● Paris Agreement on Climate Change: The Paris Agreement was signed in 2015 by

almost 200 countries, with the aim of limiting global warming to well below 2°C above
pre-industrial levels, and pursuing efforts to limit the increase to 1.5°C. The agreement
recognizes the importance of sustainable development, and calls for the implementation
of low-carbon pathways, adaptation to the impacts of climate change, and increased
financial support to developing countries. The agreement requires countries to regularly
report on their progress in reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and to increase their
efforts over time.

● Sustainable Development Goals: The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were

adopted by the United Nations in 2015, and provide a framework for sustainable
development. The SDGs comprise 17 goals and 169 targets, covering a range of issues
including poverty, health, education, gender equality, clean water and sanitation,
renewable energy, and climate action. The SDGs aim to end poverty, protect the planet,
and ensure prosperity for all, by 2030. Governments are expected to align their policies
and strategies with the SDGs, and to report regularly on their progress.

● Circular Economy Action Plan: The European Commission launched the Circular
Economy Action Plan in 2020, with the aim of promoting a more sustainable and circular
economy. The plan comprises a set of initiatives and measures to reduce waste and
promote the reuse and recycling of materials. Key actions include setting binding targets
for waste reduction and recycling, promoting the use of secondary raw materials, and
reducing the environmental impact of products throughout their life cycle. The plan also
aims to create jobs and promote innovation in the circular economy.

These policies and action plans represent important steps towards sustainability
development, by setting ambitious goals and providing a framework for action. However,
their success depends on effective implementation, monitoring and reporting, and the
commitment and cooperation of governments, businesses, and individuals.