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    Standard NF E22-141 Décembre 1955 1st issue E22-141 Cylindrical involute splines. www.afnor.org y Deis ase 7 Cnet ree y Ut} peeve tomi Renin ieeeenmont nt eras 24 Juin 2010 Reiicarcteennrioren aunts eins oe Imprimé par AFNOR le aa CaNoeneaintc) a ieee Peta Meta ire iarter 4 ea ena eam cr avec l'autorisation de Editeur afmor 4055 —NF-E22-144 REGISTERED STRAIGHT SPLINES NF FRENCH 22101 STANDARD WITH INVOLUTE SIDES December 1955 Dimensions in millimetres FOREWORD SCOPE The purpose of this standard is : 1. To specify and explain the principles for designing and producing straight splines with involute sides, in accordance with the same techniques and using the sae machine tools as for producing gear teeth. 2. To define standard splines designed in accordance with these principles. Only the original Standard in Fronch is authentic. tion (AFNOR) — Tour Europe Cedex 7 92080 Paris La Ds sense — Tél (1) 778 1926 5 3 z= g & 2 z 3S @ E 3. Determine the tolerances relating to these splines and to describe the methods used to inspect them. FIELD OF APPLICATION These splines are used in all branches of mechanical engineering (automobile, aeronautical, railways, machine tools, engines and power units, etc.}. They are capable of being machined easily, accurately, and economically and possess self-centring properties which provide for a silent drive at high speeds. Technical Help to Exporters Service of BS! Iesued by L’Association Frangaise de Normal Registered by decision Issue 1 = April 47 of 11.847 Revision 1 : December 55 CANNELURES RECTILIGNES A FLANCS EN DEVELOPPANTE Décombre 1958 NFE22141 NF E 22-141 BASIC PRINCIPLES 4. The nominal external diameters of shafts are identical to the bore sizes for ball bearings. 2. A single tolerencing system for the hole irrespective of the type of assembly being considered. 3. Gear cutting tools may be used, the number of different tools being limited to a minimum. METHODS USED 4. Tooling Tooling is identical to that used for cutting truncated gear teeth with a 20° pressure angle. Shafts mey be cut by means of a gear tdoth generating method using standard tools : hob, rack cutter, pinion type shaper cutter. Holes may be cut using a pinion type shaper cutter or by broaching. 2. Splines a. Basie rack The basic rack comprises a rack with straight sides; the pressure angle is 20° and the height of the tooth is equivalent to a module of 1.2. Décombro 1955 NF E22-141 NF E 22-141 The top of the rack teeth is 0.2 module above the reference line. The height of the straight sides is one module and the clearance at the tooth root is 0.2 module. The pitch line is x module below the reference line. The factor x which determines the distance between the cutter pitch circle and the reference line (for the basic rack or the toothed generating rack) is known as the tooth or addendum correction, b. Modules Ten series of splines are provided for, each being defined by a module value. The modules are divided into two series. - Primary series (recommended) formed by whole submultiples of 10 : 0.50 - 1,00 - 1.25 ~ 1.667 - 2.50 - 5.00 - 10,00. - Secondary series formed by whole submultiples of 7.5 : 0.75 - 3.75 - 7.50. ¢. Addendum (or tooth) correction The addendum (or tooth) correction hes the same value x = 0.8 for all the shefts in the module primary series, except for shafts with 12 and 17 teeth, 1.25 module, where the addendum correction is x = 0.6; in the case of shafts with 17 teeth, 1.667 module, the addendum correction is x = 0.9. Shafts in the secondary series have three different addendum correction values, depending on the value for the external diameter : x = 0.633; x = 0.8 (the same ss) and x = 0.967. as for the primary se For this reason, it is recommended that the primary series is used whenever this does not cause problems. The addendum correction values given above ensure that the splines have the Décombre 1955 NF EZ2-141 NF E 22-141 following characteristics + = the cutter pitch circle is at the base of the tooth where the pressure. angle is 20° but the angle of incidence y at the contact zone middle point is approximately 30°. This value is suitable for centring on the sides or flanks end is also ap when the shaft slides in the hole. = The tooth thickness at the cutter pitch circle Is noticeably greater than the space width. ° y \ 20° cutter piteh circle Fig. 2. d. Respective positions of the cutter pitch circle for the shaft and the hole bore Décombre 1955 NFE22181 NF E 22-141 The minor diameter D of the hole has a value D = A - 2m and the cutter pitch circle diameter D' = Nm are linked by the expression defining the addendum correction : A—m(N + 04) 2m The first two expressions show that D - D' = A - Nm - 2m. The last expression gives A - Nm = (2x + 0.4) m where D = D! = (2x ~ 1.6)m. In perticular, it may be seen that D = D! when x = 0.8. Non-standard dimensions a. Module. 1.25 For A = 12, N = 8 and A = 17, N = 12, the following expression —m (N+ 04) 2m shows that, in both cases, x = 0.6 b. Module 1.667 For A = 17, N = 8, we have x-= 0.9, e. Height of tooth For all shafts in the primary series, the spline addendum relative to the cutter pitch circle has a nominal value of one for the module. In practice, the height of the contact surface has a velue of 0.9 m. As A is the nominel outside diemeter, taken as being the basic dimension, the outside diemeter of the shaft has a value equal to A', = A or At, = A - 0.2m, depending on the centring method and the bore of the hole has a value A - 2m in all cases (see formula). The theoretical value for the total contact surfece per unit of shaft length is independent of the module. Décombre 1955 NFE22.141 NF E 22-141 The number expressing this is the product of the contact surface height ied by the number of teeth, that is, the cutter pitch circle diameter multipled by the coefficient 0.9. It should be noted that the smaller modules are preferable from an economic point of view regarding use of the material and the strength of the shaft as, for a given outside diameter and the same contact surface, they enable a larger bese diameter to be used. The only limit to this condition (reduction of the module m and increase in the number of teeth N) is due to the weakness and reduced strength of the broach teeth. 3. Centring Centring on the sides or flanks is recommended as this will provide. several advantages during the manufacturing process. External centring is possible as the width: of. the spline at the top is always sufficient. For the shaft, a special hob i necessary and, when cutting the hole, a specially designed tool is required per diameter. However, the value of the space width at the bottom of the teeth does not permit internal centring. 4. Fits As the spline profile, defined by the nominal dimensions and the hole tolerances, is the same irrespective of the assembly method to be used, the verious fits between the shaft and the hole are obtained by varying the value of the addendum correction, as necessary. This requitement is considered in more detail in the section "Tolerances". Décembro 1055 NF.EZ-141 NF E 22-141 DESIGNATION A straight spline with involute sides is designated in accordance with the following symbols : Nominal diameter A Number of teeth N Module m placed in the sequence A x N x m and followed by a reference to this standard. Example of designation SPLINE 35 x 12 x 2.50 (€ 22-141). DEFINITIONS A Nominal diemeter (bore size of bali bearing) A‘, Outside or external diameter (major diameter) [A', = A Aly of the shaft Aly = A~O.2m Ay, Outside or external diameter (major diameter) [es =A A") of the hole AN) = A+ 03m B Inner diameter (minor diameter) of the shaft 8B, Inner diameter (minor diameter) of the shaft in the case of “full or maximum radii" splines D Inner diameter (minor diameter, bore) of the hole O' Cutter pitch circle diameter Base circle diameter dy Chamfer base circle diameter E Base tangent length over K teeth © Circuler basic tooth thickness e' Circular tooth thickness at the cutter piteh circle F Shaft, external inspection measurement aver two pins F, Shaft, external inspection measurement over three pins (N odd) G Hole, internal inspection measurement over two pins G, Hole, internal inspection measurement over three pins, basically, these being angularly equidistant Chamfer radial height to top of shaft teeth > Décembre 1955 NFEZR141 NF E 22-141 Fig. 5 BO AG (PRVVZ < ¢ = 2% Z t2xmiga 10 Décombro 1955 NF E22-101 NF E 22-141 Circular basic tooth thickness = e = e' cosa + d inva, Tangential inspection measurement over K teeth : E = (K - 1) p +e Inspection measurement over pins : a. Shaft + Measurement to the outside of the pins, U being the diameter of a pin and @, being the angie of incidence to the contre of the pin} 0; is determined by the expression : Uie— inv = SE If N is even: If Nis odd: ® eos syt U eos Oy d x Fi “wah cos? Int U b. Hole : Measurement to the inner face of the pins, V being the diameter of the pin and 6, being the angle of incidence to the centre of the pin; @, is determined by the expression : inv go SY If N is even : If N is odd : " Décembre 1955. NF E22-141 NF E 22-141 In both cases ¢ ‘Chamfers and radii 1. Maximum permissible radius to the bottom of the shaft splines (fillet similar te an are of a circle, due to negligible sliding close to the pitch circle). Flat root splines? Ro == ni/4—08 tg a cosa b. Maximum radii splines! py m = 0,528 m Nominal radial height of chamfer : h = 0.1 m Veriation in circular basic tooth thickness in terms of deviation over an addendum correction Addendum correction: mx = = 1462b¢ 2 sing Tolerances on inspection dimensions : 6 £ = 6 € Shaft: If Nis even: aF = © wind, If N is odd = de cos oF tings = ZN te UF = Ting "TN 12 Décombre 1955 NF E22-141, NF E 22-141 b. Hole + If N is even + Ge ah If N is odd : 8 cos oH Gm IN DESIGN AND PRODUCTION Machining the shaft Maximum permissible radius at the tool tip 13 Décombro 1985 NF E22-141 NF E 22-141 1. Flat bottom splines The involute shall be correct at point ¢ located on the bore of the hole, that is, the tool profile shall be straight up to the point which corresponds to ¢ when machining. Figure 7 shows that the maximum radius R is determined by the relationships + R = oc = 0g oq = 0a + aq, od = 0c sina, aq Where : 0,2 m Taina Re = 0,3 m 2. Maximum radii splines For special applications (aircraft manufacture, for example), it may be necessary for two consecutive sides or flanks to be joined by a maximum radius, the cutting tool then being designed to suit. In this case, the single joining radius Ry is determined by the following formulae + od cone Ry =o = cal = ele ea” = Ei maa" big wb eam BD 2 However : D - Dt = (2x = 1.6)m Therefore : a b = 0.8m Where ca? = (+ dota) m 14 Décombre 1955 NF E22-181, NF E 22-141 And + 2/4 — 0,8 tee R= con a m = 0,528 m The addendum corresponding to the tool has a value of : T; = 0,8 m +R, (1 —sin a) 1 = 147 m The minor diameter of the shaft, where the value equals 8 = A - 24 m when the tool eddendum is equal to the module, has a value of : By = A—24m—2(T; —m) - = A— 2,694 m when the tool addendum is T, Chamfers 1. Centring over the flanks or sides When centring over the flanks or sides, it is not necessary to provide chamfers at the tip of the teeth. Fig. 8 The difference between the major diameter of the hole which is never less than A and the major diameter of the shaft with a value of A' = A - 0.2 m, is sufficient to clear the base of the radius (value r) at the bottom of a spline in a broached hole. 13 Décembre 1055. NF E22-141 NF E 22-141 External centring In the case of external centring, it is necessary to provide chamfers at the tip of the shaft teeth and this cannot be obtained if a standard tool is used. A second machining operation using @ grinding wheel or @ form cutter is necessary unless a "full profile" special tool is used. 3. Machining chamfers using a full profile tool The method consists of machining chamfers whose profile is the involite of a circle. The base circles for the tooth flank and the chamfer are concentric. The taol profile is formed from two straight sections, one generating the tooth flank and the other the chamfer. The tooth flank and the chamfer therefore have the same cutter pitch circle and the same circular pitch for the cutter pitch circle. 4. Chamfer pressure angle 8 d and d, are respectively the diameters of the base circles for the two. involutes (tooth flank and chamfer), the pressure angles a and 8 satisfyirig the following expressions + d D dy Dv determined by the following geometrical considerations : 16 Décombee 1955 NFEZD-141 NF E 22-141 If @ chamfer is to be correct, it is necessary for it to be of isosceles form, that is, the curvilinear trigngle Ik having an are fl = arc fk. If it is assumed that the involute arc Ik is similar to the are of a circle (or, without appreciable error, ta the segment of a straight line), it may be seen that the normal fq to the chamfer involute shall be the bisectrix of the angle jfg formed by the tangents fj and fg at the apex f of the curvilinear triangle Ifk. ° Fig. 10 This condition enables the mean angle of incidence w A of the chamfer to be determined in terms of the angle of incidence y A for the tooth flank at its Intersection with the external circle of diameter A. That is : co yAa 4 A — aa Also ates ya and of > 7 Décombre 1955 NFEZZAA4 NF E 22-141 Where a ofa = 2 yA f 2 1 And : ~— gfe = Me BIA afu 2 4 2 Therefore _ n A wh Gen aat des TE +A Ort nyt 4 2 Also d, = A cosw A w A varies with the numberof teeth and this is also applicable to d, and B. The calculation for 6 and 38 teeth, (largest number of teeth considered in this standard), for the module 2.50, gives the following values for ¥ A, w A, d, and Be 1°) con 7A | my | and eywA = ALE musa E+ and os WA N=6 14,095 389 cos yh = 1095 389 _ 0,704 77 Y 20 yA = 45,20 N=38 89,270 799 Ae 9 = 0,892 71 cor 100 yA = 26,8 N=6 wA = 22,60 + 45° = 67,6° cos wA = 0,381 07 N = 38 wA = 13,40 + 45° 58,42 con wA = 0,523 99 18 Dévombre 1955 NF E22-141 NF E 22-141 Nee dy = 20 x 0,381 07 = 7,621 4 N= 38 d, = 100 x 0,523 99 = 52,399 cor p = 28214 _ 9.508 09 5 ! | Ne6 | 4°) con B= Sh B = 59,5 and 8 N= 38 52,399 cor p= 22399 0,551 57 on B= 35 p = 56,5 This calculation shows that the variation in B is very small when N varies. It is therefore possible to adopt a single mean value of 8 = 58° where the deviation relative to the calculated value does not exceed 1.5%. This deviation is negligible given the narrowness of the chamfer. Fig. WV 19 Décombre 1955 NF E22-141 NF E 22-144 If the number of teeth considered exceeds 38, the value B = 58° is still acceptable; in fact, if N is considered to be infinite (rack) : we qs wk > S45 This limit is also the limit for 6 If A= Nm = (2x + 0.4)m then: A yy 2x 0d Na 7! * WN and cos § = Hh Asor wa ok = py Nm ; A When N increases indefinitely Nn —! and ~—> wa im The limit for 8 is therefore that is 55° 5. Addendum correction x4 To obtain a chamfer with @ nominal radial height h = 0.1 m, it is necessary for the two involutes to intersect at 1 on a circle of diameter A - 0.2..m. This means that the curvilinear thickness determined for that circle, using the two series of involutes (tooth flanks and chamfers) are equal. This result is obtained by giving the chamfering tool an addendum correction x, of suitable value. 20 Décembre 1955 NFEQ2A8 NF E 22-144 a. Calculating x, Let e, equal the curvilinear thickness of the tooth for a circle of diameter L = A - 0.2 m and e, equal the curvilinear thickness of the chamfer for the same circle. It is therefore necessary for e At point 1, the intersection of the tooth flank and the chamfer, the angle of incidence for the tooth flank is yL and that for the chamfer is wl. The curvilinear thicknesses for the tooth flank and the chamfer are e! and rt 43 the cutter pitch circle and e and e, at the respective base circles for d and d4- ra Décembre 1955. NF E22-141 NF E 22-141 ‘These dimensions are connected by the expressions : () eg, = 2 cos YL Qe-+ =4 inv we 2 wL Also : ee con e-td inva se (2f + 2+miee) core td inva eye, cos B+ dy inv B= (E +2x,m 8) cos B+ dy inv B On substituting e and e, in expressions (1) and (2), wo have + TM og af 2xmsin a fdinva — dinv YL 2 ae Blea con tn BM coe B+ 2a, main B+ dy inv —dy iav ws. (A) eo = 08 OL, The equal terms @ =e, become t (F cos @ + 2.Xm sin at dinv e— dior. )eot oe 2 inv @L cos YL = (F cos BH 2 xymsin B+ dy inv B— From this expression, the value x, may be extracted + a wat Geni we) Ot [Frese tt asin S ove iota | =a * 1 260 BD cosy, [4 Gav. — ine 8) — con B 22 Décombre 1955. NF E22-141 NF E 22-141 cos @ = 0,939 693 sin @ = 0,342 020 inva = 0,014 904 when = 200) cos B = 0,529 919 and fe 580 OS cin B= 0,848 048, inv B = 0,588 044 z 3 1,570 796 2 sin @ = 0,684 040 eos = 1.476 066 2 sin B = 1,696 096 eos B = 0.832 395 siving giving the numerical expression for x, 1,476 066 -+ 0,684 040x cor OL [ + (0,014 904 —inv 1) n= vec Yh 4 m £1,696 096) BS Gay + con | Gav ©, — 0,588 044) | ™ — 0,832 395 b. Results table Addendum correction x4 for the chamfer theoretical rack giving in terms of the number of teeth, a nominal chamfer h = 0.1 m. PRIMARY - SERIES Addendum correction 23 Deésembre 1955 NFEZ2.161 NF E 22-141 SECONDARY SERIES 0,844 0,848 38 0,853 6. Designing a full profile toot A full profile tool is formed of two sections, one being the tool used for cutting the flanks of the teeth and the other tool is used for chamfering. These two sections are rigidly assembled together. The tool used for cutting has a module m and an addendum correction x. ‘The chamfering tool has the same module m and an addendum correction x, Each pair of values x, x, defines a full profile tool. The values of x are limited in number (one value only for the primary series, three values for the secondary series and two non-standard velues). However, é’different value of x, will correspond to each value for the number of teeth N. In order to limit the number of full profile tools, it is necessary to select, for x41 8 single value chosen so as to provide a chamfer which is acceptable in the majority of cases. The variation in x, is less as N becomes greater. This means that it is possible 24 Décombre 1955 NF E22-141 NF © 22-141 to cut the chamfers using a full profile tool when N exceeds 12 and that separate tools are necessary in other cases. As an Wdication, the following values ere proposed for x4 a. Primary series m is not less than 1.25 2 x, m is loss than 1.25 t xy b. Secondary series Modules 3.75 and 7.50 + x2 08 x, = 0,82 x = 0,633 = 0,67 x = 0,967 4 0,97 Each value of x, corresponds to a different type of tool. Cutter pitch ciccle 25 Décembre 1955 NF E22-161, NF & 22-141 7. Intersection point for profiles 1 Fig. 14 a = 20° 8 d= ea = ab cosa ac = (4 - x)m The triangle abe gives ¢ ae ab tin (B>8) ~ sin ab a A Gi—>) sin B Where + sin (=a) and the result i sit one Ja ty 9) Safes m J= 1.294 (x: —3) m 26 Déicombre 1955. NF E22-141 NF E 22-141 a. Primary series 08 x, = 0.82 0,026 m x 5078 J =—0,026 m* + In this case, the intersection point is between the reference line and the tip of the cutting tool. b. Secondary series = 08 J = 0,026 m x = 0,633 J = 0,048 m x = 0,967 J = 0,004 m Generating rack 1. Low toath profile tool This type of tool is used for machining shefts when centring on the flanks and where there are no chamfers to be provided at the tips of the teeth. Fig. 15 27 Dicembee 1958 NF E22-141 NF E 22-141 2. Full profile tool This type of tool is used for machining shafts in the case of external centring. One single operation cuts the teeth flanks and the chamfers. Both the above types of tool may be designed for machini 1g flat bottom splines (radius R) or for machining maximum radii splines (radius R4)- Note The main overall dimensions for hobs designed in accordance with the above principles are approximately the same as the dimensions for habs used to cut gears, as described in standard & 66-223. 28 NF E 22-141 OVERALL DIMENSIONS OF TOOLS Décombre 1955. NF E2141 Dimensions common to both types Special dimensions — Full profile tool of too! Module [pitch 4/2 pitch Press | Too! addendum | Tip radius Jeo m | Pexm] Pz « T 1 R RI 0,50_j_1,571_|_ 0,785 0,500_|_ 0,573 0.15, 0.264 0,75 | 2,356 | 1,178 0750 | 0860 | 0,22 | 03% 3,00 [73,142 |" 1571 7,000 |—1,147_| 0.30 | 0,528. 1,25 |" 3,927 _|_1,963_| 1,250_| 1,433 | 0,37 |_ 0,66 1,667 | 5,236 |_ 2,618 1,667_|_ 1,911] 0.50 |" 0,88, 2,50_|_7,854 |" 3,927 | 20° | 2.500 |_2.867_| 0,75 | 132 3,75 | 11,781 5,890 3,750 | 4301 112 1,98. 5,00} 15,708 _|__7,854 5,000_|_ 5,735 1,50, 2.64 7,50 | 23,562 | 11,781 7,500 | 8,602 225 3,96 31,416 | 15,708 * Tool I, x = 0.8 - Tool II, x = 0.633 - Tool Ill, x = 0.967 MACHINING THE HOLE The splined hole is broached or machined by means of a gear generating method, using a pinion type shaper cutter. This latter machining method is not so flexible in its application as broaching, but its use is particularly advantageous when the machine hole is designed for centring on the flanks; it is described in documentation sheet © 22-143 (BNA 517). 29 Décembro 1955 NFEZRAA NF E 22-144 Irrespective of the machining method used, the flank and the root of a splined hole are joined by @ radius, the point of contact with the flank being on a circle of diameter L = A - 0.2 m (see Figure 17). Fig. 17 The point of contact of the radius with the root of the spline is a point K such that fl = fk, .the arc fk being considered a segment .of a straight line. Note that the points of contact I and k’ for the radius at the bottom of the hole spline satisfies the same conditions as for the tip chamfers of the shaft (Figure 10). For this reason, the same notation has been used in both cases. YL is the angle of incidence of the involute at its point of intersection with & circle of diameter L and, therefore toe tee) 9 «(F+4) cont Ol m For a given value of the module, the maximum permissible value of r varies in direct ratio with yL. 30. Décombre 1955 NF Ez2-141 NF E 22-141 Calculating _d _ Nm cosa cor eT = A—02m aso A—Nm= (2x04) m therefore A —0,2m = Nm + (2x + 0,2) m N cos « where $091 NE Dat OR therefore from 4. th. and from ss ( giving the value of r in terms of the module. u Décombre 1955 NFE22-181 NF E 22-141 TOLERANCES AND FITS GENERAL Those surfaces which are likely to be mutually in contact when the shaft is assembled in the hole are : a. The tip of the shaft splines and the root of the hole splines, in the case of external centring; b. The flanks of the shaft splines end of the hole, in the case of centring on the flanks or sidess . The root of the shaft splines and the hole bore, in the case of internal centring. The relationship between surfaces which each form pairs, as described above, is determined by the fit. Assembling the shaft and the hole together therefore requires the use of three grades of fit. As internal centring is not considered, the fit between the root of the shaft splines and the hole bore will be such that these surfaces are not in contact under any circumstances. In the case of centring of the flanks, only the flanks of the teeth on the shaft and in the hole may be in contact; the corresponding surfaces for each of the other two fits will not be in contact. In the case of external centring, the tips of the shaft splines and the bottom of the hole splines will be in contact and this also applies to the flanks of the teeth for the shaft and the hole. This dual relationship between the shaft and the hole requires the existence of an appreciable clearance between the flanks of the teeth for the shaft and the hole in order to ensure that the inherent accuracy of en external centring assembly is maintained. Irrespective of the type of centring (external or on the flanks) and the type of fit (sliding or interference), the hole tolerances are always identical. 32 Décombro 1955 NF-EZ2-141 NF OE 22-141 The various fits corresponding to the several types of centring and grades of fit are obtained, in each case, by suitably selecting the shaft tolerances. Fits Depending on the permissible value for the clesrance or interference between two surfaces, four theoretical grades of fit may be distinguished : 1. Clearance fit Conventionally, this describes that class of fit which concerns surfaces where contact is prevented by mechanical constraints which the assembly itself is required to satisfy. 2. Sli 9 fit In this case, the clearance is reduced to a minimum compatible with relative movement between surfaces in contact, parallel to the shaft and hole common axis. 3. Interference fit There is interference between surfaces but parts may be dismantled without damaging the surfaces in contact. 4, Force fit In this case, the degree of interference exceeds that for the preceding fit and any dismantling of parts means that one of the parts is inevitably damaged or destroyed. Selection of centring method, depending on the type of assembly required Centring on the flanks is recommended for all assemblies because of the ease of manufacture involved. However, the type of splines described in this document are also suitable for external centring but selecting the type of centring is not independent of the type of assembly required. If centring on the flanks and external centring are both suitable for use with a sliding fit, it is necessary to use centring on the flanks in the case of an 33 Décembre 1955. NF Ez2-141 NF E 22-141 interference fit or a force fit as the resulting permanent liaison between the shaft and the hole is obviously more accurste. in the case of centring on the flanks than by an interference fit between the top of the shaft splines and the bottom of the corresponding spline space in the hole. Selection of different fits in accordance with the centring method used and the type of assembly required The following table shows the relationship between centring methods, the type of essembly end fits. For brevity, the expression "fit on the major diameter" describes the fit obtained between those sections of a cylindrical surface constituting the tops of the shaft splines and the corresponding surfaces of the hole. Sliding fit_ assembly Centring on the Clearance fit on the major diameter flanks or sides Sliding fit on the flanks or sides Clearance fit on the minor diameter External centring Sliding fit on the major diameter Clearance fit on the flanks or sides Clearance fit on the minor diameter Interference fit assembly Centring on the Clearance fit on the major diameter flanks or sides Interference fit on the flanks or sides Clearance fit on the minor diameter Force fit assembly Centring on the Clearance fit on the major diameter flanks or sides Force fit on the flanks or sides Clearance fit on the minor diameter 34 Décombre 1955. NF Ez2-141 NF OE 22-141 TOLERANCES ON THE MAJOR DIAMETER Na Gee Fig. 18 The splined shafts described in this document have been designed so that, in all cases, they may be used with ball bearings (special tolerances being selected for the bores). For this reason, the following tolerances have been selected for the major diameter of the shaft and the hole. 1. Hole For the hole major diameter, tolerance R7 has been adopted and this is valid for all types of centring, assemblies and fits. 2, Shaft Assuming that tolerance R7 is used for the hole major diameter, "clearance" and "sliding" fits on the major diameter are obtained as follows : a. Clearance fit This grade of fit is only used when centring on the flanks or sides. In this case, the nominal value for the hole major diameter is equal to A (broached hole) or A + 0.3 m (gear cut hole) and the nominal value of the shaft major diameter is A - 0.2 m. It is therefore unnecessary to specify a tolerance value for the shaft major 35 Dévembre 1955. NF E22-141 NF E 22-141 diameter, provided that this tolerance is a minus tolerance. . Sliding fit This grade of fit is only used for external centring. In this case, the tolerance on the shaft major diameter is d7. TOLERANCES ON THE MINOR DIAMETER: As internal centring is not considered, the minor diameters for the shaft and the hole correspond to a clearance fit. The nominal value of the hole bore D = A - 2m and that for the shaft minor diameter B = A - 2.4m have been selected so as to leave a clearance between the bore of the hole and the bottom of the sheft splines. Provided that the tolerances on B and D are in the right direction (plus for D and minus for B), it is not necessary to specify. these. However, in the case of a broached hole, it is recommended that tolerance value H7 is specified for the bore D of the hole. This tolerance ensures that the broach is correctly centred in the hole. TOLERANCES ON THE FLANKS OR SIDES The position of a flank or side of an involute profile spline relative to another flank or side with the same profile is determined by the curvilinear distance between thése two flanks measured over the same base circle. If the two flanks form part of the same spline (shaft) or the same spline space (hole), this curvilinear distance is the circular basic tooth thickness e. If the two flanks form part of different splines or spline spaces, their curvilinear distance measured over the base circle is a linear function of the circular basic tooth thickness e and the circular base pitch ps 36 Décombre 1955 NFE22441 NF E 22-147 In particular, the base tangent length E over K teeth has the value : E=(«-Dpre Also, the base circle curvilinear space width has the value: 1 = p ~ e Relationship between a deviation in the tool depth of cut and the corresponding deviation in the circular basic tooth thickness The depth of cut of the tool is determined by the addendum correction xm. Any variation in the depth of cut may be defined by a deviation 6x in the value of the coefficient x. This variation has no effect on the base pitch but results in @ deviation in the cular basic tooth thickness. 7 Décembre 1955. NFER2A8 NF E 22-161 The following involute formulae + curvilinear thickness at the cutter pitch circle t e= Pt 2amiee circular basic tooth thickness + ee cosatd inva xm = ST coset 2am sina td inva show that 6 e and 6 x are connected by the equation + be Zeina @ = 20° therefore mBx = 1,462 Be This equation enables the permissible variation limits for x to be determined, max = knowing the permissible variation limits for e. Inspection dimensions It is not possible to measure e and p directly. In order to inspect splined shafts and holes with involute sides it is necessary to inepect and verify certain dimensions, these being known as the “inspection dimeneions" and selected so that they can be measured directly. These inspection dimensions are as follows + 1. Base tangent length E over K teeth It has been seen carlier that the value for this dimension is : E=K-Dpre 38 Décombre 1055 NF-EZ2-141 NF E 22-141 2. Inspection dimensions over pins a. Shafts Let U equal the pin diameter. Consider the involute for the base circle passing through the centre of a pin cross-section. Fig. 21 In accordance with the properties of an.involute curve + oe inv Gy oa oc cos by = of wp. Urns 2 2 oa = of = 2 i fp 4) Therefore inv 6, = + d °F = 2 cos 39 Décembre 1955 NFEZ2481 NF E 22-141 Inspection over two pins If N is even If N is odd Fe2octU Inspection over three pins (N is odd) Fy m 2oe cost oy +U 40 Décembro 1955 NFE22161 NF OE 22-141 b. Hole Let V equal the pin diameter. A calculation identical to the preceding shows that + al ; =. = inv 0, ao * wc cos 0, = of >_e-V ‘ob = 2 oa of = 2 —-—Vv Therefore inv Oy Inspection over two pins If N is even If N is odd 4a Déeambre 1955. NF E22-181, NF E 22-141 Inspection over three pins Tolerances on the inspection dimensions 1. Tolerance on the base tangent length E The expression E = (I< - 1) p +e shows that the tolerance on E is the same as the tolerance on @ for the shaft. Relationship between the tolerance values and the type of centring used In the case of a sliding fit on the flanks or sides, the tolerances on the base tangent length E over K teeth, considered over the shaft and over the hole, result in a clearance between the shaft end the hole in the same direction as E is measured. If this clearance exceeds that resulting from the difference between the shaft major diameter and the hole major diameter, an external centring condition will result. Otherwise, there will be centring over the flanks or sides. 2. Tolerances on pin inspection dimensions F and G a. Shaft, Inspection over two pins. The dimension F is determined by the following expressions + a2 NF E 22-147 Tf N is even: ., pt a inv) = PE Fe oy t¥ If N is odd + d = sq tU Fe a, °° 2N * Décombre 1955. NFE22141 Let Se equal the deviation on e The deviation 6F corresponding to F is determined by considering Se as being so small that it may be treated as a differential when making celculations. (The symbol 6 is used to. avoid any confusion with the symbol d which designates the base circle diameter for the flanks of the teeth). If N is even The expression inv = tg 0 — 6 involves 8 (iny 0) = (I +f 4g? 6) 86, — 80, where 8 (jny 6) = tg? Oy BB From the expression : Uspete inv =] is obtained : B (inv 0) = (Assuming that the deviations on U and p are negligible relative to Se). This gives : = ce ty? 8 34 or: be 80, = —Pe_ 1 dtg? 6, a3 Décembre 1955 NF E22-181, NF E 22-141 also + by substituting the value of § 6, in the expression for 5F, the following is obtained : oF = eo be cote Fin If N is odd = A calculation identical to the preceding gives OF = By giving Se the values corresponding to the tolerance limits on e for the shaft, the tolerance limits for F are obtained. Inspection over three pins (N is odd) A similar calculation gives + ee « OF = i cot 3 b. Hole Inspection over two pins The dimension G is determined by the following expressions : If N is even: e-V d 4 03 0, inv (= 4a Dévombee 1055 NF E 22-141 Tf N is odd = a x Ga cy cod, IN TY If N is even: be 1Ge Oe If. N is odd : Be x 1G = a aH The tolerance limits for G are obtained by giving 6e the values corresponding to the tolerance limits on e for the hole. Inspection over three pins Note : In the preceding calculations, it has been assumed that any errors on U and V are negligible es a result of the high degree of precision achieved when producing the pins and also that the errors on p are negligible when compared with the errors on e. In order to take this note into consideration, a sufficiently wide tolerance is selected for e. Numerical values for tolerances on inspection dimensions The numerical values for tolerances on inspection dimensions are calculated from the tolerances adopted for the circular basic tooth thickness e for the shaft and the hole. 4s NF eza-141 Décembre 1955. NF E22-141 NF E 22-141 a, Hole In all cases, a tolerance of H9 is adopted for the circular basic tooth thickness of the hole. b. Shaft The tolerance for the circular basic tooth thickness Ie selected in accordance with the fit required on the flanks or sides. From this, the inspection dimension tolerances are calculated. In order to provide starting points for preliminary design work when considering quantity production, the tolerances on the inspection dimensions have been calculated by taking the following values for the shaft circular basic tooth thickness : Clearance fit © 10 Sliding fit 10 Interference fit js 10 Force fit x 10 The following tables give the results for these calculations. 46 Décembre 1955. NF E22-141 NF OE 22-141 DIMENSIONS OF MODULAR SERIES Fic. 3 ‘The values glven in the zone within the bold tines have been selected to sult mechanical | engineering requirements. 5 The values shown above this zone may be [8 | | 15 130 sofa 16 120 used If It Is requlted to extend the range ae me ‘Those values given below this zone ara Geis i to be avoided where possibe, 3 \ 10 1e values given in the boxes 38. The values given in the box ar S| lndieste the number of teeth. ie Ee wo , ie] 5 Le a_| z 1s—[o | 6 H 0 1 aL Bly 55 2 i]s 50 B i 6 a ( 96 a, (ieee 35 5 0 B_|—e | 8 8 [cl 20 is[-a 8 iz ime oe a5 (cz i iz ia es 10 16 7 [— s ua é # 12 Sj i 0 € a 5 a 1 t as | 075 | x00 | a5 | tee | 20 [395 | soo | 700 | toon MODULE m= ‘+ This series of modules m comprises ies. to be used for preferene: Jn submultiples of 10 (bold print) 2 A secondary seties using « submultiple of 7.5 and only to be used as a second ‘option (standard print). a7 Décembre 1955 NFE22-181 NF E 22-147 [NOMINAL DIMENSIONS. BROACHED HOLE, ootg oer ake tema erty « ¥ GZ Ye Cesta ov tata R euiny « leven jeent nile yone ° z TC BBEBSRRRRESisSRissEbKE LT | 5, isleleey | t= RESEEESE! f BaRbEebRbED == ekiteeeeseislsiislslele| 5 30 = LUT T1 isisialalsh peo elt lela TOT BBRSFIEIslI BREEEE whsisisisiek leistelalaelela| er [110 139.) | [122.5124 | 120 | |-aga ||| 35 19532526 [130 | as {| 173} 78 | 10 External contig seepivos |-360.|_| 30/150" . ec a a A special heb for the shaft igo ||) 134) 170 | j-t90 |__|} |__ 136 | 180 f Apc ot, po at ha ee Hef Bh] joy} ee Beto nes wt wn fle wth hte ie an fase) Soe sonia dance "Ae aoe res 8 Pa} . aoe Ax Nem | 249 | ||} |__| ep ead a 359 250 (24) 3a EI a 48 Décombro 1955. NF EZ2-141 NF E 22-141 CHAMFERS, FILLETS AND RADIL Centring over tanks GEAR CUT HOLE Centring over ‘lanes SHAFT HOLE broached hote R= 0,3 m (flat bottomed splines) ., 2 AY, = Algoar cut hole for Ry = 0.528 m (maximum radll splines) Aim K-02 (eontting over fianks) fea cnt ha Om i ye m | goar cut foie tor ALF | (oxtomal centsing) RAE OS me a 49 Décembre 1955 NF E2461 NF E 22-141 The values of radius r at the bottom of a hole spline have been calculated by using the above data for the single case where the hole major diameter has the value A. The conditions h=O.1m and At, = A- 0.2m | give identical values AeA for r In the calculation references, the values for R, Ry, h and r corresponding to a reference module 1, are given. The values of these same dimensions, for modules exceeding 1, have been calculated from these. * When the module is less than 1, the calculation will result in values for h and r which are too small. Therefore, for parts with a module less than 1, the values for h and r obtained for m = 1 have been used. This has no effect on ather dimensions in the case of external centring, but in the case of centring on the flanks or sides, a dimension A - 0.2 is taken for the shaft external diameter instead of A - 0.2 m. 50 Décambre 1055. NF-EZ2-141 NF E 22-141 DESIGN AND MANUFACTURING DIMENSIONS 324 a7 O76. soesee selene gl 2 | pees al ee d = a ste ek Eiaelasa eisllaialalatals|s|a sak Fie MODULES 0.50 70 1.25 51 Décembre 1955 NF E22.161 ‘0371 314 0385 0358. on 0336, 10 ass sneaes [20510 [25510 355510. 9510 45,510. 010 5510 beac ag 2] et Lae Aer ogo (730510| 0.1 tomo [33368] ease seo [Fete] oss 0500 1s NF E 22-141 ee 355 165 er 876. 3 oe 5854 9583 a Bs a8 |e | 3.2 | 074 530 7, 8 ae MODULES 1.667 TO 3.25 ESIGN AND MANUFACTURING DIMENSIONS fee Sse] ssa So alalals) Rss 096 Tee? |7618| ~ge52 95,144 [8530_| 9.0 Tos.715-| 8.074 13355 153506 1 8074 74001 91,620, 28 35 6.25 |i, 088 | “0530 | 9,220

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