ARTICLES | There are two categories of articles: the indefinite article @ or an, - and the definite article the. ip: We do not pura or an before plural or uncountable nouns because @ means only one, _ The Indefinite Article 2 Use aor an before the name of a single thing that can be counted. ‘an architect ‘an octopus ‘an airport aan island 3. Do not use aor an before a plural noun. Tie ips acrocodiles (x) ‘women (x) teeth (*) rural means ‘an emails (*) an oxen (*) an envelopes (x) more than Do not use aor an before the name of a thing that cannot be counted. sugar ~) anadvice (x) furniture (x) amilk *) {an information (x) anice (x) chalk ~ ‘an equipment (x) anews — (x)5 Use abefore the common name that we give to people, animals, places and things. (Tr He is aschool ‘Aond an ele 10a spectic (ti Bp cncpeobou: person o hing. We use them Isaw a monkey riding a bicycle. for singular countable nouns. “The words schoolboy, monkey, yc park wale They met in a park and watch are common nouns.A commen noun My brother found awallet and a watch. does NOT begin with 2 CAPITAL leter See Unit 17 for Nouns. 6. Use an before a word that stats with « vowel sound made by the letters 0, ¢,j, 0and u qaioonduawe | that an abacus? Do we use an | |No.. it depends cone for ALL words on the sound. called vowels. Al That is an easy question. that begin with made by the first ae. 2.¢,1, 00"? letter ofthe word. Ihe phabe org, | WOuld like to lve in an igloo. You dress like an old woman. My friend works as an usherin the cinema, 7A "al Use an with the words below as they also begin with vowel sounds. opie eagle iceberg olive umbrella ‘equarium explosion insect orchard umpire ‘amazing story excellent answer important person obedient girl ugly face 7 Donot use an before a word that begins with a vowel that makes (©; a 'you' sound. Use a instead. Say EEE, There are many, many words thot begin with European :you-ropean lam a European. vowel sounds. Used usenfriendly :yousertriendly dctionary 10 find them. corms yunicorn This is a user-friendly mobile phone. Harry Potter saw Lord Voldemort drinking the blood of a unicorn in the Forbidden Forest. 8 Use an before a word that starts with a silent h. neerae | | aipperneced tows |. owt The train to Kuala Lumpur leaves in an hour. Everyone likes Bob because he is an honest boy. @ o Dat > That old man is very rich but he does not hove an Ny heir to his fortune. r) & 2 3 « ¥ “aa I undeivered please ret 0 ee P.0.Box 10395 he BAYARAN POS JELAS. schemata: RE ~ POSTAGE PAIDJusta reminder: Use an before letters spoken with a vowel sound. a eioere uae camiawoeee end cn ihe other letters are called consonants, 1 got an‘A’ for English! My sister married an FBI agent. received an SMS from Abhishek this morning. Please remember this. We use a or an based on the sound made by the initial letter of the word that follows it and NOT on how itis spett. ® These words BEGIN WITH A ® These words BEGIN WITH A VOWEL and are SPOKEN WITH CONSONANT and are SPOKEN WITH A ‘A VOWEL SOUND. CONSONANT SOUND. fon urn hall ‘on unhappy boy horse ‘an uncle heavy box ® These words BEGIN WITH A ® These words BEGIN WITH A VOWEL but are SPOKEN WITH CONSONANT but are SPOKEN WITH A ACONSONANT SOUND. VOWEL SOUND (because the his silent) unit ‘on heir Eurasian ‘on honour eucalyptus tree fon hourky fight useful godget a one-way street 10 Use aor an when you mention a person or thing for the first time. My father is going to buy anew car. I saw a boy climbing up that tree. Anita rode an ostrich yesterday, II Use aor an before a word that describes a single person or thing. That is a beaut flower. Words thot deserbo poople We had an exciting holiday. and things are “The word thing called adjectives incudes animals, See Unit 2 and places, to0| 12 Use aor an before the names of occupations. Buzz's mother is a teacher. Lee wants to be an astronaut. ‘You have to study hard if you want to be an engineer. 3‘The words T'm @ Malaysian citizen. . % Molaysian ana J 5 I spoke to a Pakistani tourist justnow. adjectives. See Unit 22. | } Indonesion oe } 14 Use aor an when counting or measuring things. ‘That's an expensive fish. It costs RM40.00 a kilo. The speed limit on this highway is 110 kilometres: an hour. j Ee Theyre ten Cos pn ne | How much ar the teggt ob Gaerso chocolates, please? eee the time, please? _ peer pos fn | | | | the magic lamp the rainbows F 16 Use the before the name of a thing that cannot be counted. | avatar * thewoter — (V) ae | | amoney —() the money (¥) } an information (x) the information (¥) ‘an equipment (x) the equipment (7) sins | Although you cannot use @ or an with these words, i For example: * She put the sugar in the bowl. '* [followed the advice you gave me. * He put the rice into the container. | 417 Donot use the with plural nouns, if you are talking about the whole (group or class of something, The speakers in che The crocodiles are reptiles. (x) pictures below are a Ealing sbout things Crocodiles are reptiles, ” q that the listeners already know about The vegetables and the fruits are good for health re Vegetables and fruits are good for heatth Gniiicien cr ‘hing the spenker is referring to Use the when people already know exactly which person or thing {you are talking about. 1's hot in here, Please ‘pen the window. The headmaster The feathers V7 Is my uncle, core mine! 19. Use the when you refer to something for the second time. First mention Second mention The hare accepted the challenge because A tortoise challenged a hare to run a race | he knew that the tortoise was a very slow to see who would win. ‘animal and would never be able to beat him. First, break an egg into a bow! and add in some satt ond pepper. Then, beat the egg gently with a fork. Use the with groups that represent a whole class of people or things. Robin Hood robbed the rich to give to the poor. The young should be taught how to spend money wisely, She loves to work with the disabled21. Use the for familiar things or because there is only one of its kind. Martin loves camping in the forest. © The moon orbits the Earth in 27.3 days. 22. Use the before ordinals. This is the third time that you have lost this competition. Farid willbe fing off o Tokyo on the twenfy-sixh, Ordinal numbers show the position of things | items. Here are numbers one to ten written as: Ist, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, Mth, Oth. 23. Use the before the names of musical instruments. Jenny plays the harp. ‘Shomsuddin played the recorder well during the concer. 4 My sister, Vanessa, plays the violin. 24 Use the before the names of some countries: i “Here are some of United States of America. , It would be great if we could go to the hel names: Philippines for « holiday! ‘My cousin works in the Netherlands. 25 Use the before the names of mountain ranges, rivers, oceans and groups of islonds. We went skiing in the Alps. The Andes is the second highest mountain range in the word. = They bough! « house near the Mississippi River. ‘A huge ship sonk in the Pacific Ocean last night. The Spratly Islands are found in the South China Sea.26 Use the before the names of buildings ond places consisting of adjective + noun or noun + of + noun: See Unit 17 for NNoune & Unit 21 TCE for Adjectives. We played football at the National Stadium last night. My friend went missing in the House of Horrors. 27 Use the before superlatives. Siew Lee is the thinnest girl in my class. Asuperiative is. nome given to Jenny is the most popular girl in school the highest degree My father ie the mast ton adjective or That is the worst excuse I have ever heard! handsome of them at odvero! See Units 21422. > € Complete the sentences below with aor an. Miss Tan is __ English teacher. —— eagle is a large and powerful bird. My friend has ___ Ben 10 Omnitrix watch. Chelvi is __ hard-working girl Did you receive ___ SMS from Jimmy this morning? There is __ coconut tree behind my house. They say that ___ tiger lives in _ cave on the hill behind the village. My grandfather bought ___ SUV last week. Phew! Did someone bring durian into the classroom? Edwin saved up his money to buy his brother ___ birthday present Poor Rami! He got ___'F’ for Mathematics. This bird has ___ purple beak and ___ orange tail There is ___ Korean boy and Indian gil in my class. Farah is eating __ ice cream and __ sandwich, Mother asked me to get kilo of rice and __ litre of mango juice. 1B Complete the sentences below with a, an or the. Jack and Jil went up __ hill to fetch _ pail of water. My mother makes ___ best chocolate cake in __ world. Thought ___ pen for myself and __ notebook for my sister. Question: What does ___ cow play at ___ birthday party? ‘Answer: ‘moo-sical chairs’ I saw ___ UFO landing on __ roof of my neighbour's house lost night. —— eagle lays its eggs in ___ eyrie that is built in _ high, distant place. — Prime Minister willbe visiting our school on —_ 23rd of this month. Gulliver's Travels is __ interesting story about ___ man’s adventures fo some really strange places. 7 ___ United Nations connects people, ideas and resources for Better world. 10. Lam going to take part in __ play so I need _ugh1ooking dress ond __ old pair of shoes. | Jupiter is __ largest planet in __ solar system and it fakes about 12 ears to orbit 28 aun: 12. Mother: Did you finish __ essay that Mrs Rama gave you? Daughter: Yes, but it was __ very difficult essay fo write, Mum. 13 Adam: Can you tell me __ time, please? Chris: Certainly. I's quarter to ten. '4 Did you hear about ___ murder in Jalan Kasturi last night? It was on 8 o'clock news on television. 15 Olav : Where does fish keep its money? Matt : Hmm...sorry, I don't know —__ answer. Olav : In __ account in __ river bank, of course! 16 My grandmother hos ___ coin that is more than 200 years old. She found min unused well in __ forest. 17 Hannah would like to keep iguana as __ pet but her mother Saus that she should get __ kitten instead, 18 __ mosquito is insect that can spread deadly diseases. _ Aedes mosquito is responsible for spreading Dengue Fever. 17 Pinocchio was wooden puppet who wanted to be __ reall boy. Head —_ long nose that would grow longer when he told _ lie. He was carved &y —_—aion woodearver named Geppetto. 20 Pete : Why don't we go to___ cinema and see ___ movie? Noah : That's ___ great idea! Let's go to __one near my house. hear thot there's —— discount for schoo! children. Fone eveNouns Not Needing Articles. 28 Do not use a, an or the before people's names and titles: We do not use @, an or the with some nouns when we tlk rr (8) Dimitri won the scrabble competition. shout them ina general way ips ilps My headmistress is (x) Miss Azreen Mohd. Tips When nouns are used Without an article, we Have you ever met (x) Prof. Saunders? Ce sometimes eal i zero “The (%) in each sentence marks article. the place where an article is not needed before che noun The ‘noun i in iealis. 29 Do not use a, an or the before the names of most roads/ streets, villages, towns, cities, states and countries: Tips Abbey lives along (x) Park Lane, Ce i i ips Wedouete win (2) Park Lane is 0 very busy road in (x) Kent, (Tips ¢ some names of roads Do not use articles mpccares It takes an hour to get from (x) Rawang to (x) cues Thea, The Hign Kuala Lumpur. Uae a ab al fim Saeecc* Solse"_() Seoul is the capital of (X) South Korea. (%) Flufyball. 30 Donot use a, an or the before the names of holidays, festivals and events that are celebrated yearly when we refer to them in general: My neighbour celebrates (x) Hari Raya Aidifitr We're planning a party for (x) Teachers’ Day. () Eosteris celebrated all over the world. You can use articles with holidays and festivals like this: + We had @ Christmas party last yeor. + The Teachers’ Day lunch was organised by my class. 31 Donotuse a, anor the before the names of nationalities and languages when we talk ‘about them in general He is not (x) British. He is (x) Canadian. My teacher, Mr Philippe, can speak () French, (x) English, (%) Spanish, (%) German and (x) Swedish. You can use articles with nationalities and languages in this way; ‘+ Itis @ Japanese custom to remove shoes before entering a house. + Peter is an Australian living in Africa. ‘+ The Mandarin that you speak is different from the one spoken in my country.32 Donot.use 2, an or the before the names of meals or food when refering the genera! coctivity of eating We had (x) breakfast at half past six this morning. They usually have (X) Junch at that restaurant, | ‘Stefan and Tony go out for (X) pizza every Sunday. + We usually have the toast with the butter for breakfast: (2) (Ties We have toast with butter for breakfast. ‘These sentences do + We drink the coffee every morning. not refer to a specific We drink coffee every morning. = = 33. Do not use a, an or the before the general names of sports and eter cetiviies of leisure. | Noreen is good at (x) netball Let's fly on our broomsticks and play (%) Quidditch! | Bini.) : My family enjoys (%) walking together in the evenings. cntaa —) You con use articles with sports and activities if you soy it inthis) eens | manner: ‘whch nthe Harry + There will be netball competition next week. Pome series of books | * All the walking that I have done has made me healthy. 34 Donot use a, anor the before the names of colours when you speak about them in | general, If you watch the sunset, you will see that the Sun is (4) bright | {yellow and the sky hos shades of (X) orange and (3) crimson. |As the Sun slowly goes down, the colours change to shades of () mauve and (x) blue. But i’s correct to put the before a colour, in a sentence like this: «like the purple blouse that Amy is wearing. +The black dog outside the temple ate my shoe! 35. Do not.use a, an or the before the names of days or months of the wear or seasons, it {you use these words in a general sense: 11 go for English tuition on (8) Monday and (x) Wednesday. Gilbert went to South Korea in (x) September. My cousin who lives in Scotland says that (0 winter is the best time of the year. However, you can put the before the name of the day, month or | ‘season, iit functions as an adjective: © Tlove going to the Sunday Market with my mother. + You can get lots of discounts during the summer soles.36 Donotuse a, an or the before the names of some places (home, school, college, University, church, hospital, prison, cour), if we talk about them in a general way They escaped from (Xx) prison by climbing over the wall Luke : Is Billy stil in (X) hospital? Rosie : He's been discharged but he won't be in (x) schoo! till Monday, We use the with these places in sentences like the ones below: * went to the hospital to visit Billy. +The school opposite my house was broken into last night. * We visited the home for the elderly in Dorset yesterday, Do not use a, an or the before the names of most buildings and places. + The snot used wih names of arp. We have to be at (#) Sydney International Airport Seraumss we er sy te mane oe en at least two hours before the plone leaves. tayHe landed at Tokyo Inernational ce-She' The Queen of England lives in (x) Buckingham, HBseMenowow gh Palace. universes that donot have of othe names For example, we s2y"He' studying in Mcwell My brother studies medicine at (x) Lincoln College. College.” or rian sen tarterd Universi 38 Do not use a, anor the before abstract nouns that are used in a general sense. Sora: What is (x) happiness to you? Zack : (%) Happiness is having you as my friend! The army gave him a medal for his (x) bravery. 34 Do not use a, an or the before the names of diseases and illnesses. Grandfather went to the doctor because he had (x) backache. My mother, Mary, died of () cancer in April 2008. Here's something you should know: British English American English Thave toothache. Thave a toothache. Thave backache. Thave a backache. Thave stomachache. Thave a stomachache.40 Do not use a, an or the with the noun that comes after the words a/the number of or an/the amount of. ‘A number of (x) cars were involved in the accident on the highway last night. am shocked at the amount of (x) money that you spend on clothes! ‘41 Do not use a, anor the after the words both and all. 3 J 8 Both (x) computers have been crippled ‘ by a virus. ‘You can use the ater both and “a refers to something Alll (&) pupils must be here by eight should include tomorrow morning. bs were stolen aslep. 42 Do not use a, an or the after words like kind of, type of, species of, variety of etc., when talking about things that are not specific. What kind of (x) music do you like? Seth : What's that? Lim: It's a species of (x) plant that you ean find only in this jungle. There is a great variety of (X) food to enjoy in Asia.exp Complete these sentences with a, an or the, where necessary. 1 ___ Dr Nelson lives in that big house on —— ill Do you know how to get to Bradford Street? ‘They bought —__ new house in __ Devonshire, We will be celebrating New Year ot my grandporents’__ house in ___ Johor. 2 3 4 5 Katy had a slice of —__ bread and __ apple for breakfast. 6 7 8 Katrina went to grocers to buy —— kilo of ___ suger. Benny's father is ___ Chinese and his mother is Indian. Would you like to have lunch ot my place? My mother cooks best curry in — world! 4 My brother loves playing futsal. He proctices with __ team from his school 10 Although I lke all colours of the rainbow, violet is stil my favourite colour. 1 They go to church every Sunday and visit___ hospital after that. 12 My porents play tennis on __ Wednesday at __ tennis court behind — Community Centre. 13 ___ Venice is known as —— “City of Canals” and stretches across over ___ hundred ‘small islands in the marshy Venetian Lagoon: 14 My grandfather sufters from ___ backache so he has to go to doctor at least once week. 15 Maloysians live in __ peace and ___ friendship with one another. 16 The number of —__ pupils who skip school and hang out in_. Cyber Cafés is growing. 17 All___ pupils must wear their name tags during assembly tomorrow. 18 Isaw iguana and ___ emu ot __ zo0 in ___ Singapore. 14 William: Is that __ anteater? Ricky: Yes, i's scaly anteater called ___ pangolin. I's native to _ Southeost Asia ond Africa 20 Teacher : Okay, you've heard _— story. Now tell me if you agree that honesty is _— best policy. Pupils: Yes!