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umnr~bUlGJW Ofl~wGGbr ' L4WLW!1, ~n6'1W!1llWU1, untum4Gbp Ll WJLG) ,
pwp~flnL(}JwG Ll ~bGuwhwllw~wr~mli mGbgw6 11rrer mwppbrm(}JmG-
Gbp~. hwllwmb11 w6n11 pmjubpr tumlipG t: npL4bu ~wGnG, mwrpbp hwp-
~bp 4wqliwl{nrl{w6 bG tllwppbp ~bGuw4wG ~Llbfl~g :
131

v llnLflU qwl wnw2rG hwr4: upwGJ? UJWLn4wGmu bG, WJUUJbu 4niLI,w6, wG-
IV
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II
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I hnq/l !jbrf!D zbf1tnb(1{}, II - hnq/l uwljbf!bU{} (a - uwunw;f!u 6w6/.jntJfl,
b - pwtj!tjw6 mbruubr/l zbrmJ, Ill - funmw;flu hwr4. IV - pt/lbrf! hwr4.
V- 6wnw;/lD hwrlj:
1. UflpwtnDbrf! fJf1pntf1Ubf1, 2. uu/.jbf1, 3. pwljtnbr/lwubf1, 4. 4tnf1 nrf1bf1,
5. uflwpp/lp 0(1qwuflquubf1, 6. wudrunrq. 7. pwquntnwufl, 8. pbtj!mljwp/J
{}(1{}nt(1, 9. Wj6jWU, 10. uflpwtn, 11. Omnwlj, 12. 6!j6!jfllj, 13. UW(!fl, 14. pm,
15. ulj;mn, 16. tj!w;tnt/lnr:
1wp4wJGnLpjmG[! wnwl(bL QWJLnnLG Wf1LnWhWJLnl(w6 t wGLnWI1WjpG
4bGuwhwliw4wpqbpmli bll.lJGmtnmli, un6mtnmli, 4w11.Gmtnmli, pntum-
Lnmli lJ WJLG: UOW2tJG[! wGLnWOWjpG hwp4G t, WJULnbll. unl(npwpWfl
ai.Jwll,npll,mli bG PW(lO(l 6wobp[! PWf10f1 llWUwll,npl(w6 Lnb[llJGbrnll,, npnG.Q
LWLI. bG LnLuwl(npll,mu wpbqw4pg: 2oqtnwqnp6ll,w6 LnLJU[! 4wf1n'1. bG 4LW-
GbL wLI.bLr gwor qtnGll,n11. ownbp[!, npnGJ? wnw2wgGmu bG br4rmrll hwp4o:
LmuwJtJG 6wnwqwn;~Gbpp liGwgw6 10%-[! 4LwGmu bG wGtnwnwptflb-
f1[!: UJG 4wqlinul bG ptflbp[! 1.1 ptflwGuwG 6wobp[!, oppGw4· wpnubGtJG,
mnbGtJG, LntuLbGpG IJ wnG: Pwg tnwpwo_gGbpmli IJ GnpliwL t4nLnqtJw4wG
UJWJliwGGbpmli zwtn 6wnwptflwJpG tnbuw4Gbp, tJGiUJOU wpnubGpG, mob-
GpO, l{WJfiP tnwGabGpG, tuGanrbGtJG lJ wnG, 4mGbGwJtJG pwpap ownbrr
tnbu_g: Uw4wJG pwpap 6wnbrtJ utnll,bpp tnw4 utnl(bpwJtJG UJWJliwGGb-
pmli lJ uGGilWJPG LnWflflbfltJ UJW4wumpjwG llbUJJ?nLU WJil tnbuw4Gbfl[!
llWLnWUJWf1Lnll,w6 bG LtJGbL gw6pwhwuw4 lJ zwtn llOUJJ?nLU ubpubp iwnw-
132
2wgGn11. tnbuw4Gb[1: '1rwGml. tL UflWUJ? LnW[1pbrl(nu1 bG wGtnwnwjtJG
4bGuwhwuw4wpqtJ hw2nf11l hwr4tJg:
1w2nr11 hwr41:! 4wqumu bG uwtn'l.wzGbfl[!: '1rwGg bG UJWtn4wGmu
UWLnll.Wz, "i PWflO[l (1-3,5 u) OWilb[l[!, nrnGJ? WflW2P4WJnLU 4wf1n'1. bG
tnwo wnw2wgGn11. 6wobptJG (bll.LlGtJG, un!lpG, 4Wil.GtJG, hw!lwrbGpG, pn-
tutJG, hwgbGtJG I.J wnG):
Urbqw4GwjpG 6wowqwjpGbptJ 1-5%-[! oqtnwqnp6nu~ bG tunLnwJtJG
pnLjUb[l[!, nrnGJ? WllW2W9UnLU bG, WJUUjbU 4niLI,W6, tuntnwpmuwptflm-
LnWjtJG hwp4: UJu hwr4rG bG UJWtn4wGmli UJLnbpGbp[!, wGtnwowJpG tun-
tnwpmJubp[!, ppl(wm!mJLn[!, linptJG, hWUJWLWUbGtJG:
Y.bpqbtnGJw hwr41:! 4wqunulbG uwuoWJ?WflWJ?nuwJtJG tnbuw4Gbrl:!:
UJUUJpunl( wGtnwowJtJG 4bGuwhwliw4wrqmu wnwGOGwGmli bG 6w-
nwJpG, wGtnwnwptflwJpG, UWLnll.WZWJpG, tuntnwpmuwptflwJtJG, liwlinw-
J?WflW.QnUWJpG hwp4bfl[!: 1wp4 t GzbL. nr hwr4bfl[! 4wrnll. bG J?Pi LtJGbL
(ortJGw4 pwgw4WJnLU bG ptflbp[!), 4wli zwtn L!lGbL (tuwn[! PWflll wG-
LnwnGbrmu uw11.wrpwturtn lJ tflzwtnbrl.l): UGtnwop hwr4brr ub2 ibG
Gbrwnl(mli LrwGGbfl[!, tUJtJ:j:lptnGbp[! (nLflP2 pmjubpp Ll.rw WUJflnll., uw-
4wJG ni liw4wpmj6 pnLJUbfl, 0[1pGw4· liwlimnGbp[! I.J .QWflWJ?nuGb[l[! 6w-
nbrtJ pGbptJ l(rw), rGiUJbu Gwi.J liw4wpnLJ6 pnLJubp[!, nrnGJ? UJWLn4w-
Gmli bG WflLnWhWf14WJpG pmjubrtJG, J?WGp nr lld'l{W(l t GrwGg l(bpwqrbL
nrut 4nG4flbLn hwr4tJ: U[lUWilWflOWJpG wGtnwnGbrnul hwp4bf1[! 2WLn
lld't.lwr t wnwGaGwglibL. pbl.l tnwppbp 6wnwtnbuw4Gbr mGbG LnWflpbfl
pwrormpJmGGbp:
tuntnwpmuwJpG hwliw4bgmpjmGGbpmli, pbi.J GpwG_g J?Pi hwp4bfl bG
wnw2wgGmli, GnLJGUJbu wnwGaGwgl(mli bG hwr4bp: Unl(npwpwr wnw-
2tJG hwr41:! 4wqlimu bG hwgwpmJubp[! lJ WJL pwqliWUJW tuntnwpnLJubp:
UJGmhbtnl.l qwlru t ur2rG pwrapmpJwG tuntnwpmJubpp bfl4rnrll hwr41:!:
Um hwr4L'! 4wf1n'1. bG 4wqlibLliwpqwqbtnGwJtJG bpbJ?Gm4L'!. wGhnLn brr-
gm4L'! l.J WJL tnbuw4Gbp: brrnrll hwp4tJG 4wf1bLtJ t llWUbL uwqwpwp[!,
211.WtunLn[! lJ wnG: 1Wf14WJGnLpjnLU[! pGnpnz t Gwl.l pnLJUbflll ULnnpqbtnG-
JW uwubppG: UJilUJtJup hwp4bfl wnwGaGwgl(mu bG hn11.tJg uGG!lWGJmpbp
tuwGn11. wpllwtnGbptJ tunrmpJmGGbpp hpliwG Ll,pw:
4bGuwhwuw4wpqp utnnpqbtnGJw hwr4wJGmpJnLG[! hGwpwl(npm-
PJnLG t LnWLtJu WflllJmGwl(btn oqtnwqnp6bLm hn11.n tnwrpbp zbptnbpmu
qtnGLI.n'l. hwG_pwJtJG Wll.bfl[!: UtnnpqbtnGJw hwp4bfl[! ni litJ2Ln t hbztn LnWfl-
pbflbL • .QWGp nr WflUWLnGbpp hpuGw4wG qwGql[WO[! qLnGL[mli t _hnll.r
wlibGwpwrap· 20-30 uli zbptnnul: UJGmwubGwjGpl(, hw!lwtu 4WflbLtJ t
wnwGaGwgGbL 2-3 lJ GnLJGtJu4 wl(bLr 2WLn utnnrqbLnGJW hwp4br:
133
 ~flWJ~U hwliwljbgmpjmGGbflnul pwg~ WflliWtnGbp~g I.J ljn6rJ.WflliWUl·
Ll.bnn GzLI.wo pwztuLI.wompJmGOI:iro huwrwLI.nnmpJmGGbn l:iG umbrJ.6mtl
ul:in~g tnwflpl:irnu.'i bu hbtni.JJWL hwr41:irn
oqmwqnnobL mwnpbfl ml:iuw4r tl~4rnwll.lfll:iLWLnbrJ.bf1[!: tutlpwLI.nnmtlubn
• Ll.bfl2flJW pntJUOfl,
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• lnrJ.wgnrJ. pmJUbfl,
~wo~ nn GnwG~ wnwLI.bt Wfl'lJmGwijl:im bG oqmwqnnomtl 4bnwJpG UIW-
• 211WJ~U pwfl(lp pmJUOfl, zwrGI:ino: llw tlpwctwliwGwl.j hwGqbgGmtl t ljbGuwhwtlwljwnqbnmtl mb-
• 2f1WJ~O gwor pmJubp,
uwl.jGbflp pwqtlwqwGmpJWU[!, GLI.lwummtl t Gnw 4wJmGmpJWU[! l.J l.jbG-
• hwtnwljwJ~G pnLJubr (2fl~limnubr): umGwl.jmpJWU[!:
=iwp41:irnLI. pnLJUI:ifll'l 'lwuwLtnrmpJwG OliwG. l.jbGuwhwliw4wnql:irmli
l=!muwl.jwG l.jb0uwhwtlw4wnq~ hnnpqnGwl.jwG ljwnmgijwo~p mwr-
UlWflpbfl tnbuwl.jp ljb0'1WG~Gbf1 UnLJULI.lbU qpwrJ.bgGmu bG nrnzwl.jn liw-
nw4wG upwijnrGI:ifl bG tlpl.jf1nhwtlw4wnqbf1[! I.J upl.jnntutlpwLI.nnmuGI::ifl[!:
l.jwp'lw4GI:in: =inrJ.mli WLI.lflnlli bG hnrJ.WJllG nr'll:il1. uwurtubr. hnrJ.w~nr
Upqpnhwuwqwpq.n (hmuwnbu· « tlJ14nnu, - ~n~n ll << l.jnJGnu'' - oG'l-
l.jl::iG'lWU~GI::ir: raw~ijwo UlOflUUbflp UlWI.j WLI.lflnlli bG Ulwppbfl pwqOnUlW-
hwGmn) l.jbGuwhwtlw4wnq~ hnnpqnOwljwG pwztuLI.wompJwG wtlbGw-
G~Gbf1, tn~ql::ip,. li~2WtnGbfl 1J WJL l.jbG'lWGpubn: UGtnwll~ Ll.bflpU hwfll.jl::i-
~n~n tlpwLtnnG t, nrG mOp JnLf1Whwtnm4 PWI'J.W'lflnLPJWU ljwnmgijwo~.
flnLli pGW'lPnLli bG Pll!ntGGbp[!, [!U'l nnmli, nnnzGbp[! l.jwpnrJ. bG uGLI.bL I.J
'll10wtlpl.jw l.J wtlpnrJ.2W4wGmpjmG: ·
pGW'lflbL Ll.bf1pG hwrl.jmtl, liJntuGbp[! p~mtnGI:irmtl, pul.j bf1f1"f1'1UI:ifl[!
UpqpnfuUJ!Wtlnpmun lib4 ljwtl up ~wG~ tnbuwl.jGbflp wnwG()GJw4Gb-
qbtnO~ tlw41:irl:iupG:
11P tutlpwLI.nrmtlul:irG t hwr4P ubnuma: On~Owlf uwtlnwJpG hwn4mll 4w-
=iwr4wJGntpJntU[! pGnrnz t Gwi.J onijl:irpG I.J oijlj~wGnuGI:ifl~ ljl:iGuwhw-
rl:iLP t wnwO()GwgGbt tlwtlmnOI:irp LnWflpl:if1 pobr: tunmwpnLuwp~mmw­
uwljwrql:ir~G: "ltwCiqmnCiwJI1Ci (wqwtn LnrJ.wgnrJ.) tnwppl:ifl ml:iuwl.jGbfl
JpG hwr4mtl l.jwrl:iL~ t wnwG()OwgGbt tlp ~wOp tlJ14rntuupwijnnmtlOI:ir
WLI.lflnLO bG 21111 tnwppl:ip tunpmpJmGGbp~ Ll.rw: Swrpl:ir tunrmpJmGGI:inr
hWUIWLWUWJpU, hWUIWLWUWWilijnLJLnWJpU, WllijnLJLnWU.'f>wqGpnttlWjpG I.J
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Ltmtl: UnijnflWPWfl UflWU~ WllW2WgGmtl l:iG tuupwijnrmtlGI:ir: UJ'lli.IPUP
mllmu bO "! tlbl.jmuwgijwo, unLtnrwpwr tlptlJwGg ub2 umGnrJ. mwrpl::ifl
tulipwLI.nrmtlGI::ifl[! nrnzmtl bG ljbGuwhwuwljwrqp hnrpqnOwl.jwG l.jw-
tnbuwljp ~ntuhwrwpl:if1nLpJm0Gbr: UJ'lli.IPU~ nLrJ.rJ.W411 1.J wGmrJ.rJ.W4P
nmgijw6~[!. 'lW mbuw411 wnwG{l0Jw4GI:irr hnnpqnGwljwG tnbrJ.wpwz-
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tumtlG t. nr~ oGpwg~mli OI.JwLI.nrLI.mli l:iG mwnpl:ifl tnbuwl.j~ GwtuzwLI.nr.
1) uCiCillWJpCi, 2) mtqwCiewJpCi, 3) U1l:iqwlfmtuuwCi, 4) qwnmgnqwqwCi
tu6w0ljWflWJp0, powijnr 'lWUWLI.nnmpjntGObfl: utlwG tnbrJ.wpwztuuwG
mbuwl.jul:inr:
oppGwl.jGbpiJ pwqtlwqwG l:iG: OnijwjpO (lljObfl[! huljwjwljwG tlbompJwG
UCiCifl.WJpO {mpn!ppq) hwpwptpmpjmOOl:ipCi wnw2wGmtl l:iG WJO
Ll.tnwnGbrmLI. tnbrJ.~9 tnl:irJ. l:iG mbrJ.w~ntuLI.mtl: lfl:io l:inwtlGI:ip l:iG ljwqtlmtl
ctwliwGwl.j, bf1p l.jbGuwhwliwl.jwrqmtl ubl.j mbuwlj[! uGijmtl t liJnLUnij
!LI.nrJ. 2flWLnrJ. Pll!mGGI:iro: =iJmupuwlil:in~4JWG hJmupuwJrG l:irJ.2I:inmGI:ino·
(l.jwli tL Gnwug tlwhwgw6 tlGwgnr'lul:innLI.. ljwa tL l.jbGuwqnn6mGbmpJwG
qwppJ!nLCi, LnnLU'lflWJ~ UjWjtlwQGbpmtl WllW2WgGmtl bG hul.jWJWljWO hn-
tlGwgnn'lGI:innil.): flwmplj pql:iq[! uGijmli t LLI.f16GbnnLI.. 4n4.n tlwnqwqbm-
Ulbfl: =JwrwLI.wtlbn~4JwG wruw'lwn()Gbnmtl lifl2JntGOI:ipfl tutlpbfl[!, qp0-
Gmtl mmmli t tunmwpmJubn. qWJL[! uGLI.nu.'i t Gwll.lwumwl.jGbnnLI.: UJu pn-
Ltw6 hqnn 6GnmGI:irmLI.. tuwJpbLnLI. hwnOwl.jliwG l:iG qGmtl· rnl:iGg 6wGw-
L"Il mbuw4Gbrl1 tli121.J qnnomtl bG mrJ.rtw411 u00'1WJ~G 4wll.lbn:
UIWflh~G n!G!wgGbLnLI. pnLnflpG, nnnG~ !l:iG hwugnl:iL ljwtl !l:iG 4wf1nrJ.wgl:iL
StqwCiewJpO (UlnlltPla) hwpwJ!I:ipnLpJnLCiCil:ip(! pGmpwqrLI.mtl bG tlp
~wtu!l:iL ~fl4LI.bL:
mbuwljp WLI.lf1bLWLnbrtbf1p ~n~ntumpJm0Gbf1[! lijmu mbuwljp ljbGuwqnn-
utlwG OflpGwl.jObfl l.jwnl:iLr t pbfll:iL pnLJUOflpQ. l:inl:i~Gm4o tlwnqwqbm-
omGI:impJwG ~n~ntuuwtlp: trJ.llGpG, lipGbgGI:iLnLI. hnrJ.[!, WJULnbrJ.pg 'lnL[IU
Gmtl ljwnnrJ. t pwztuLI.wo LflGI:iL p6wLI.nn. tlwtlnmGbpo 1J ~wnw~nuGbp[!
t OrJ.mu Lmuwul:in tnbuwl.jGI:in~G. tlwlimnGI:if1[! l.J ~wrw~nuubno pGwljijmtl
mmG'lflWJmu I.Ju l.jwrnrJ.I:iG pwztuLI.w6Lf101:iL potnr (li.JnLI.. l.jwtl ppLI.wnLI.mJ-
bG ownbnfl pGI:in~ Ll.rw: Pntnr WJ'l onqwG~qtlGI:irn PflWfl hbtn 4WUILI.W6
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StqwlfmtuuwCi qwtqtp bG tlp mbuwljptlwuGwljgmpJmGo llJmu ml::i-
134
135
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4.WLbq4.r ub11ob11o. 4w11n11. bu 4l4~bL ljwJ:}uwumuubl1r Pl11lru I.J mbll.w-
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mwq.npomo bG OJnLu mbuwlJr ljbGuwq.n11omubmJ:}JWG ouwgn111lGb11o. ob-
nwo ouwgn111lGb11[!. ljwo tL Ont.JurulJ OJnLU mbuwljr ljbG!lwur o11q.wurqo-
Ob11[!. o11rGwlj' pn~mGObl1[! ljwnmgmo bG pub11 pnt.JUb11r ~n11 6JnLI'J.I:il1r9.
ljwpuwumGGbl1r Pl11lr9. tumnwpnLJubprg I.J wnG : OrrGwljGbi11J pwqow-
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<<tl,fnLnq.rwljwu tun112» hwul,fwgmJ:}JnLG[! q.rtnmJ:}JWG ub2 t umg4_bL
wobl1r4wgr4bG!lwGwpwG-pGwul:il1 St Q.prGtLr (1914) I.J wGq.Lrwgr tl,fn-
Lnq. 'J. tLll1nGI1 4nll.lirg (1927): Q.rrubw pn~muub11r WL411bLwlilbll.bi11J
G4WI1WQ.11bLilu wnw2w114bL t <<t4nLnq.rwl,fwu tun112" hwuljwgmpJmGo :
uw 04WI1WQ.I1bl t pn~mOGb11r uuowG wnwuoGwhwmljmpJmuGbfiQ ,
pOW!lfiOWG I.J WJl hWfiOWI1WG.QGbl1, n11nG.Q L4WJOWGw4_npmu b(j Ulbi'J.W-
tuopbl11l mbi'J.[! hwuwljbgnt.J:}JmunLo: ,, hJnl12» hwuljwgnLJ}JWG mwl,f q.l1r0b-
LQ pun11n2bl t mbuwljr LI1WI1W04_wompJWU wobuwtJlnJ?I1 orw4.ni1Q: tuni1-
21J pGmpwq.11bLnL QGJ:}WQJ?nLO Gw obo Gzwuwl,fmpjmu t m4.bL uroJwug
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OlJW11WQ.11bL t "11L4bU U14.JWL 011Q.WGrqur Ull:i'l[! hwuwl,fbgnLJ:}JnLUnLU , U11W
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tl,fnLnq. Q. tuwm~ruunGQ, hwuwowjG G11w oi.Jw4bi1L40Wu' tlinLnqf1wliwu
funfll/1 U7WflW&mp;wu w;u uwuu t, n{l/1 qn{l&nuulifl/1 wnwt.lliL pwflli•
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136
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217
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223
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tunufJm.Jfr Wf14bLng: Umb11.6Ll.bL t 1958 ~Ll.wljwu~u. qmull.mli t Uqwm
l.J tunulln4. qbmbll~ w4.wqwuubllmli'1400-2250 tl PWilOilnL~Jmuubll~
uwhliwuubllmli l.J qllwll.mli t 29196 hw mwllw6m~Jmu: UJumbrt UjWh-
UjWGLl.mli bu LjbULilllnuwljwu 1WjWULilWU~ !nil unUilWULilWI1WJ~U m Lj~­
UWWUWUjWLilWJ~U LWUfl2W4>mubll[!' llllWUQ pmuwljwu m Ljbuflwuwljwu
bqwlj~ hwliwljbgm~Jmuublln4.:
UllqbLng~ PWil01lW4Wilq, wun~wll.nll 4>LnllWU UjWilnLUWLjmli t 1500
pmuwmbuwlj, nllQ Ljwqlimli t 1wjwumwu~ 4>LnllWJ~ llnm 50%-Q: f"J.Ilwu-
g~g 146-Q qllwug4.w6 bu 11 l.J uwtulj~u tuU1U-~ «4Willl~ll qllQbllmlin:
UJumbrt UjWhUjwGLl.mll bu li2wlJwpnLJUbll~ Ll.wJil~ gbrtwLJ~gubllQ.
Ujlil'l.WLilnLUbll~9· Ll.WJil~ mwuObu~u. uqu~u. U2b(j~(j l.J WJLU, hwgwqq~ub­
ll~g· w2nllw 4.w4.~Lm{~: UllqbLngmll UjWhUjwGLl.mll bu q~hm l.J LJwrtum
unull wumwnubllQ, Lbnuwj~u QUblln4>~mubllQ l.J WJLfi:
UllqbLng~ l11Wilw6emll Ljw~uwumuubllQ ubll4WJwg4.w6 bu 55 mbuw-
Ljn4., nllnug~g bu WfilllllJnLl.LjWUJWU qnll2 Wll2Q, Ll.WilWq[!, LWJUWLjWU2
nqu~fi, hwj~wljw{i llm4>LnU[!, pbqnWilJWU WJ6[!, LnLUWU[!, qWJL[!, WrtLl.bU[!,
QuawnJm6Q l.J wnu: 1wufl~Ujmll bfi fiwl.J ~n~muubll~ 142, un11muubll~ 33
u li~ 2WilQ bll44bugwrtubll~ m Oljubll~ 5 mbuwljubll:
UllqbLngmll wun'l.UW2WilWLl.nll LjbUflWU~fibll~ hwmmlj hw24.wnmli ~~
~llW~WuwgLl.bL, UW~WJU hWfill~UjnL!l bu ll~2Wl11Ubll~. UWilllWlJbllUjbll~.
tubgqbmuwlJbllUjbll~ qwuwqwu mbuwljubll: la~~bnubll~ li~ QWU~ mb-
uwljubll qllwug4.w6 bu uwtu4~u tuU1U « 4wllli~ll qllemli,,:
Cfrl!whnqfr Wf14bLng: Umb11.6Ll.bL t 1958 ~Ll.wljwu~u. qmull.mli t hwu-
252
llWUjbmm~Jwu hwllwLl.wJ~u liwunur <5w4.l.J C~Ljwhnrt qbmbll~ wll.wqwu-
ubllmli: Dpwrtbgumli t 10330 hw LI1WilW6m~jmu' 700-2400 li PWilOilnL-
~JnLUUbll~ uwhliwuubllmli: 'TJwhUjWUnL~JWU Opjbljmubllu bu LJwrtummw-
pntummWJ~U wumwnubllQ l.J llllWug punlln2 pmuwljwu l.J Ljbuflwuwljwu
hwliwljbgm~jmuubllQ:
'-lwrtum l.J pntum hbm hwufl~Ujmli bu Ljb~~u. Wllllbuwu hw6wllbu~u.
Quljmqbu~u l.J wnu: Uumwn~ Ll.bll~u uwhliwuubllmli· 2400-2600 li pwlla-
llnL~Jwu Ll.llw. w6mli bu bu~WLUjJwu LJwrtum, Ljb~m. Wllnubum, q~hm
tuwnQ hwliwljbgm~Jmuubll: UllqbLngmli w6mli bu hwqll.wqjmm nbL~4-
l11WJ~u Ujlilbllubll' ~ctWLbqm unLl.nllwlJwu, Wll64.WUjlilbll llll~lijWU, au6w-
11~4 WUillllJnLl.Ljwujwu, tunLnllO~, h~ll~LJ~. Ljwljw~~. 2Uilbrt~. tuLnll.jmq~
LilWilPblllilbuwljubll: U6mli bu tG!lbli~Lj 2Wl11 mbuwljubll' mwuabu~ Dwu-
qbqmll~. linllbU~ lawtul11W2JWU~, Ll.WilflWljwljw~ tu664.w6 l.J WJLU:
11 « YWilli~ll qllQnLli» ubllwn4.w6 t 2nlll2 70 pmuwmbuwlj:
UllqbLng~ 4>wmuwJ~ hw24.wnmli 11bnl.Ju !~ ~llw4wuwg4.w6:
«4Willi~ll qllemli» qllwug4.w6 mbuwljubll~Q bu Ljwull.j~wljwu huflljw-
hwll.Q. qwnuwuqrt[!. ul.J wuqrt[!. UUj~LilWLjWqLmtu wuqrt[! l.J WJLU: Unrtmu-
Ubll~Q hwull~Ujmli bu llbrtuw~.Pnll~lJIJ, qJnLilqWu, 21lWJ~U Lnllmmu: '-lw~­
uwumuubll~9 l11WilW64.w6 bu qnll2nLlJ[!, qnll2 UWUjWULilWlj[!, LjqwQ~U[!,
WULilWrlWJ~U Ljwmmu, Wj6jWL'i[!, qWJL[!, 2UWqWJL[!, WrtLl.bU[!, pbqnWilJWU
Wj6[! l.J WJLU:
t(Jbpmufr Wf14bLng: Umbrt64.bL t 1981 ~-. qmull.mli t '-lnmwm~ l.J Ullw-
llWLil~ liwllqbll~ uwhliwuubllmli· tlll.Jwu~ 21l2W4wmmli: Dpwrtbgumli t
89 hw mwllw6e: UJumbrt UjWhUjwGLl.mli bu LbnuwJ~u eublln4>~m, tullbli~4
l.J bqwlj~ puwljwu hwliwL~Ilubll •.Ll.WJil~ hwgwqq~ubll~ qbun4>nu11~ UjWh-
UjWum~Jwu 02Wtuubll: UllqbLngu mu~ hWilnLULil m pwqliwqwu pmuw-
Ljwum~jmu' Ljwqli4.w6 293 mbuwljubll~g: Pmuwljwu hwliwljbgm~Jmu­
ubllQ h~liuwljwumli Ljwqli4.w6 bu li~WlijW hwgwqq~Ubll~Q· W2nllW 4.w-
4.~Ln4.~, gnllbU UllWilWLilJWU, gnllbU Ll.WJil~ li~whwm~Lj. gnllbU nlllWil-
LilnL~ U WJLu: 1WUfl~Ujmli bu uwl.J WJL hwqLl.wqjnLLil wuhbmwgnrtmbuwlj-
ubll, nllnUQ qllwug4.w6 bu 11 «YWilli~ll qllQnLlin: f"J.Ilwug~g bu h~ll~4
gwugwLl.nllQ, WllliWLilWqLtu~Lj WllUbLJWU[! l.J WJLU:
'-lbuflwuwljwu w2tuwllhu WJumbrt ubll4WJwg4.w6 t 17 mbuwlj~ un-
rtmuubllnll.' linrtbuwlJbllUj oaQ, qJmllqwu, uwhuoa~ LilWilPbllmbuwljubll,
nuljbqnlju liwpmjWU, blllJWilWnlil ug~ulj[! l.J WJLU:
tll44bugwrtubll~9 hwull~Ujmli bu L6wqnlll111J, Ljwuw~ llnlln21J, ~nell­
wu~wljwu 6wnwqnlll11Q:
lan~muubll~Q WJULilbrt hWUfl~UjnLli bu qllb~b 50 mbuwlj, nllnug~g
m2wqllw4. bu LnllQ, lintullwqmJu Ljwewll.Q. unll.nllwljwu l11WLilllW41J, un-
253
t.l.npw~wG pwqbG, u~Gw6mnw~IJ. mGwjpll Pt.I.P~IJ. Gbp~wpwpiJ I.J wnG:
4w~GwumGGbppg mwpw6t.l.w6 bG WI'J.t.l.bu[!, w_epuiJ, [.jqw_epUIJ, qWJLIJ,
qnpzm~IJ I.J wnG:
12. <UOOUSlllJfl UQQUBfllJ fJ)UP4bP~
UqqwJflti U/Wflltbfl(! tltntnqflwltwti, U/Wifll1wl1zwf.tmpwJ/lfi, qt;qwq/1-
mwf.twti wndbp tibnf.twJwgtinq ptiwf.twti hwl1wtflf1tibf1 bti, nf1mbq ptiw-
UJWhUjwliwf.twli fulirJ/lf1libf1/1 [nLOntiJlibf1{! qmqnf1rJI.{ntl1 bti wqqwptiwlt-
znLPJWfi /.int[lflnL(IWqWfi hwtiqumfl, [nLUWI.{nf1l_Wqwti [J lfllilfll:iUWqWli wz-
fuwmwlipfib/1/1 ltwql1wf.tbf1UJOwli hbm: UqqwptiwltznLPJWti f.tmtmmpw-
f.twli hwfiqum/1, [nLUWI.{nf1l_WqWfi WZfuWiflWUJ}Ubf1flf.twqiJwf.tiJf1UjOWU hW-
0Wf1 wlig bti f.twgtimiJ 6wliWU/Wf1hlibf1, mntf1flumwqwti bf1pntqflubf1, h/111-
fiWfJf1nLO bti ptintpjwli pwfiqWf1Wfifibf1:
UqqwjpG UJWp[.jbpp qltuwt.l.np tuGI)pfl[! zwpmGw[.jt.l.nLU t llGWL pmuw-
[.jwG, [.jbGI)wGw~wG m uG~wjpG ml:iuw~Gbpp IJ p(im~jWG hwllWLPP UJWh-
UJWUnL~JnLU[!, npp hwuwfl wnwGaGwgt.l.mli bG pGm~JwG hwmm[.j qnp-
6wnGw[.jwG qnmpGI:ip:
«Ubw[i,, wqqWJfl{i IJIW{1/.i: «UllwG" wqqwjpG UJWPL!IJ hpllGt.l.bt t
1978 ~t.l.w[.jwGpG: CGI)qp[.jmu t UllwGw LOP hwJI:iLilG IJ LOP liw~Wfli)W[.jp
P2bgmupg wqwmt.l.w6 mwpw6pGI:if11J: !lpwrtbgGmu t 151,1 000 hw mw-
pw6p, nppg 24,8 000 hw gwllwpwjpG t:
«UI.JWG» wqqwjpG UJWp[.jp UlWflWO_emu l.J Gpw ll.IWhUjwGw[.jwG qn-
mmll hwzt.l.wnt.l.w6 bG wt.l.btll pwG 1600 mbuw[.jp pwpapw[.jwpq pnLJubp:
L6pg wqwmt.l.w6 hni'J.wmwpw6pGI:ipp t.l.rw hpuGWflflt.l.l:iL bG wphbumw~wG
wGmwnGI:ip, npnGp ppbGgpg Gl:ip~wJwgGmu bu un6m, pwpl)m, 41zwml::i-
Gm, !ll!tuwGp I.J up zwpp WJL 6wnbpp m ~4'Jbpp hwllw[.jbgm~jntGGtp: Uju-
Ull::irt pwt.l.w~w(i zwm mwpw6t.l.w6 bG qwqbp[!, nqGw~lipbp[!, npnGg ~t.l.mli
[.jwG pwquw~pt.l. hwqt.l.wqJnLUl I.J wGhbmwgnrt mbuw[.jGI:ip: 4wmwpt.l.bt t
UI.JwGp wt.l.wqwGp hwqt.l.wq.Jmm lJ wGhbmwgnrt pmuwmbuw[.jGtpp Gwtu-
Gw[.jwu hwzt.l.bqpmli (U. Pwpul::irtJWG, 1996): PwgwhWJUlt.l.bL bG UJWZUl-
UJWUnLpjnLU hWJQnrt zm112 165 6wrtl!wt.l.nfl pmuwmtuw~Gtp, npnGgpg
60-[! qpwGgt.l.w6 t ,, « 4wplipp qppmll»: npnzt.l.bL bG UIJwGp wt.l.wqwGp
hwqt.I.WqjnLUl pmjubpp hl::iUlUJWl ~wml:iqnppw(ibp[!. wuhbmwgw6 mb-
uw[.jGbp' 9, wGhbrnwgnrt mbuw[.jGbp' 40, hwqt.l.wq.Jmrn mbuw~Gbp' 60,
~powmt.l.nrt mbuw[.jGtp' 56:
UqqwjpG ll.IWP~P ~bGnwGw[.jwu wztuwph[! Gbpl.jwjwgt.l.w6 t 2flWjpG I.J
gwliwpwjpG [.jbGI)wGpGbpnt.l.: ,WGI)pUJnul bG 34 mtuw[.jp ~w~GwumG-
254
Gbp, 267 mbuw[.jp ~ntmGGI:ip, 17 ml:iuw[.jp Uni'J.mGGtp, 3 ml:iuw[.jh l:ip[.j[.jl:iG-
gwi'J.I:il:ip I.J 5 mbuw[.jp o[.jGtp:
,WJwumwup «4wpupp qp_emu, qpwfigt.l.w6 ~ntmfiutppg wqqWJhG
ll.IWPL!P mwpw6_emu wnwGoGwgt.l.w6 bG ul:i6 o[.ju~mw. 4'Jn.ep o[.jG[.jmm,
ub6 Ull.IPUlW[.j UlWill:ii'J.IJ, EW2WhWt.I.IJ, unt.l.npw[.jwG ~LWilpuqnG, [.jwulni'J.
l.jWflWll.IIJ, tuWJUlWpi'J.bUl pwrm, hwjl.jW~WG npnpiJ, nmGWQnLlliP~IJ:
4w~GwumGubppg hWGI)fllllntU bG qnpz W(121J, WI'J.t.l.l::iu[!, zGwqWJL[!, nq-
Gpu, w.efluiJ, ~qw_epu!J, 211wuwummr:! I.J wn G: UnrtmGGI:ippg hwunpll.lntu
bG Ull.IPU1Wl.jw4'Jnn llni'J.bU[!, Gwp(lJWU llni'J.bU[!, nnumnupb[.jnt.l.p Uni'J.I:iUIJ,
hwJ[.jw[.jwG llni'J.tm[!, ool:inflg' 2PWJpG 1.J unt.l.npw[.jwG LnpmnLGI:ip[!, llii'J.GOo-
OIJ, l:ipi.JwujWU mw4'JwumwuwjpG pet[!: Gfll.j~bGQWI'J.UbflpQ LWJU mwpw6-
t.l.w6 bG ~wGw1 '1nl)n2[!, L«iwqnpm(! I.J 4'Jn_epwupw~wG qnpm[!: :J[.jGI:ippg
qpwGgt.l.w6 l:iG ~Wfllipwf'uWJUliJ, UI.Jwfip flztuwG[!. Pfl 2 bu~wmbuw[.jubpnt.l.
(qbi'J.WflpmGp I.J WUWilWJPU nztuwG, UJnLU bp~m t;(j~wmbuw[.jGI:ip[! (Mb-
llWjpG rztuwG I.J pn2W~). W(ll)l:iG t.l.l:iflWQI:iL bG t6pg), upq[!, Ul.JwGp pbi'J.LntG,
UI.Jwup 4nrtw4r:! ll wp6w~w4'Jwn ~wpwu(!:
'TJwpl.j[! pwctwGt.l.mll t 3 qnp6wnw[.jwG qnmpGbflp· WflQ.I:iLnQWJpG, nl:i[.j-
fll:iwgpwJpG, mumbuw[.jwG:
'TJwp[.jp mwnw6pmll wnwGoGwgt.l.w6 bG 4 WflQ.btngGbp' 3700 hw IJUI)·
hwumn uw[.jtntmnt.l., 10 wpql:iLwt.l.wJntn'qbmbflp pl:ipwGGbppg u[.juw6
500 ll bp~wpm~Jwlip, flGtll.ll:iU Gwl.J 7200 hw nb~pbwgpwjpG mwpw6_e,
nppg 3000 hw gwuwpwJpG t:
«?fltfiPW[i,, wqqWJfl{i IJIW{1q: 1958-2002 ~~· mGI:igbL t ll.ll:imw~wG
wnql:iLngp [.jwnqwt.l.f16w[.j, 2002 p-pg wqqwJpG ll!Wfl~ t: qmGt.l.mll t <t>wu-
pw[.jp, UnbqmGnt, Upw4'Jnpp, Q.mqwpwg tl:inGwzrt~wGI:ipp LWG2I:iflpG,
UI'J.uml.J l.J Q.bmp[.j qbmbpp wt.l.wqwGGbnntu· qpwrtbgGbLnt.l. 27995 hw mw-
nw6p: qmGt.l.mli t 6nt.l.f1 uw~Wpi)W~pg 1000-2300 ll pwpopm~jmGGI:ipp
uwhuwGGI:ipmli:
UJUUlbi'J. ll.IWhll.IWGnt~jwG bG t.l.bpgt.l.w6 [.jnt.I.~WUJWU UlPlliP llbqn~fll
wGmwnGI:ipiJ; hw6wnl:iGm ll ~wi'J.Gm hwuw[.jtgm~JmGGI:ifliJ, l!l:i!m bqw~n
UJnLpWl.j[!, wumwnwJpG hwqt.I.WQ.JnLUl ~wmGwG l.J Ujwmliw6wpmwnwll.lb-
mw[.jwG m pGm~JwG l:iqw[.jp hmzwpowGGI:iniJ:
UqqwJpG UJWfl~P pmuw[.jwG wztuwph[! [.jwqlit.l.w6 t linm 900 ml:iuw-
~pg, npnugpg 35-[! qpwGgt.l.w6 bu ,WJWUmwup l.J Gwf'u~pG tuU,U-p-
«4wpllpfl Q.fl.el:inmll»: 'lpwug ~t.l.mu [.jwu hwqt.l.wqJmm tuntnnMI:ip, hp-
pp[.jubfl, WflpWJWlliUW[.j I.J WJtG: UGmwnw~wqllnrt 6wnwmbuw~GI:iflG bG
hw6wpl:iGpG, mwGal:iGpG, un6pu, LnnbGpG, pu[.j t.l.bppG uwhliwGGbpmu· [.jb-
GpG: UGmwnw~4'Jmmubpmu hwunplllmll l:iG gwtuw~l:inwu, hnG, 6nJ1bGp,
q~tm, UWUnL(l l.J WJLG: npUjl:iU lll:iLfl~UlWJPU mbuw[.j' Gl:if14WJWQt.l.w6 t [.jb-
255
GpG: Uqq.wJpG lJ.lWI1~P 4bGI}wGw4wG wztuwrhl.'! Gbr~wjwg4_w6 t <I~Gbrp
10, br44bGgwll.Gbrp 4, un11.mGGb(lp 13, ~n~mGGbnp 147 !J 4w~GwumGGb-
11P 43 mbuw~Gbnn4.: :J~Gbrpg 4wrbtn t Gzbt ~wrulrwtuwJtn[!, 4mnr pbll.-
tmG, tb!14W<InL~[! I.J WJtG: fa12£nLGGbrpg ~n4_4WUJWG OWJ(1WhW4_[!, 4WUlJ.lp-
w~wG hGil4WhW4_[!, ewrw(16p4_[!, q.wn(iwQq.ll.[!: 4w~(iwum(i(ibppg WJU-
tnbll. pGw~4.mll bG tutmrllo. q.nnzm4o. ~qwenun. tmuwGn. wGmwnw4w-
mmG, lJ.lWj1U~w4wG U~Jnlll(! I.J wnG:
1wdwtuw~p hwGI}plJ.lmu b(i 4.wrwq[! I.J WJ6JWU[!, pu~ q.bmwtlbr<l mw-
rw6eGbpmtl 1WJWUtnwGp !J Gwtu~tJG tuU1U «4Wj10PI1 q.rebrnuh
Q.(lWGg4_w6 211WUWUnLJ11[!:
I'J)bmw4wG W(lQ.btW4.WJ110J1Q U2lnWlJ.lOU 4wtl dwuwGw4w4_n(1WlJ.lOU
wrzwGMiwg4_w6 WJG mwpw6eGbpG bG, nptnbll. WlJ.lwhnt{4_nLu bG pGw4wG
iWlflwGonL2WJpG, q.pmw4wG, lJ.lWtntlwuzw4m~wJpG, mGmbuw4wG wn-
dbe Gbp4wJwgGnll. hwtlwtflJlGbpfl li llflWGg mwnronn lJ.lWhlJ.lwGm~JmGG
m 4_bpwpmwf1rmuo: Upq.btwtlwmbnfl mwrw6emu uwhtlwGwlflw4t{ma
~wa wnq.bt4_mu t gwG~wgw6 q.nn6mGbm~JmG, np[! hw4wunLtl t wnq.b-
LW4.wJrbrp GlJ.lwmw4nG:
Unq.btw4.wmono 4wqtlwt{nn4.bt bG' u4uw6 1950-w4wG ~4.w4wGGb­
rtJg, 1111wGg wnwG<IGwgmun hpuGw4wGnul 4rmu t Clllw4wG pGnLJ~, hptl-
Gw4_np4_w6 £bG llrwGg mwnw6ewJpG uwhuwGGbnQ:
UJuon4.w llflnL~JwOp wnq.btw4.wmbpp 4.fldw~G wGatur~wr t: 1wupw-
lJ.lbtnm~JmGmu q.pwGg4_w6 bG 23 wpq.btw4.wmbr:
1. ccU/UCiWPWI'J/1 /.tl:iCint tqnt(1W/.t>> W(1Q.GLWL/WJ(1: 4wqow4_n(l4_bt t
1958 ~· 25 hw mwpw6m~JWG 4_pw: qm(i4_mu t 1WJwumwGp hJm-
uflu-wpltbLQmO Uflwlflnnn tbrzGwzll.~WJfl hwnw4.wnubuwu tW02brpG,
qbmf14 q.bmp w4_wqwumu 6n4_p llw4wn'lw4f19 1400-1800 u pwpCI-
nm~Jwfi 4_pw: I'J)whlJ.lWiinL~JWU OpJb4tnG t rzbtfl~tnWjp(i ~bGm bqt,U4P
lJ.lnL[lW~[!:
2. ccUnum tqnt(1W/.t» W(1Q.G[WL/W}(1: 4wquw4_nntlbt t 1958 ~-. 60 hw
tnW(lW6nL~JWii 4_pw: q.m(i4_nu) t ow4_ I.J Cf14whnll. q.bmbpfl wlflp(i'
700-800 0 pwp(lpmpjWG 4.nw: I'J)whlJ.lWUnL~JWU OpJb4tnli t ~n4_4WUJWG
opw4 pGwl.jwQ unum lJ.lnLflW4[!, nno lJ.lWhlJ.lwG4_mo t hGwq.nLJG dwow-
Gw4Gbppg:
3. Uf1pWt.n/Ul bCim Wf1Q.I:il WL/WJf1: 4wquw4_npt{bt t 1958 ~- 4000 hw
mwpw6m~jWG 4_pw: qm(i4_mo t Sw4_mzn uwrqp h.JWiW'l.PJnLJ1 q.bmp
256
w4_wqwGma 1500-1800 u pwr<~rm~JwG 4_pw: I'J)whlJ.lwGm~JwG opJb4m-
GbpG bG WJ12WtntutbGm !J 4b0m lJ.lnLflW~Gbp[!:
4. <eQ.fJhm Cinu(1wCit.nwnCil:i(1n Wf1Q.I:iLWL/WJf1: 4wqtlw4.nn4.bL t 1958
~· 3310 hw mwpw6m~JWG 4_pw: Q.m04_mtl t Upbq.mGm li Uliw(ip tbnGw-
211.~WGbpp hwpw4.wJpG LWG2bJ1pG' 2000-2300 u pwp<lrm~Jwfi 4.rw:
I'J)whlJ.lwGm~JwG OpJb~mGbpG bG rzbtp~tnwJpG q.phm mwppbr mbuw4-
Gor· q.php pwquwlJ.ltnnL'l., q.php q.wrzwhnm, q.php ~wqw4w4wG u q.php
br~wpwmbrli:
5. U(1t.nWL/Wf1tJ/:iCim Wf1Q.DLWL/WJf1: 4wquw4_nr4.bt t 1959 ~· 1000 hw
mwrw6m~JWG 4.rw: qm(i4_nul t <Dwopw4n u OW11.4nLGJW9 tbnGwzll.~w­
Gbrn hJmunuwJnG twGpbnpG'1900-2200 u pwpC~rm~JwO 4.rw:
I'J)whlJ.lwum~JWU OpJb4mGbrG bG' nbtr4mwJpG unmw4.Willl ~n4_4wu­
JWG mbuw~[! I.J nLil.blmnll. WJl hwq4_wq.Jnltn mbuw40bn:
6. ccU(1wq.w&fJ WLU/JWCi>> W(1Q.DLWL/WJ(1: 4wqtlw4_np4_bt t 1959 ~·
300 hw tnW(lW6nL~JWU t{nw: qm(i4_mu t U(lwq.w6 tbrzwQ wub(iw4_bppG
tlwunLO. 3200-3500 u pw(lCI[lnL~JWG 4.nw: I'J)whlJ.lwGnL~JWG OpJb4tnGb(lG
bG UWI19WilW2tnWjpG ~W(lb LPtl[! li hwrw4pg WL lJ.ljWG uwnq.wq.bmp[i-
Gb(l[!:
7. Uw(1q.whnt./t.n/1 Wf1Q.I:iLWL/WJf1: 4wqtlw4.nn4.bt t 1959 ~- 5000 hw
mwrw6m~JWG 4.rw: qmG4_nul t <Dwupw4p tbnGwzll.~WJP hJnLUpuwJpG
tWGpbrpG'1900-2200 tl pwpCI(lnL~JWG 4.nw: I'J)whlJ.lWiinL~JWG OpJb4tn-
GbrG bG tunum l}bq.rwf1wg4_w6 obqn~nL wGmwnGtnn u 11rwGg pGnrnz
~wm[iw(i' Wj6jWO[!, q.n(l2 W(lp[!, 4n4_4WUJWG OWJ(1Whw4_(! li WJLG:
8. Q.}nLLWQ.W(1W/.t/1 W(1Q.DLWL/WJ(1: 4wqtlw4_n(14_bL t 1958 ~.' 2590 hw
mwnw6m~Jw0 4.rw: qmG4_mu t Pwqmop tbnuwzll.~WJP ~wphwGe-2mr
q.bmw4n hn4_mmu· 1300-1850 u pwnC~nm~JwG 4.rw:
9. ccQ.nnWL/WCi/1 WL/Wqntt.nCil:i(1» W(1Q.I:iLWL/W}(1: 4wqtlw4_n(l4_bt t
1958 ~· 200 hw mwpw6m~JWU 4.nw: qm[i4_mu t UnwrwmJwG q.nq.w4_n-
nnL~JmGnLO, 4b'1P q.bmp Clwtu wlflnG· 1100-1200 o pwp<l(lm~JWG 4.nw:
I'J)whlJ.lWUnL~JWG Opjb~tnGbrG b(i w4_wqwjpG WUWlJ.lWtnlib(lpG pGnrnz
4bGI)wliw4wG wztuwnhQ I.J tnplJ.lp4 lJ.luwtln~lll (w4_wqwubr) pmuw4w-
Gm~JmG[!:
10. PwCieu/1 unl.fm Wf1Q.GLWL/WJf1: 4wqllw4_np4_bt t 1958 ~· 400 hw
mwrw6m~JwG 4.nw: qm(t4_mo t UwruwntJ4 q.bmp w4_wqwGmo OW11.-
4nLGJW9 tbnGW211.~WJP hjmupuwhWJWQ tWG2bJlpU, 1800-2000 0 pwrCI-
(lnL~JWU Ltrw: I'J)whlJ.lwGm~JWG opJb4mG t un6p PwGeur mbuw4n mG4w-
nwGwJpG lJ.lmrw4n:
11. =ll:i(1hl:i(1/J CinU(1WCit.nW12WJ/JCi W(1Q.I:ilWL/WJ(1: 4wqtlw4_n(14_bt t
1958 ~· 6140 hw mwpw6m~JwG 4.rw: q.m(i4_mu t Urlflw q.bmp 4_mw4
257
mwpw6mpjwu t.J.pw: qm[it.J.nu'i t Upwpwm~ qnqwhnt.J.mnu'i, Upqwt.J.wull.
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UjWhUjwut.J.bL t ~(illwlib(i~ 217 hw:
21. Pnqwpwn/1 wnq.ttwlfw){J: 4wquwt.J.npt.J.bL t 1989 p. 2790 hw mw-
pw6mpJWU t.J.pw: qm[it.J.mt'i t UJmG~p~ uwpq~ OWJ(l hwpwt.J.mu· Qwuqb-
qmp~ Lbnuwzll.PWJ~ hwpwt.J.wJ~U LWU2b(1~U, 1400-2100 t'i pwpi'lflnLPJWU
t.J.pw: UJuLnbll. hWCi!l~Ujmt'i bu WJUUj~U~ t0'1bli~4. hwqt.J.wqJnLLn mbuw4-
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mw(i ql:im~ u upw t.J.mw4 Y.wpwpw4G~ wt.J.wqwumt'i 1400-2800 t'i pwpi'l-
pmpJWU t.J.pw: Umbl1.64.bL t WJU 2112WU~ 41:i0'1WUW4WU wztuwph~ UjWh-
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2658 u pwpi'lpmpjwG t.J.pw u qpw11.bgumt'i t 240 hw mwpw6p: "1whUjwG-
4.nll. opJb4mGI:ip(i b(i pwpi'l(1Lbnuwj~U hpwptuwJ~U 6wqmu mubgn11. 2(1W-
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 24. BepHa,D,CKHH B. 11., 6~o~occpepa, M . , 1967.
25 . BepHaACKHH B. VI., Vl36paHHble coY. , I TOM , "Ha yKa " , M.
26. BpoHCKHH B. , npHKJ1a,D,Ha.R 3KOJ10fH.R, PocTOB H/ Jt 1996.
1. UqqWJP!i q!iwhwUlt.lw(j qbljmjg , t:;pi.Jw!i, 2002: 27. r~o~n.RpOB A ., nonyi1.R4HOHHa.R 3KOJ10rH.R, M. , 1990.
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11. UbLPmliJWU L., 4b!i'lwuwpw!imf"JnLU ljb!i'lw!ip!ibpp tljn[nqpwjp hPL!m!ip!ib- 40. PHKilecpc P., OcHOBbl o6Ll\eH JKOnorHH, M., 1970.
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,ntJ., Uwu I, t:;pi.Jw!i , 1990: 43. CaraTell.RH A., Oco6eHHOCTH pacnpe,D,elleHH.R T.R>KellbiX Merannoa Ha repp~o~ropHH
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2. CnaceM 030H 6e3 npoMeAneHHSI, AHrnHSI, 1995, 18 MHH .
3. BoAHble BOHHbl, AHrnHSI, 1996, 30 MHH.
4. BbiAPbl H He<flrb, AHr.rii1SI, 1996, 30 MHH.
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14. =jwJWUlllwup pumf}JWU hmzwpawuub(l(} .............. ....... . 259
2. UJnLf}b(lp 2f12WUJlllnLJlllQ ljbGuntn(llllnLU ...................... . . 172
15. =jwjWUlllWUp UjW(llllWijn(lnLf}jnLUUb(lQ pumf}JWU UjWhUjWGnLf}JWU
3. 4. 4bpuwfluljm muumGQQ pwuwljwG ntnfllllP uwutJG ........... .. 177
puwqwijwnmu ..... .... .. ...................... ... .. . ... 261
4. QwrtWtDWfl U1btuGntnf1lllP uwupG . . .. ... . ... ...... ... ..... .. . . 179
16. UtJ2wqqwjpG hwuwqnpowljgmf}JnLUQ puwUjWhUJWUnLf}JWU
5. Untn(lwljp ljbGuwpwGwljwG pwquwqwGmf}JWG hpuuwtuGflp(lGb(l(} .... 182
pGwqwijwnmu .......... .. ... ................ ....... . ... 261
6. =jwJWUlllwGtJ l.jbGuwpwquwqwumpJmGQ ........... .. .. . .... ... 185
17. =jwJWUUlWGp uwuGwljgmf}JnLGQ pGWUjWhUjwuwljw(i litJ2wqqwjpG
7. UpGntnf1U1p WrtlllnllluwG W'lPJnLf1Ubf1Q ...... .. . .... . ......... . . 186
qnp6QGf}wgtJG . ...... .. . . .. .. . ...... . . . .. ........ . ....... 262
8. UpGntn(llllp W'l.lllnllluw(i hbUliJWGQGbflQ . .. ................... . . 193
18. =jwJWUUlWGpl.fn'l.utJg litJ2wqqwjpG ljnGijbGgpwubrtJ QUflnLUnLUQ ... 264
9. SlbpungwjpG t~bljlllQ IJ 4LPUWJP hwuwbplj(lWJPU lllWQwgmuQ . .. .. . 195
19. UtJ2wqqwJtJG "4wputJr qtJI1l2D, .. ................. . . . . . . . .. . 265
10. OqnGwjpG tljpwup tuwtulllmUQ .............................. 199
20. =jwjWUUlWGp «4W(1Up(1 qp(lQQ>> ... ....... ...... . ... . .. . .. · · · · 266
11. rapt.lwJtJG Ulbrtmuubp .......... .. ... . ..... : . .......... . . .. . 202
21 . UlllmqtJi hwpgbp ... ........ .......... . ....... . .. . . . . . .... 269
12. UpGntn(llllp Wrtlllnllluw(i t4ntnqpwljwu hpuGwtuG11!111GbpQ
1J UJWhUjwGnLf}JWU uljqpmGQGb(lQ . . ... . .................... .. 205
usntQWlU4Uu ,urstr .... ..... .... . ... . .......... . ... .. . . . . ... 270
13. Slpntn(llllp WrtlllntilmuQ IJ ljwutubtm mrttJGbpQ ...... . ..... . . . ... 206
StrUruUPUuU4Uu PUilUrUu ... .... ........ . ... . .. . .... . ........ 271
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OQSUQnr04UO QrU4Uuntra3Uu 8Uu4 ............................ 278
15. h.Jubtm 2111"1 UJwl.fwutJ.htJuuwtufi111lf1D . .... .. ... .. ... . .. . ...... 209
cvl,Uuntr l2uuUr4nrLJUtrr t4 lltlltrusutrr ratuuutr .. .. ....... 2so
16 . Slpntn(llllp Wrtlllnllluwfi IJ UJWhUJWfinLf}JWG tl.jntnqpwl.jwG
'lUUUh.Jnumra3ntuutrr t4 uturuur 'TIUrU'T\Untul2utrr
htJuuwtuGI11111Gbro ... .... .......... . ....... .. . . .. . ... .. ... 212
CuraUSJ2ntU OQSUQnro4Wl StUUu3ntratrr
17. =jn'l.bllll wuwUJwlllwguwG mrttJGbrQ . ........................ . 213
trUGh.JU4nNWl 8Uu4 . .. . ...... ....... . .......... . . . . .... .. 281
18. =jnrtb(lp W'l.lllnllluw(i W'lPJnL(lub(lQ . ........•·............. · . . .. 217
19. tpljptJ 4b'1.1Jil wuwujwlllwguwG t4ntnqpwljwG hpuuwtuGflllPGbrQ
1J UJWhUjwunLf}JWU uljqpmGQub(lQ .. . ..... ............... ..... 223
20. UlllmqtJi hwpgbp ............... . .................... . . . .. 225

Qlnth.J 8
t4nLnQrU4Uu ,uuutr4rU3ru =jrUuUh.Ju'lrrutr. Puoqsuqnromu.
PuU'TIU,'TIUumra3ntu
1. Sb'l.WI.jw(i, U1Wf1WOW2(12WUWjpG, hwuwbpl.j(lWjpG tljntnqpwljw(i
htJuuwtuG 11tJpGbp .. ........ .. . .. ..... . . . ....... .. .... ...... 227
2, tpljpp wqqwpuwlJinLf}JWU pijwQwuwljtJ wiSQ .... ....... . .. . ... . 230
3. UGGflwupbflQP tuuflppubpQ ........ . ................... · . · · · . 232
4. tGbpqblllplJwJil tuu111l11GbpQ .... . ... . ..... . ................. .. 233

284 285