44 OP-AMP SLEW RATE AND CMRR INTRODUCTION ‘The slew rate of an op-amp tells how fast the output voltage can change with respect toa change at the input. The unit of measurement of slew rate is volts per unit of time, typically V/s. Theslowest rateofchangeofoutputoceursatunity gain;thereforeitisunderthisconditionthattheparameterismostoftenstated. | ‘Common-mode rejection (CMRR) is defined as an op-amp’s ability tomini- mize the effects of unwanted input signals. These signals may be the result of power supply fluctuations or electromagnetic interference (EMI). CMRRis the Iti of diferential-mode gain (A) to common-mode gain (Aca) ands exprested in eB. In this experiment you will construct an op-amp circuit to measure slew rat. “Two different measurements will be made. The second measurement, the more difficult, will also demonstrate the power bandwidth characteristic ofa op-amp. ‘You will also setup circuitto measure the op-amp response to a common-mode input and from this derive the amplifier MRR. REFERENCE Principles of Electronic Devices and Circuits - Chapter 11, Section 11.3 OBJECTIVES ‘Upon completing this experiment, you will beable to: Determine the slew rate of an op-amp ¥ Determine the CMRR of an op-amp EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS DC power supply (Circuit protoboard Function generator Operational amplifier, 741 or equivalent Dual-trace oscilloscope Resistors: |kO, 1 MQ [2] Digital multimeter (OP-AMP SLEW RATE ANDCMRR. 183SECTION I FUNCTIONAL EXPERIMENT ‘Op-Amp Slew Rate 1. Connect the circuit shown in Figure 44.1. The op-amp is configured as a ‘unity-gain, noninverting voltage follower. Connect the oscilloscope as shown, and set the controls tothe following positions: Positive slope Intemal trigger on Channel 1 Figure 44.4 2. Apply DC power and a 25-kHz, 6-Vpp square wave to the noninverting, input. You should observe two waveforms similar to those in Figure 442. 3. InGraph 44.1, add time and amplitude units and sketch the waveforms. “2 mS Figure 44.2 Graph 44.1 4, Measure the peak-to-peak voltage of the output waveform and record this below as AV. bo av. 5, Measure the amount of time it takes the waveform to change from one ‘peak to the other (this can be on either the positive-going or the negative- going edge). Record this value as At below. Ate | 6. Calculate the slew rate of the op-amp using the following formula: | slew rate = AV/At slew rate: 184 EXPERIMENT 4410. rT ‘The slew rate of an op-amp limits its performance with a sinusoidal signal also. Te the slope of the sinusoidal signal is greater than the op-amp slew. rate distortion or power bandwidth. The relationship between the fre- aponcy wher the spa arto dior and he pie slew tei siven SR=2nfnVp ‘Change the function generator output to a sinewave signal. Maintain the output at 6 Vp-p. Starting ata frequency of | KHz, observe the op-amp ‘output while increasing the frequency. Adjust the generator frequency to the value where you can just begin to detect distortion ofthe sine AAs the frequency is increased, ‘wave, This is fi Record this frequency, ‘you will note that the output ‘signal will become triangular fa. shaped. ‘Using the formula of step 7, calculate the op-amp slew rate, and record ‘your result. i slew rate = ‘Although the power bandwidth measurement is more difficult to make, itillustrates the lange signal limitation thatthe slew rate imposes on an op-amp. ‘Tam off power from the function generator, then remove DC power from the circuit. Disassemble the circuit. Op-Amp CMRR ‘Connect the circuit in Figure 44. Calculate the differential-mode gain (A) using the following, formula: A=RORL A= iy Vou Apply DC power and a 6-Vpp, 60-H sine wave to the input. W) ‘This voltage will be used to represent EMI from a nearby piece of machinery. + ‘Observe the input and output signals on the oscilloscope. You should ob- serve a 6-Vp- input signal and a small signal atthe output. ‘Measure the AC voltage (via) at pin 2 (or pin 3) ofthe op-amp. Measure ‘the AC voltage (Vou) at pin 6 ofthe op-amp. Use the formula Vaw/Vin 0 find the common-mode gain (Aen). Record these values below. a Meee Calculate the common-mode rejection rato, in dB, using this formula: =A- CMRR = log 3 CMRR =. ‘OP-AMP SLEW RATE AND CMRR 185,186 EXPERIMENT 44 7. Tum off the power from the func r ren the Ghee inction generator; then remove DC power DISCUSSION, — 1 ‘The op-amp parameter, slew rate, can have an impact on how a particular ‘op-amp will perform in different situations. Describe what effect fre- ‘quency variations might have on slew rate. ‘Compare the data sheet parameters of a tA741 to those of an LM308 2 ‘op-amp. Which op-amp you think would be better suited for use in an ‘area susceptible to high electromagnetic interference? Justify your an- swer. Quick Check 1. ‘The slew rate of an op-amp is independent of the frequency that will be applied. Tre False 2. Ifacertain op-amp has a voltage swing from +5.5 V to -7.5 V in 0.25 ys, the slew rate is equal to__. (@8V/ns (b) 3.25 Vins (©) 52 Vins (8) 05 Vis 3, The unit in which the common-mode rejection ratio is tated is__. @aB ©) Vins @a (@) no unit 4, Acertain op-amp has a CMRR of 76 dB. The ratio of A to Acu is @ 6310, (b) 38 (©) 1520 @76