchor, Tent 18 fet open foe i wna suny, and coment, Se cue naw oe, When 1 9a al Rinponed to eteh hold of the do. Heh was danaing (sen) ia tho water THe rae aot ge ao lay that Yvan rescued bythe SELDE Sided, ty T baller, ines through my marty a Lae he ery of at font of ebay Che, the Vie]: but an ped cur course toward the west cout ane ee ur small oad, namely, Cea, onesghan, own, sed Aberin ‘On Thursday rooming, March twontyeloht, as we had uc fn found the night befors, we anchored meat AT Wec SSC fa boa whieh the natives call Blo wich 3 eee eppoathig the flagship. sve belont Pacts yh wane native of Zaratra (as Sa Sach wo former ald. Trapotana, sake SRE) J umedlotelyundertood him, come alongside the Spr enwitlg to enor bat taking » pein at somo I Bhnce ‘The caplnin eng at they would ot trot 48, ‘Show thom oot ered cap and other tags ted to bit of SP Sotney recived them very ghd, end west may {1p io adie thelr Inge About two Hour later we sm {io blanca coming. They are large boats and reo calle Sinoy were fall of men, and thet Kink Thm, being sated undor an awning of came neat the agai the nave spokes to Tats, When the Fin ane ting undertocd hm, fr la thon tlt the Kink Snow more lnegunges thn the eter people. He order sm ts men fo ener tho tip, bat ho alvaye remned in Bi ‘had at some ite tae fom the ship unk) Bi ows ‘en cured ad a oon as they eral Te Cpaiegoneral showed ant honor to the mon who ester ‘he ship and guve them sme presents, for which the Wing a .so wc 9 CTU HE SANE roanrece cnet carat ge ie de eer Teatro a Fee ae get II the tm” Shean Rwy et eat al) ear the Gvllgs Ea — Sn sty Fin, he eapaeneal tnt Hay ene a Rec sare n+ tal tat to PSSA hae cid fo the hi eb te ltd i for be selte sy tnt te lend od ot Sep ash a erat mm ty se ud is Es cs TA trace tbe calenral (0 Whe cater ei veranda be pov threo prc ‘iis two very lange ora and other things.” ‘Tho c [oral gave the King 4 garmeat of red and yellow Se he rns fa, and five rod cap, snd to Eh ue hung sa) fo ae en and to other $e" sespabeemerd fas toaon spend for them Iain hgh en A aed escalator t uy, botber ‘Te Hing ee et, cet nate ih tapaegsnerl” hes th6 capa shored’ him doth of ‘Sinn ec arnt, and aay oer ‘erlandie, aed al the alley, some of which he See tH tat ee mates were gently Si ‘et Tes tn pigment sma armed 8 ol ae hm in the mist of tne men arsed wh 9 Suis cen Ses, SSoLche tice eee me Seiede han tn Se geet cn ea 1 hi it veut sod compass brought. He tald the Ki cing and, whereat the King was asteniahed, Lay, be tal ‘SRE Mfag tne he mould ke ff were pesaing toi, to wend pe eee men with him to that be mht show ther. some [y,o" ihn, The King rolled that was agreable, a2 Seen fm eompany with one of the other men When I reached shore, the king raised hs bands toward tho Need then tamed toward us owe, We ld the same Fee ee aia all the others. The king tok me by the fared im sie chiety tone my companion: and thas they are: eter bamboo covering, where there man a Duan, ed ar eighty of my pam length, 20d resembling fox, FeIME Santon the stern of Uh basal constant com Ma ae ens The king's men stood about us i a cre SERRE Te daeeer, spears, end bucklers, The King had = sth ever Grouch in and = lege jar led with wine, At Rte race drank cap of wine, The wise Dat WAS Ae eYthe cup] at anytime, althouch that Aappened but sn eo put Ine-a Jar by Heat, The Mow’s cup was a Fae oe covered and ho oe ene dank from it ut be and [vss fing tonk the cop of dink, he aed hls clasped Synen be was and toward the #4, and then toward Tei Tetat tori, be evtended th fst of his Het band toward Iho tat tt T thought that ho was abot to stike me) and Tn ran 1 de the ame toward the King. ‘They all ake hore ges ove toward another when they drink, We ate with SISK ceremonies end with cher sigs of folendoips, T ste Ueat on oly Friday, for I could ot help myst. Before the ih Lhd brought. ‘ipper hoor {gave tho king many things Tote town the names of many things In thelr OKUAES, ‘Whar the king nd the others saw me weting, and when T {old them thee words, they were all astonished, While ne teed TE chat ihe supper hour was announced. ‘wo Hrxe are ie aighes were Drourt i, ove fll of ie andthe ober EE pork ithe gravy. We ato with the, sme, tens, end tramenie after which we went to the palace of the Bing SHER SEAT uke ‘n hopate and was thatched with [tes tana} and palm lesves. 1 was bal ub high um the oced tance powts af wid and Has necessary fo ascend Bo by means Of Idders The Rie made us sit down therexo CULTURE AT THE SPANISH CONTA, et dan wp He lin, 22 gi ee at oa einger freshly ae att ty Eton , ey ray They 2h nat tr oe oe i fb ad. 00 rs are Won eh athe Pie, Sa ioe fas a consequence of 60 mau ‘came ia Sragetnn NT cating. ‘They used the gum of & tree calla, Senki edn pm of £8 (iy banana] Teaven for light, SETTERS tare sien that bo wae g0iNg % £0 to slew Bes SEC prince with us, end we slept with the latter on ‘Eizo mat with pllows made of leaves. When day dav {he king cate and too me by the hand, and in that manna tre went fo mhere we bad had supper, in order to partake of ‘Tarwhments, but tbe boat came to get us. Before wo lt ‘he Ling Lied cur hands with great joy, and we his. Ons Gt hs brother, the Ing of atolber island, and three men fame with "The cptaio-general kept him to dine with ‘S) sod gave him many things. Pieces of go, of the sie of walnuts and eggs are found ty sifting the earth in the island of that King who came to four ablp. AI the dishes of that King are of gold and ali Some portion of is house, ag wo were told by that King Simeef. According’ to thelr customs bo was very grandly decked cut (mato fn ord], and the finest looking man thal tre saw among thre pope. His hair was exceedingly Black ‘tn hung to his shoulders. He had a covering of sill ot i urixo SOctETY ‘him from the wast tothe knees, At his side nes tide hong a dagxes the halt of whlch was somewhat long and all of gold, and tooth and la teth peste ae if ou : as if bound with gold, He wal ‘efosed with storax and berzon, He was tawny and panel ‘name of the flt king Js Rain Clams, aod the second Rais arly on the morning of Sunday, the Int of Barch, and Enntrsay, the caplan-general gent tho prist ith some mea. ferpropare the plac where masa srs toe aay ogeter with the interpreter to tell the King that we were not going to land In onder to dine with him, bot fo aay mass. Therefore the ing sont uo two swine that he had had led. When the four for suas arrive, re landed with about fifty men, ithe fut our body armor, bot sarrying oat other arm and dressed In our beat nthe. Before me reached the shore with ooF Tata, six plo were: docarged as a algn of peace, We Taned: the twe kings ezbraced the captal-genral, and peed im betwee them We went im marching orc f the pace ontecravod, which was not far trom the shore. Before the ‘ommencement of aso, the captain aprile the entire bodied Phe two kings with tale water. ‘Pho ass was offered uP. ‘The kings went forward to Misa the cows as we did, but they {i ot otter the suerifce. When the body ot our Tord wa ‘devate, they semained'on thle hess and worshipped Ti ‘vith claggod de, "Phe shipe fied ll their etilery at nce When te bedy of Christ waa elevated, the signal having bee ‘Biven from the shore with muskets After the conclusion of ‘Re, come of or men took comment. The captnn-general rranged fencing toursamen, ot which the Kings were erent- iy pleted, Then Be had a oar cased in and the malls and © Sown, to which immediste Teversce was made. ie toh ‘he Kine through the interpreter that they were the standard itven Corbin by the emperors soverege, vo that wherever the might go he might setup thos hs tokers. (He and) that. Ihe wished to ati up in hat place for their benefit for whens! fer any. of our shipo came, they would Know that we. bad ‘oan there hy that reas, and- would do nothing to daplease: ‘hem or harm their property [property doublet orianal MS). If any of their men were capture, they would be eat te immediately on that sign being shown. Te was necasary fovsct thet eros on the summit of the highest mountain! te that on ening I every morning, they might adore it; and if {hey dit that, neither hander, lightning, nor storms woulsecur a OUTME AT THE SANE CONTAC, sey tae hn hry and oa viii Te ea Ie Saye Morro Dh See thy reno th Wort sat ae i oe Ne oe ‘Thereat the a it oe ri grt the skyyand id Wat he wished that It were Me Bie for im to make the captain see his love for Dim, al Joreter asked the Hing why there was e0 little ty se Ae Tne later relied he dd not lve fm that place ox. Sie te went hunting and to ste his brother, but that Slut ta soother islsnd whore al his family were, Tho Mire! nd him eked to Godare wheter he hed any SESS ashe mito wth is hips 0 deter them sath ctl to The king thanked hi 25h Shut eld ded ave vo nde oweto hiy ot Et an mt then the see fo go tere The capa ta MES tht it'Gol wld sat slow him to return to thee ‘Esc be wos rng to samy men the ho would make tke tng eens et fo hy fre. sald that stsabat out dne and that he mold rota afterard ete eas apo the erm of the mountain. ‘They ‘be! tt thy rr tie and thon fring In atalin fo fin te muskets, nd the cain having enbraced the ie bac we tok ou ie. ‘Alor dinero al retuned lid in our doublets, and Ata tenon went tpt th the fo ngs to the moe it ofthe hight mosntain there," When we reached seam te congener them at he etemed he It veo fr tem fo ie tho ero) aw tee lle bb eet wae to them On sig the ich tab eta a fond the eed that here Were fim ane, Cn, Zab, and Cahn be hat Zab Pits Me th nw ttn Tay tere tht or scr to sien lots to show un thew: Re Staegeoel tanked thr, and determined to go tere, slay tte wt,” Ater the coe was eed 1 Popental &Pator Novy anda se rusrvo ar them in the Ist hat he ce sr i a sna ec ar eee See ch ieor erect omen Sees ee eee BOSS Srl a a Acti teia! ceake cle sic: "atic eater Sei, aes ee Ske Set Se et iin Sigil area cise aratesat eit eet ane Svea Fichietae arth mined Sieicaas Seances ttn rn Se area rhe eg meet ielant dram eo meh that they septal th dy, rw alphly se. Our men i fovcxeuse them tat they Rlehnr on thet dy, bat they worked the nex two EAP ‘Onc of thoao people brought ve about « porianer fu of ico Oud ssa eight or ten firs (Lo, bananas fastened tovetber TESST en foro knife whieh at the most was worth three eee stayin ecaing that that mative cared for nth ‘SITE clled nfo loo atoter thine. opus hand In he purge and wished to cf thee things, othe inten efwod Ienmnat every tela thon their ele ro anlar athens an go naked and pal, Te eee FS rove fom eee soul hls Ft, Thy ae ey, yi Daw ht {oth from thelr Walt dom 8r cnr? WX CULTURE AT THE SPANISH CONTAC coe mente ln sar, Tay hh a oa es Penang! ener cae Oe me ee ceca St Ta wa met OY oe nity sur eae SMES At es ral me See cy ae pa hee mere Sr area mas Cie oe ‘ee ft et, ea eat fi SST Nera at oes Soot aras nani oan eats recat an sate a cna es i raanowan mena ns A sre cect a, ‘Coy, Bok Cancha, Hay od Galighan In the ln sro in ernest Spoeerate nemant eh a oe nt egg gh esa sane Tha te oto Bak atm vac *9 Zubu being ttteon ruse i SASSEicte ata at th So eae ety Be dered the || Q ‘end a —_ ‘ range anf for battle, and all the aetilery wat fired, an action AUHch couted reat fear to thot people, The cpt sent 2 Yooter-eon of ha as ambassador ta the hing of Zebu with the Interpreter. When they reached the ety, they found» vast ‘Towa ef people together withthe hog, ail of whom had been {ightened bythe mortar. ‘The enterprter to Bem that Chat ‘os our castom when eniring Into auch place, ao a agn of este and ffendahlp aod that we had dicharged al our mortars TSrhowr the hing of the vilage. The King and all of his mea ‘wore resoured, andthe Ring had us asked by Bie governor EE We vwanted, The interpreter rpled that his master wae (eaptnn of the greteet King and prince inthe word, ad that BORE olng to discover Mltucho; but Dat be had come solely UD inte the King becuse of Bh geod report which he bd beard lth from the King of Mazaua, and to buy fod with his mer~ handie. ‘The King tld him that he was weleome (literally: fhe has come at a good tine), but that ie was tha estom for Tin ahipa that entered their ports te pay tribute and that It ‘wou fear aye since = junk from” Clama (he, Siam] Indes (With gall nd slaves ad pid him ebate. AS proat of is atecent the king polnted out tothe iterreter a merchast ‘om Cima, who had remained to trade Die sold and aves, ‘The laterpecter fold the hing that, sce his master was the “ain of so erat ing eid not pay tribute to aay sigalor {e'the world, and ati the king wished peace he would have aco, but if war Snead ae. “Thereupon, the Moro merchant sid tothe king Cata rai eit hati toe, Ll wel sie.” ‘rtheue men are the same who havo conguere Cast, alae, ‘anal India Mapiore (Le, Inia Major). I they are eat wel, ‘hey il give gerd trestioent, but Ifthe are treated ev ev fod wortetestnent, atthe have done to Clit and Mala” ‘The interpreter understood itll sod tad the Ming that his Tmanter’s Hy. was tore powerful in men and ships than the ings of Porfgalo, that e waa the King of Sagnia tod en Der of all te Chetan, and that if the King nat cae to ‘be hs fend he wosld next time snd so many men that they Iould deotroy him. ‘The Mero rated everyting tothe Kins, ‘Who eld thereupon that he would deliberate with his men, and ‘euilsnuer the captain en th Zllowing day. ‘Then be Bad Teteestmets of sony saber, ll made from mest and containedce sectny a coLTine A THE SPAN CONTAcy ruirxo raha pntier smany anc EN = nt barr, they etme end tad eso wae the most Infug Te in ofa number of Mls, met rm gen Curley of OUT tpt corner bad aaa eng roe ane te ttl sweat za The King scompasied hy Bis chef, came oth ee nese cgr mm at down ror ine mene me 1a ae are moe than oe’ ee ate eee rt atl bed faa a teow pd Fee ee pa oe lyf nde wit Spee tt ae ea tat bas sn el Sa Wibeepel welt Some sient be shou al Hoe ied a lars end he na wel Since in| crs nro th net scre fein ‘Rovhlay strep waldo Thercupen ‘Rene hin atl the capa ho xe ott se rn io ve rms se fn er le mtd et at ere these dh capa ald wether oa Saas ime Taper ea Sse ed inna he nom he sha ‘ey merge ig of = aun came to the hip wt {ip Mase ated the caplai-renere! in bea of the ie atthe King of Zabu waa collecting (ot tebe), ad wid ‘uch od a ponte : E, i ? F c i [ler dinner the nes nephew, who wan the pine, came to the ahipn with the king of Masaua, the Boro, the governor, he eblet constable, and eight cies, to make peace with us ‘Phe captaln-cenral war seated in.a od relvt chal, the prin= ipl men on loather cals, and the ethers on mats upon Use fluor. "Tho captn-general ako them through the interpreter ‘retort were Dorcas to apeak secret o in public ad iether that piace and the King of Mamasa had atbory to imate peace. They answered that they spoke in publi, and {hat ay were empowered to make peace. ‘The captain general id many tags concerning peace, and Unt he peayed Cod to nin it in Beeven ‘They old they bad ever hear any one peak such word, but Ut they tok gret pleasure in heting them. The capainsoeng that they sane snd aeswered Wile ‘nly; bogen to advance arguments to induco ther to accept the {alth, Anking Chem who would succeed tothe selenory after fhe death of the ing, he wan azswered thatthe King had 30 Sone but ony daughters, the edt of whom was the wife of {hat nephew of hin, who therfore was the prince. (They ead {hat when the fathers snd mothers greed ty reeved no farther honor, bat ther ebldren commanded ther. ‘The expt told them thie God made the sy, the earth, thesia, and every- thing eae, nd that Ie had commended us to honor our fathers find acter, and that whoever di otherwise was condemned {eternal fire; that wo are all descended from Adam and Eva, ‘ur fiat patents; that we have immortal sprit; and many other ‘hinge pertaining to the faith, All joyfully eatreated the xp~ ‘sin to leave them two mm, or at lat one, to lnsiruet them in the faith, and (aid) tht they would show them great honor. ‘The captain replied to them that ho could nat leave them aay ten then, but that Hf ther wished to become Christians, our Drieat would baptize them, and that he would next tne bring Plats and far who wollte them in eur fh, Thay lanawered that they would frat speak to ther tng, and that ‘hen they would become Chestians Crbereat] we all went with AEeat jay, "The cptaingeneral oid them that they should wot fpeome Christians for fear ar to pleve us, but of their own ‘ree wil; and that he would not cause any dipleasure to those ‘who wiaked to live awarding to ther own law, but that the wsmunio s0cteTY AKD CULTURE AT THE SPANISH CONTAGy cuitans would be better rgurded and treated than the oth sw with one voice that they Were not becom, as ied oat ut of thelr own fn Giestans through fear ot to pease ir own an the exptain told them that if they became Christ wo FaU Dea asl of armor, for so had his king commandgd be eihat ne could not have inteoourse with their ome, Meat commiting a very great si, since they were pagans Tamptat he aagured them that if they became Christians, th ‘Ehtwoul po longer sppear to them except in the Ist momen Ribot death, ‘They sald that they could not answer the bev Uial words of the captains, but that they placed themselves {mis hands, and that he should tent them as his most faitht ervants, The captain embraced them weeping, and clasp ef the prince's ands snd one of the king's bebween his ova, Sie to them that, by his {lth In God and to his soverelgn, the ‘Sepeor and by the habit which he wore, he promised then ‘hat be would give them perpetual peace with-the King ef ‘Spenia, They answered that they promised the same. After ‘he coocasion of the peace the captain had refreshments serve {orthem, Then the pries and the king (of Mazaus] presente ome basksta of rice, swine, goats, and fowls to the capia ‘Soueral on behalf of tir King, and eed him to pardon them] for sach things were but ttle {to give] toone such as he, Tht caplain gave the prince a white cloth of the finet linn, are a, sme svige of glass beads, and a gilded. glass drinkin ‘Gp. Those glasses are greatly appreciated in thove distri ‘eid not give any present to the king of Miszaus, for be ad already given him arabe of Cambara, besides ether artes ‘To the others he gave now one thing and now another. TH 3 teat to the Mag of Zabu through me ard one other «yell zed Wolk obs made in Turkish aie fipe rel ap 04 {ott ae a na ae ad vo tain mom en we reached the ity wo found the bl jit malice surrounded by many people. He mas teated 083 ton cloth before Bi ‘the nesilesbout his ead ‘om his neh nd to In et round with precious alton wih fein vos den Piped war omeaeey td est sane ‘line fend ee wee : ee eee og at eh pl rs te a Peron rere ete ie core ieleee oes eee Sena en ere, ce ar a tern fei ea ees a rope ho oe ea se et As rch eon a Sie ge te Sn sent mn es at Sa ee ea ea is re ee Sve en oe ao i censors ae a iin at on iret ene ot tn ‘eg it is a a ie ee a es eco Si ae a Se each: ea a a ih rere olan ae, ae Fete ee ee etal eo e titres i ee r= ier aimaattsand st ntin ua cos mbar ea i ating ns Bc fn eo ce in wo a a about the Simi ar mo use bela ea ae called akon. Fe ee ‘of our men had died during ba cy ur ma dn ve cette rai LST ab elnsraso SOT we anor i Ba oa se cui AF PH ANC spe end the HE SHOU onan eco iy Team a yore ev Saas a tt neta es ea ba pac thre ee ect an at He whe ope ee rn Br ix ih ed el con si iin crane Go nl qaly of een ua ee Se inst under hn Soi ciate ante barns Oe Trench Je, ond a eye ct dl Tah Tite arto cha cond he SSE” afer ee ht ag ane t (her nars He gurter Ss, hintibras, and libras, Whe Scarred tent hi ew cael uae a a welsh tsa Soria ee mae wy eon, he yl ‘reap sie heel ein, "Thts be Watiatd weh alan bol of Seka seh ened ua fa pedo ge psn os ee ‘them by means of Indders. They have rooms like re snd th ose they kee thei aoe, oat, and fowls Le sats (orl, atl fhe gh ate food SE Se ei ei ena SABE TTs Geshe se al Sean heya of ss ‘there would have edn some salts who woald have give all {RSE dey owned for s small amount of god, and wold have ed the trade for ever. On Saterday, a8 the captain bad ‘reel the King to make him a Christian oa Sanday, «pla ‘promt bait In ho comecrated aqua, which was adorned ‘Sit nengngs and palm branched for hi baptism. The epi ott sont men to tell the king oot to be afeid of the pee ‘hat would be ditcharged inthe morsing, fr it was our custom a dchango then af our greater fant withot lading with stones. a (On Sunday morsing, Api fourtoon forty men of ws went ashore, two of wham ere completly armed and preceded the ‘Safa Wanner. When we reached Ind al the aly was fire. Toe, poole followed hither and thither. The captain and he king embraced, ‘The capain told the king that the royal Teetetivas not taken aahore excep with ity men armed a8 ‘Sere hue Sv, and with Sfty musketeers; ul ro great a8 Tis lve for hima that ho had thos brought the banner. Then ‘reall approached the platform joyfully. ‘The capian and the Eng sat town in ches of ed and vile velvet, the ehits on lons, and the others om mats The capisin tod the King fhroach the interpreter that he Uhnked God for inspiring im {a become a Chritan; and that [ow] he would more esis ‘onguer bis enemion than before, Tho King repli that be Suhed to become n Chriatan but that some of hs cies dd ‘ot wish to obey, because they sid that they were a8 eood {en sb ‘Then our enptin had all the chiefs of the Kg ‘il nd tld therm that, unless they ebeye the ing a thelr Icing mould have them led, and would pve thelrposesions ‘a the king. They repled that they would obey him. The ‘plain tothe king that he was ging to Sparnia, but that he wold return again with ao many frees tat he would make ‘Mn he graatent Ming of those rion, ashe Dd bee the first to exress determination to become a Christan, ‘The King, Ling his hands ap the ak, thanked the capa, and request ‘him to let some of hie men remain Cth bin}, wo that be sod Ls people might be better instructed in the faith, "The expan ‘pled that he would leave to men to satisfy him, but that ‘Re weil ike to tae two ofthe ehldren of the chiefs with him, a