Gragd Navona! soppy Denon RF hence Sea Corporation TORRANCE, CALIFORNIA NATIONAL CATHEADS LINE PULL CAPACITY THE LINE PULL DEVELOPED BY NATIONAL CATHEAOS 18 PROPORTIONAL TO THE AIR PRESSURE APPLIED. THE FOLLOWING FORMULAS GIVE LINE PULL AS A FUNCTION OF THE AIR PRESSURE "P” IN POUNDS PER SQUARE INCH. Type "A" & TAI" Caruenos Breakout Ling Putt, Les. = 315P - 1950 @ io psi, LP. = 315 x 110 = 1950 = 32,700 Las. Make-up Line PuLL, Les. = 105P - 650 @ 10 psi, L-P. = 305 x 110 - 650 = 10,900 Les. Type *B8 & 12" CatHeaos Breakout Line Puu, Les. = 260P - 920 @ 100 Psi, L-P. = 240x110 - 920 = 25,500 Les. Maxe-uP Line PuLL, Les. © 92.5 ~ 142 @Mo0 psi, LP. = 92.5 x MO - Ike = 10,000 Les. THESE FORMULAS ARE THEORETICAL AND BASEO UPON A COEFFICIENT OF FRICTION OF .3 FOR THE FRICTION LINING. THE ACTUAL COEFFICIENT OF FRICTION MAY VARY CONSIDERABLY FROM THE ABOVE VALUE, ESPECIALLY IF THE LINING IS NOT CLEAN AND ORY. THEREFORE, THESE FORMULAS ARE GIVEN ONLY TO SERVE AS A GUIDE TO THE APPROXIMATE VARIATION OF LINE PULL WITH APPLIES AIR PRESSURE. Rev. 10-23-78 FILE ‘DATE ‘ComriteD SY | ORAWN BY J CHECKED BY 10 1-31-73 K.W-D M.L.S. K.W.0. DRG. NO. 905376TORRANCE, CALIFORNIA EPARED BY | CHECKED BY A RES 905376-1 CATREAD LINE PULL MAKE -OUT (110 psi DRAWWORKS CATHEAD CATHEAD INSTALLATIONS air THEE TYPE MAKE-UP BREAK-OUT _BREAK-OUT_-Press) T4s Foster or ‘Keleo o- o- --- 10,000 1bs. 55 Bel 701805-G —-701805-16 peteog Ika 370 32 703686-¢ 703685-G pat oce ee = 10,000 Ibs. 610 B-2 703686-G 703685-¢ petsoo ie 80-3 Bel 701805-G 701805-16 10,000 Ibs. 80-uE 25,500 Ibs. 110 Bo 701805-G _701805-16 10,000 Ibs. 110-UE 25,500 Ibs. 1320-m Bel 701805-¢ 701805-16 10,000 Ibs. 1320-UE 25,500 Ibs. 1625-4 bel 703629-16 703629-6 10,900 Ibs. 1625-DE 323700 Ibs. 1625-™ 10,900 ibs. 1625-DE A 701799-1G — 701799-G 32,700 lbs. bp to 17-2592Torrance Plant Drawworks National Supply Div. Catheads Armeo Steel Corp. Seetion_1.5 January--1967 Sheet. z CATHEADS Catheads have gone through a period of evolution as have the other major components used on a drawworks. From the very beginning of rotary drilling some means had to be devised to spin, make-up and break drill pipe joints. The use of catheads for this purpose has evolved froma soft line wrapped around a simple spool mounted on the end of a shaft, to the use of NATIONAL Air Operated Automatic Friction Catheads which are designed as an integral part of the drawworks. During the period of development, various types of automatic catheads were designed by several specialty manufacturers. ‘The earlier models were operated mechanically using some type of dog or jaw clutch for engagement. These catheads performed satisfactorily on steam drawworks because it was possible to stop, or nearly stop, the steam engine each time they were engaged. With the general use of power rigs it became necessary for safe operations to use friction catheads which could be engaged while the catshaft was turning at a relatively high speed. The first friction catheads were operated mechanically and made use of various types of jevers, rollers, cams, toggles, or eccentrics for engagement. The first air operated friction catheads were made by simply adding an air cylinder to actuate the mechanical linkage. Some air operated catheads on the market still operate on this principle. When the NATIONAL 160 Drawworks was designed in 1947 the need for a cathead better than any then on the market was recognized. The NATIONAL "A" Cathead was designed becoming standard equipment on all subsequent 160, 130 and 1320-DE drawworks. it is now furnished on 1625-DE and 1625-M drawworks. With the success of the "A" Cathead it was decided in 1952 to make a smaller cathead, the "Bl", operating on the same basic principles, for the initial Type 55 Drawworks, A11 55, 80-B, 110, 1320-UE end 1320-4 Drawworks have "Bi" Catheads as standard equipment.Drawworks Catheads Section 1.5 Sheet 2 o- Pat is CD dy 3) TYPE "eel" MAKE-UP CATHEAD ASSEMBLY DRG. No. 701805‘Drawworks Catheads Section Sheet. As anyone who has been on a rig floor during a trip oan testify, cathead operations are hazardous under the best of conditions. It is therefore important that cathesds be safe and reliable, and that they stay in adjustment and are capable of being precisely controlled under all conditions. All automatic friction catheads make use of some means to force a drum against a rotating element faced with a friction material, The end of the spinning or tong line is anchored to the drum and will wind onto the drum when 4¢ is engaged. The pull on the line will be proportional to the forse with which the drum is pushed against the friction surface. NATIONAL Catheads use air pressure applied behind a flexible diaphragm, acting directly against the drum through a thrust bearing, to supply the required actuating force. There is no intermediate meshgnical linkage which would require periodic adjustment due to wear. The diaphragm automatically compensates for lining wear and no adjustment is required. Referring to assembly drawing number 701605, of the "Bl" Make-up Cathead, air under pressure 1s introduced behind the diaphragm item No. 23. The force developed is transmitted to the piston iG ), and through the thrust bearing (47), to the drum (1). The drum is thus forced against the friction material fastened to the rotating spool (3), which is keyed to the catshaft extending through the cathead elements. The pull on a line wrapped around the drum will be proportional to the applied air pressure. When the air pressure is released the return springs (50), will instantly force the piston and diaphragm back, and through the return ring (2), will pull the drum away from the rotating friction surface. The sleeve, between the roller bearings (6), and the bronze bushing inside the drum, is an integral part of the stationary housing (4) enclosing the diaphragm and piston. Therefore.when the cathead is disengaged there is no tendency for the drum to oreep or drag because it has no contact with rotating elements. This makes itDrawworks Catheads Section_1.5 Sheet, very easy to pull the line out for the next cathead operation, and after it is pulled out the line will not have to be held to keep it from creeping back. This important feature of NATIONAL Catheads is not found on all competitive catheads. The above operating principles apply to all NATIONAL Catheads. However, on Types "A" and "Bl" Breakout Catheads greater torque capacity is obtained by introducing an additional friction and pressure plate to provide three friction driving surfaces. Centering springs are used in conjunction with both plates to prevent contact between stationary and rotating surfaces when the cathead is disengaged. NATIONAL "A" and "BL" Breakout, and "Bl" Make-up Catheads are shown on drawings numbers 702280, 702930 and 701799-1 on sheets 10, 11 and 12. It can be demonstrated the loading on the catshaft bearings and the bending moment on the cathsaft are proportional to the distance from the catshaft bearing to the point of application of the line pull. For this reason NATIONAL Catheads are designed to locate the drum and soft line spool as close as possible to the cathsaft bearings. To obtain close mounting the catshaft is extended through the cathead. There is no need for a hub and flange to sonnect the cathead to the shaft. Extremely close mounting 1s obtained on the "A" Cathead by making the catshaft bearing box an integral part of the cathead housing. With this construction the catshaft bearing also takes the end thrust developed when the cathead 1s engaged. Another important reason for having a closely mounted cathead is to make it possible to direct the tong line in front of the driller. This is desirable for safety reasons. The driller can see the line easily to be sure it 1s not fouled; in case he has to leave the derrick floor in a hurry, the line will not be in his path of escape. Conducting the tong line in front of the driller also simplifies the rope roller construction. These can be supported simply from the bearing support plates instead of requiring an elaborate roller and superstructure to locate and support a guide behind the driller.Drawworks Catheads Section 1.5 Sheet_— 5 There are very few parts which may require replacement on NATIONAL Catheads. These parts are the friction lining, the’ synthetic rubber diaphragm, the drum return springs, and the friction plate centering springs on the breakout cathead. As shown on the assembly drawings these elements are readily accessible. With reference to drawing number 701805, to replace the friction lining the rope hanger and guards are removed, the retaining bolt in the end of the shaft is loosened 4@ turn or two, and air 1s applied to the cathead. This will force the spool off of the tapered shaft. It is sometimes necessary to tap the spool lightly with a hammer to break the taper loose. The spool can then be removed from the shaft and the friction lining can be replaced. The diaphragm is exposed for inspection simply by sliding the drum and piston, as a unit, off of the stationary sleeve. The diaphragm can be replaced by removing the retaining bolts on the back side of the housing. Puller holes are provided in the hub of the spool should it be necessary to remove the spool when it is not possible to build up air pressure behind the diaphragm. Tne above remarks apply to the "BL" Make-up Cathead. Replacement of wearing parts on the "Bi" Breakout and oth "A" Catheads can be accomplished almost as easily since they are similar in construction although they do differ somewhat in detail. All NATIONAL Catheads are equipped with a rope guide to separate the first two coils of soft line and keep them from overiapping when the line is looped around the spool. The working area where the line is snubbed around the spool is flame hardened to minimize wear. When air operated catheads first came into general use, control was something of a problem. Drillers were use to pulling on a long lever with considerable force when using mechanical catheads, It was mostly a matter of education in getting them to use the control lever on an air operated cathead more gently, and to refrain from applying full air pressure for every cathead operation.Drawworks Catheads Section 1.5 Sheet_—6 To help guide the driller and provide sensitive control in the lower pressure ranges, where most spinning and make-up operations are performed, a carefully designed control lever and air valve operating cam are furnished on all drawworks. The control lever travels in a notehed slot in the control console cover. The cam is designed to give the greatest amount of lever movement in the lower pressure range. While the control lever is moved to the notch the cam turns through 50 degrees and delivers 0 to 40 psi air pressure to the cathead. In the remaining 25 degrees from the notch to the end of the slot, from 40 to 100-110 psi is supplied. Of course, by proper manipulation of the lever any air pressure from 0 to 110 psi, and therefore any line pull from zero to the maximum, can be applied to the tongs. We have indicated the line pull developed by NATIONAL Catheads 1s proportional to the air pressure applied. The following formulas give this line pull as a function of the air pressure "P" in pounds per square inch. ‘Type Catheads Breakout Line Pull, Lbs. = 315P - 1950 @ 110 psi, L.P. = 315 x 110° - 1950 = 32,700 Lbs. Make-up Line Pull, Lbs, = 105P - 650 @ 110 psi, L.P. = 105 x 110 - 650 = 10,900 Lbs. Type "BL" Catheads Breakout Line Pull, Lbs. = 240P ~ 920 @ 110 pet, L.P. = 240 x 110 - 920 = 25,500 Lbs. Make-up Line Pull, Lbs. = 92.5 - 12 @ 110 psi, L.P. = 92.5 x 110 - 142 = 10,000 Lbs.Drawworks Catheads Section_1.5 Sheet. These formulas are theoretical and based upon a coefficient of friction of .3 for the friction lining. ‘The actual coefficient of friction may vary considerably from the above value, especially if the lining is not clean and dry. Therefore, these formulas are given only to serve as a guide to the approximate variation of line pull with applied air pressure. We have been asked why all the larger NATIONAL drawworks use catheads of our own make, and why the design is such that it is not possible to substitute catheads made by other suppliers. There are several reasons. First, it means more profit for National 1f components and replacement parts of our own manufacture are sold rather than items made by someone else. Second, in our opinion, our catheads are superior to any other make. Third, it helps reduce the time required for delivery of drawworks. All drawworks are stocked with catheads installed as an integral part. When an order is received it is not necessary to determine the catheads required, wait for their delivery, arrange for the proper location of the anchors, catline sheaves and grips, tong line rollers and controls (mechanical or air); and make and install adapter hubs and guards for the exposed hubs and flanges.Drawworks Catheads Section 1.5 Sheet 8) TYPE "9-1" BREAKOUT cA COMPETETIVE CATHEAD ¥/FU AD COMPARED To DRG. No. 702529 }£9 MOUNTING HUSDrawworks Catheads Section 1.5 Sheet_—9 Fourth, using our own closely mounted catheads the loading on the shafts and bearings is lmown and we can design them accordingly. There is no danger of premature failure due to excessive overhang. This is illustrated on drawing number 702929 which shows a NATIONAL "BL" Cathead with our through shaft compared to a competitive cathead with a flanged mounting bub. The distances from the catshaft bearing to the points of application of the tong line and soft line pulls on the competitive cathead are approximately twice as great as the comparable distances on the NATIONAL Cathead. This means that with the competitive cathead, for the same line pulls, the load on the catshaft bearings will be considerably greater. The bending moment trying to bend or break the shaft at the bearing will be twice as great with the competitive cathead. Other catheads cannot be substituted for ours because the catshaft passes through NATIONAL Catheads. This provides the best support for the cathead elements, makes close coupling possible, as discussed above; and offers a more economical construction, By extending the catshaft at very little cost, the need for a separate shaft with a flanged end and @ mating flenged mounting hub is eliminated. Since NATIONAL Catheads have been successful and accepted by the trade, since wearing parts can easily be replaced while the cathead is on the drawworks, and because of the design advantages discussed above, we can see no valid reason for designing our catheads so that they can be replaced by those manufactured by others. By the end of 1966 over 500 NATIONAL Drawworks had bee: sold with over 1000 NATIONAL "A" and "B1" Make-up and Breakout Catheads as standard equipment. A survey of our sales of replacement parts indicates that they are giving our customers excellent service. KWD RNC / fosDrawworks Catheads eee ae Section 1.5 Sheet 12 @!1™ TYPE "AT VAKEUP CATHEAD INSTALLATION PLATE Now 701799+1