1. Articles or reports are generally written by those who actually 4.

4. A researcher can identify and develop a research problem, formulate

conducted the study, thus, they are called primary sources.
2. In-text citations include the name of the author and date of
publication only.
3. The most common secondary sources are books, reviews,
yearbooks and encyclopedias.
a research framework, and identify and use appropriate research
methodologies and tools with the help of literature.
5. Review of literature start while the problem is still being
conceptualized.

Test II. In-text Citations (start of the sentence) and Referencing

Literature
Because small businesses
generate jobs, tax revenues,
functional products, charitable
donations, technological
developments, and social
contributions to communities.
References
Year Published: 2015
Authors:
Authors:
Rosenbusch, N., Brinckmann, J., Bausch, A.
Chaganti, R., Brush, C. G., Haksever, C., Cook, R.
Title of Journal: Journal of Business Venturing
G., Gray, S., Brown, T.
Page No: 26(4), 441–457
Title of Journal: Journal of Small Business
URL:doi:10.1016/j.jbusvent.2009.12.002
Strategy
Title of Article: Is Innovation Always Beneficial? A
Title of Article: Stakeholder Influence Strategies
Meta-analysis of the Relationship Between
and Value Creation by New Ventures
Innovation and performance in SMEs.
Page Number: 13(2), 1–15

In-text citation
Chaganti et al. (2015); Rosenbusch, Brinckmann, and Bausch (n.d.) claims that because small businesses generate jobs, tax revenues, functional
products, charitable donations, technological developments, and social contributions to communities.

References
Chaganti, R., Brush, C. G., Haksever, C., Cook, R. G., Gray, S., & Brown, T. (2015). Stakeholder influence strategies and value creation by new
ventures. Journal of Small Business Strategy 13(2), 1–15.

Rosenbusch, N., Brinckmann, J., & Bausch, A. (n.d.). Is innovation always beneficial? A meta-analysis of the relationship between innovation and
performance in SMEs. Journal of Business Venturing 26(4), 441–457 doi:10.1016/j.jbusvent.2009.12.002.

Test II. In-text Citations (end of the sentence) and Referencing

Literature
They often lack a deep
management team to whom
they can delegate tasks related
to strategy development and
execution, which we refer to as
strategic management practices
(SMPs)
References
Year Published: 2018
Year Published: 2018
Authors:
Authors:
Williams, R. I., Manley, S. C.
Williams, R. I., Manley, S. C.
Title of Journal: American Journal of
Title of Journal: Journal of Small Business
Entrepreneurship
Strategy
URL: doi:10.1002/smj.360
URL: www.apmr.mga
Title of Article: The interactive effects of
Title of Article: The relationship between a
entrepreneurial orientation and a
comprehensive strategic approach and
comprehensive strategic approach on small
small business performance
business firm performance
Page Number: 28(2), 33–48.
Page Number: 11(2), 52–81

In-text citation
They often lack a deep management team to whom they can delegate tasks related to strategy development and execution, which we refer to as
strategic management practices (SMPs) (Williams & Manley, 2018 a, b).

References:
Williams, R. I. & Manley, S. C. (2018a). The relationship between a comprehensive strategic approach and small business
performance. Journal of Small Business Strategy 28(2), 33–48. Retrieved from www.apmr.mga

Williams, R. I. & Manley, S. C. (2018b). The interactive effects of entrepreneurial orientation and a comprehensive strategic approach on small
business firm. American Journal of Entrepreneurship p.11(2), 52–81. doi:10.1002/smj.360

Test II. In-text Citations (end of the sentence) and Referencing

Literature References
Copyright: 2018
Multiple studies have explored the Date Published: August 12, 2021 Title of Book: Strategic Management: A Global
impact of various SMPs on small Title of Web page: Keys to Successful Perspective
business performance, including Strategy Execution Edition: 7th
strategic planning. URL: www.jmp Publisher: McGraw Hill
Location: New York

In-text citation
Multiple studies have explored the impact of various SMPs on small business performance, including strategic planning (“Keys to Successful
Strategy Execution”, 2021; Strategic management: A global perspective, 2018) .

References:
Keys to Successful Strategy Execution (2021, August 12). Retrieved
from www.jmp
Formulate a general objective, and specific objectives: 2 descriptive and 3 inferential objectives based on the given research title. After
which formulate 3 hypotheses. (20 pts.)
Research Title: Credit Capacity of Borrowers and Revenue Collections in Select Lending Institutions
Borrowers’ profile: nature of business and capitalization
Lending Institutions’ Profile: number of employees, and business location
Indicators of credit capacity: liquidity, solvency, and profitability
Indicators of revenue collections: average annual collection of principal amount, and average annual collection of interest
General Objectives
This study aims is to determine credit capacity of borrowers and
revenue collections in select lending institutions.
Specific Objectives:
1. What is the level of credit capacity of borrowers in terms of:
a. liquidity;
b. solvency; and
c. profitability
as whole and when participants are grouped according to nature of
business and capitalization?
2. What is the level of revenue collections in terms of:
a. average annual collection of principal amount;
b. and average annual collection of interest
as whole and when hotel businesses are grouped according to
number of employees and business location?
Inferential Objectives:
1. Is there a significant difference in the level of credit capacity of
borrowers in terms of liquidity, solvency and profitability
when grouped according to nature of business and capitalization?
Formulate a general objective, and specific objectives: 2 descriptive and 3 inferential objectives based on the given research title. After
which formulate 3 hypotheses.
Research Title: Utilization of Financial Information on Financing Decisions and Financial Performance of Hotel Businesses
Decision-makers’ profile: sex and length of work experience
Hotel Profile: length of operation and capitalization
Indicators of Financing Decisions: debt Financing and equity financing
Indicators of Financial Performance: revenue, cost and profit
General Objectives
This study aims to determine utilization of financial information on
financing decisions and financial performance of hotel businesses.
Specific Objectives:
1. What is the extent of utilization of financial information on financing
decisions in terms of:
a. debt financing; and
b. equity financing
as whole and when participants are grouped according to sex and
length of work experience?
2. What is the level of financial performance in terms of:
a. revenue;
b. cost; and
c. profit
as whole and when hotel businesses are grouped according to
length of operations and capitalization?
Inferential Objectives:
1. Is there a significant difference in the extent of utilization of
financial information on financing decisions in terms of debt financing
and equity financing when participants are grouped according to sex
and length of work experience or profile variables?
Strategic management: A global perspective (2018). (7th
Edition) New York, NY: McGraw Hill
2. Is there a significant difference in the level of revenue collections in
terms of average annual collection of principal amount and average
annual collection of interest when lending institutions are grouped
according to number of employees and business location?
3. Is there a significant relationship between level of credit capacity of
borrowers and level of revenue collection of select lending
institutions?
Hypothesis/es:
1. There is no significant difference in the level of credit capacity of
borrowers in terms of liquidity, solvency and profitability when
grouped according to nature of business and capitalization.
2. There is no significant difference in the level of revenue collections
in terms of average annual collection of principal amount and
average annual collection of in when lending institutions are grouped
according to number of employees and business location.
3. There is no significant relationship between level of credit capacity
of borrowers and level of revenue collection of select lending
institutions.
2. Is there a significant difference in the level of financial performance
in terms of revenue, cost and profit when hotel businesses are
grouped according to length of operations and capitalization?
3. Is there a significant relationship between extent of utilization of
financial information on financing decisions and level of financial
performance of hotel businesses?
Hypotheses:
1. There is no significant difference in the extent of utilization of
financial information on financing decisions in terms of debt financing
and equity financing when participants are grouped according to sex
and length of experience or decision-makers’ variable or profile
variables.
2. There is no significant difference in the level of financial
performance in terms of revenue, cost and profit when hotel
businesses are grouped according to length of operations and
capitalization.
3. There is no significant relationship between extent of utilization of
financial information on financing decisions and level of financial
performance of hotel businesses.