Clinical Experiences With Self-Ligation Brackets I

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182]
Invited Submission: JIOS 50th Year Commemorative Issue
Clinical Experiences with Self‑Ligation Brackets in India

Gurkeerat Singh1, Rajesh Patil2
1
Prof., 2Dr. As the markets get flooded by ever evolving self-ligation brackets, the clinician
Abstract
1
Department of Orthodontics, is likely to get carried away by marketing gimmicks and false promises. A simple
Sudha Rustagi College yet extensive review of self-ligating brackets used by the authors is presented
of Dental Sciences and along with case reports. The purpose is not to be critical of individual products
Research, Faridabad, but present the wide variety of such brackets available today. The choice of the
Haryana, 2Private Practitioner, bracket system is based on multiple factors and quality of certain products just
Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
makes the life of the clinician as well as the patient more comfortable. The case
reports emphasis that the end result is primarily due to the clinical acumen of the
operator and every individual system requires a learning curve to be overcome.
Received: 20‑11‑2018
Accepted: 27‑11‑2018 Keywords: Brackets, clinical experience, nonextraction, self-ligation
Introduction A series of case reports follow which highlight the

excellent results achievable with self‑ligation brackets.
T he concept of self‑ligation is neither new nor lacking
in documentation.[1‑4] The self‑ligating brackets have
existed in the Indian market since the early 21st century.
Case Reports
There use was restricted to a limited few due to the cost Case report 1
differences prevalent between the conventional preadjusted Damon 3MX
brackets and the self‑ligation brackets. These were further An 11‑year‑old male patient reported with a chief
aggravated by the monopolizing policies by certain brands complaint of mal‑aligned teeth. On examination, he
as well as the introduction of experimental designs by was found to be Skeletal Class I with a Angle’s Class II
companies into the Indian market in the name of introducing tendency, high placed canines and multiple retained
“high end” brackets into a third world market. A major deciduous teeth and fractured 11 and 21 [Figure 1a].
lacunae exist about their use in our country, primarily All deciduous teeth were extracted except the upper
because a wide variations exist between treatment charges left second deciduos molar. As per Damon protocol,
and material costs to orthodontists. This article intends to all the teeth were bonded and 0.013” Cu NiTi wires
educate the readers about the pros and cons of the various engaged [Figure 1b]. As the arches developed, the right
brackets used by the authors and may help them to decide side came into Class I relationship. The 65 was extracted
what would be ideal in their practices. and a coil spring was used to maintain the space and
Class II 3 oz elastics to correct the Class II relationship
All the brackets used have been cataloged in a tabular
on that side [Figure 1c]. The finishing was done using
fashion [Table 1] with certain pros and cons mentioned
0.019” × 0.025” titanium‑molybdenum alloy (TMA)
against each. The list is definitely incomplete and
wire. A Bolton discrepancy existed between the two
includes only those brackets that have been personally
arches and veneers were suggested on the maxillary
used by the authors. This article in no means is meant to
incisors. The case was debonded after 18 months of
pass judgment over any of these brackets or companies.
active treatment [Figure 1d].
Newer and better brackets are being introduced with every
passing month, and the same companies highlighted here
Address for correspondence: Prof. Gurkeerat Singh,
are introducing improved versions of the same bracket. D‑32 The Dental Centre, D‑32, South Extension Part‑1,
It is in the interest of the reader to make an informed New Delhi ‑ 110 049, India.
choice based on his/her requirement and/or preference. E‑mail: drgurkeeratsingh@gmail.com
This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution‑NonCommercial‑ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows
Access this article online
others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non‑commercially, as long as
Quick Response Code: appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical
Website: terms.
www.jios.in
For reprints contact: reprints@medknow.com
DOI:
10.4103/jios.jios_240_18 How to cite this article: Singh G, Patil R. Clinical experiences with
self-ligation brackets in India. J Indian Orthod Soc 2018;52:S115-26.
© 2018 Journal of Indian Orthodontic Society | Published by Wolters Kluwer ‑ Medknow S115

[Downloaded free from http://www.jios.in on Friday, December 7, 2018, IP: 145.129.158.182]
Singh and Patil: Self‑ligating brackets
Table 1: Various self‑ligation brackets

Clinical Salient features Pros Cons Clinical tips
Lotus, Ortho technology
Design: Passive self-ligation Twin bracket Not easy to open Using sharp
Torque prescriptions: Roth The NiTi clip can clip in premolars explorer tip helps
be removed and and lower in easy opening
Opening mechanism: Vertical,
re‑inserted anteriors of clip
pointed probe type
Flexible NiTi clip Prone to clip Bonding bit away
Special instrument: Not required
helping in interactive removal from from gingiva in
Availability: Not freely available mechanism housing unless premolars allow
NITI clip opened carefully easier opening

of clip
Twin design
Flair; Adenta GmbH, Germany
Design: Active design One piece bracket Bulky design The opening
Torque prescriptions: Multiple‑Roth/ Tooth number on mechanism takes
MBT/bio progressive/special and Roth the clip getting used
advanced/high torque to, do not use
Clip can proactively
excessive force
Opening mechanism: Gingival push on the wire and
rotational, probe type therefore actively Ideal to use
moves teeth the instrument
Special instrument: Required
provided
Availability: Freely available Passive with round
wires, and gets active
in the front from
0.016” × 0.016” and
on the posterior sides
from 0.016” × 0.022”
Damon 3, Ormco, California, USA
Design: Passive self‑ligation Semi aesthetic Rare chance of Tends to get
Torque prescriptions: Damon standard the metal part abraded if in
detaching contact with
Opening mechanism: Vertical, pointed
opposing teeth
probe type
Availability: Freely available
Damon 3MX; , Ormco, California,

USA
Design: Passive design Robust design Increased in‑out Good economical
Torque Prescriptions: Damon low/ Excellent opening and bracket to start
standard/high closing mechanism with
Opening mechanism: Vertical probe

type
Vision; American Orthodontics,
Sheboygan, WI, USA
Design: Interactive design Off‑set posterior On opening the Never did
Torque Prescriptions: Roth brackets “gate” was sharp become popular
and likely to
Opening mechanism: Flip, probe type
abrade the cheeks
Food
Availability: No longer available accumulation on
the housing
Contd...
S116 Journal of Indian Orthodontic Society ¦ Volume 52 ¦ Special Issue ¦ December 2018
Table 1: Contd...
Gestenco International AB,
Gothenburg, Swede
Design: Passive design Aesthetic Bulky, hence Use very little
Torque prescriptions: Roth difficult to bond force to open
on partially the clip
erupted or small Has been
Special instrument: Not required teeth superseded by
Availability: No longer in production the Cabriolet
bracket
Carriere LX bracket; Ortho

Organizers, Inc., Carlsbad, CA,
USA
Design: Passive self‑ligation Bulky design Boxy design Using air water
Torque Prescriptions: Damon high/ Chances of the Door gets spray every
standard; Roth and MBT bracket opening jammed with appointment to
instrument slipping plaque making it dislodge plaque
Opening mechanism: Incisal, facial
difficult to use and debris to
approach
preserve the gate
Special instrument: Not required mechanism
BioQuick, FORESTADENT
Bernhard Förster GmbH, Germany
Design: Interactive self-ligation Robust torque in base Clip needs Always use
Torque Prescriptions: Hybrid, design opening tool to opening tools
Replaceable clips open Use air‑water
options for maxillary incisors
Opening mechanism: gingival, Accessory slot present Lower incisor spray to remove
clips can get debris before
facial approach or using rotation damaged if heavy opening the clip
using fork probe calculus deposits
Special instrument: Required block the clip

mechanism or
excess force is
used
QuicKlear, FORESTADENT
Bernhard Förster GmbH, Germany
Design: Interactive self‑ligation One‑piece debonding Can abrade lower Bond bit
Torque Prescriptions: Hybrid, options possible incisors if in gingivally in
for maxillary incisors Toque in base occlusion lower incisors
Opening mechanism: Gingival, facial Sturdy interactive Slightly larger Always use
approach. Cobalt chrome clip size due to torque opening tools
in base design Use air‑water
spray to remove
debris before
opening the clip
Revolution SL/agility, G and H
Orthodontics
Design: Passive self‑ligation Twin bracket Clip tends to Be gentle while
Torque Prescriptions: Roth Good rotational come out of the opening the clip
control bracket housing
Opening mechanism: Incisal facial
approach using vertical force
Special instrument: Not required, any
sharp instrument would do
Availability: Not available in India
Contd...
Journal of Indian Orthodontic Society ¦ Volume 52 ¦ Special Issue ¦ December 2018 S117
Table 1: Contd...
Damon Q, Ormco, California, USA
Design: Interactive self‑ligation No sharp angles, Clip needs Always use
Torque Prescriptions: Low/standard/ hence very opening tool to opening tools
high comfortable open
Opening mechanism: Incisal on Drop in hooks Bracket needs

maxillary and gingival on mandibular, optional to be off set for
facial approach using rotational Rotatory opening better rotational
movement mechanism control
Special instrument: Required Accessory vertical as

Availability: Freely available well as horizontal slot
Orion Clear SL
Design: Interactive self‑ligation True twin bracket Wires below Ligation is
bracket Extremely esthetic 0.016” slip out required at
Torque Prescriptions: Roth early as well as
Just force the wire in, Torque
expression could later stages of
Opening mechanism: Cut the wire to decreased char‑side
be improved treatment
remove time
Availability: Not available in India
Damon Clear, Ormco, USA
Design: Passive self‑ligation bracket Extremely aesthetic Bulky bracket Always use
Torque prescriptions: Low/standard/ Can be sand‑blasted Ligation above opening tools
high and repositioned the bracket is Place e‑chains
Opening mechanism: Incisal No sharp angles, difficult below the arch
on Maxillary and Gingival on hence very Clip needs wire
Mandibular, facial approach using comfortable opening tool to Torque
rotational movement Rotatory opening open expression could
Special instrument: Required mechanism Torque be improved
Availability: Freely available expression could

be improved
Tomy Mini Clippy/In‑Ovation R
Design: Interactive self‑ligation Twin design Clip seems Always use stops
bracket Spron Cobalt chrome delicate or cinches for
Torque prescriptions: CCO/Roth/MBT clip made by Seiko wires below 16
Japan × 22 dimensions
Opening mechanism: Incisal
as wire can slide
on Maxillary and Gingival on Easy opening closing
due to passive
Mandibular, facial approach using Interactive design nature of bracket
rotational movement
below 16×22
Clippy C/In‑Ovation C
Design: Interactive self‑ligation Rhodium clip to Clip still appears Always use
bracket improve aesthetics different stops or cinches
Torque prescriptions: CCO/Roth/MBT Low profile design for wires
below 16×22
Opening mechanism: Facial approach Can be opened
dimensions as
using rotational movement without any special
wire can slide
Special instrument: Not required tool
due to passive
Availability: Freely available nature of bracket
below 16×22
Contd...
Table 1: Contd...
OC Easy; 3B Orthodontics, China
Design: Passive self‑ligation Twin bracket Prone to clip Can be used like
Torque prescriptions: Roth/MBT/ Easy to use removal from a routine PEA
Damon: Low/standard/high housing unless bracket
Cheap
opened carefully
Opening mechanism: Vertical with
special tweezer
Availability: Not freely available
Smart Clip; 3M Unitec, USA
Design: Passive self‑ligation, NiTi Easy to insert initial Difficult Use specialized
clips to lock wires wires to remove instrument to
Torque prescriptions: Roth/MBT/ Good debonding wires without remove the wires
ricketts characteristics instrument
especially
Opening mechanism: Horizontal using
rectangular wires
special plier
Reduced
inter‑bracket
Availability: Freely available span
Clarity Sl; 3M Unitek, USA
Design: Passive Self‑ligation, NiTi Easy to insert initial Compromised Use specialized
Clips to lock wires wires aesthetics instrument to
Torque prescriptions: Roth/MBT/ Good debonding Difficult remove the wires
ricketts characteristics to remove
Opening mechanism: Horizontal, using wires without
special plier instrument
especially
rectangular wires
Reduced
inter‑bracket
span
Praxis Glide, Lancer Orthodontics,
USA
Design: Interactive self‑ligation Twin bracket Clip tends to Bracket was
Torque prescriptions: Roth Good rotational come out of the not successful
control bracket housing commercially
and or become
distorted
Availability: Withdrawn. Not available
in India
Genius, MEM, Xinshi District,
Taiwan
Design: Passive Self‑ligation Easy to open and Bulky design Though no
Opening mechanism: Vertical or using close No Accessory tool required,
tool in rotation movement Integrate hooks slot mandatorily
using one helps
Special instrument: Not Required Torque in base No 0.018” option
in easier opening
Availability: Freely available and closing of
clip
Contd...
Table 1: Contd...
Tenbrook T1 Bracket, Ortho
Classic, USA
Design: Passive Self‑ligation Extremely sleek, least Opening is Rotational
Torque prescriptions: MBT in‑out difficult control is
Comfortable for the compromised
Opening mechanism: Rotation
movement patient No systematic
approach to
treatment
Availability: No more available in
Torque
Indian market
expression
is difficult to
achieve
Tenbrook T‑Clear Bracket, Ortho
Classic, USA
Design: Passive self‑ligation Extremely sleek Opening is Rotational
Torque prescriptions: MBT Very comfortable for difficult control is
the patient Opening compromised
Opening mechanism: Rotation
movement mechanism is No systematic
fragile approach to
Need loops to get treatment
clear vision Torque
Indian market
expression
is difficult to
achieve
H4 Classic, OC‑Orthodontics,
McMinnville. OR, USA
Design: Passive design Robust design. Gingival aspect The newer
Torque prescriptions: Roth Excellent opening and is heavy, tends to versions need
closing mechanism “peal off” during to improve
Opening mechanism: Vertical probe
bonding the opening
type
Increased in‑out and closing
Special instrument: Not required mechanisms of
Bond strength is
Availability: Freely available the “door”
questionable
RMO SL, Rocky Mountain
Orthodontics, USA
Design: Passive Self‑ligation Twin bracket Opening is Could not get
Opening mechanism: Rotation difficult used to the
movement Opening uncertainty of the
mechanism opening/closing
keeps failing, mechanism
opens in‑between
Indian market
appointments
Gemini SL, 3M Unitec, USA
Design: Passive Self‑ligation Twin design Clips get jammed Avoid excess
Opening mechanism: Vertical Robust quality of with plaque, bonding material
movement, gingivally bracket body debris and to flow gingival
calculus making to the bracket,
opening and might obstructs
Availability: No more available in closing of clip opening and
Indian market difficult closing
Always clean
up the debris
before attempting
to open clip
using three‑way
syringe
Contd...
Table 1: Contd...
XYZ I (Manufacturer Unknown,
China)
Design: Passive self‑ligation Twin design Clip tends to fail Cheap but would
Opening mechanism: Vertical Bracket quality is not recommend
movement, incisally questionable
Special instrument: Not required Clips get jammed
Availability: No more available in the with plaque,
Indian market debris and
calculus making
opening and
closing of clip
difficult
Protect IV, Zhejiang Protect
Medical Equipment Co. Ltd, China
Design: Passive self‑ligation Bracket number on Clip can Reasonable
Torque prescriptions: Roth/MBT/ clip occasionally get performance
Damon: low/standard/high Auxiliary vertical slot difficult to open clinically
Opening mechanism: Rotational with Drop in hooks

special instrument possible
Special instrument: Required Twin bracket
Availability: Freely available Easy to use
Shark SL, Dentalline GmbH and
KG, Germany
Design: Passive self-ligation. Easy to use Stains quickly Reasonable
Torque Prescriptions: Roth/MBT performance
clinically
Opening mechanism: Rotational with
special instrument.
Availability: Freely available.
Selfy Passive, JJ Orthodontics,
India
Design: Passive self‑ligation. Bracket number on Boxy design Reasonable
Torque Prescriptions: Roth/MBT clip Clip can come performance
Twin bracket off if excessive clinically
special instrument Easy to use force is applied Economical

Discovery SL, Dentaurum GmbH
and Co. KG, Germany
Design: Passive design Cross of the bracket Rotational Use vey little
Torque Prescriptions: Roth aids alignment during correction can be force to open
bonding an issue the clip
Excellent bond Of‑set the
strength bracket for better
Availability: Freely available in India rotational control
WePass Brackets; 3B Orthodontics,
China
Design: Passive self‑ligation Easy to use Boxy design Reasonable
Torque Prescriptions: Damon low/ performance
standard/high clinically

special instrument
Availability: Not freely available in India
Contd...
Table 1: Contd...
CePass Ceramic SL Bracket; 3B
Orthodontics, China
Design: Passive self‑ligation All ceramic Bulky design, Do not try
Torque Prescriptions: Damon low/ Difficult to bond bonding on small
standard/high on premolars due teeth
to size
special instrument
Availability: Not freely available in
India
At Ease, Modern Orthodontics
Design: Passive self‑ligation Twin bracket Clip tends to Made in India
Torque prescriptions: Roth Good rotational come out of the Economical
control bracket housing
Availability: Freely available in India
AO Empower, American
Orthodontics, USA
Design: Interactive self‑ligation Easy clip opening and Clip flimsy Always use stops
bracket closing compared to or cinches for
Torque Prescriptions: Roth/MBT Twin design other similar wires below 16
product × 22 dimensions
Opening mechanism: Incisal on
as wire can slide
Maxillary and Mandibular, facial
due to passive
approach using vertical movement
nature of bracket
Special instrument: Not required below 16 × 22
Dee Q, Orthodontic Supplies Ltd,
UK
Design: Passive self‑ligation Aesthetic Opening Torque
Torque prescriptions: Roth/MBT Comfortable for the mechanism is expression
patient fragile is difficult to
Opening mechanism: Rotation achieve and
movement might require
Special instrument: Required ligation
Availability: Freely available in Indian
market
MBT: Midblastula transition, PEA: Preadjusted edgewise appliance, CCO: Complete Clinical Orthodontics
Case report 2 Case report 3

OC easy, 3B orthodontics Vision, American Orthodontics
A 12‑year‑old female patient reported with a chief A 15‑year‑old female patient reported with a chief
complaint of digit sucking. On examination, she was found complaint of mal‑aligned teeth long with an unerupted
to be suffering with an anterior open bite with skeletal and tooth. On examination, she had a Class I skeletal and
dental Class I relationship [Figure 2a]. Both arches had dental relationship with an impacted 13 [Figure 3a].
moderate amounts of crowding. She was treated with a The complicating factor was a 90° mesial dilacerations
full bonded fixed appliance [Figure 2b] along with a habit of the 14 roots [Figure 3b]. The patient was explained
reminder appliance. As the causative factor was removed the complication and alignment was started using
the light forces exerted using the OC Easy bracket and self‑ligation brackets and light wires. The canine was
copper nickel‑titanium (CuNiTi) combination, the arch exposed and pulled into alignment with the CuNiTi
aligned and settled into perfect occlusion [Figure 2c]. flexible wires [Figure 3c]. The canine alignment could
Upper lateral to lateral and lower canine to canine bonded not be completed in the vertical plane due to the
retainers were given for retention. dilacerated 14 root [Figure 3d]. The case was retained
d
Figure 1: (a) (i‑iii) Pretreatment photographs. (b) (i‑iii) With 0.013” copper nickel‑titanium in place. (c) With 0.019” ×). 0.025” titanium‑molybdenum
alloy finishing wire. (d) (i‑iii) Posttreatment photographs
using bonded retainers in both the arches. A 5 years’ complaint of mal‑aligned teeth. On examination, the
follow‑up showed a well‑settled occlusion [Figure 3e]. patient had a Class I skeletal pattern with Angle’s
Case report 4 Class I molar relationship. Both the maxillary
Damon Q, Ormco, USA and mandibular teeth exhibited moderate crowding,
with “V‑” shaped arches and supra‑erupted mandibular
A 13‑year‑old female patient reported with a chief complaint
anteriors [Figure 5a]. It was decided to treat the
of mala‑aligned teeth. On examination, the patient had
a Class III skeletal pattern with a Class I Angle's molar patient with a self‑ligating appliance and align using
relationship with moderate crowding in both the maxillary light forces. H4 brackets were bonded, and alignment
and mandibular arches, retroclined mandibular anteriors started using round CuNiTi wires. After an initial
and with 16 and 26 in cross‑bite [Figure 4a]. The lips were phase, the 0.016” × 0.016” Thermal NiTi wires were
competent and the profile straight. It was decided to treat inserted as a transition wire before rectangular wire
the case nonextraction with the Damon Q appliance with phase [Figure 5b]. The case was finished using 0.019”
standard torque. Both the arches were bonded and 0.014” × 0.025” TMA wires. Following settling, the case was
CuNiTi wires used for initial alignment [Figure 4b]. The debonded [Figure 5c]. Bonded coaxial wire retainers
case was finished with a 0.19” × 0.025” TMA wire. At the were used for retention.
end of active treatment, which lasted 14 months, the molar Case report 6
relationship was Super Class I with the canines in Class I Protect IV, 3B orthodontics, China
relationship [Figure 4c]. A bonded retainer was placed in
An 11‑year‑old female patient reported with a chief
both the arches. A 5‑year follow‑up revealed a stable and
complaint of a missing tooth. On clinical examination,
well‑settled occlusion [Figure 4d].
the 13 was found to be impacted due to a lack of space as
Case report 5 the posterior dentition has moved anteriorly [Figure 6a].
H4 classic; Ortho Classic, USA The upper mid‑line was shifted to the right by 1 mm;
An 18‑year‑old male patient reported with a chief the left canine was also erupting more labial. It was
c
Figure 2: (a) (i‑iii) Pretreatment photographs. (b) (i‑iii) Mid‑Treatment photographs. (c) (i‑iii) Posttreatment photographs
e
Figure 3: (a) (i‑iii) Pretreatment photographs. (b) Pretreatment orthopantomogram. (c) (i‑iii) The alignment of the 13 using flexible round copper
nickel‑titanium wires. (d) (i‑iii) Posttreatment photographs. (e) (i‑iii) Well‑settled occlusion 5‑year posttreatment
d
Figure 4: (a) (i‑iii) Pretreatment photographs. (b) (i‑iii) The alignment was done using 0.014” copper nickel‑titanium wires. (c) (i‑iii) Posttreatment
photographs. (d) (i‑iii) Well‑settled occlusion 5 years’ posttreatment
c
Figure 5: (a) (i‑iii) Pretreatment photographs. (b) (i‑iii) The alignment was done using 0.014” copper nickel‑titanium wires. (c) (i‑iii) Posttreatment
photographs
decided to treat the patient nonextraction with a achieved in a treatment spanning 18 months. Bonded
self‑ligating appliance. Protect IV brackets with an MBT coaxial wire retainers bonded on the maxillary incisors
prescription were bonded [Figure 6b] and alignment and the mandibular anteriors for placed for retention.
c
Figure 6: (a) (i‑iii) Pretreatment photographs. (b) (i‑iii) The alignment using 0.014” × 0.025” copper nickel‑titanium wires. (c) (i‑iii) Posttreatment
photographs
The settled occlusion would hold the posterior segment her/their images and other clinical information to be
in place [Figure 6c]. reported in the journal. The patients understand that their
names and initials will not be published and due efforts
Conclusion will be made to conceal their identity, but anonymity
Six cases, six different bracket systems and acceptable cannot be guaranteed.
cases finishes. Self‑ligation brackets have created a niche Financial support and sponsorship
for themselves, and this is only partially due to the ideal Nil.
properties as listed by Nigel Harradine.[5] Marketing has
Conflicts of interest
played a major role in their success story. Their success
is also not without reason. In the right hands, they are There are no conflicts of interest.
definitely capable of reducing chair‑side time, provide
faster initial alignment as well as better hygiene, but
References
1. Harradine NW. Self‑ligating brackets: Where are we now? J
none of these could be collaborated.[6] In the right hands Orthod 2003;30:262‑73.
and with adequate experience, the brackets perform well 2. Fleming PS, DiBiase AT, Lee RT. Self‑ligating appliances:
and do have the added advantage of being available in Evolution or revolution? J Clin Orthod 2008;42:641‑51.
different torque prescriptions, if nothing else they do 3. Rinchuse DJ, Miles PG. Self‑ligating brackets:
Present and future. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop
decrease the need for wire bending but nothing without
2007;132:216‑22.
overcoming the learning curve. 4. Miles PG. Self‑ligating brackets in orthodontics: Do they deliver
Declaration of patient consent what they claim? Aust Dent J 2009;54:9‑11.
5. Harradine H. The history and development of self‑ligating
The authors certify that they have obtained all brackets. Semin Orthod 2008;14:5‑18.
appropriate patient consent forms. In the form the 6. Fleming PS, Johal A. Self‑ligating brackets in orthodontics.
patient(s) has/have given his/her/their consent for his/ A systematic review. Angle Orthod 2010;80:575‑84.

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[Downloaded free from http://www.jios.in on Friday, December 7, 2018, IP: 145.129.158.

Invited Submission: JIOS 50th Year Commemorative Issue

Clinical Experiences with Self‑Ligation Brackets in India

Introduction A series of case reports follow which highlight the

© 2018 Journal of Indian Orthodontic Society | Published by Wolters Kluwer ‑ Medknow S115

Singh and Patil: Self‑ligating brackets

Table 1: Various self‑ligation brackets

NITI clip opened carefully easier opening

Damon 3MX; , Ormco, California,

Opening mechanism: Vertical probe

Singh and Patil: Self‑ligating brackets

Carriere LX bracket; Ortho

Special instrument: Required block the clip

Singh and Patil: Self‑ligating brackets

Opening mechanism: Incisal on Drop in hooks Bracket needs

Special instrument: Required Accessory vertical as

Availability: Freely available expression could

Singh and Patil: Self‑ligating brackets

Singh and Patil: Self‑ligating brackets

Singh and Patil: Self‑ligating brackets

Opening mechanism: Rotational with Drop in hooks

Special instrument: Required

Opening mechanism: Rotational with

Singh and Patil: Self‑ligating brackets

Case report 2 Case report 3

Singh and Patil: Self‑ligating brackets

Singh and Patil: Self‑ligating brackets

Singh and Patil: Self‑ligating brackets

Singh and Patil: Self‑ligating brackets

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