M18/4/CHEMI/HPM/ENG/TZ2/XX

Chemistry
Higher level
Paper 1

Wednesday 16 May 2018 (afternoon)

1 hour

Instructions to candidates
• Do not open this examination paper until instructed to do so.
• Answer all the questions.
• For each question, choose the answer you consider to be the best and indicate your choice on
the answer sheet provided.
• The periodic table is provided for reference on page 2 of this examination paper.
• The maximum mark for this examination paper is [40 marks].

2218 – 6113
19 pages © International Baccalaureate Organization 2018
 The Periodic Table
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

1 Atomic number
2
1 H He
1.01 4.00
Element
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
2 Li Be B C N O F Ne
6.94 9.01 Relative atomic mass 10.81 12.01 14.01 16.00 19.00 20.18

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
3 Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
22.99 24.31 26.98 28.09 30.97 32.07 35.45 39.95

19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
4 K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
39.10 40.08 44.96 47.87 50.94 52.00 54.94 55.85 58.93 58.69 63.55 65.38 69.72 72.63 74.92 78.96 79.90 83.90

37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
5 Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
–2–

85.47 87.62 88.91 91.22 92.91 95.96 (98) 101.07 102.91 106.42 107.87 112.41 114.82 118.71 121.76 127.60 126.90 131.29

55 56 57 † 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
6 Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
132.91 137.33 138.91 178.49 180.95 183.84 186.21 190.23 192.22 195.08 196.97 200.59 204.38 207.2 208.98 (209) (210) (222)

87 88 89 ‡ 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118
7 Fr Ra Ac Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Unt Uug Uup Uuh Uus Uuo
(223) (226) (227) (267) (268) (269) (270) (269) (278) (281) (281) (285) (286) (289) (288) (293) (294) (294)

† 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
140.12 140.91 144.24 (145) 150.36 151.96 157.25 158.93 162.50 164.93 167.26 168.93 173.05 174.97

‡
90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
232.04 231.04 238.03 (237) (244) (243) (247) (247) (251) (252) (257) (258) (259) (262)
M18/4/CHEMI/HPM/ENG/TZ2/XX
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1. What is the number of atoms of oxygen in 2.0 mol of hydrated sodium carbonate, Na2CO3•10H2O?
Avogadro’s constant, L or NA : 6.02 × 1023 mol-1

A. 6

B. 26

C. 3.6 × 1024

D. 1.6 × 1025

2. What is the volume, in cm3, of the final solution if 100 cm3 of a solution containing 1.42 g of
sodium sulfate, Na2SO4, is diluted to the concentration of 0.020 mol dm-3?
Mr (Na2SO4) = 142

A. 50

B. 400

C. 500

D. 600

3. What is the percentage yield when 2.0 g of ethene, C2H4, is formed from 5.0 g of ethanol, C2H5OH?
Mr (ethene) = 28; Mr (ethanol) = 46

2.0 5.0
A. × × 100
28 46

2.0
B. 28 × 100
5.0
46

28 5.0
C. × × 100
2.0 46

28
D. 2.0 × 100
5.0
46

Turn over
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4. Which electron transition emits energy of the longest wavelength?

n=5
B
n=4
A
n=3
C
n=2

D
n=1

5. The graph shows the first ionization energies of some consecutive elements.

X
1st ionization energy

Atomic number

Which statement is correct?

A. Y is in group 3

B. Y is in group 10

C. X is in group 5

D. X is in group 18
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6. Which increase across a period from left to right?

A. ionic radius electronegativity

B. atomic radius ionic radius

C. 1st ionization energy atomic radius

D. 1st ionization energy electronegativity

7. Which element is in the p-block?

A. Pb

B. Pm

C. Pt

D. Pu

8. Part of the spectrochemical series is shown for transition metal complexes.

I− < Cl− < H2O < NH3

Which statement can be correctly deduced from the series?

A. H2O increases the p–d separation more than Cl−.

B. H2O increases the d–d separation more than Cl−.

C. A complex with Cl− is more likely to be blue than that with NH3.

D. Complexes with water are always blue.

9. What is the formula of magnesium nitride?

A. MgN

B. Mg2N3

C. Mg3N

D. Mg3N2

Turn over
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10. Which species has the longest carbon to oxygen bond length?

A. CO

B. CH3OH

C. CH3CO2−

D. H2CO

11. What are the predicted electron domain geometries around the carbon and both nitrogen atoms in
urea, (NH2)2CO, applying VSEPR theory?

Carbon atom Nitrogen atoms

A. trigonal planar trigonal pyramidal

B. trigonal planar tetrahedral

C. tetrahedral tetrahedral

D. trigonal pyramidal trigonal planar

12. Which molecule has an expanded octet?

A. CO

B. CO2

C. SF2

D. SF4
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13. Which overlap of atomic orbitals leads to the formation of only a sigma (σ) bond?

I. s − p
II. p − p
III. s − s

A. I and II only

B. I and III only

C. II and III only

D. I, II and III

14. Which describes the reaction shown in the potential energy profile?

products
Enthalpy

reactants

Reaction coordinate

A. The reaction is endothermic and the products have greater enthalpy than the reactants.

B. The reaction is endothermic and the reactants have greater enthalpy than the products.

C. The reaction is exothermic and the products have greater enthalpy than the reactants.

D. The reaction is exothermic and the reactants have greater enthalpy than the products.

Turn over
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15. Two 100 cm3 aqueous solutions, one containing 0.010 mol NaOH and the other 0.010 mol HCl,
are at the same temperature.

When the two solutions are mixed the temperature rises by y C.

Assume the density of the final solution is 1.00 g cm−3.
Specific heat capacity of water = 4.18 J g−1 K−1

What is the enthalpy change of neutralization in kJ mol−1?

200 × 4.18 × y
A.
1000 × 0.020
200 × 4.18 × y
B.
1000 × 0.010
100 × 4.18 × y
C.
1000 × 0.010

200 × 4.18 × ( y + 273 )

D.
1000 × 0.010
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16. Which value represents the lattice enthalpy, in kJ mol−1, of strontium chloride, SrCl2?

Sr2+ (g) + 2Cl (g)

−698
+1064

Sr2+ (g) + 2Cl− (g)

Sr+ (g) + 2Cl (g)

+550
Enthalpy

Sr (g) + 2Cl (g)

Lattice enthalpy
+243
Sr (g) + Cl2 (g)
Sr (s) + Cl2 (g) +164

−829
Sr Cl2 (s)

All values in kJ
A. - (-829) + 164 + 243 + 550 + 1064 - (-698)

B. -829 + 164 + 243 + 550 + 1064 - 698

C. - (-829) + 164 + 243 + 550 + 1064 - 698

D. -829 + 164 + 243 + 550 + 1064 - (-698)

Turn over
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17. Which system has the most negative entropy change, ∆S, for the forward reaction?

A. N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) ƒ 2NH3 (g)

B. CaCO3 (s) → CaO (s) + CO2 (g)

C. 2S2O32− (aq) + I2 (aq) → S4O62− (aq) + 2I– (aq)

D. H2O (l) → H2O (g)

18. The potential energy profile for the reversible reaction, X + Y ƒ Z is shown.
Enthalpy

X+Y A
D
C
B
Z

Reaction coordinate

Which arrow represents the activation energy for the reverse reaction, Z → X + Y, with a catalyst?

19. Which factors can affect the rate of reaction?

I. Particle size of solid reactant

II. Concentration of reacting solution
III. Pressure of reacting gas

A. I and II only

B. I and III only

C. II and III only

D. I, II and III
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20. When X reacts with Y to give Z, the following graph is plotted. What can be deduced from the
graph?

[X]

Time

A. The concentration of X is directly proportional to time.

B. The reaction is first order overall.

C. The reaction is zero order with respect to X.

D. The reaction is first order with respect to X.

21. Which statement is correct?

A. The value of the rate constant, k, is independent of temperature and is deduced from the
equilibrium constant, Kc.

B. The value of the rate constant, k, is independent of temperature and the overall reaction
order determines its units.

C. The value of the rate constant, k, is temperature dependent and is deduced from the
equilibrium constant, Kc.

D. The value of the rate constant, k, is temperature dependent and the overall reaction order
determines its units.

22. Which factor does not affect the position of equilibrium in this reaction?

2NO2 (g) ƒ N2O4 (g) ∆H = −58 kJ mol−1

A. Change in volume of the container

B. Change in temperature

C. Addition of a catalyst

D. Change in pressure

Turn over
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23. What occurs when the pressure on the given equilibrium is increased at constant temperature?

N2 (g) + O2 (g) ƒ 2NO (g) ∆H = +180 kJ

A. Kc increases and the position of equilibrium moves to the right.

B. Kc stays the same and the position of equilibrium is unchanged.

C. Kc stays the same and the position of equilibrium moves to the left.

D. Kc decreases and the position of equilibrium moves to the left.

24. Activity series of selected elements:

K, Ca, Al, Fe, H, Cu, Ag, Au

greatest activity least activity

Which react with dilute sulfuric acid?

I. Cu
II. CuO
III. CuCO3

A. I and II only

B. I and III only

C. II and III only

D. I, II and III

25. Which statement is correct?

A. A strong acid is a good proton donor and has a strong conjugate base.

B. A weak acid is a poor proton acceptor and has a strong conjugate base.

C. A strong acid is a good proton donor and has a weak conjugate base.

D. A strong base is a good proton donor and has a weak conjugate acid.
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26. Which is an example of a Lewis base?

A. an electrophile

B. BF3

C. CH4

D. a nucleophile

27. What is the order of increasing acidity?

Acid pKa Acid Ka

HClO 7.4 HF 5.6 × 10−4
HIO3 0.8 CH3CH2COOH 1.3 × 10−5

A. HClO < CH3CH2COOH < HF < HIO3

B. HClO < HF < CH3CH2COOH < HIO3

C. HIO3 < HF < CH3CH2COOH < HClO

D. HIO3 < CH3CH2COOH < HF < HClO

28. Which can describe oxidation?

A. Loss of hydrogen

B. Decrease in oxidation number

C. Gain of electrons

D. Loss of oxygen

29. What are the products of the electrolysis of molten zinc bromide?

Negative electrode (cathode) Positive electrode (anode)

A. zinc bromine

B. hydrogen bromine

C. bromine zinc

D. bromine hydrogen

Turn over
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30. Two cells undergoing electrolysis are connected in series.

1.0 mol dm−3 1.0 mol dm−3

AgNO3 (aq) Pt Pt Pt Pt H2SO4 (aq)

Cell 1 Cell 2

If x g of silver are deposited in cell 1, what volume of oxygen, in dm3 at STP, is given off in cell 2?

Ar (Ag) = 108; Molar volume of an ideal gas at STP = 22.7 dm3 mol−1

x 1
A. × × 22.7
108 4

x
B. × 4 × 22.7
108

x 1
C. × × 22.7
108 2

x
D. × 2 × 22.7
108

31. What are the major products of electrolysing concentrated aqueous potassium iodide, KI (aq)?

Negative electrode (cathode) Positive electrode (anode)

A. potassium iodine

B. hydrogen iodine

C. hydrogen oxygen

D. potassium oxygen
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32. Which compounds belong to the same homologous series?

A. CHCCH2CH3, CHCCH2CH2CH3

B. CH3CH2CH2CH2OH, CH3CH2OCH2CH3

C. CH2CHCH3, CH3CH2CH2CH3

D. CH3COCH3, CH3CH2OCH3

33. What is the name of this compound, using IUPAC rules?

CH3 H O

H C C C

CH3 H OH

A. 1,1-dimethylpropanoic acid

B. 3,3-dimethylpropanoic acid

C. 2-methylbutanoic acid

D. 3-methylbutanoic acid

34. Which are structural isomers?

I. CH3CH2OH and CH3OCH3

II. HOCH2CH3 and CH3CH2OH
III. CH3COOH and HCOOCH3

A. I and II only

B. I and III only

C. II and III only

D. I, II and III

Turn over
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35. Which is the correct combination of substitution reaction mechanisms?

Cl CH 3 CH2Cl

reaction mechanism reaction mechanism

A. electrophilic free radical

B. nucleophilic nucleophilic

C. free radical electrophilic

D. free radical nucleophilic

36. Propene is reacted first with hydrogen chloride to produce X which is then reacted with aqueous
sodium hydroxide to give Y. Finally, Y is reacted with excess acidified potassium dichromate
solution.

HCl NaOH (aq) H+/Cr2O72− (aq)

CH3CHCH2 X Y Z

What is the major product, Z?

A. CH3CH(OH)CH3

B. CH3COCH3

C. CH3CH2CHO

D. CH3(CH2)2COOH

37. Which isomers exist as non-superimposable mirror images?

A. cis-trans isomers

B. diastereomers

C. enantiomers

D. structural isomers
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38. How are the uncertainties of two quantities combined when the quantities are multiplied together?

A. Uncertainties are added.

B. % uncertainties are multiplied.

C. Uncertainties are multiplied.

D. % uncertainties are added.

39. The rate of a reaction is studied at different temperatures.

Which is the best way to plot the data?

x-axis Type of variable on x-axis

A. rate dependent

B. rate independent

C. temperature independent

D. temperature dependent

Turn over
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40. The IR spectra of low density polyethene (LDPE), high density polyethene (HDPE), polypropene
(PP) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) are shown (not necessarily in that order).

H H H H H CH3 F F

C C C C C C C C

H H n H H n H H F F n
n

LDPE HDPE PP PTFE

Which spectrum is PTFE?

A.

Removed for copyright reasons

B.

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(This question continues on the following page)

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(Question 40 continued)

C.

Removed for copyright reasons

D.

Removed for copyright reasons