1.

Watch the video and write the explanation of the words: syntax, if statement, conditional loop,
function, library.

Syntax: Syntax refers to the set of rules that govern the structure and composition of statements
in a programming language. Just like natural languages, such as English, have a syntax that
dictates the correct arrangement of words, programming languages also have a syntax that
determines how statements are formed and how they should be organized.

If statement: An if statement is a control flow statement in programming languages that is used

to conditionally execute a piece of code based on whether a given expression evaluates to true
or false. It can be thought of as a fork in the road, where the path taken depends on the truth
value of the expression. If statements can be combined with else statements, which act as
catch-alls if the expression is false.

Conditional loop: A conditional loop is a control flow structure that repeatedly executes a block
of code as long as a certain condition is true. There are two common types of conditional loops:
while loops and for loops. While loops execute the block of code while the specified condition is
true, whereas for loops repeat a specific number of times and are count-controlled.

Function: Functions, also known as methods or subroutines in different programming languages,

are named pieces of code that can be called and used by other parts of a program. They serve to
compartmentalize and hide complexity, allowing programmers to reuse code and avoid
duplicating it throughout the program. Functions can be called by their name and can take
arguments, which are values passed into the function.

Library: A library is a collection of pre-written functions or code modules that programmers can
use in their own programs. Libraries are typically written by expert coders and

2. Train vocabulary using quizlet cards and attach your result of the test.

3.Infotech p.121 in the text find all common nouns in bold and write their definitions.

Machine code: A sequence of binary instructions that can be directly executed by a computer's
hardware. Machine code is represented by 1s and 0s and is the lowest-level programming
language.

Assembly languages: Symbolic languages that represent machine code instructions using
human-readable mnemonics (e.g., ADD, SUB, MPY) to facilitate easier programming. Each
assembly language is specific to a particular computer architecture.
Assembler: A software program that translates assembly language code into machine code.

Low-level languages: Programming languages that are closer to the hardware, such as machine
code and assembly languages. These languages are often more complex and machine-specific.

High-level languages: Programming languages that are closer to natural language and easier for
humans to understand. High-level languages are more abstract and can be used on different
types of machines. Examples include FORTRAN, COBOL, BASIC, PASCAL, C, and JAVA.

FORTRAN: A high-level programming language developed by IBM in 1954, primarily used for
scientific and engineering applications.

COBOL: A high-level programming language developed in 1959, mainly used for business
applications. COBOL stands for Common Business Oriented Language.

BASIC: A high-level programming language developed in the 1960s, widely used in

microcomputer programming due to its ease of learning. Visual BASIC is a modern version of
BASIC, used to build graphical elements in Windows programs.

PASCAL: A high-level programming language created in 1971, often used in universities to teach
the fundamentals of programming.

C: A high-level programming language developed in the 1980s at AT&T, used for system
software, graphics, and commercial applications. C++ is an extension of C that incorporates
object-oriented programming, which focuses on specific objects and allows functions to be
altered without changing the entire program.

JAVA: A high-level programming language designed by Sun Microsystems in 1995 to run on the
Web. Java applets provide animation and interactive features on web pages.

Compiler: A software program that translates high-level source code into machine-readable
object code by converting the entire program at once.

Interpreter: A software program that translates high-level source code into machine-readable
object code line by line as the program runs.
Object code: The machine code generated by a compiler from the source code of a high-level
programming language.

Programming languages: Formal languages used to communicate instructions to a computer.

Examples include low-level languages like machine code and assembly languages, and high-level
languages like FORTRAN, COBOL, BASIC, PASCAL, C, and JAVA.

Markup languages: Languages used to create and format web documents by utilizing markup
tags to define the structure and presentation of text files. Markup languages are not the same as
programming languages.

Markup tags: Instructions used in markup languages to format and link text files.

HTML: Hypertext Markup Language, a markup language used to describe the structure and
presentation of information on web pages.

XML: Extensible Markup Language, a markup language that allows users to define their own
tags, as it is not limited

4.Grammar: p.123 Read the Help box and write 2 sentences to illustrate each rule ( 12 in total).

The infinitive:

To express purpose:

I went to the store to buy groceries for the week.

She called her friend to invite her to the party.

After adjectives:

It's important to stay focused on your goals.

I'm happy to help you with your project.

After certain verbs:

They agreed to meet at the coffee shop.

She decided to take a year off from work.

After the object of certain verbs:

Her teacher advised her to study for the upcoming test.

He warned them not to go out during the storm.

After modal verbs:

You should try to eat healthier food.

She might want to reconsider her decision.

After the object with the verbs make and let:

His parents made him clean his room.

The coach let her join the team for practice.

5. Speaking. Tell about computer language you're learning. Record yourself and submit an audio
file.