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je cTano, CT~CC (Hnp. i-ieycnex j~o ico
jer je ,IXomJiO cTHI4al-beM OKOJIHOCTH
Icoje HHC~ fl0~ HamoM KOHTpOJIOM, OT
xa3 Ha nocny, CM~T 6JIHCKC oco6e),
H~3’~OTWIH0CT (Hnp. TpajHa 3aoKyn-
JECHOCT cTpaxoM H 3e61-bOM, ocehau,e
11OT113’HC GednoMohnocn!, ~MCCT0 pe
aJIHe, CTBapaH,e ~flea3IH3oBaHe 01111cC
o ceGH, HeKpHTH’IHO II~HJIHCHB~FbC
ce6x-i cBOj c~ana Icoja HC noce~yj eMo)
—
11~HMC~H 03’ pa3JIH’IHTHX JICFIXHMICHX
CBe ncHxH~1ce nojaBe KOJC ce 0,flBH-
jajy y jC~H0j oco6u 1IOBC3~HC C)’ y
je)fllHcTBeHy I4CIIHHY Kojy Ha3HBa-
MO J7PIMHOCT. J4nui, 1ICHXOJIOIHKHX
HcTpaacHBaaaje, Ma KOIIHKO oHa Giina
dneuHjaurnsoBaua, TeopHjcKH HuH
npaic~wiuo yoMepeHa, ,i~a ~ajy ~onp~
HOC ~~3YMCB~1EY JTHVHOCTH OnpaB
ji~auo je pehn .i~a je npoy~aBaI-be
J1H’XHOCTN ruanun UHJI’ NCI-IXOJIOWKC
Hayce.
~a 3aIciby’mMo. HCHXWIKH )KHBOT,
~aKuie, ‘IHHC caaHajHe, CM014H0H~J1HC
u MoTHBagnoue nojaBe Icoje cc janma
jy y BH~)’ IICHXH’IKHX fl~0T4~C~, LIeU
XWHCHX Oco6HHa H nCHXH’!KHX cTaaa.
Ka~ja ncnxonor~jy Z~e43HHHmCMo icao
CHCTCM~TCK0 nsy~a~a~e ndnXrnlxor
)KHB0T~ JbY2XH (H )KHB0TI-Jma), MHCJIH
MO Ha ~ H U~JJ0BHTO Hay’lHo
npoy~aBaHe HaBe)~eHHX HCHXH’IICHX
nojana.
HCFIXOJIOT’HJA JE CHCTEM
HAY~H14X )JHCgIfflJWHA
Teopujeirn H HpaICJEH’IHH 33$aIçI
OCHOUHH 3aJIaTax enaxe uayxe je ga
CT~JIH0 yHanpetyje JL31~CKO caanai~e
o nojanaMa xoje cy UP~AMCT ite~or
npoy’lanama. OTyga je OCHOBHH aaga
Tax ncHxojlorHje ~a 0HCT~M~TCKH
npo~y6myje H npoulHpyje llama caa
llama o OHOM ~eiiy CTB~~H0CTH KOJH
H~3HB~MO HCHXH’JEHM )KHBOTOM. Yjjo
ra THX SHaH,a je Anojaxa. OHa HaM
oMoryhyjy ga cxnamMo H oGjacHnMo
ncHxHqxe Hojane, jia YTBPAHMO H
4~OpMyJIHEI1eMO 3aK0HHT0GTH Koje
BJIagajy y HCHXH’AJCOM )xHnoTy. Y TOMB
Ce orjiega TCopuljcIcff 3Ha’raj 1ICHXO-
flOWKHX HcTpaxdllnama. HcHxosiomxa
caallama HMajy BeoMa IlJHpOKy npH
MCHJbHBOCT 3’ CBHM O6JIaCTHMa Jbyg
e~e gesiaTHocTn, Hflp. 3’ OpraHH3O-
BaH3y ~a3LHMHTHX BHgOBa y~eH~a, 3’
HpOH3BO.gHOM pa~xy, 3’ exoHoMcxoj H
IIOJJHTH’IKOJ nponaraugll, 3’ noMara
my my~n~a ga npena3Hby Teuixohe ca
ICOJHM cy cyoMeHH, y ne~emy Nd
XHMIC’4X o6oneu,a, oTxilamaH,y nope
Mehaja noj-iamama, y 3~~~BCTB~HOM
npocBehHBaH~y... HcTpazunama xoja
npme IJCHXOJIO3H ‘WcTo 03’ yc~epe~a
na pemanalbe ~~3JIHMHTHX npo6neMa
XOjH Hcxpcanajy 3’ .JIH’IHOM H sajeg
UHUXOM )KHBOT~ JbygH. Y TOMe ce
orilega HpILKTII’IHH 3Ha’raj pasnoj a
HCHXOJIOfflK~ Hayxe.
10
Dianne rpaue ncnxoaonqe
Kaga ce gaHac FOBO~H o flcHxojxorll
jH, MHCJIH ce Ha CI-ICTeM TeopIjcKnxI-I
17~HMCIbØHI1X IICPIXOJJOJJJKIIX ,UHCIJII
Hill-isa.
UeHTPaJTHO Mecro Meby HCHXO
1101111dM gHc1~HnJrnHaMa aayaHMa
011111T8 IIJIJI resepa.rrna ncllxoiionlja.
Y Ha’Je11y, oHa ce 6ann CBHM nojanaMa
Koje ce janmajy y IICHXHqICOM )KHBOT3’
ogpacjior HO~M~J1HOF ‘ionexa. Dianne
o6JlaoTH onm~e ncHxojior~je cy
H3y’lanaae ona)IcaHa, y~ema, naMhe
ma, sa6opanil,aH,a, MH11IJECH,a, eM0UH-
ja H Momma. 113 onmTe HCHXOJJOflIje
cy ce H3gmojHjie gne noce6ne, ~a pa
ay~ename NOHXH’KHX nojana neoMa
aHaMajHe, gHc~HflJiHHe: 4HamoJIomxa
HdHxoJIOrHja H 11CHXOJIOPHja JIH’1H0-
0TH. Q314314011011118 JlCIlXOJlofllja flpoy
‘jana opra~cxe ‘IHHHoJ~e ca3HajHHx,
~MOUHOH~JiHHX H MOTHBaUHOHHX no
jana. OHa je TCOHO noBe3aHa ca Gb
.IIOII1KHM H MegmuHHcxHM HayxaMa.
llcsixoaonija JIPFIHOCTI-I ce 6aBH ue
JIHHOM NOHXH’JKOF )KHBOTa ‘jonexa.
Oma npoy~ana xaxo ce ~~3JiH~HT~
flCHXH’lxe nojane noBe3yjy 3’ cJioAceHe
H 4~yxgHOHaJIHO jegHHcrneHe cxsio
none mm 0TPYKTY~d Ha OCHOB)’ KOjHX
FOBO~HMO Hnp. 0 UPT~M~ JJHqH00TH H
oGpaouHMa nonamama, 0 mnoBuMa
TeMnepaMeHTa, xapaicrepa H JIH’IHO
0TH. OnmTa nduxomiormja, d~H3Ho-
miomica ncmconorHja H ndl-JXOJiorHja
JJH~H0CTH 03’ npeTezno TeopHjcxe
JXHOUHNJLHHe. FLHX0B OCHOBHH saga-
Tax je ga yTmphyjy i-wma H npogy6my-
jy nocTojeha casnama 0 EICHXH’IKHM
nojaBaMa. MHora og mx casnama, no
cpegcTnoM gpyri-ix N0HxoJIOmKHx gm
c~Hh1JIHHa ~a~rase H OBojy EIP~KTH~H3’
npnMeny.
PaaBojHa H cowijaJina nOHXOJiorH
ja aHa~a~Ho npomHpyjy noLlpy’Ije
IICHXOJIOIJIxHX Hcrpa)ICHBaH,a. Paasoj
ycneuinoc~ y’iema, nooeGHO ce 65BH
ga nvuxoJIOflhj8 HM~ gne rmiamme opm
jellTaumje. Ona npoy9ama pa3BOj 11011- NOHXOSIOLUKHM npO6JleMHMa KOjH ce
jammajy y npoi~eoy o6pasomama H Ba
xwIxOr ,ldHBOTa )KHBHX Gmha y TOld)’
~~~oBe enoJiyLlHje 14 pa3noj flCH
dllmTama.
HojeguHe o6miacnt ncHxomiorHje
xwncor ,lcHmoTa icog qonexa og poljema
6ame ce npo6neMHMa sgpamc~neiior
go HajnosnHje OTapOOTH. Cowija.rnia
HCHXOJIOFHJ2 00 GaBH npoy~aBaTheM paga. HclxorraTo.riolwja je H NCHXO
.JIOUjK~ H MegHL~HHcxa g~ouanjinna
noHaLuaH’a H gOACHBThaBaI6a nojegl4-
Koja npoy’iama nacTanax (emomlorH
naua 3’ couHjaifl{HM OHTyaUHJUMa.
Ona HoTpa)Kyie 3’THU~J couHJarIHIIX
jy) H acnojsaname (oHMnToMaTonorn
jy) nopeMehaja nOHXWIKOF )xHmoTa.
tiHHHJlaua Ha noJegHHe flCHXH’HdC no-
KJIHHWIKa HcIlxOJrOr’I-Ija ce Gann gu
jane (Hnp. Ha ona)Kame, naMheme, jarHoCTHlcOBaHeM H J1OM~Th~M nOH
0MOUHjO, noTpe6e) H pa3moJ JIHHFIO
xHMKHX nopeMehaja. MCHTaJIHa xnn-I
0TH y U0JII4HH. 3na’iajno nogpy’ije 00- jesa npegorans~a nprn~ieny 1ICHXO-
flHjaJIne nCHXOJIorHje je npoy~anai~e .rIomJcHx casHama y SaIIITHTH H yna
pa3JTH’IHTHX 06JIHKa HHTepaKIulje npe1~emy MenTajinor sgpanJba. Ona
Melly 0006aMa Kao ‘i~ianomnMa pa ce nooe6no Gann ~~3HHM npo~a~a no
3JIH’IHTHX gpymTmenHx rpyna, opra TOHUHj amino KOH4)JIHKTHHX dnTyalwja
nHsaT.u4ja, sajegnnLja HJIH cKynHHa.
y npogeoy pan, maonHTaHa, nopo
Ona HcTpa)Icyje yTHLiaj ncilxHqKHx gH’rnor H gpymTmeHor )IcHBoTa.
npoueca na gpymTBeHo nonamame 3na~ajno MOCTO HMajy H o~iegeJia nu
qomexa. 3a paamojny H coIJmjanHy Tama: (a) xaxne ndHxHqIce npoMel-le
nOHXOJIOFHjy ce Mo)xe pehH ga cy nog H3a3HBa caMa GomIecT a xaxme npoMe
jegnaKo yoMepel-le Ha peuiamame Teo He msasnma oasname naumjenTa 0
pHjCKHX H rIpaKTH4HHX iIpO6JIeMa. fl~H~O~H Gonecm, (6) xaxo nOHXH’IKe
Y capagmu ca gpyr~~ nayxa~a npo~ene 3’THHY na HacTanax H Told Go
ncHxoJlorbja je namjia cnojy npnrde JItOTH H OgHOC naubienTa npe~a
H)’ y Pa3HHM O6JIaCTHMa gpymTmeHor mie~emy H n) xoje cy 0006enooTm oIj
,IcHnoTa, icao IflTO cy imp. npoHsBog noca HaMfly MegHUHHOKHX c’rpy~ma
ma, o6pasoname, 3gpancTmo, n0JIHTH- xa H naumjenaTa H xaxo ce Taj ognoc
ica, exonoMoxa nporlaranga, TO gHHaMH’JKH ~ema H pasmHja.
IIOCTOjH BCJIHKII 6poj npHMemeHHx
H3MObY nojegnnnx 1IpHMOmOHHX
nOHXOJIOmKHX ThHOUHNJIHHa.
o6nacTH NOOTOjH mehn HuH M~ThH OTO
Hciixononija paija npoy’iana og nei-i npexiranama TeMamice xOjoM ce
HOC HSMfly nOjeylHHHX nomxnqicmx 6ane. OHe cy no npanway HnTepgH
nojana (nnp. onoco6noo’rn, M0THB~ H oijmnumnapnor KapaxTepa. Ha npm
oTanona) H .LIH’JHOCTH 3’ ijemmnm, C jeg Mep, MenTamula xarbjena ce y noj
He, H pagniix 3agaTaIca H yc.riona paga, MOBHOM, TOOpHjCKOM 1-i MeT0J~0-
O gpyre cTpane. BaBH ce naTamliMa .xIoulxoM noruxegy oc.nama no ca~o Ha
np0d~eoHoHaJme opnjeHTaunje, ce HH3 ncHxonomKHx gHOgHNMHHa (imp.
nexLuje n o6yxe, yTBp1~jyje nOHXO i-ia nCI4XOJIOrHjY Jfl-flHOCTH, ooubjami
siomxe qHHHoue npogyKTHmH0CTH fly ncmxoiiorfljy, ncHxonaTouIorujy)
paga. HeizaroLuKa rlcHxoirornja je nero H na ocnonne Megmw-IHcxe gH
jegna oji naJcTapHjmX npbMemenHx cunnnHne (iirip. na naToJrorHjy, erIH
ncHxomIOmKgX gHcL~Hns1HHa. Ona geMHomlon4jy, HeypoJlOrHjy, ncaxnj a
npoy’iana ytjiome og icojnx 3aml4OH TpHjY, 4rnpMaKoJiorHjy H cii.),
11
 • Hope.riy HCHXOJIOJIIKHX RHCI(HILUH
Ha H8 Teopnjcxe H ffpwsemeHe Tpe5a
CXB3THTH no ycno~~y. H3MCfly pny
MenaTha Hof894 ympflHBama 33JCOHH-
TaCT;! R~OjC 5’ ILHM8 BJIuaJy H
I7~8XTHYHHX aIuwja KOJHM je IJHJb pa
y~aiipepe KB&JIHTCT HHPHBHPy&JJHOF
H COIJHJ9JIHOP ~WHBoTa JLYPH HOCTOjH
TCCH~ IIoBe3auoCT. HHBO TCOpHJCKOF
~83~MCR8Jb8 H IIp8ICTHE!He CØHICaCH0-
Cr11 Ce yaajaMHo ycjroaJLaBajy.
Oiwoc ncnxoaornje i~ jipyrnx nayxa
Y npoy~a~amy nCHXWIKHX nojaBa
ndllxonorllja ce ocnama Ha ca~~ama
j~o iojnx cy gomne )ipyre npnpo~ne H
~pymme~e HayKe. Hajreuime je no
ne3aHa ca Heypod~H3HoJIorHjoM, Hey
pOJIOFHJOM H GHOXCMHJOM. OZi TC
capaI~me 3aBHdH ~anpe~ax y pasyMe
B~Th3’ O~F~HCKHX ocuona ncnxnqxor
)KHnoTa. ilcuxonoraja X0~HCTH pe
3~JTF~TC xyn~yp~e aHTpononornje,
colwonorHje H 1~pyrHx nayxa a
~pynimy. YnopflHnameM o6pa3aI~a
no~awama ThY~EH y ~~331H~HTHM xyn
~ypa~a Hill! ~~33IH~HTHM )zpymTne
HHM CLIT0jCBHMa J~o.na3HMo no ca3Ha-
ma He C~M0 0 TOMC KOjH OGJIHUH no
~amama C)’ )‘HHBC~3~JIHH a lCOjH C)’
CneuH4rnqHH aa noje1~HHe xyirrype
Him npymTBeHe rpyne nero H ~O on
F0B0~~ Ha nnTame xax~a je yjiora no
je~HHHX flpymTBeHHix ~ax~opa (Hnp.
ua’imja nponsBojw,e, MaTepHjanHor
GoraTcma,. W~)WIIH0H~JIH0F cHcTeMa
B~~,~H0CTh H HOpMH, THna nopo~Ht~e,
oGyxBanrocTH H U~0X0~H0CTH 1111(031-
cxor CHCTCMa H ciii) y pa3Bojy imqHo
CT!! oco6e H UP0IZCCY me~or yusy
‘mnama y X(HBOT 3aje~1Hrnze Kojoj
npnnan
C ~pyre crpaHe, MHOFC ~ayxe xo
~HCTC caa~ama ~o 1coJHX je nbmiia
ncuxoaiornja. Ha npHMep, sa ne~aro
rHjy 3Ha’IaJHH C)’ HailasH 0 pa3BOjy
12
JIHqH0CTI-1, 110Ce6H0 0 UpHpo,gH fipo
ueca y’Iema; 3a exoHoMHjy nazi-ia cy
ca~~ama a MOTHBHMa zoju yTmiy Ha
pajuio, HPOH3BOThHO H noTpomaqKo
noHamame; 1I~&BHC ~ayxe y3HMajy y
oGanp nrnpeGe H cn000GHooTif my~ju
0.I~ KOjHX≤3aBHCH yna)xaBaH,c 11~~BHHX
H0pMH; ncHxujarpnja cc ocnama Ha
casHama y o6ixacui ncnxo~~jar~o
CTHKC H flCHxoTepanHje.
YHawny, CRC IJITO je BUrRO 38 pa
3~MCR8FbC JL5’PH H ThHXORFLT p83110-
B~CHHK 81C1’HBHOCTE Maze 611TH
lip CJZMCT HCHXOJIOIWCHX HCTp8zHRR-
ma 3ara je IICHXOJIOFIIj8 .BeaMa 38W!-
repeco~aua 38 pe~yirrare ppynsx
uayn. OCHM TOfli, BECOK cre.rreis cue
L(HjaJJH3auHje 5’ RCPIHHH C8BPCMCHHX
H85’1C4. 118117 JICHXOJIOFHJII HOZCTH”Ie
wCTpazHBave 118 THUGS!! ~84 jep KM
OH oMoryhyje zHTeppHCgrnrJIHHap
an- HIT;! MyJITwprcxlHIrnHHapHH sip;!
cTy.u y npoy’ianamy VOBCK4 7CJ!0B8 H
Mo.ryhHocrH L&CPQROP p8330j4 TheTa
ROT HHPHBHPJ’RJIHOr H COIJIJjaJIH0F
nonamama
METO,11E H TEXHHKE
HCBXOJIOHIKHX
HCTPAMCHBAThA
Kao H OCTaJIe Hayrce, ndHxoiIorHja cc
Gaul! yThplflIuameM, anaimr~~pame~
H TyMa’xemeM noga~axa KOjH cc O~Ho
Ce H~ npej~~e~ aeHor npoy’ianama.
flpe~MeT jewie i-ia~e oj~pflyje, naj
ripe, H~H~O)~ 110P8T81C8 Ha KOjHM OHa
TCMeLTbH CBOjC aHaimac H saxmyznce, a
3aTHM, KaPaKTCp MCTOp8 K TCXJI’HK8
nyre~ Kojux ytliptYje H aHaizasilpa
TC no~ane.
Hcnxinxe nojane cna~ajy H y cne~r
11~H~OJ~HHX H y cBeT IZPYIJJTBCHHX 110-
jaBa. H,Hxona noccGHocT je y TOMC
IIITO nope~ 0~F~HCKHX aEnIBHOCTH
(Hnp. ~~3HHX 4~H3H03IOUfl(HX npoMe
Ha y opraHHaMy) H cnoma sHgi~Hnor
noHaiuama (imp. y ~Hja~HoJ, rpyn~oj
H MacoBHoj cHTyaUMJH; Ha pauy H y
CJIOGOgHOM upeMeHy; y IIPHB~TH0M H
jaBiloM flpOCTOpy), oGyXBaTajy H ne
nocpeyflio 3IH’IHO HCICyCTBO Thy~gH, [U!
xoBe yfly’rpamme, cy6jexmBHe j~o
,lcHaJbaje (Hup. xaico BH)~C CB~T 01(0 Ce-
Ge, urra ocehajy npe~a 000GaMa c xo
jHM cBaxwweuHo cao6pahajy; Ha 111Th
cy yeMepeHe mHxOBe )I(eJbe, KaKBH cy
H?.! nJIaHOBH aa Gimzy HiiH gamy 6y-
JIyhHocT).
L~BB OCHOBHE BPCTE HOJIATAKA
o 1ICHXOJIOIIIKHM 1IOJABAMA
flo~ja~H lcojH Ce o~woce i-ia 4rn3Ho-
nomxa 3GuBama y O~~~HH3M~ H cno
ma BHJ~JbHB0 floHauiaH,e ocoGe
~a~Hnajy ce o6jenHaHn nogaull.
OHM ce Mory YTBP)WTH HeflOCPeJU-IHM
noc~a~pame~ HsrJlefl, peaxunja H
nocrynaxa ocoGa Hill! nocpe.InmM no
CM~T~~IECM noMohy ~~3I1WIHTHX aria
pa~a Hiffi TeXHH’ncHX ype~aja (no
unt cy Hnp. nnemcMorpa43, eHue4rn-
siorpa4, ~~3HH ypflajH sa GHoxeMHj
CXC ~H~J1H3~ H cii.). HcTpazHBaqH
IcOjH cMaTpajy ~a je aa ric~xonomxy
Hayxy 3Ha’iajHa C~M0 Ta upc~a nona
mica, a ncHxo.nonijn ronope no off
jeflJlRHCTwncoj HJ!H 6I1XCRHO1OHCTH-
~lKoj Haygi-i. 3a mi-tx je ncnxonornja
nayn a nonazuamy Jb5’pH (H .WHB0TH-
ma).
flcnxonorHj a np~xynma H UO.ZIaTKe
o JIH’IHOM .UozHBJbaBamy ocoGa, a
CaJ~pzajHMa aHxouHx caaHajHHx,
CM0flHOHaJTHHx H MOTHBagHOHHX 1(0-
)1(HuJbaj a. To cy G75jCICTI4BHH nopawi
113TH nogai(a 0 HcxycTuy. OHH cy y TOM
GuaM J(OzHBJI,ajHOM BH)1y npHCTy
na’IHH caMo OcO6H xoja mc Henocpej(
Ho 1(ozHBmaua (cyGjerry). HyreM
caMonocMaTpama ocoGa xoj~ ceGe aa
naza jaumame H o,1(nujame pa-
33THUHTHX caaHajHHx, eMol(uoHanHHx
H MOTHBaL(HOHHX nojana. McTpaxrn
na’i o T1Thf nojanaMa casuaje 113 Ha
nemraja nim caMoonilca Koje noGaje
on oCo6e. McTpaxrnna’rn xojH ocrajy
nperexci-io Ha Toj upcrH nonaraxa ro
nope o HHTpOCJICKTHEH0j 113TH (heRo
MCHOROWJ(ojflCHXofloJ’Hjpg.
TOKOM HCropHje UCHXOJIOPHJC &-
no je HPOMC!r!a y Efirepecaliamy 3a
cyGjeIcrHoHe (nurepocllenHBHe) H
O6JCI<-THRHC (ffuxeBwopHcTw!Ke) ITO
413 rIce. ,L(mac nebmia ilCuxonora
ynaxcaBa offe .opcre noizaTaicg iuro HM
oMoryhana pa liOTnyHHje carne,aajy
OJIOXCeHOCT IICHXWIKHX IlOjasa Thpa
35’ ,,1TOHRIU3H,C” paje ce IUH~C 3118-
WILe, Te ce OIWOCH Ha yHyTpaWTha
OpFEHCK3 11 HCICYCTRCH8 36HB8FLa H Ha
CIX0ib8 BHJ(JLHB7 3KTII.BIrIOCT JCPHHJCC.
HCTPA)KHBAThA Y HPHPO,E{,HHM
H Y JTAEOPATOPMJCKJ4p~{
YC.IIOBHMA
UenoBHTo n~y~auame IICHXH’JKHX 110-
jana aaxTena xoM6HHoname HCTpaEH
nama y EpilpOnnuM H naffoparopøj
CICHM 7GJXOBHMS. Ha npnMep, ceHaop
HH, MOT0~HH H HHTCJICKTY~3IHH pa3-
BOj, y’ieme ronopa, cmI(ame ~~3HHX
nparrnq~nx Belunma xao mm cy nii
came H ‘{HTame, ycuajame MO~~JIHHX
HOpMH,KyirrypoM 01(pebeHux oGpaaa
ua noHaulama jjeqaxa H neBoj~H1(a,
Mymxapaua H Eena, 4~0pMHpame
C11~CMHOCTH aa H360p noanna, ~a
onpej(emnname HaMfly pa3JIH’IHTHX
nonHTHqxHX H BP~JLHOCHHX opHjeH
Taunja H cii., ~ory ce npoy’JauaTH ca
MO y UPHPO)WHM ycnonn~a. Hex!!
37)XH acnerrn TI-tX nojana ~ory ce
~ayqanar~ y xoaTpoliHcaHnM, jia6o-
paTopujcxHM ~CJIOBHM~ xopHmhe
TheM pa3JIH’IHTHX CXC[iC~MMCHT~3IHHX
nocrynaxa. Ha npii~ep, j~a .iui nez6a-
13
ae ~TH~C Ha 6p3HHy M0T0~HOP pa3-
noj a, jja JIHj ej egaM HJIH 1~PYFH Ha~HH
y~e~~a ycnenrnHjH y 4opMHpaI-Ly HO
BHX JIOj Mona, jja JIH je y ycBajakby MO
~~JIHHX HO~MH noxEajIa ecj)HICaCHHJH
UQI~CTHUaJ Oj~ noicyy~e, y~a JIM ~IOTIIYH~
a o6jerrnnz-ia o6aneuiTeHocT ‘114MM
myr~e OTHOpJ-1HM Ha nponaran~y H
~ipyre BH~1OBe CoLjHjaJIHe Marninyna
~Hje, ~a .JIH je aac~pamn~aite Go
neuihy e4nixacHo CP~~CTRO 3J~pan-
CTBCHO~ npoCBehHBaJba JbYIW H CJI.
Y flpHpQUHHM ~GJI0BHM~ ~ory CC
KOpHCTHTH CKC17C~HM~HT2JII1C H HeCK
cnepnMeHTaJIHe Merone, J~OK Ce y na
GopaTopHjH )‘FJIaBHOM opraHn3yjy
pa3JiH’IHTC B~CTC CKCnCpHMeHTaJIHHX
acTpaKHnawa. EKenepilMeuTailMa NC
Tpa>KHBama ce pasJiHKyjy og Heelcene
pHMeHTaJIHHX 3’ CTCFICH3’ ICOHT~OJ1C
KOjy HCT~~XCHB~M JIMa Hag ~CJIOBHM~
KOjH 3’TH~y Ha npoy~a~a~y nojany.
Axo HCT~~)KHB~M MO)KC no CBOM H360-
py )(a cHcTeMaTcKH ~eita jegaH H.IIH
BHLUC 3’CJIOB~ H j~a TIPCILH3HO npara
C~~KTC THX H~MC~HHX npoMeHa, oHJ~a
Ce FOBOpH 0 CKCflC~HMCHT~J1HOM Me
T0J13’ HJIH 0 eKcnepHMeHTy. Yxonrnco
HRMC~HO H KOHT~OJIHC~HO MCH,ame
ycjixona HHJC Moryhe, ncTpa,KHBa’i je
npHI.y1~leH ga nojany npoy~ana y
OHHM 3’GJIOBHM~ H OHHM BH~oBHMa y
KOJHM ce oHa npHpOJ~Ho NdnomaBa.
Y TaICBHM cJIy~ajeBnMa ce FOBO~H 0
HeeKCIICpHMeHTaJiHOM MeTOgy HJIH
HCT~~)KHB~ThY 3’ IIj3HjJOJjHHM 3’CJIO-
BHMa.
CBe B~CTC ucrpaxcu~aaa TCJKC ZUTO
IIOTHJ’HHj of KOHT~OJIM H&~ ~CJIOBHMa
Ofi KOflix 3arnlcHfaBJz,aae H o)~BHjaae
irpoy~a~aue nofaBe. HafBehli creiieu
KOHT~OJIC ce MWKC IIOCTH12H y saGopa
TOpHfC1CHM CKCIICpHMCHTHM3.
tIc TpaxcuBa’IH ~ecro Hacrof e ,aa He
JJOJ3CMCTC HPHPOJIHH TOK faBJbama 11
o.UBRfaaa iipoyrianane nofaBe. Behu
14
cTeHeH IIPHPOAWOCTM flOCTHXCe ce 5’
HCCXcIICpIIMeHT3JIHJ-IM Hcrpa?Kl-xBa
mHMa Kof a ce OpFaHH3yfy y fiplipoli
HI-fM yCJTOBHM8.
TEXHIIKE 3A UPI{KYHJEAHE
11044.TAKA
Ra GH ,z~om.na j~o flOy3,~aHHX no~~a~axa
o ~~3HHM aCneKTnMa TICHXH’IKHX HO
jaua, ncHxojiorllja KO~HCTH BeJIHKH
Gpoj TCXHHK~ Will noc~ynaica aa HO
CMaTpaite, pernc~po~a~~e H ~epeme
nojaua xoje cy fl~C1~M~T kbeHHX
HcTpa)KHBaI-Ea.
IIOCMATPAThE je 3’ OCHOBH ella
KOF perllCTpollaHa H~~~HHX no~jaTa
ica. HayHHo noc~a~paite je yea
BpLueHH o6ni’iic noc~a~pama Ha lCOJ~
Ce OCJIaH,aMO H 3’ CB~KOJ~HCBHOM
)IdHBoTy. Y HCHXO.UOFHjH ce pasJllncyjy
)~B~ OCH0BH~ B~CTC noc~a~pama —
enomamme nocMaTpaH,e (o6jeKTHBao
noeMaTpame, eKCTpOCHeKWIja) H ~H3’-
‘rpawme noc~a~pame (caMonoeMa
TpaHe, HHTpocneIcuHj a).
CTIOJLAHJThETIOCMATPAF-LE,tiejrn ye Ha
Line JIO21BpCTC. Jenna ye 06H’IHO ua~ana cno
6o.zzno nocMawame, jep iiay’inax noeMalpame
aano~nme ca caMo meJrnMwmo paspaIJeHHM
n.uaHoM. CnpeMaH je na perncTpyje cirn 36HBa-
ma icoja ce nojane y rOKy noc~a~pama ,Llpyra
BpCTa Ce o3Ha’lana no C7PYK1YPHC~HO nocMa
ipame, jep je yHanpeLl oLipelieHo Ha KOJa a6nna-
ma rpe6a OGpaTHTH na~icmy H xaico MX weGa
per HCT~ onam.
IIIITPOCI1EKIjHJA (LiocLionHo: rne~ame
yHyrpa) JCCTC nocTynaic OnHcnnama nJIacTH
TJ{X mo)KHBmaja. ~o)KHB.fl,ajH CC M017 OHHCH
B~TH y BpeMe 210K CC olinujajy HuH HaKHaflno
Ha oCHoBy cehama. 3a ncnxouornjy HHTp0-
cnexuHja je ne3aMemHn, auth ‘lecTo HenoTnyH
H HCTIOy3JIaII H3nop nonaTaKa. He3a?.IenmH-
IIOCT CC orue~a 3’ TOMe ifiTO Gea rnrrpocnexnHje
no GHCMO MOFJIH JlOhH 210 HOLiaTaKa a ToMe xa
KO JbYAH niiiie CBCT OKO ce6e, CBOj noJIO,Kaj y
CBCTy, mm ocehajy, MHc.TIe, o”ieKyjy H Cii. NH
wocnelcuuja, MCbyTHM, HC CMC 6HTH H jeJIHHH
~anOp noulaTaKa, JCp je na)KHO jja Ce perllCwyje
H 0110 IHTO JEY1IH aancTa ‘IHHe, KaKo noCTynajy
y noje)IHHHM cHTyauHjaMa. Y HCKHM cHTyanH
jaMa nHcwoCneKuHja je HenoyamaH H3B0p HO
naTaKa, jep Jb3’JIH HHC3’ yBeK 3’ cTamy, a JTO}ie
icall HHCY IlK BOJbHH Ja ITpeWi3HO H BCpHO H3-
,CCTC o CBOjHM yHyTpammHM 110)KIIBJFaJHMa H
CBOM UpHBaTHOM nonamamy.
HI-ITEPBJY H YTIPITHI4K cy Tex
amce aa YTnpbHBame noI~aTaKa 0
0HHM HCHXHMKHM 3GHBaH,HMa Koja
ijacy JjOCT3’HHa CHoibaiJilteM noCMa
Tpamy. 0 nojaBaMa Koje ra HilTepecy
jy, 6ano ~ ce pa~4 0 Llo)KHBmajHMa
1431110 noHaulamy, HCHXOJIOF MO)KC j~a
ca’IHHH JIHCT3’ nHTaH,a ca L~HJEeM )~a
z~o6nje oI~rouope y lcOjHM he GHTH
eaJ~p)KaHH no~auI4 KOjH Cy My HO
TpeGHH. AKO ce HCnnTnname o~BHja y
BH~ pasronopa, FOBO~HMO 0 HHTep
ujyy. YKOJIHKO Cy nwrama oz~wTaMna
Ha, Te HcnHTaHHqH, y nucaHoj d~OpMH
~ajy o.r~roBope, pe’i je 0 ynHTHI4Ky.
Kaga Cy HCHHT~HHUH Ca KOjHM ce 130-
~H HHTepBjy HJTH KOjH o~roBapajy Ha
ynHTHHIC, T~KO H3aOpaHH ~ npej~
cTaBmajy 1leJly nonyJTa~Hjy WIll HCKY
oijpe~eHy rpyny, TaicBo HCTpawcHBame
ce Ha3HBa ~HKCTHO HCT~3JKHB~FLC HJIH
je~nocTaBHo aHIceTa.
TepMHH TECT je OHIUTH H~3HB 3a
Cue ~ nocrynKe
yTnpl)HBaI-ba, ~epeaa H ~~FHCT~0B~-
ma norlaTaKa ICOjH ce KopHoTe y
HeTpa)KHBamy. floHeKa)~ ce sa CuaKo
HCHXOJIOIIJKO HCHHTHB~It~ K~)KC ,,Te
cTHpame”, UJTO HHje onpaB~Ho. Pe
3~J1T~T Ha T~CT3’ je n~garaic 0 If~HOCTI4 HaJIa3a HCKOF IICHXOJIOLUKOP
HCHHTHBaH0j OCO6HHH H3~~)KCH je
)U4HHUaMa ~ CKaJIe.
CTaHrjap~HsoBame je~He eicane M0)KC
cc TCM~JbHTH Ha ~axony seponaTHohe,
BCJIHKOM Gpojy H3B~IIJCFJHX HCHHTH
Bama H npuxuaramy H~KHX K0HBeH-
iwja (j~oroBopa). TeCTOBH cy BeoMa
I(O~HCHH xa~~a je noTpe6Ho ma ynope
J~HMO ~~331H’lHTC oco6e HuH pa
331H’n4Te rpyne oco6a e o6sHpoM Ha
HCK0 CBOjCTUO.
Y ncHxouiorHjH CC KOpH0TH BCJIHKH Opoj
paI3nH~HTnX T~CT0B~ FJIaBHH H~MHH mHXOBOr
pa~nn~onama je npeMa BpCTH IICHXH’IKHX no
jana KojeCe ThHM~ HCrnITyjy. TaKo Ce, Ha lI~H
Mep, ~0B0~H 0 TCCTOBHM3 mama (HIip. In
HOje)IHHUX H~CT~BHHX npelIMeTa, 3a pa3He
npcre HcnHTa), TCCTOBMMR cnoco6xiocrn (cen
3OpHHX, MOTOpHHx, HHTCJICKTyaJIHHx, cTnapa
uTa’IKHx), TCCTOBHM~ JIH~1fOCTH (3a HCH}i
THname pa3uIH’IHTHX 11pm, JIUP. HHTPOBCpTHO
Cm, CKCTpaBCpTH0CTH; arpecHnHocm, c~py
CTpIIpaHOCTH, aHKCHO3HOCTH, HeypoTwlHo
CTH) H Cii.
AFIAPATPI HuH ~~3JIHMHTC B~CT~
T~XHH’lKHX ype~aja KO~HCTC Ce)’ HCH
XOJTOUJKHM HCTpa7lKHBaHr,HMa ca IjH
meM ga ce noBeha UPCUH3HOCT no
cMaTpaHa, ~epema H peFHCTpOBaH,a
nojjaTaKa. Y HCKHM rpa~a~a flcHxo
.JlorHje, imp. 3’ 4)HSHOJIOUIKOj HCHXO
JTorHjH H HCHXOJJOrHJH paRa, anaparN
cy HajBawcHHjH geo onpe~e uia6opa-
TopHja. Y ynoTpe6H Cy je.IW0CTaBHH
npllpy’mH a~apani 3a ~epeme imp.
MHHIHhHOF Tc.Hyca, MHmHhHe H3gpK-
JbHBOcTH, K~BHOF npllniclca, ejleic
T~H’lHC IIPOBOJIJbHBOCTH Koxce, aiTH H
CJIO)K~HH ypflajll 3a pa~im~n~e OHo
xeMHjCTce anaJui3e, 3a HCHHTHB~ThC
~oxçga~e aKTHBH0CTH, CHHMamC MO)K
)~~HHX ranaca H ~mpyr~x 4HsHo-
.nomKHx Hojaua Koje ‘mHe OCHOB3’
nc~!xHqKHx aGHBama WITH C)’ no~esa~e
ca H,HMa.
Hprn-i IcpIlTepHfyM 3a OLICHY nvy3-
MCIII-!TIiB~H,~ I-filM McTpaxcHBal-bafecTe
npo~epa Ba.JLaHOCTH H HOY3,lT~HOCTH
TCXHHK~ KOfMM ~5’ no,zfaL{H pen-xcTpo
B~HH H MepeHH. llcHxono3H ce cncre
MaTelcI2’ UaBe yCaBpIaaBaaeM CBOJHX
HHCTpYMeHaTa. O6JIaCT xofa ft
lrCIcJby’IHBo HocBeheIIa THM ns-n’aan
Ma 308e ce ncnxoMeTpuf a
15
flHTAH’A H 3A.jAI~4
1. HCHXHMKC nojaae Ce ncnomauajy y BHj~y upogeca
HaBeJtwre ocuonne DpCTC ndHxwIKHX upoueca ii 3adna-
K)’ B~OT3’ noKyulajTe Jt& £WTC HCKOSUIKO flPHMepO.
2. ITITa C)’ TO ncwUflKe 000SUHC? liBflCWffe ,fajMall.c
net oeo6mia Koje C)’ XapaKTepHCTh’uiC ~a ocofly zojy
uajrnuue nomrre, 3K oco6y xojy HaJMame somrre, H net
CBOjHX 0C06H1111. Ico je KOMC CJIWIHHjH?
3. lIlta ~C TO TTCHXH’IKO CThILe? Orniwnte icaxo arc cc
ocebann H HOHKUIUJIH xaula OTC §nnn 3aoxyna.dHH ne
KHMIIpO6JICMOM.
4. V ‘1CM)’ je OCHOUNK Teoplijein 33R~T8X flCHXOJlOfll
je?
5. Ha6pojTe rpaiie ndnxouorHje zoje C)’ B~M flO3I~TC H
caxc~o HaneswTe ‘nfMe cc 6ane one xoje cy upuencrue
HO npHMcwenor Kaparrcpa.
6. V ‘1CM)’ je pasJznKa UsMeb)’ o6jermuanx H CyGjeK
THuImz HOJZaTaEa? Koje TCXIWKC Ct KO~HCTC 3K peflI
CTPOB&I.C jewmx a Zoje Sn pcrncrponau.e jipyrnx?
7. V ‘zeny je oeiionna paxznra H3Mel~y eKdnepil
MCHTKJIHOF H neexcnepnMetannor ucTpaxmnan,a7
S. BPiKEk flopasrccapajre y e~iesnen.y o rpawsa
ncHxoalornje zoje JXoflpHHOCe nolnynujeM pasyMena
my npo6sienn Ca wjiw cc cpchy SIIpUSOThdHH pauinn
Un. Kopnctelm noc~ynam mnpocncxwrJe, omnrnrre
MEG CTC CC OCCMflH II rioaanzasni flPH jej*noj on ono
mx TIOCCTK .flckapy.
16
2. OpraHcice OCHOBC H
,L~pymTueIm LilfimoIw
DCXIXWllCOf KHB0Ta
KaRa iiOCMaTpaMo Hem nejcaxc, oco
6y Koja 1MM Hfle y CycpeT, xoniap
Eanucy y’ranrnuy, cnyma~o My~ugy,
rjIe~aMo Teaenn3uJcIdH nporpaM, xa
z~a BOIWMO paaronop, y’imao Houy
~iexx~jy, pemaBaMo 3a.z~ane, y iia~a
CC OJ~BHjajy P~3HOB~CHH Ca3HajHH H
CMOuHOH~flHH npoiRecn, axmnupajy
cc pa3mi MOTHB1~ miTepeconama H
cTaBouH.
rlcnxwnrn npouecn Kojil Ce jan.nia
jy y HaBeIZeHHM H I~pyFHM ZHBOTHHM
cwryawijaMa uMajy 0CH0B~ y 3611na-
ThElMa xoja ce zzewauajy y H~fflCM op
raHuaMy. JLy~cxn 0~F~HH3~M je 0310-
~CH CHCTCM JZQJH CC cacTojil 113 uimie
Mel)yco6Ho noneaamix H Meby3aBH-
cmix cnewfja.JmaoBaHHx opra~cxux
dncTeMa, no JUTO cy KOZHH, KoffiTa
HE!, MYCKyJIapHH, eH,z~oKpnHH, Hep
uHF!, wIpxyJIapHn z~Hcajm1, npo6an-
HH~, CKCKP~T0~HH H peflpo~yKTHBHn
CHCTeM. CBaKH opratcni CHCTCM
o6anma uehn Gpoj iteMy CBOjCTBeHHX
axmmiocTu Koje cy oi~ npecy~uor
3Ha’Iaja 3a paauoj, oapxcaname H 4y~-
IWOHHC~EbC 0~F~HH3M~ no uejj~ne.
flone3nnamy mx axmBHocnz 3’ 1~eJiH-
H)’ ~onpnuoce CDII opra~cxn cnCTe
Ma Hfla% rixanuy inrrerpajniy y.nory
mdajy nepa~n CHCTeM H cHcTeM E~B0-
TOES (t~xipzyiiapi.rn cHcTeM). Ta ~na
cncTeMa aHaToMcxu H 4~H3HOSIOUJKH
upozilMajy cue oc~a.ne CUCTCMC H XO
op~miupajy IMIXOB pan.
Bama, Met~IynIM, HM~TH ~‘ BHJ~y ija UHJC )KHBOI’ CBCTa. 0 rpaI~JH H 4yn-
jaBJEalte H olWHjaHe flCHXH9KHX ripo KUHOHHCaHy HepliHor CHCTeMa FOBO
ueca HHjC caMo flOJ~ yTH1~ajeM 3GHBa- pit ce y aHaToMujH H (FHSHOJJ0FHjH,
ma H emma y opraHH3My, nero Je H Heypo.uorHjH H gpyruM GHOJIOUJICHM
noJi~ yTHLJajCM Hamer paHHjer i-icKy H MCJ~H14HHCKHM nay’THHM FpanaMa.
CTB8- HCKyCTBeHa ocHoua IICHXHMKOr OBgC heMo eaMo floQCCTHTH Ha HeKe
IKHBOTa jej~ae oco6e 4OpMHpaHa je y O~ OCHOBHHX flOjMOBa KOjH cy BaWCHH
TOKY 1-LeHe HpCTXOJIHC HHJ~HBHJ~yaJJ 3a pa3yMeBame HCHXH9KHX flojana.
FTC H coLxHjaJlHe aKTHBHOCTH. )Jeua,
oMnaJlHHa, oj~pacji~ H CmpH pa
3JIH’IHTO pearyjy Ha nc~a 36HBama He 4YJIA
caMO 3Gor CBCHT3’aJIHHX Y3~~CTHHX
pa~n~~a 3’ 4)yKJJHoHHcaFby opranH3- Y CflOJbaflJH~oj CPeJXHHH—Y4~H3HI1KOM
Ma nero H 36or pa~jmica y ca~pAcajy H H coT.~HjanHoM oKpy)TceHy, H y yHy
oGHMy CTe~TeHor HCKyCTBa. Hpecy~aH TpauiHoj CpeIuIHH CBHM J~enoBHMa
—
ymuaJ Ha ~K~HH)’ aKTHBHOcTJCJIHHKC opraHH3Ma, eTaliHo ce oj~BHjajy pa3-
JIMa )XPYmTBCHa CPCJIHH~ H ,apywTne HC npoMene. Te npoMeHe uMajy enoj
He rpyne E0JHM npnna~a, HrIp. nopo eHepr’CTCKH BH4~, Hnp. CBeTn0Cr no
j~n~a, npHJaTemH, niicojia, cycegcTBo, eTaje ja’Ia HiTH CJTa6Hja, TeMnepaTypa
.noKanHa 3ajeflHHL~a H CiT. YCJIOBH Koje pac~e Him onaj~a, xoHueHTpauHje HO
~~YWTBCH~ cpegHna npyeica H 3aXTe- jCflHHHX cyncTaHuHja 3’ Baaflyxy, BO
BH KOjC noeTaBiba oj~pehyjy oncer MO ~H, XpaHH, HJ1~3MH Icoja HcnymaBa
ryhux H THETH’IHHX aKTHBH0cTH jCJ~HC henHje 0PF~HH3M~ nocTajy Behe HuH
oco6e. Te npa~nrn~e aKTHBH0cTH aH MaTte. Y OpFaHH3M3’ HOCTOJC CneL~Hja
raTcyjy oRpeljeHe HCHXH’IKC 4~yHKUH- nHaoBaHe rpyne henHja Icoje, caMe
je. One 4yKuHje Koje cy Haj3na~aj- HJW y KOM6HHaLIHjH ca joni HCKHM
HHjC aa )KHBOT 3’ ~aToj 3ajeJ~HHuH TKHBHMa, pCrHcTpyjy i~eo mx HpOMe
Haj~ewhe Ce aHra)Icyjy, TC Ce HajnoT 1-Ta. llpoz~iene KOje )~enyjy i-ia oprarn-i
nyHHje paaBHjajy, ~OK OHe KOjC ce y 3aM 30B3’ Ce CTHMyJIJ’CH 1-Lilt ,ZTPa.>KH,
~aToj C~C~HHH ~CTKO KopHcTe, ocTajy heumje KOje cy cneuHjaJrH3oBaHe 3a
HC~OBOJbHO pa3BHj eiie HJJH CC BpeMe perHcTpouame THX npo~ena SOB)’ CC
HOM C~~BHM H3ryGe. ¶1J’J iiC, ceH3opHr HuH peflejiTopHe
HCIIXM’IKM )KIIBOT CEEKC oco6e je he.irnje. HeKe B~OTC 93’JIHHX hennja cv
pe3yJITaHTa,zleJTonarba OpraHcKI4x, Co. CKOHUeHTPHCaHC 3’ CHCUHJaJIHHM op
LflfJaJIHulX H JTIIYHHX PtCKYCTBCHIIX raHHMa KOjH Ce o6wmo Ha3HBajy
~JxtHHJiaL(a ~yjra Him YyRHII, CCH3OJYHK opraHi-!.
Thyjzexn Opraim3aM je OllpeMJ~eu 1IyJIHHM
opI~aHHMa Icojil MOry y ojtpetjenoM oncery pe
YJIOFA HEPBHOT’ CHCTEMA rHcTpoBaTH ilpoMeHe y nojenmm~ upcTa~a
4III3HMKHX H xeMHjcxnx eHeprnja. Y 0EV c:e
Hajiase ‘iyjme hejrnje Icoje perHcwyjy ilpoMe
EHo.nouixy OCH0B~ HCHXH’TKOF )KHBOTa He 3’ HHTCH3HTCTy H (1)pelcnemwji-I cBeTJTO
JEYJXH qHHH O~~~HH3~M y JJCJIHHH. He CHHX Tanaca. Cue nox oHe jxo6po CPYKIII-I0HH.
HOCPCJXH~ H HajaHa’iajHHjy ynory y lily, y cTan,y cMO na BWU4M0 npenMeTe, iia no
janmamy H o)~BHjamy UCHXHqKHX no cMaErpaMo paaHa S6HBaH,a 3’ npoeTopy y KojeM
jana HM~ HC~BHH CHCTeM. HCpBHH OH Ce HaJla3uMo N jia pa3JlHl-cyjeMo 6oje. Y yny
TpamaeM }XY ce uasia~e ~yiiHe tiejrnje xoje
CTeM ‘JOBeKa je BPXYH~LJ pa3Boja
neypanHHx CTPYKT~~~ y TOK)’ eBony- pearyjy Ha BasaymHe Tauiace ojipflene djpe~
17
nemuhje H H1{TeH3HTeTa, IJITO HaM oMoryhana
ma ‘lyjeMo pa3ue 3nyxone, ToHone, myMone...
rlopem heJlHja ‘iy.na cnyxa, y yxy ce Hana3e H
‘iynue hemHje Koje y’lecTnyjy y ompNcanamy
TemecHe paBnoTe)Ice. Y HOCY ce HaJia3e ‘iyii
ne hejinje xoje perHcTpyjy npoMene y UpOTH H
KomlenwauHjH XCMHJCKHX cyncTanunja y
na3myxy, InTO ce mO,KHBJbaBa Kao pasanKa y
MnpHcy. Y ycTnMa, HajBHule na JFSHKY na
jiaae ce hejinje ‘iyna yxyca, Koje pearOnaweM
Ha XCMHJCKe pacruope oMoryhyjy pa3JrnKona-
me cnanor, cnaTxor, myror H rOpKOr. Y
KO.2K1’fce HaJIa3H Buine RpcTa ‘iymm-ix hejinja
Koje C)’ oceTmHne Ha JIOI1HP H ilpOMeHy TeMne
paType. Y BehHHH Txnna ce Hamaae hesrnje Koje
penic~yjy omTehema H3a3BaHa 43H3H’lKHM H
xeMnjcKnM arendnMa, InTO ce mOxHBThana xao
6am.
HocToje ilpOMelle y cnojbammoj H ~H)’
wammoi CpemHHH 3a xoje jbymcxH opraHH3aM
ne~a cnenHjajlH3onaHe pellenTOpe (imp. 3a
ripoMeHe 3’ HHTCH3HTCTY MarneTnor noma H
X-3paxa), xaO H npoMene Koje 03’ H3BaH oncera
HopMamne mymcKe oCeT.TEHBOCTH (Hnp. Hncj3pa-
ilpuellil TamacH, 3B3”IHH TaJIaCH ‘ifijaje djpex
neHiIHja H3HaJI 20.000 y cexyn,LU4). Hexe om THX
npoMella Mory yrHilaTil Ha OpraHn3aM, aJrn He
H3a3Hnajy dneIXH4~HMUe peaKunje HH y JemBOM
peuenTOpy. Taxo X-3paua pasapajy TKHBO, aJIH
caM)’ HilIXOB)’ nojany HHCMO 3’ CT~Th3’ ma peril
c~yjeMo nyTeM ‘lyJIa.
HHcpopMaIwje 0 sGnnamnMa y ‘IyJIHHM op
ranilMa, y Biuly nepBHHX uMnyilCa, npexo He
pH4,epHor nepnHor cHoTeMa ~1odneBajy y
omronapajyhe mejione UCHTPaJLHOE HepnHor OH
OTeMa.
rIEPWFEPHM HEPBHTT CHCThM
flepH4epHii HepuHa cncTeM ‘lHHe
~j~a nina HCpBHHX B.maKaHa. HepBHa
BiJaxHa Koja ilpeHoce uep~~e liMnyJI
ce 0)1 nepucl)epnje Ka UeHTJ)Y ce 3013)’
aØepei-irna WITH C~H30~H~, a ona Icoja
npei-ioce H~~BHC u~ny~ice 0J~ 1~CH-
TpanHOr HepBHor cHcTeMa Ka flepH
d~epHjH 3013)’ ce eØeJJCHTH3 113TH
MoTopna.
HepndJepHH HePBHH CIWTCM ce meim Ha Go
MaTcKH H H~ ayT0H0MHH meO. COM8TCKH meo
18
‘n-tHe nepait KOjH npenoce i-iMiiyJTce OIt H ItO 11epe6pa.JIHM zcopTezcc. Moiiç~ana xopa nMa BHU1~ cTpyxTyprnix KOMnOHeUTH,
‘IyJmHx opraHa, MHmHha It nonpmnne Tema je eBOJIYJIHOHO HajMnalfll )1eo Kep Mety IcojHMa C)’ TL9JIaMyC HXI4JIOT2JTa-
COMaTCKH ilomoHoreM oMoryhyje mo)KHnmaj Buor dHcTeMa, aJili 3aTO Hajpa3BHje- MyC. Kpoa rana~yc npo~xa~e OEM ate
ocera bojia, mogilpa, TonjioTe H Cit Hom n,ero ~OHTHH H e4~epeHTHH HO~BHH nyTeBH
iinjw CBH ncTlXIflKH npouedn, noce6-
BOM KOHWOJIOM C)’ CBH MHIUHhH xoje KOpH
~o olin KOjHX CMO cBecHn, npahenn cy KOjH noBesyjy ~oaçgauy KOpy ca qyn
CTHMO y BOJbUMM aKTHBH0CTHMa. AyT000MHII
meo ‘IHHe nep~it KOJH npeHOCe HJ.H13’JICe 0)1 H a1cTHBHOH~lI1Y H O1IrOBapajyJ’lHM j~ejjo HUM OpralinMa, MHUIHhHMa H )KJT~3)1~-
Ma. Y xnnoTa.maMycy ce HajIa3e uej-i
mo yHyTpammHx opra~a H )iCjiC3)1~, Ito rJIaTKHx EMMa MO)icIrnHe icope
Mrnrniha H cpua. H3a3Hna Hap. ulHpeme H T~H KOjH K0HT~0JIHU1)’ 36HBaI-La y
cy)lcaname KpBHHX oymona, aKTHBHpa 3HOjHC rlpeMa OCHOBIHhM yJioraMa KOje nojemniin yHyTpaIhIH,00TH 0~F~HH3M~ H UGHTPH
,icme3me, xoin-pomHme paji HauGy6pe)KHHK menu meilonu HMajy, MoKJIaHa xopa cc mema Ha 3a KOO~ThHHHC~ThG paga )KJIG3)1~ ca
ncjie3ma. HasnaH je ,,ayTOH0MHH” jep merom-i CCH30P113’, MOTOpILy H aCOIIHjaTHBHy aony. Y
yHyTpalUH,HM JIy’leH~eM. XHnoTaJIa
ecj,eKTH IIHC3’ nom KOIIWOJIOM BOJIIC H OII~CT1-! c01130p110J 30110CC na~iase lIeilTpl4 y Koje a4e-
M)’C peryijaule rnag H Eeb, UHKJIYCO
oco6e. pel[THHM II3’TCBHM~ I1~HCTH)K)’ HMH)’31C11 H3
cnanan,a H aKTHBH0cTH, TCJICGH~ TeM
omronapajyhax ‘1 yJ1ILHX oprana. L~enrap npn
cTIIIJIC HMfl3’JICC noneayje 3’ HCJIOBMT OCeT HepaTypy, ceiccyajn-ie H penpogyicrHB
ne npouece. OGH’IHO ce Ha xHrlom
(,,TyMa’rn I5UXOB cMHcao”) ha npn~tep, y no
UEHTPAJIHM HEPBHH CHCThM THma’moM me~iy ceIr3Oplre 30110 je ucirrap aa JIaMyc yKa3yje xao i-ia cpegnm~e eMo
81111, 3’ cJICHOO’IIIOM I~ CJIyX. OffiTchelba TI-DC JJHOHaJIHOI’ KHBOTa, jep KOHT~0JJHUJG
UeHTPaJIHH H~~BHH CHOTeM ‘JHHe MO ueirrapa monolle mo ry6nTlca anIta ojniociio gO)KHBmaj )TO)1HOGTH H 6o~a, ucno
3aK H Icfl’~MeHa MoxczwHa rJTaBHH )1e- cnyxa. Morop;ia 30118 CC uanaan y ‘leonoM Ije maEaH,e rlieBa, c~paxa H 3agoBoJb-
JToBH ~soara C)’ npe)ULH, Cpe.IUFH H ny xope. Y lbOj C)’ 11CILT~H y KOJHM Ce 4opMn- cTBa.
3~)1ILH MoaaK. Tipeamu MO3PS ce jjeJiH pajy HC~BHH HMII)’JICH KOjH KOHTpOJInuly
nO1cpeTe H xpeTalbe. OmTeheme noJeflnhfHX me Cpe,amz H 3a11m14 MO3~K cy, TaKoije,
Ha TeJJeHuIecFaJlOH H )1HjeHue4~aJ1oH. cjio~iceue CTPYKTY~G Koje KOHTpO
mona One 3OHe JIOBOIIH Ito ry6HTKa flOKpeTJbl4-
TeJleHued?anoH ‘lHHe ~ Ha uHf])’ MHOr’e )KHBOTHe 4)yHKJWje.
itI-IBOCTH omronapajyhnx memona Tema.
Koje K0)1 qoBelca orna~a OKO 75% YTBpIJeH0 je ma neii~’n-ina THX itewrapa In4jC y
yicyn~e TeXCHHe meronor HO~BH0F CM cpaaMepn Ca BCJIHNHIIOM me.nona Ten KOje
oTeMa. One ylcmy’lyjy .IIeBy H gecny xonTpomHuiy, nero ca CTeHeHOM HilhXOBC OceT
M0)K)1~H)’ xeMHC4~epy. HOBpIUHHCKH JbHBOOTH it cjloMcenomhy muxoBnX MoTop}nhx
CJIOj xeMnccl3epa je H36pa3gaH H CHBG peaKunja OTyma, uen~pa KOjH KOHT~OStHffl)’ YJIOrE JIEBE H JWCHE
je Goje, Ha3HBa ce Moxcitana icopa HJJH nnp. ycra nstn pyxe 3ay3nMajy Miroro nehy
oGsIacT nero It0l1T~H KOjH KOHTpOHHmy cTona XEMHCTEPE KOPE BEJTHKOT’
ma n Hore. HocToje noilpy’lja 3’ KOjT4M lieMa MO3FA:
cenaopni-tx it Moropnax I~eirrapa, xoja cjiy,xe
/ MOXW*IA HHrerpHcamy HJIH none3nnalby pa3JIH’IHTHX
XEMEXYFEPHA
/ aesie.,e~ano~
UEHTRUHI
F€PBHH MO~~~< ~~rsHU~4GflOH
liMnyilca. Ta noxlpy’Ija cc 3ony 2COIJHJ8TIIBIIC JIATEPAJII-I3AIJHJA
7 OCTEM ~ Mo34XCPE09~ 30110. Ha H,HX oTnMa OKO WH ‘IeTnpTHHe
\ ~AO~’X
qp,iO114M MoncuaHe xope. OHe IleMajy dHeItH(j)H’IHe 3’JIO-
\3Afl~I_io.~c re xao IleiITpH y cenaOpHoj 113111 MOTOpHOj 30-
MOIAK~,~gm Haxo uMaMo o6uqaj ga 0 M03F~ pas
HEPBHH CICTEM rn-i. 3a H,HX cc ne~yje omaHjan,e cjio>icennx
MHUJJbaMO xao 0 jegHHGTBeHOJ ue.UH
nc~xnqxnx 4iyxitilja (nap. y~ema, nai~ihema,
MnmJbema) H Haj3Ila’lajIH-IjHx nnmona cHew-f RH, OH je flO)1CJbCH Ha )1B~ HaH3rJJeg
C~4&3CKH
/HEPBK
(Prnrno JEymoxor nonauiama (nap. ronop, pe3o- jegHaxa gejia, Icoje, icao JMTO CMO Bell
FE P81W noname, cyl)eme, llpouelbnname cHTyaulhje). pelc.ITH, HasHBaMo MwKgaHHM XeMH
CMCTEF1 Fbnxona flora jom ynex nHje monom,Ho o6- cd~epaMa. XeMHc4epe cy MflycoGHo
/
‘AYICIO4iH
~EPBi
jammena. flOBe3aHe j C)1HHM EeJIHKHM enJIeroM
HEPBFI HC~BHHX BuaxaHa KOJH ce soBe Kop
Moiçgaue xe~~c~epe cy HoBe3ane Xl)’C K~JT03~M H ca HexouIHKo MaThHX
CJncKa 2.1:IIICMUTCEO flpUKli3 FJ1813HH1110J1088 Ga )1HeHUec1IaJIOHOM. )~HeHh1e43aJJoH cnjierona KOjH ce 3013~ KoMHcype.
HepnHOr CHCTCMÜ
19

Iiay’IHHUH cy noxytuaJIH ~ja ozjrO
Bope na ~ ~ nn cy nojeruiHe
ncHxH’IKe 4JyKIWJe (Hflp. ocehame,
ona,Icame, ytielte, naMheme, MHfflJbe
FEC, CMOUHOHaMHO JIo)Ki4BiEaBaEEe H
CM.) H noje.IIHHH BWIOBH noHaman,a
(imp. ronop, MaHHHyMHCaFEe H JIOKO
MOTOPHC aKTHBHOCTH) noj~ K0HTpO-
.jrnM uenor Moara fiftH ce HuixoBa
K0HTpOJIa ocTBapyje 3’ CaCBHM o~pe
teHnM j~enoBHMa MOara. Pacnpa~a o
TOM nuTaFEy j e Tpaj aim gyro, j ep Hnj C
6nno cHaxcHux eMnHpHjCIdHX jioxasa
HU sa je~LHo ~H aa ~xpyro Beponalbe.
flpBy eMnfipflj 01(3’ EIOTBPThY ga cc mena
H )ICCH~ MoxcaaHa xeMHc4~epa, naxo
aHaToMcKH neo~a cJrnqHe, 4IyHKUHO-
Ham-b 6HTHO pasmifixyjy n~ao je, y ~py
roj 110J10B14H11 19. nexa, napncxn
.nexap lion Epoxa (Paul Broca, 1824 — IIpOH3BOLEH XOpMOH RHJ4’pQrelI, KOja H KOfl
1880) Kojil je yo~uo j~a cc xo~i Ibero
BHX naufljenaTa, KOJ~ KOjHX je no
peaynTaT no~pejje MOara ~~omno )~O
nopeMehaja roBopa, no~pen ynex
H~J1~3H Ha .rleBoj a ~nxa~ Ha J~CCHOJ
MozcJxaHoj xeMHc4~epn. To cy Gairn
U~BH ~oxaaH jja je ro~op~a 4~yHK1fl4ja
xo~ ~o~exa neaa~a ~a neny ~o~çga~y
xeMHc4~epy.
JjaJbH 11OK~3H y nprnior .yToxanw3auHje
MO)KJIaHHX c~yHKunja JIO6HjCHI4 cy y HCTH4TH-
naH,HMa Koja cy ‘ieipmecenix ronaHa onor ne
Ka nsnptueua na nawijeHTHMa 1(011 KOjUX cy
OIIepaTHBHI4M nyTeM pa3llsojeHe mesa a mecna
~owmana xeMHc4~epa. UHJE onepaunje 6vrn je
ma cc cnpe’rn upecJIHKanaHc ~IIHJI~flTHMHHX
)Kapx-rnlTa 143 jemne xeMacd)epe y npyry. Ha
U~BH nor.ncn nonamaa,e onict oco6a ce Hi-ije
npoMenano. BKdnepMMeILTH y KojaMa cy
mpa>xa npnKa3nnane ca~o mesoj 1131K caMo ~e
CHOJ Mo)Kaanoj xeM14c4~ep1I, 11~~)KHJ1H cy moica
Sc ma HSMeby muejy xeMHc4EJepa 3aHcra nocToje
paa~n~xe y cj.yHKgHOaHcamy Hmaje MoryheTe
pa~m~xe CHCT~M~TCKH Hc~axnnaTn. Taxna
Hcwa)KHBaH,a cy Moryha jep 1(011 ‘lyma xao
UbTO je npn. 51411, HHCI)OpMaI*Hje KOje cc aajiaae
3’ iiesoj JIOJIOBHHH BK11HO~ nOiha omJIa3e 3’ 11~-
0113’ xeMHc4)epy, H o6paTHo.
20
KaCHHje Cy pa3nHjeHH H H00T~1ll1H KojaMa
je oMoryheno HCflHTHRaThC XeMHc(~epHHX pa
3JIHK~ H 1(011 HOpMaJIHHX, SspaBHx 3by1114 KOJH
Ma HHC3’ paSmBojeHe mesa a iiecna xeMHc4epa.
Jeman on T~KBHX nocTynaxa je neoMa KpaTKO
aajiarame cTm4yilyca (1/10 cexymze) y .nenoj
113TH IICCHOJ ITOJIOBHHH BaSyeJTHOr nOJEa TaKO
ma H11(lopMaUHjC 0 OHOMe HITO je ,,nHJZeiTa” jem
Ha fl0H0B1-ll{~ M03fl IteMajy i~pe~ena ma upehy
y mpyry.
McTpaKasaHa cy no~a~ajia ma cy jeaHNKe
4yllKuHje sesane npeTe)KHo 3a mesy xeMHc4~e-
py, a cn0006nocT ynnilaiba II~0CT0~HHX 011110-
ca sa mecny. HCKH 0 H,11M~ uax H ronope Kao 0
,,nepbaintoj” H ,,lleBep6ammoj” xeMactjlepH. Jla
nac ce yrJIaBHOM cMaTpa ma je mesa ~o,~mana
xeMac4lepa ,,SazIyKeHa” Ta rosop, ‘IHT~ThC H
nHcaH,e, 3a pa’iyname, 3a ~H~JWTH~K0 H pa
uaonamno MHfflJbCH,C, 110K je mecna xeMHc4wpa
,,Sa.my)KeHa” n ona,Kan,e upocTopHax omnoca,
Ta onazaH,e a aapa~~asai~e eMorn-Ija H HaToHa
Baje ronopa, Ta HIITYI-IIIHjY.
YKparico: HCpBHH CMCTCM cc ,aeirn
Ha !ICHTJLIIIJ!HH 14 flcpRu~epH14 HC~BHPI
cI4CTCM. L(CHTPEJIHI4 H~~BH11 C14CT~M
~ie HajBehPI H HaJCJIO)ICCHPIJPI ,iwo Rep
DROP CHCT~M~. Y IthCM~ cc o,zTBkIjajy
i7pOI~CCH KOJH KOHT~OJIHLU~ CBC
KJL~?HC XCPIBOTHe cfJyKzwje.
Be3y H3Me~1y NCHTP~JTHOP HC~DHOP
CI4CTCM4 Ha je,zrHoJ CT~~HH, H OpflZH
cKe H )KI4BOTHC CPCJIIIHC, Ha apyrof,
yCJJOCTaBJLa I1epHç~JepHH HCJJBHH Cli
cTeM. Heps4’epHH Rt~DHl4 cucre~
IIPeHOCII HH4iopMazwje 0 II~0MCH~!J~
y HOJCJIUHUM ,aeJIOBHMa O~P~HH3M~ 11
y caomawmoj cpeZUIHH y o,zzpeficHe
1TCJI0DC L(ØHT~~JIHOP HC~BH0P CHCTC
Ma. 0 pear o~aay Ha TC H~0M~HC
o,zury’ryje l4CHT~~]lHH HC~BHH clicTeM
Ii CBOJC oipryice 17~CKO neprn~epuor
H~~BH0P cHcreMa H~CH0CH oJlToBapa
jyhuM MululibliMa H JKRC3AT8Ma
Heaocpe,uHz 1COHT~KT ca cpcfiH
HOM HC~BHH CHCTCM ocTliapyje J1~CKO
cRoflix HaJllcTypeHnjzx ,zreJroBa icoju
ynase 5’ CTpJ’ICTJ’JJJ’ VYJIHHX opralia.
C
D1cJ1E32~E CA YHYTPAfflH~HM
JIY’IEH,EM
Ew~oxpHHe )KJ1C3)~C fiftH )ICJJe3J~e ca
yHyTpamThHM ny’IeH,eM cB0Je npo
J~yKTC, noaaaTe fl0~~ Ha3HBOM xopMo
HP!, .rry’ie flHPCKTHO 3’ KpB. Hy’re~ K~BH
xopMOHH J~ocneBajy y paaue jienone
opraHll3Ma. AKTHBHOCT CH~OK~HHI4X
,xnea~a TCCHO Je noBe3aHa ca j~ejioBa
H,eM HC~BH0F H ocTannx oprancxnx
ducTeMa. OcnoBHa yjiora eHj~oxpH
HHX tcnea,r~a je ~a o~pzanajy cTaJi
HOOT xeMfijcxnx yc~iona y yHyTpaiu
11,00TH opra~na~a H 1W 3’ olJpfleHHM
OKOJTHOCTHMa xeMHj0KHM CpCJICTBHMa
ycnocTasjbajy Be3e H3Me1~y ~emiosa
opraaflaMa ‘IHjH pa~ Tpe6a ~a 6yjje
ycKJlabeH.
X11r100H34 (naTynipalla KJIe3na) jecro
>~d11e3~1a Ca IlajifiapaM H najaHa’lajlrnjHM yTH
ijajeM na 3øHIIaIba 3’ opranw3My. CMeurreJ[aje
ca flOIbC cTpaiie Moara. HMa JIBa hem!, flpeJIIbH
a 3aTjlbH. 3amir,a mco je llotj KOHTpOJIOM Hep
mior CHCTCMa, JTy’TH Lisa XopMOIIa— 0K01470W411
(oxytocin, 1(0)14 KOllTp0JlHme IC0HTpaKIjHjc 3’TC-
pyca IIpHJI11KOM nopoljaja a cTnltynauie pam
MJTe’llfl4x )KJTeSlIa) 14 EH3OHJCCJJH (visopressin,
Koja perysrrnue panhroTeMcy some y TCJICcILMM
hemifijaMa 11 Kol[TpOJu4lne K~B1IH npFnI4caK~.
Ilpcjur3H hlco xanoc~H3e mym IrexOmiaxO xop
Mona Koja perynamy pai~ npyr:Tx )KJ1C311~ (ra
poamure, aJIpeu[aUHHx, rollama) axop3rompacTa
KOja aMa KPHTH’IHy ymory y nOcTa3aH,y On
THM~JUIC nacaire. Barnax ror xopMona ycmon
.iana ,,uanoncxn”, a Man,ax ,,naTymacrW’
pacT.
LU TMTACTA )KJIE3,1(A (mpoHmu[a), KOja cc
ITaJIaSH 3’ upaTy acnon miapanxca, j~~iH mop
MOH TUpOKCHH KOja K01lTpOJTahlle TCJICCHH Me
Ta6OJIaaaM. AKO 11013e LEO MalbKa mpoiccuaa,
MeTa6oJnrlaM cc ycnopana, ormira ~KT]4BH0CT
oco6e ona3ja, momiasa no onamama cnoco6irocm
xoIuleItrpacair,a nauu~e a noja’~auxe 3a6opan-
11ocT14; ocoGa cc cranno oceha yMopIlOIw, peTKO
je rnalIura. YKOJIHKO flo meilrnijara TapOKda:[a
iiolje ira aexo~ on pan~x yspacra, iracTajy
CMeTibe 3’ pasnojy opral[HSMa xoje Mory 143a3-
Sara jenny spcry MenTainie saocTanocrn 1103-
IraTe mom 11~3HBOM KpCTCJIH3UM (aacroj y
pa3nojy mITejiarenuHie, onamaibe I4HTCJICK-
TyaJiltor 4)yKIWOHHcaIba, lIeaJIeKnaTan pa3noj
na~nocnr). Yxo.rraro nocroj~ namax Tapox
calm, OfleT iuacnjy xpynne npoMeae: y6psarr
MeTaGonasaM, Gpo ocno6aljame enepnije
canjxxaure y xpairmHnHM MaTepajaMa. rIo
nehana je onuna ySGymmHBocT, janmajy ce
npxraH,e, SHojeIbe, y6paan pam cpr~a. TaKne
ocoGe cy enepra’lne, Gp3o ornajjne a oGa’iao
cy Mpfflane. Icon Smpanax ocoGa 11pelubH Iwo
XHUO4IH3C pearyje Ha BHIITaK }fJIH M~1T,~K Ta
poxcaura 3’ xpna T~K0 mTo KoInpOflaIlle HI!
TC1[3HTCT pama TapoHmure )Knesfle.
HAIJEYBPJVKJJE )FCIIE3JTE anut amp cHair
ire )lcJreSne cacToje cc om dnomammer flena amrn
xope, a yluyrpamn,er mena HJIH cparn. One
aMajy fleJiaKy yjiory y oflpKatby )KaBOTa.
XopMona zc~ope ampeirajirie )KmeSne peryiramy
pacrroneny none y Temiy, KOHlleHTpauajy xajia
jyMa a HaIpHjyMa, yTH’ly Ha MeTaGojiasaM
mehepa H GcmiairqenHrla. AnpeaamniH Kop~czcc
MyiliKapalla a )Ke!ia, sajeniro ca xopMoira~a
nonirax >KJie3na, KOHTP0JIHrne pa3noJ H
onp)ucanair,e ceKyamapaax nomninx xapaKTcpa
CTHKa. CnaGHje JIy’ielbe onax XOpMOI[a 110501114
110 onmre Tenecire cJia600TH, ryGHTKa HilTepe
conair,a sa oKofual{y, noceGno aa ceKcymaJ’e ax
TuB] [OCT14 H CJIa6Jbeiba on6paMGenax .~iiara
oprairasMa. XopMoaa opiuc i•iam6y6pewarnx
wuiesma — enHaec~pHr! (anpenaJiHur) H HOpenH
I[e~pHH (HopajlpeaanHn) — ym~y }iapa21 rJiaT
KHX MHuiaha, cp~aay aKranuroc~ H
MCTa60JTII3aM mehepa. OGa me.ua najiGy
Gpeuc;rax )KJue3fla, sajeruro CL xHnO4la3oM, ax
TanHa 03’ y npanpeMamy opraaHSMa ma
MoGHnanie cnoje cnare lcama je aaneaajino
cyo~ea ca cTpecnaM mO:r(anmajeM.
JIOJIHE )KUE3/IE 141114 roiiajje HHTeII3HB-
110 flOMaH,y ma menyjy ca flpIlbJiH)Kaflan,eM re
necae 3penocTa, Tj y speMe nyGepTera. Y
KoopnHaauuija ca HaJIGyGpe)uCHHM )KJieSmaMa,
0] [0 nol1cTH’ly pasnoj penponyxninaHx Opra
na a janmaibe cexyamapnax nomaax o6ene~ja.
EH,zrolcpline xcJre3,lze cy 3Ha9ajHe 3a
eIcoHoMpsHo ØYHICI4HoHlicaThe april
HH3Ma. OHeyTPPlyHapacrn OJlpXcaBa
IL-c opraHIi3Ma, oMoryhyjy OHTIIMSJI
H5’ e45HICilCHOCT je4liHJce y cao6pahajy
ca OKOJTHHOM.
21

TiopeMehain 5’ pWZY eHROKPMHMX
,1cJ1e3,ua CMM-LYJY 5MOJIOWKJ’ e(IrnIca
CHOCT opr’8H113M11 i-i oTexcasajy azrex
EnTail pa3EOJ IICMXOJTOJ~UKHX ,ITPICIIO
3nwlja (ilhip. piHTeJIIdPeHlWJe) xi no
HalllaPba
PA3BOJ ncHxwucor )KHBOTA
qOBEFZA
PaaBoj ndnxwucor )IcnBoTa MOBCK~
Mo)IceMo nocMaTpaTH MS JIBe nepeneic
THB~ 143 flepCr1CKTHB~ pasBOja lien
—
XH’IICOF )ldwBoTa y CicilOlly yKynnor
pasBoja Jb)’ThCKC B~CTC TOKOM eBony
uHie H Hc’ropnje, H 143 nepCfleKTMBe
pasBoja ncHxwncOr )ICHB0Ta y CKJIOTIy
HH~HBH)1yanHoF paanoja CaBpCM~HO1’
‘~o~e~a. J~pyra9Hje pellellO, nHTaIbe
pa3Boja IICMXWIKOF )KHB0Ta nocraBma
ce 14 y OlcBl1pY tJfli.rIoreHe3e (pa3Boja
BpcTe) 14 y OKB14~~ oxirorene3e (paz
nojajemHHKe). eHnOreHeTcKH H HCTO
pujeicH adnelcTn paaBoja flCI4XH’IKOF
,lcHBoTa mo cama Cy caMo 4parMeHTap-
no nsyqaBanH, -re H Baum ~~ama 0 TO-
MC IcalcaB je 6Ho 1ICHXWIKH )KHBOT
JEYJIH y flOje,I~HBHM HpeI4CTOpHjCKHM
H I4CTOpIIJCKHM nepHo~HMa cy HenoT
ny~a H HemoBomHo noy3maHa. Racy
npoT TOMe, BeJIIIKH Gpoj HcTpa)KHBa’Ia
ce Beh meuellnjaMa 6aBH 143y’1aBaWeM
rzcHXwlIcOr pasnoja y OKBh4~~ OHTOFC
Hese, Tj. ompacTama 14 ca3peBaTh~a no
j emHHua.
PaaBoj — duhITC3a ca~pcnaita n y’ieita
OCHOBHH pa3BojHH 11~OLI~CH cy ca
spename H y’iethe. OHH cy Metjyeo6Ho
TeCHO none3aHH, Te je y MHOFHM pas
BOjHHM npoMenaMa TeffiKO yTBpJuITH
ulTa je y’IHHaK caspeBama a mm
y’iema. Yonurreno roBopehH, caspe
22
name je oHaj acrleKT pa3Boja jemHHKe
IcojIl je nom yTHuajeM GnonomlcHx
‘IIIHHJIaUa. OH ce orjiema y pac~y 14
ycnOMcThaBaFbY (mwpepelrnHiauHiH) no
jemHIiHX opraHcKHX cHeTeMa (nrip.
Hepanor, MHUJHhHOF, penpOllyKTHB
Hor) H oprauHsua 3’ geJIHHH. HcTo
EpeMeHo ca npoueeo~ caspeBaa1a
omBnja ce anpoiiecflema HJIH cniua
[ha ucicycTEa 3’ IcojeM cpe~HHCK14 140Th
cmuajn H concTBeHa aicrasHoeT
jeru4HKe nMajy npecymuy ynory. ~a
614 fbi eJ~HHC opra~cice cTpyKType
npeyaesle clioje cneuH4M4tlHe 4ynKuH-
je, nOFOTOBy no j~ pe~i 0 CJIO)KCHHM
c~)yHlcuHjaMa, HeOflXOJU-IH cy cpemHH
ClOT nomcTHuajH H JTPPIH8 aICTHBHOCT
jeJTIIHKC. Ha npHMep, y~eTe nOCTeHeHO
,,moapena” sa xomame, ann caMo xoma
Fh~ KaO CHeUH4U4HHO ThY~CKH o6JmK
lcpeTama, oHO ~opa ma Hayun. Ha TO
ra nomcTwIe cpemHHa, anii H OHO CaMO
cc anraEyje ma 6H oBnamano H0BHM
O6JTI1KOM nonamama K0j14 MY npy~a
MHore npemHOCTI’T. Jom je o’lHrJiem
Hwje ma meTe y’ni roBop. He14O6HTHa
je ‘n4TheHHga ma cy caspeBalbe nep
BHOr cHc’reMa H rOBOpHO~ anapa~a
npeJIyCJlOB a 3aTHM H caCTaBHH meo
npoueca OBJiamaBaita rOBOpOM. YcBa
jaite ompeI~eHOr je3HKa, MehnHM,
ncxJEy’IHBO jC yCJIOBJECHO CpemHH
CKHM yTauajHMa.
Pa3Boj n0JIHHX opra~a n jaBmaae
nonHoF Harona je 6HonomKH npogec
— meo ylcynHOr pac~a a caspeBalba op
raHHsMa jemHHlce. Ha’rnH udnomaua
u,a H aamoBoJbaBaTha lIOJUflIX noTpe
Ga, MChyTHM, yBeJIHICO 3aBHCI1 og
y~ema. CBaKa mpyfflTBefla Sajemuuua
perynnme ceiccyanHo noHamame. Y
CBHM sajemunuaMa Ta perynaguja Hil
je acm. HojemaHa1.~ ycBaja oHe nop
Me, o6wiaje a o’IeIdHBaIba Icoja cy
1capaKTepHcTH~Ha 3a cpemHHy lcojOj
liplinama.
CxoaTaIba 0 ‘InfifloflilMa pa3lioja
o npnpomH HIUIHBHJIyaJT110E pasnoja nooToje
jfle ocuoBne H Mel)yC0GHO onpe’ine T~3C — Ha
THIIHCTH’TKa H eMnIlpHcTH’1xa
CxnaTalbe Icoje HHIIHBHUYaJTHH pa3Boj 113TH
~irroreHe3y n,ymcKe jennnxe o6jaum~aBa
HCKJbYMHBO uacJTe~HHM ‘IHHH0UHMa H~3HB~
cc HATJABY,J3AM. Ho TOM cxnammy ypoJ3eHH
6HOJTOTITKH MCX~HH3MH On.ny’lyjy 0 CBHM bHT
HHM HHTamHMa pa3Boja nojenHHIta. Ogojmua
y KOJOJ MCI!BU je HeMohila ~a 13’ ólToJTomKy
npe)~o1(pe~eHOCT 311a’lajllnje JT3MCHK.
HacylipOT HaTHEH3M3’ je EMHHPPI3AM
cxBaTame no KojeM je opranH3aM ~e~e~a
caBpJlTeHO naiacm’ian, no)~o)IcaH CBHM upoTa
Ma CpC3THHCKHX yTnuaja. Axo je fleTe aj~pano,
CpCJIHHa ofl mera M0)Ice ma Ha’IHHH mm xohe.
Ho TOM cx~a~amy HHKO y TpenyTxy pol)cH3a He
nocemyje cBojcTBa Koja 611 ra yc~epanajia HJW
onpeMasana mace pa3BHja y nexoM onpel)eHoM
npanuy. flpaBaIt paz3noja OJlpcJ)yje cpemHITa,
cuecno 113114 C~MHM CROJUM nocTojalbeM.
H HaTHBH3~M H eMnHpH3aM, xa,aa ce noeMa
wajy omBojeno, y cyxo6y cy ca cTBapHouthy
mymcxor pa3noja. OCHOBHH paaiior TOM C3’KO-
6y Je jemnocwanoCT, HcxJby’THnocT jemHOr
cxnaTan,a y omnocy Ha fl~3’FO. CBaKa jemno
olpaHocT oTnapa nyT HcKpHBmaBaH,y cTnap
11OCT11.
Jenan oj~ HaMHHa31a ce oTxjlone JemHoCTpa
HocTH HaTHBH3Ma H CMUH~113M~ JecTe mace H
H~C31C2IHHM H C~CThHHCKHM ~nHHonHMa npn
nHme 3HaMajHa yaiora y noxperany H oGmHxo
naHy HHllHBHJjyaJTnor paaaoja. Taico je
nacTana no3naTa Teopuja zcoHneprernwje (B.
ifiTepu). Ho T0J TeopHjH llacJIebeM cy nate
npemudno3nuHje la pa3noj CIIOCOGIIOCTH H
mpyn~x oCoGHua nH’IHOCnT. Om me.uonaaa cpe
mane, on o~or mit ona npyxca xao ycaione H
noJi~cT14uaje 3a pa3BoJ, launcH xohe 3m cc no
cTOjeJIe llpeJiHCnOaiiIjHje paSBHTH y CTB~~HC
3IHCIIO3H1IHje, onHocHo y JTCHXII’IKe 4lyHKIjHje
H onpflcne oGjnijce nonamama. I-lay’ma
HcTpanGisaaa npyncajy o6nai,e ijolcatla ma je y
OGJTaCTH 1TCHXHMK0~ pa3llOja Teopaja xonnep
FCHI{Hje 3H~THO Bpejinnja On HaTHBHcTHMKe 14
eMnnpHcTrnuce Teopnje.
Hay’lHnuH xojn 1111 mpymTBeny cpemnny
1114 jemHnxy y pa3BOjy He cxnaTajy cTaTrnTno,
HacToje ~a no6ojbmalheM Teoplije xouepreH
naje pa3unjy TCO~HJ~ HHTCP8ICIJHJC. Y cpelu-rnH
y xojoj cc Omunja pa3BojnH TIpouec, 3’ KOjOj cc
BacnHTanajy Gpojne rellepauHje, onHrpauajy
Ce £IpymTBeHO-llcTOpIljCKe npoMeue. ~axjie, ne
pa3uHJa cc n ne Mema Ce CaMo J~1WHK~, nero CC
Men,a H cpen~ua 3’ xojoj ona onpacTa H xojoj
npana,ga UpeMa TeopHjH HnTepaxuHje y upo
uecy HnJn-IuHjiyannor pa3uoja npejlaMajy ce
opraHcxa (6nonomxa) H CPCJIHHCKa (npymme
nO-HCTOpHJclca) aGHuama To npeJlaMame Ce
npuencTueHo onpaMcaEa y a]cTnnaocTH je)~HH
ice, y n,enoj MHCaonOj H nparrH’moj nealaTno
CTH (31. BHT-OTCKH). Tpajna o6enexcja
JIH’IHOCTH H Telcyhe noHamathe cy, naxne,
HCXOJIH HnTepaxuHje nacJIe31HHx ‘lHnHJ1aJla,
)lpymTueno-HCTopIljcxHx npoMeHa H npoMena
y aKTHBH0CTH caMor nojeAmma.
EHodloinKa opralrn3arwja JL~flCK0F
ãiiha, 11~CKO c~pyrrypa 143 JCOjMX cc
cacToju, o5en6eflyje ~o~e~y JinnecHe
MoryhnocTfl 143714 ilpefl.ycjioBe ~a p33-
Ekije Mdlii YCBOjM pa3JlPl’fMTC O5JIJIKC
aoHaIJJama Koje aonazuame he HCfl
ocoUa 3axIcTapa3BiITz, ceMlcaliajepev
o HCKOJII4KO je,2wocmBrnIx peØfleKca,
.YBe~UHKO 3~EHCM 0,21 ~ora icaKo KOpli
CTH TC Moryhuocnz H KBJCBC cy 01(031-
nocrx~i HOR xcoj MM cc pa~~uja H
nyje.
OcuoliHu pa3BOj HH ripoixecn C)’ Ca
3~CB~ThC H ywme. OHM C)’ Mel)ycoôso
TecHo 170EC38HM, re je 5’ MHOFHM p33-
BOJHHM ilpoMeHaMa TeJJJIco YTBPAIITH
ifiTa je J’VPIHaK ca3peBaH~a a znra
y’rema
Y~emeM IlocTajeMo oua ocoGa icoja
JecMo ue cairn)’ colunjaJiHoM CMHC.IIy
Hero 5’ JICJIXOJIOLUKOM. HoreHhJHjasH
3a y’ieme cy opra~c~xi oizpeljeHH, aim’
cairn fleibe, icoje je )‘CJI0BJb~HO KyJI
TY~0M H arrx-rnHoLuhy jeax-IHKC, HO
B~~TH0 Redlyje ua tj)YIIKWIOHHC3FbC
opraHH3Ma, an ~ H i-ia uen mero~a
a~aroiicxa oãesexcja
Mario je orpaHwrema y aoTeHzwja
.irIIMa C8MOF 0~F~Hi43M~ iia jenHKa
23
~CBOJH 6HJIO icqisi BJIJZ TUJIPPIHO .Jbyfl- rLHTAItA H 3AJ1M411
CKGI’ JzOHaW2Fba 1 Kojit cy rIlanHil ~Cj~OBH nepanor CHOTCMa?
4a 6z II0JORJIHO ~ CTPYIC 2 OnmuaTe rna~He ynore nepH4epHOr Hepnnor vu
rype upey3eJTe CROJO CHCLrHcIJPPIHC oTeMa?
~yHscuHJe H ja 6n CpOAHHCKH ~~Wt- 3 KO~ cy rJUBNH ~eJIOEH MO3ra7
crswaJkf n-oxpenyJrn rzpoixece yvema, 4 ~ y.noraMa Koje ilMajy Well nojemHrnf J{CJIOBH,
HeolIxoArHa JO 11 .jTH’1H3 aKTHBHOCT J0 Mo,Iaana KOpa ye gCJIH Ha HeK0RHKO 30u3. Koje cy To
JWHJCO 4(00 TO aICTHEROCTH H3BHJJO 3j3
0r3WCTCHIKHJaJIHHX .uorpe6a JO,!WHKC
301C H K3KEC ynore uMajy?
S fliTajeTo, xeMnccpepHasIaTepanH3awfja? II. OCI-{OBH.E
a pea 113 CBCCTH 0 3H8.’Iafy BJIaCTIIT0P 6. HaBC~HTe manIC ~xneasie ca yHyrpaIfllLHM
anraxcosama y ~opMk1paIhy COilcTBO- JI~CWCM H Ha3ua9HTe Y ‘ICMy je yiioma cane o~i H,HX. ~[JCJ4)rJjL.{1r~
HO JIllVHOCTJ’I. 7.
34 O6jacHHTe
OBToFCHC34zna~ewe cne.gebnx
yramBu3ag TCpMHhla: flgoreuc
e3rnupu3aAc
8. Kaxo Teoplia Konneprernufie O6jaUllbaBfl HHflHBH
iiyannn pasnoj?
9 V ‘4eMy je ocuonna uneja Teopuje rnrrepaxwije?

Be x6a floxyulajTe na y MCnHUHHCKHM u3aOpHMa

npouateTe KapalcTepHcTwlne npHMCpe owTehen.a
Mo3raycJIegTponaWaHycfleA4fl43HIKHxnoEPC)~arJIa- 3. Ocehajil H onaxcajn
ne. IlOpa3rOnapnjTC 0 TIM npHMCpHMa Ha ‘iacy.
VKa*HTC Ha npeDeHTHBHe Mepe. 4 Y’ieme H naMheme
5 MHmmeme H CHOCO6HOCTH
6 EMOT.IHJe
7. MOTHBaLIHja
8. [IHTepecoBama, CT~BOBH H
BpeJJHOCTH

24

3. Ocehaju H ona~aju
‘{oneKje ~KTHB~H 3’ O)4H0C3’ Ha cpe)4H-
H)’)’ KOjOj ){CHBH. EJIeMeHTapHH BH)4 Te
aKTHBHOGTHje ycnoc~a~mame H GT~JJ
HO o~pzanaae opnjeln-azpije y npo
CTO~~ if lipeMeHy. 4~OK OMO 6y)4HiT, y
cEaKOM T~~H~TK)’ aHaMo r~e cMO, ulTa
BH)4HMO 01<0 ce6e, Icoje CTB~~H C)’ H~M
Ha )4OM~1( pyKe, )4a Jul je I4aH HJIH Hoh.
Kaico nocTajeMo CB~CHH Cnoje 01<0-
.IIHHe?
OCETIAJH
CBCT Koju uac o~pyzana BH)4HMo,
~yjeMo, )4O)4HpyjeMo, je)4HOM pe’ljy
—
oceTHMo. 3axnamyjyhH M~3IHHM opra
HHM~ H UtHTP~JIHOM H~~BH0M dllcTe
MY ca K0JHM C)’ noBe3aHH, 3’ cTaH,y
CMO zia ca3uaMo ulTa cc 36HBa y
Haiuoj OKOJUIHH H Y Ha~ueM opraHHa
M3’.
Ocehajn (OGeTH, CeHaauHje) fl~BH
C)’ KO~~K y casHajHoM npouecy. OHH
cc cacToje (1) 0)1 43H3HOJIOUHCUX npo
UeCa y M~JU1HM opral-IHMa, HC~BHHM
nyTeBHMa H Moxc,gaHHM U~HTPHM~ H
(2) Cy6JCKTHBHOF )4O)KHBJbaja IEHXO
nor xBanuTe~a, uJ-JTeH3HTeTa H Tpaja
ii,a. JanjsaH,e oceliaja ilMa T~H 4a3e:
HCPHiPCPHy (aIcTHnHocTn ‘lyJIHor Op
ra~a Ha lcojH )4ejlyje ~H3H9Ka eueprH
j a, )4pa)lc), IIPCHOCHJ’ (aKTHBHOCTH Y
H~~BHHM nyTenHMa) H isenrpajr~y
(Hpotjecpi y MOKI4aHHM UeHTPHMa).
Ka)4a )4O ‘iysia ~onpe oiironapajyha
4nlaHqKa eHeprHja, Y ibHM~ ~ano~rnty
cJloxeHH 6HoxeMHjcKu H 6noejiex-
T~H’IHH fl~30J4~CH — cTBapajy cc uep
26
BHH NMflyJLCIi icoje ~epn~a BilaxHa
npe~oce Y MOE)4aHe ueHTpe Ha npw
Mep, Gsiecaic cBeTJiocTH KOJH )4eJxyje
Ha ‘lyjic. BH)4~ He H~~HOCH ce ,gHpexT
Ho 3’ MOaalc H,eroBa eJIeKTpoMarHeT..
Ha e~epr~ja ce Y ‘I3’JTHOM opra~y
,,npeTnapa” Y eneKTpoxeMHJ cxy eHep
FHJ~ icoja cc IIYT~M H~~BHHX EJiaxaHa
y BH)43’ ~epnuor HMnyJica npe~ocn y
MOwcJ4aHe l4eHTpe
I~eHTpanHH npouecu o6pflyjy
np~cnene HHF0pMaUHJe H TyMa’le
H,HXOBO 3Ha’ieite CliecT 0 npHcycTBy
)4~~)KH H H,eHHM Oco6HHaMa (imp.
BpGTH, ja’rnHH) jec~e J4CXO)4 lleHTpaJi
HHX npoueca. BpeMe 0)4 no’leTIca )4e-
Jionama )4paXdH )4O npe)4y3HMaH,a HeRe
aicuHje 0)4 cTpaHe oco6e Ha3una cepe
azu4HoHo EpeMe. burro ce Mo)Ice pe
.JIaTHBH0 .naico H BeoMa npeuHsHo
MepHTH, pealcl4HoHo ~pe~e je )4paro-
~eH H3BO~ no~a~aica y npoy’lanaH,y
~~3J1H9HTHX HeYpOJIOUJKHX H KOFHH
THBHHX npoueca.
ICoauico npc~a oceTa UOCTOjU?
Join cc om ApHCTOTCJIa JEOBOpH 0 neT OCHOBHHX
‘lyJmHx MomaiffiTeTa — Bum)’, 011yX)’, MHpHcy,
YKYCY 11 momHpy. J~anac ce roBopH H 0 BeheM
Gpojy IynHHx MonaJIHTeTa KOjH cy ae3ami sa
axcTHunocT peuenTopa y KO)Ki4 H pa3HHM yuy
~q’amibHM TKHBHMa. Huxone HH4~opMauHje
iwajy ne~micy a,ganTHBHy BpemHocT, imp.
ocehaj TOHJIOTC HJffi xjiamnohe H ocehaj ôojia
cy durnaam ma je nowe6Ho HeinTo nomy3eTu
xa~o Git cc ompiana YHYWaUJJta paEHoTe)fca y
opl-aHH3My. MHore HH4OpMaJjHje xoje cc on
uoce Ha H~OM~H~ 3’ TKHBHMa H yHyTpamH,HM
OPP~HHM~ He flOCT~~~ ITpC11MCT cnecHor
moBcHIlJbaBaH,a. Ha upuMep, nopeMehaj Men
ôoamaMa nojemMHHx MaTepuja (imp. cojm,
mehepa, MaCfl! H ca) Mo)lce H3a3naTH xpo
HWIHH HemOcTaTaK flexor opraul4aMy noTpe6-
HOP cacTojxa MH HHCMO CBCCHH Top
H~flOCT~TK~ Ha Ha’mH Ha KOjH CMO CB~CHH 111141.
ma H~M je XJIamHO, ma c~o rJianHH, ma cc Ha
yJIH’IHOM IlpeJla3y yflaJiHulo 3eJieHo CBCTJTO.
flofleEM cc na ocHOBY nojaMallOr aneTllTa sa
11ojemfl’1° upcTC xpaHe MOIKC 3aKsby’1nTh In
i-nan’, ma je jiama
we6a aa HCKOM BpcTOM xpane noja’iaira. HIIaK,
~ ynyTP~”~ peryulaTOp JIMa orpaHH’Iell
moMet OcKymila mm HeaJIeKBaTiia Hcxpana,
noceGHO noule H~BHK~ Y HcXpaliH, oTeacanajy
Hull! caCl~M OHCMOPYhYjY IIJIP. cnOllTam4 upe
mc~ na xpaly GoraTy BHTar.mllHMa Kama Ce y
opraHH3MY nojaun noipe6a Ti
Y3 TO, T141114’IIIO je ma 11011 llOpMaJIllHM
OKOJULOCTHMa IIC OGpahaMO na~KIby JIM na OTEC
HwpOpMaIrnje 0 36JiuaHaiMa y opraiiH3My KOjO
cy mOCTYUJIG CBCCTH, Hull! TO ‘IMHI4MO ficOMa
peTKO it noupuhilO. TaKaB CraB je flCJIOM IIOCJIC
mmja ila’hiiIIa )IcHBOTa (cBa nalkiba je ycMCpeIIa
na cnoubaullba 3GHBaH,a, y cpemHIllTy na)Iuue
C)’ Hh{dJopMau~1J~ KOJO mOJIa3e 011 mMcliUlhIHX
‘lyuia) H BadnitTaiba (on Maumx Hory mpyulTBe
na cpemHHa HaM cnaxomndnHo ynpI4JlH’JyjC CII
Tyarnije Koje o~ Hac 3axTenajy ma Hay’IHMO
ucifiTmie ona,*can,a, onlicl4Balba H oneHilluama
CnOJh.aIIfiber nonafflalba, a peTKO HaM npyKa
nphlJIHKY ma pa3nl4jaMO ECLUTHUC ona,Kalha
oiior inTo cc 36m3a y hlailleM opraHH3My). V
llollMjC upe~c cy cc MemHw1Ira 14 ncHxoJlOrHJa
aalurrepccoBane 3a npeBaaIlJla)KcJIIC TC aCHMC
wHie~ flpoiiec moula)Kelba ma mr4lopManhlia 0
pam)’ yilyTpaliIlbHX opraila JIa3naH je SuoØwi
50K BHO4MI,116CK MOZ(e 6HTH 3achIoBaJI ira Ha
MepILOM ycpcmcpClpIBaIby na~ii,e ira ‘tynire
cHrHaulc KOjH mOJha3C 143 HojemmIax oprana
Hill! I5HXOBC GJIH3HILc HIll! Ha xopHnihemy
MephIHx HncTpyMelhaTa xojH IiOKa13yJy Hap.
BpcTy MoMcaaHHx Taulaca, cpMahIH pitTaM,
xpum4 upnmcahc, reMnepaTypy H Cii.
Hl.rrepcconaibe 3a 6~-ta4rnm6cK nouc3aHo je
ca noxylilajaMa paanHjalba nouliHe Kourponc
lIaJXpaIIoM nojemlibn-lx yHyTpalLnbl4x oprahl& V
ocHOBH flU noxyrnaja cc na.Jla2ll irclcoJhl4lcO
npaxTwmux H H~3’~IIHX MOTHB& Ha npHMcp,
xopnmhclbe caMOKOHTpOJle y TepanHicKe
cBpxe eMan,wno Git norppe6y ~a McmHKaMCIITH
Ma (xoju o&nno ilMajy H H3necHe HeramBne
yarpemile e4eKTe). Y3 TO, oco6a 6H Morma ma
KOnTpOmHfflC cBOjC pearonalbe Ha cTpCCHC Cl!
Tyalmie, ma cuoje opraHcKC 4>YHKW4Je ompMcaBa
3’ OIITHMhUIHHM rpaHHU~M~~ YcHOCTaBJbahte
caMoxoHrpo.ne Giimo 6a moxaa ma cc H oprail
cxa a6HBama xoja cy 11011 K0HTpOJIOM ayroHoM
hOE HepuHOr cHcTeMa MOP)’ MeI5aTH h1~T~M
y’helba.
Koje C)’ OCIIOBIIC oco6iiiie oce~a 110 KO
juMa cc pa3urnKyjy 30Jul11 oj~ mpyrnx?
OceliajH (HJIH oCeTH) icoje )4o)KHBma-
BaMO paaJIHKyjy cc npe cuera no CBOM
KBAJTPITETY Ocehaje ~yna BH)4a,
icao je)4aH noce6aH caMocBojHH
)40ZCHBJLajHH IBaJIHTeT, Hmcama Hehe
MO SaMeHHTH ~a ocehaj~ ~yna ciiyxa,
MI4pHCa, yicyca, )4o)4Hpa, ~~BHOT~)K~ H
c.u. To cy eJIeMeHTapHa ca~~aita Koja
He MOP)’ 6HTH )4ajbe pasuIo)IceHa H Icoja
CC H~ ~ory nyTeM oflHca HuH )4e4)HHH-
I~nje caonurrnrH HexoM 1<0 HX Hulca)4a
nHje Henocpe)4H0 )4oxcHBeo. Kaico
heTe onHcaTH ,,nnano” a icaico ,,EyTO”
ocoGH icoja je 0)4 pol)eaa cnena?
CBaKH ‘IyJIHH opra~ HM~ cBoje
0CeTHO HuN ceH3opHo noJlpy’lje.
YHy’rap cBaicor 0)4 THX nojjpy’lja Ta
ico1~e flocTOje pa3JIHKe 3’ KBaJIHTCTy.
Ha npnx~iep, y 06.riaCTH ~yira anita pa
3jlHIcyjeMo axpoMaTCKe (Geny, cHBy,
upHy) H xpoMaTcice (upBeHy, KyTy, se
JieHy, nnauy H my6H’IaCTy) Goje; y
oGnacTH qyjia enyxa pasJlHKyjeMo
UJ3’MOB~ ii snyice; y o6naCTH ‘Tyila y~-j’
cii paaJiHKyjeMo CliaHo, cnaTlco, FOpRO
H KHCCJIO. Me~y noje)4HHHM lcBannTe
THM~ ~H~T~P HCTe B4JCT~ ocera pa3slH-
ice MOF3’ 6HTH BeoMa H3pa3wre, ann H
CaCBHM HejacHe.
BawcHo o6enexcje ocehaja je RH
TEH3PIThT. RHTeH3HTeT ocehaja 3a-
BHCH 0)4 HH3~ OKOJIHOCTH, a npe cuera
0)4 ja’lHHC 4)H3HHKe )4~~XCH ~oja ra je
HaasBana. HajMama )4paK icoja je
yonuiTe y cTaay )4a HaasoBe noj any
oceTa sone ce foaM irpar’ ,npaxcIJ.
HpnpamTaj ja’IHHe ~paxcn icojn j e no
Tpe6aH ga 6n Hsa3nao jeJIBa upuMeT
H~j pasnHlcy y HHTeHSHTeTY oceTa
27

sone ce ITp&J’ paassvce ann ,zwØepdil
l.WjaJIHw jipar Kaj~a name noBehaH,e
ja’mHe I~pa1dH HHJe npaheuo n npo
MCH~M~ 3’ ja’WHH oceTa, ROCTHFHYT j e
ropap, apar .apaxcu. ROThH H FO~ILH
npar ~pa~xn aOBy ce JOIIJ H ~J7COJI~Till-I
ilparOBH,UpaXCH.
HopeR jaqnHe 4111311’zKe )lpa*11, na HHTeH
3I4TeT ocehaja y~n’xe mnpnna mejionan,a
IlpaKIi, Tj. GpOj H~~BHHX 3anpmeTaxa 3’ ‘fy31-
11GM oprairy xojH cy 3axnaheIIn npawemeM. Pa
3JIIflHTje HHTCH3IITCT ocehaja XJla,flHora aKO y
BOIl)’ CaMO aaKopa’mMo 113111 3’ IhOj 3aruIHnaMO.
TPAJAH,E ocebaja yrnanhroM 3~BHCH On
‘rpajaaa npaxn. Byxy Gymn.nrnje ~yjeMo one
210K He npecTaHe. raIIIeH,e cnerjia Hohy
,,wcxmy~yje” one BH31HC ocehaje. Bpno je
311a’Iajna nojana a,nam-awife Ha npazcH Koje ~y
ro waiy. AaanTauaja M0)K~ 611TH nepH4epl[a
(Hnp. upoMeHe 3’ OKy 11~H Il~)K~M GOpaBKy y
3aMpaMeHoj flpOCTOpHjH 113111 Ha ja~oj CBCT.T1O-
cm) H ueHwairna (imp. Ollajialbe ITa)KHe 113111
HHrepeconaa,a sa Hexy npa)lc nononil no Tora
na ocebaj ry6n Ha NHTeH3HTCTy H~K0 HHje Ha
onna npo~eHa y IIHTCH3HTeTy caMe npaxrn,
T~KO TOKOM ‘IHTaH,a one osza6nje Jana,KaMo My
3)4K)’ xoja lIOIIHpe 113 OKOJIHHe).
JIOKAJJH3ALLHJA H3BOPA J~PA)ICH je
cnojomo xoje cpeheMo EOn ChilE BpCTa ocehaja.
He ca~o jia 3aTnopeHnx oMHjy MO)K~M0 pehn
Ha KOJH i*eo Tena je Hnp. cnyiiiTeH X31~.U~H Me
ThJIHH JIPeIRMeT, Heron )la.T111 3Byu11 nOIIHpy Ca
ropmer dnpaTa, .na Jul MHpHc nO.na3H xpo3 npa
Ta 142111 Kp03 flpO3O~ H 021. HpeuH3Hocr iloKa
JIn3aIlHje je pasnn’rnTa ia paanwrHTe ‘lyJiHe
MOZaJII4TCTC H flOfl paa.nwrnTHM 01(0311100TH-
Ma.
A’VEICrHEHJ4 TOH je peaiuurja xoja npam
CBaKH ocehaj. rioxazyjeMo TeHJleHuHjy in
KH flO)KiUhJLaj Ha K0jH o6pamMo naway one
UNMO no npHjaTaH HJIH HenpHjaTaH, yronaH
mm HeyroJlaH. H3Meby Rn npnMepxa HCTO~
Monena 6HpaMo onaj KOjH ThO)KHBJbaBaMo no
MOi~c31 ,,nenme” 143W ,,npnjamnje” 6oje.
Ocehaju C)’ OCRaDEle HigbOpMauHje
o ocoCgjjar,ja oUjeit-ara H 361-mama y
CIJOJLaLUEbOj CPCRHHH H CRMOM opra
28
F-
H113My. 4o miii 21011&3HMO 3axBaJLy-
jyhif ICOOPATHHJICBJIQM P8.217 %YJIHHX
opraHa, aepH(bepilor H 11’CHTpaJIHor
HC~BHOF CHCTCM&
OHANCAJH
Ocehajn mm ce~~aj~nje oj~r-ioce cc i-ia
flojeRHHa CBOjCTBa Him KBaJIHTeTe
npe~~e~a H s6nnama y Hausoj oxoim
Ha lou HOPMaJIHHM OKOJIHOCTMMa
cnaicoJ~HeBHor )KHBoTa MM MX HMCMO
CBeCHH y 1LHXOBOM ,,UMCTOM”, Tj. ‘iy.ii
11GM HuH ceH3opHoM DHJ~y. OHM 03’
ynex ,,yrpabenn” y onaxcaj ~exor
npe.gMeTa ann 36nna1-La, .geo cy uejm
He Koja MM ;aaje 3Ha’ieH,e. Mn HC Bit
RHMO ,,nuano” no ,,CMpoBH” H
HSOJIOBaHH noRaTax 0 ~eny Hauier Bit
33’OJIHOF noma, no ca~oc~a~a~
ca,gpnj, Hero ra yneic BMRHMO xao
je~Ho OL~ CBOjCTaBa OGjeKTa KOjH 3a
Inc ii~a o.gpel)eHo 31-raqeae. Ha npit
Mep, BMRHMO 1~a JO ayTo6yc nuane Go
je, ~a Hanla canyTHHt~a MMa ninny
TpaK3’ 3’ KOCH, aim nit ~‘jeg~o~
csiy’iajy He BMgHMo ,,nnano” no ca
M00TaJJaH nepuenTHuHil O6jeKaT. L~o
noprn o ocehajy xao eneMenTapnoj H
noce6Hoj nCMXH’IKOj nojaBit flOJIaSM
MO T~K aHaJIn3oM, pam’{flH,aflameM
ollaxcaja.
On’axcaj je czcjrojz oprarnrnonai’nix
nrnJiopMaLrHja 0 IIpesJMeTy 7 IICJIHRH,
a ocehaj je H3fiBojeHn RCO .irn~bopMa
IJHJ8 0 JC,1JIIOM CBOjCTB7 rar up CAIMC
ra
Kmy~cmo nnTan,e je: xaxo HacTaje
onaxcaj?
)~onomno je ga GauMMo norileR Ha
YJIHUY ga 6McMO y ~T0M TpeHy BMJ~e
sin npoiiaslnnce, icyhe, no3aaa, myge
Kojit pasronapajy, OToje npe~ wino
3HMa N oiL Kaga je pe~ 0 npegMeTHMa
H 36HBaH,MMa 3’ HameM cBalcogHeB
JiOM, yo6n’IaieHOM o~py~iceH,y, mm
~icaj c~ jaBuba 6p30, cnoHTal-Io, 6es
y.naraHa noce6nor nanopa
QnaicaJ JO 0310)1(011 JjO)KMBJE~J OH
j4acTaje noBe3MBan~eM cuponor uyJI
HoP MaTepl4jana H paHfljer HCK~CTB~
y cMucaoHy IIOJTHHY — y gO)KMBThaj
jegHor onpelienor npegMeTa, oco6e,
nocTynKa 113111 goratlaja. llocTojn
nuu~1e o6jami-izei+.a icaico ce TaJ rrpouec
nofle3HBaHa og~rpaaa JegHo, cTapu
jo, gona3H O~ IIOJMcI CJICMCHTØ 113111
oCHoBhIC j eTjFIHHgC OTla)IcaJ HacTaj 0
Talco 1J.ITO CC H3Meliy ocehaja (e.neMe
mrra) ycnocranma ne~a HJmi acowija
tiBia ,LT~ua 143111 nmue ‘JyulHI4x 3’THCaKa
21o,KFiBmaBaMo xao gejii~~y caMo yKo
31111(0 CC Meby 1bMM~ 3’CEIOCTaBI4 BC3J
Be3a Ce ~ouce 3’C11OCT~B14TH Ha OCHOB~
CJIHtIHOCTI4, K0HT~~CT~ H ~ 3’
EpeMeHy (enege jegan gpyror) 113W y
npooTOpy (Hana3e Ce jCAaH nopeg
gpyror). ,B~pyro, nonnje, nona3u og
nojMa rCLUTEJITa 113111 L~enHHC. CBaIcn
HclcycTBeHH OGjeKaT (imp. cjn-nca,
npegMeT, oco6a, gorabaj) neh je opra
HH3OR8Ha ~eim1na. On ne npegc~a~ma
npoH3BOJbaH CKY1I gpaxcu, Hero o6pa-
3au ypetleHHx gpalcn. Maxo cc cacTo
jil 113
J1Cjl0B~, ~CJ1HH~ HMIGIREI Hl4jC
IXpOCTO H,MXOB 36Hp. OHa nocegyje
chojoTna Koja HFIC3’ 14 cnojcTBa meniix
gejiona. Ono LUTO npBeHCTBeHo
Ofl~)K~MO 1(021 HCKOF npegMeTa, oco6e
113111 36HBaH,a je 3’11p~BO Ta LLCJI0BI-
TOCT. Axo o6paTHMo na~cmy caMo na
ogpfleHn geo o6jerra, grip. caMo na
nnge oco6e Koja cegu npeico ny-i-a nac,
c~napa Ce HOBH nepLIeflTMBHhi 01CB14~
KOjM oneT riosia3n O~ KpHTepHjyM~ lie
31111-Ic. Onaicaj nnLja oco6e nnje s6np
orra)fcaja rIOJCRHHHX geno~a nero je
To npno onaicaj ue.nHne imga, a ol-iga
CBCHT3’~JIHO nojegHHnx geiiona 11 ThH
xonor 21OTIP11HOC~ TOj fleJfllHN. O6a
cxBaTama cy H ganac y onTmxajy.
llpBo (acouHjaunoHncTurnco) go6po
o6jammana yjiory y’iema y onaican,y,
a gpyro (renrranTncTwlxo) goGpo o6-
jamaaBa ynory saxmy’mnama y
onazamy.
Hcnxono3n cy YTBPRHJ1H winecne
flPHHUHflC KOjit 03’ 3’ OcHOBM oprann
3oBaH,a gpa,icn y ocuonne HCK3’CTBCHe
uennHe, 3’ onaxaje. Ha ~op~npame
onazaja 3’TWIC H nejmicn Gpoj ‘IHHH
jiaga Be3aHHX Ia JIIPIHOOT ocoGe Icoja
onaxca 11 aa cnTyagnjy 3’ xojOj cc
ona>xame ognrpana. Mehy THM
‘rnHHouHMa cy: panHje HcKyOTBO, MO
TliBagija, H OflhIflO IICHXc4H3H’IKO
c~ame oco6e.
HPHHJJMTII1 OPFAHH3AflHJE
OHAXAJA
Cesxenijnja, adnMHnaunja, CJ1H’IHOCT H
R0HT~~CT
OcHonHa pealcunja na MHOUITBO HH
d2opMaunjao gpa)xnMa Icoje geJIyjyHa
naum ~yjia jOCT0 ceileIciji-Ija H~H 113-
&op izpaxui. OHa cc cacTojH y aaner~ia
pnBamyje~HnX H ynaxcanamy gpyrnx
Hnd2opMauHja. CJIH’IHO MHd2opMaIiHje
Ce acHMnJuupajy, CT8H~~7 CC j~flHC ca
JIPYJ’HMa H MH HX go~xnnmana~o no
jegny HHd)opMaIWjy. Hn4rnpMauHje
ICOjO Ce OIJ1T~O pa3JInxyjy, KOje cy y
KOHT~8CT7 ca OCTaJIT-IM HHc~opMauHj a-
Ma, OCTaJy OJlBOjeHe, itagn4~epeniju-
paHe. Hojana xon~pao~a y6p3ana
npouece ceulexuuje H aoI-IMariaunje.
Sm’ypa n no3aglula
AdHMallaunja H KOHT~~CT ~OB0~Xe 210
janmama HajjegHocTannHje nepuen
TIIBHC opranHaaunje —210 pa3imxona-
ma ~rnrype it lroaaswHe. clfltrypa je
onaj geo ona)Icaj HOP no.rba KOjH Ce na
Mehe OBOjOM ogpetjeHOuIhy, ‘1Rpm-
29
MM opraHH3awljoM. Hoaaj~w-ia je JUT ic~ampa~ BH~HMO icao 4~Hrypy na
cna6uje CTPYKTYPHC~H~ H j~eJiyje U~HOJ OB~J1HOJ nosa~HHH HaICO HeMa
~~JI~BHOM HeompeteHo. ~~rypa KOHT~~~ OJwoo4rnrypa—nosa~HHaJe
,,npucnaja” IcOHTypy, H~KO je ona aa CTB~~ opraHFI3auaJe ueJioxynHor
jegHH~Ka rpa~~i~a HaMetly no3a~HHe onazajnor noma a He Gnno Ko~er HO-
H 4nirype. Ha CJH1LU’I 3.1 JWHHJa xoja JemHHaMHor ‘IHHHOUa
oHBwIaBa fl~HO nome ,,npuna)ja” TOM
nomy a ~e no3aJ~MHH. Ha ojinun 3.2 BnhI3HHa 3’ HPOCTO~~ H ~pe~euy
BH)UIMO CJIOBO E naico My Bell!! ~eo
Hpocrnopua u s~e~teuc~a 6.au3ima ~
— npeHMYhCTBa
K0HT~~C He)~ocTaje. Ha CJ!HUH 3.3 6e-
BaZcHH HHHH01~H opraHH3oBaH,a
onawcaj~or noma Pem flbHF~ Ha nosni-
~E~EEE~Er—-~
u~ onaxcaMo icao ~eim~y OJIHOCY Ha
octane pemo~e H mpyre CTB~~H y upo-
—~ CTO~~ HCTOBpeMeHH ~pecax ~ H
c~
nam icu~nre ca noimue onazaMo icao je-
mHHCTBeH j~ora1~aj H o6paTHo icanre
a3HheMO icao iie~rnny Y BnaKHOM 0 0000 0 000 00 00000 000
0 0 0000 00000 00 000 000
eCICY flaKO npeno3iiajeMo ~paro~e 0 00000 000 00 00 000 000
nexofluKo oco6a Him )KHBOTHTha xoje 0 00000 000 0000 000 000
O 0 0000 00 0 000 0 000000
~y ce icpeTane ynopemO, K~~)1CHO HJIH 00 0000 000 000000 0000
00 0000 00 0000 000 00 00
yHaKPCH° OTHC!.W ThHXOBHX cTonaJIa 0000000000000000000
~ necicy UMaJy CBOJCTBO jxo6por npaB oooooooo ooooooooooo
000000000oo00000o 00
0000000000000000000
0000000000000000000
(2) 3aJeRHH~Ka cyJrfinHa maBa}-be 0000000000 0000000 0 0
00000000000 00000000
0000000000000000000
OHHMICOJH
rIaEajHOM HOJb3’ eneMenTilMa
ce icpehy yy
CiufKa 3.6: CffMCTpWiiia 4nirypa
UCTOM npaBuy Ha cjm~n 35 HH3 OSlO 0000000000000000
000000 00 0000 0000
na H H113 6poj eBa ce~y ce nom TI~~BHM 0000000000000000
.v rJIOM Aico je npanau nOcMaTpaH~a
00000000 000 00 00 0
0000000000000000
8oJ~opaBaH, 3ajemHn~ldH efleMeHaT 3’ 0000000000 00 0000
00000000 00 000000
Ta ~jBa HH3a onasnheMo Kao OSIOBO, j ep 0000000000000000
00 0000 00000000 0 0
TOM HH3Y OEM ocTaim e.neMennI cy 00000 00 0000000 00
Y Aico IIOCMaTpaMO BC~THK~JIHH 0 0000 0 00000 000 0 0
000000 0000 00 00 00

~z
~
Ha HOJIHUH H icit~re Ha oTOSly, 115tH
Tpecaic ~pa~a WI npe noija caTa H M~-
sIonpflawaH nam lca,Hre HeheMo
jJ1J3 3aJeJIHH~KH eneMeHaT oEm
3Hhl~MO icao Gpoj, jep ce Taj HITS C~CTO
jH 113 6pojeBa
0000000000000000
0000 00000000 000 0
0000000000000000
Cjmzca3.7: AC;fMerpsnHa Øurypa
CHOHT~HO ona3HTH icao ~eiiHue.
Cinixa 3.1: ~flpucaajaJhe” KOJITYPC (4) 3arBapame: mpax~ icoje OMO

,L~o6pa4opMa
ryhyjy ma ce mo6uje 3~TBO~CH~ upa
BITSIHa 4mrypa 6ithe ona)lceHe no
)~paadH icoje oGpaSyjy HpaBHJIH3’ ~H l~e-1iiiHa. Kama HOCM~T~~MO yjjai~e~e
rypy Ona~~caMo icao ILCJIHHY IIOCTOJH o6jelcTe, MecTo HX BHmHMO no ma 4rnp-
HeKOJIHKO dneuH4JH~HHx cny’rnjena Milpajy H~~BHJIHC reoMeTpnjcxe CJIH
,‘ioUpe cJiopMe. ice TpoyrnoBe, icEampaTe, npaBoyrao
—

(1) ,L(oJap izpa~ait mpaxc~ icoje Taxo

cToje je~~a Y3 ~33’F3’ 1W ~
S ~e HHIC~ KpyroBe.

npa~y JIHHHJ3’ HuH jac~y xpHay.rby

ta ‘Pt ‘Pt ‘Pt ‘Pt

Cnuxa 3.2: 4cguMwma Ken Typa

N ‘P ‘P
‘P ‘Pt

S
V 1. ‘P ‘Pt ‘Pt
/ ‘P ‘Pt
\ /
\ _______ ‘P ‘P ‘P ‘P ‘P ‘P ‘Pt ‘Pt ‘Pt ‘Pt

V —l
\ ~ I -~ (a) (6)

Cijuxa 3.3: Ecirn KBB.ZAP3T Ce 0118K3 *30 ~urypa
uciipejj tip UC cessna Øurype Koja gao wi cc
ncape*unno itpOCTupe Intl IL
Cituga 3.5: 3aj ciiuwiKa cynCnna CJIUK& 3.8: 3aTBapane~ xcii cu urypaisuja (a) onaKa Ce
I *30 ~poyrao a xoujuurypaijiija (6) xac
(3) CHMCTpI-IJa- pacnopem apazcH 3’ ~ uwcofeyoCaefleMetihilMa
Me!)yco Cue HCIIOBC38FIUM cJi~aJa pave
O~H0CY Ha 3aMHuIJbeHy ocy onaAcaj
Hor HOJE~ )IOUPHHOCH HHXOBOJ cliMe- OnHcanH H npyni nplTHWTlIH opraHn3ona-
TpH’JHOCTH. AKO je H3JJ~3HT~ Gusto Ha onalcaja uamurn cy nenmcy iIpHMeHy y BK
cHMeTpHMHOcT HuH adHMeTpH~HocT, 3~CJlHHM yMemoeTHMa, na H 3’ H3paJlH
Cguga 3.4: AT°~~p npaaaij gpa)KH he ce ona)xcaTH no ueJmHa. nnaicara H OIIpCMH KThKF~ 143 o6iiacm 3apan-

30 31

OTBCIIOF npocuelmnaiia J~a 6n Ce ujiaxaT 113111
KThHflT nemitaJii{ y MIIOIIITBy npyrnx, 31H3aJ
TICP nacToift 1W MM LW InTO nrnIaMwnmJH
ona~ajna ca31p~aj Kopncm xoirrpacr, 6nn
31111)’, CJ1H’UIOOT, uprnunme no6pe cj)opMe Haj
3’IILHMJEHBHJH pe3ynTaTn CC LIOGHJ)’ xana cc
oc~~apn cyxo6 npmnmna oHa>xajnor rpym4-
caH,a. Ha ~aj na’mH HacTajy i~pane oHa)xajHc
,,aaroueTxe , npwie H, npaMe
Pailhije HCK~CTBO
PaHHJ e HCK~CTB0 ~aje CMHCa0 01-hoMe
HITO cairn C~3H~J dM0 11YTCM HamHx
~yiia. HMCMeH ‘loBex he C ilalcohoM pa-
3iTHICOB~TH 11JJ~BH TeKCT 0)~ 11p0u3-
B0JT,He IcoM6HuaLJHJe cnoBa icoja 0110-
i-iauia BH33’CJIHC OCO6HHC TCICCT4 He-
nHcMei-ia oco6a he y o6a c.ny’iaja ~
3aKTh3”lHTH irn je ,,HelnTo HanMCaHo”.
i— ~ Oco6e KOJHM CMO HaKnOH~ern4 (npeMa ito
j P
fLJ~1H WE
MAJKA ‘t1UEkE1WL~3flB~B1bA
(5)
OflKHH Phll~ OOflY~
(bLJ
C~11Ka 3.9: PaHxtje HcKycTBo: (a) guy cHosa i4ui 11MG
sluG ‘jeme, 1111KV jefiflo CUOEQ Hegocraje Af0)K~Al0
~ CHaAcHa 3almTepeconaHocT 3a HCKC cTBapH
HosHaBaH>asHa~emape’111,ycHerulgayoquluoKoJà
crioula apurnaflafvKojojpe’uuuuf,qa izpc quirasuo
pe’leHHgy Koja HOUJC nosHara oqpaHus-je; (a) HEY
CR01311 KOJH Buisyeiiuo ulAfETJfpa pe~eHHqy, ~
HeMa RJIK11KBO 31111 ‘JelLe, npejjxogHo lICK ‘CTBO HGM He
Mo~Ke 110110)111 (ycTRapif, ysera cycuoBaucojuw
Ho’lHmypeveHufu(eyaocnegmeMuacycy
ulpe,gxoflHoTHy/jaa nacyca oaorogejhKaj
Oco6e KOjd nocije ycnem~e onepa-
uHje o’injy npor.ne~ajy no 11~BH nfl y
)KHBOT 11 BO B CMd npe~MeTe npe-
11O3H~j3’ Ha OCHOB3’ 2i~O~HPa One nn-
3~CJIHO yo’IaBaj 3’ j~a j e Heul:o ~
mHMa, aiiu He M0~~ ~a ,,BH~e mm j
TO CBC fOX Hd OnHnajy. florpe6no HM
j e J~eceTaic ~a~a nexc6awa ~a caMo GH
Ha OCHOB3’ ~yiia BH)X~ npeno~~ane
npeji~e~e icojH ce Hanase 01w mi-ix. Y
TOK)’ paHlljer yqewa 3na9ewe flpefl-
32
MCTa J e floCTaJIo CBOJ CTBO X~OW4pa, Ho-
13MM y~eH2eM OHO 11OCTOJ~ H CBOJCTBO
uubewa
MoTliBaulija
MOTHEM, Bpe,aHOCT4 CTaBOBII, MuTe
peconaaa H ~pyre ~paj~e ~HHaMHqK~
OCOGHHe JJH’IHOCTH YTH~~ Ha ona-
>xawe OHHx o6JeKaTa, CHTY~UHJ~ fl
3GHBama C KOJHM ey y HeKoj ne3H Ha
npHMep, oco6e K0~ icojux j e u~pa~en
MOTHB nocTHrHyha Gpice onaxcajy c~e
OHO IIITO je HHCTpyMeHTaJIHO 3a no
CTH3aH,e ycnexa icojeM Telce (HHp.
C110~THCT~ y HeII03HaT0M MeCT3’ yoga-
Ba CTa~HOHe, npox~aBHHL~e dnopTcice.
onpeMe, peicna~e 3a yTalcMnI~e, CT~
iICHT IcwH)ICCBHOCTH yo’iaBa IcwHxcape,
6H6JlHoTeIce, ‘IHTaOHHge H cii.).
JHM HMaMO UO3HTHBaH CTaB) onaw<aMo BMWHM~
CKJIMHHJC rpflenHM, 11pHnJia’in}fj)4M H HHTC-
JIHECHTHHJHM Hero InTO TO OHC 3~J{CT~ Jec~.
Cynponie onaxaj~e npucTpacHocTn cc janxba-
jy fipH npoIieibHnaH,y ocobanpeMaKOJHM ~
MO HeraTHnaH Cnn.
y6p3afla H l43OUiTpana 3afla)KaH,e Ti-tX cT]lapH.
Y jeimOM orneny cy na dneirnjanHoM ypeliajy
BPflO KP~TK0 HsiiaraHe HojCnHHame PC’iH KOJC
cc 031110cc na 110~M0B~ 143 nayxe, yMeT)locTi,
. . . ~ LI) -.
IIOJiHTHKC, C1(OHOMHJC 1-1 cii. YTEpIICHO je na JC
HcnnTaHmmMa 6IIJIO 110TPC6H0 xpahe EpeMe
na6n npo’mTaim One pe’m xoje cy 143 oGnacTH
~a xojc cc nHTepecyjy Hero 3ape’m xoje cy H3
o6nac-ni KOJC MM HMc3’ HMTePCcaMTHC.
Ymuaju 11C11X04)li3wncor CTaJLa Ha
ona,KaH,e
TOKOM .fana HJIH ,fyKHJC riep~o~a J~o-
na3H ~o npo~eHe 3’ ncHxo4rnawhlcoM
CT~1B3’ oco6e. Oco6a MoIce ~a fl0CT~H~
yMopHa, j~a onnaji~~, j~a ce om-ije an-
KoxonoM, ~a npo~e~n eMouHoHajIHo
.::•
n e Mor
paCrI0flO>~~ H Cii i4)OM~H Y mana BpTorJlanmzy 113111 ryGHmK panHote)lce
5~jTH H ~paj HHJ C, icao IIITO J e 10 .Y
0jjy~aJy 6OJICCTH, TeEHX nopeMenaja
0oullJaflHMx 0JIi1OC~ H Cii CBe TC flPO
Mdlle Ce y H3BdCHOJ MC~H oyI~pa)1caBaJy
v oIia)ICaH~Y 4H3H’IKHX H COLIHJ aJTHHX
~51eKaTa
YMOPIIOM ‘becKy npnnpeMeno onaRa ‘b)’JF~
11aOCCTJEHR0CT, onaKajIIe CH000GHOCIH cjia6e
)~pa)*cn M0P~JY HM~TH nehu HIITCII3IITCT yia 6n
~ yo’mo, jep je ilpar OcCTJbHBOCTH 110CT~0
anuifl ha flpHMCp, axo ‘mm, cnona rye
ourrpinly j~enonn cc cTaiiajy, reecyjy
naAm’y na CTEapH KOJC ornwija
ITpH)UIH11H CHOUMca)L)Ka ~ we Moryhe je pa3JIHK0BaTH ~Ba
TeACeThO.T)WICJIOP yan~ai~a ajiKoxoJfl 310
eoTh~ no ry6wrxa cnoco6nocm jacllor H fipe-
~ onawaba flojejmHH HapKOTh4IJH
fl3~Hflajy my6oxe upoMene y onaxalby C110
mamIbe H opraHcKC peaimocTH Te npoMeHe
o6wnio iiitmeaanajy noclie )ICKOJIHKO
ann axo oco6a ‘ICOTO ceGe ~IOB0nH y y Ha Toj B~CTH CII0CO6HOCTH flONHB~J~
dnoco6)LocTHona)Ka):TecCrn~oMm1e neoMa
H saxTeinjy nyroTpaJno
JIC’ie)bC oTxnalbaJy
3flp~CTneHe TC)IIKOhC TaKOJIC Moi-y WI
yTn’Iy Ha ona)Kaibe. floja’iana cc OceTiblillOcT
na nnancH KOjC cy 3’ )IC3H ca O6OJbelbCM, H
flOJ)~3H 310 onancalba” o6jexaTa H nojana
~ TOM MOMeUTy nncy npncyiHe 113114 ~oje
~ mocroje (nap. y rpO3I[HUH, xojt jaxnx 6oiio-
na, HarJiHX npoMena EpuHor npHTHcxa,
oceiiama MflHHILC ii cii.).
Teim nop eMehajI4 onaXcalba MOry 611TH 110-
cjieJiHIja npHBpCMCHHX 143114 Tpajil 1y
xi~HOnannax upoMena y ‘iyJmHM OpflhIHMa,
t: Hepn}mM nyTenaMa n Mo9a)mM ~
~; TaKaB nopeMehaj cY afl1O3HJ~ One cy nocne-
gmia MoIcaaHnx nOpeMehaja, a Mory Ce HcriO-
JEHTH y cnHM onawcajno-ca3najnlIM o6na-
cTI4Ma Arnonuja je HeMorylinocT WI CC
OnanceHOnone)nec)HJH
I cxc, aim 3’ 1EHM~ HC yo~ana lmxaxno 3na’ECH,e,
He npCnO3HajC xOjl npeJIMeT 14.1111 xoja oco6aje
I npcj~ ThOM. Xajiyiwiiaw,jc cy oceTH H Onancajn
KOjH Hacrajy 6e3 31enonalba dnOmalmbe JIpaKH.
I ILWHJCHT HC ~na ~a je o6i~Ia1yT, OH ¶IP. BHIIH
onpeteHe IIpC31MCTC, ‘iyje rnacoBe xoju HC1LIIO
caomllTaBaJy, OCCTH MH~HCC H yKyCC, 310)1(118
XanymmaItHJe cy ‘iecTo none3aHe ca 3a5JIyRa-
~ TJ caHorpeuJnuMynepen.HManneponan~H
Ma KOja Cy y CyBp0TH0CTH ca o’mr.ueJumM
‘mibemluaMa.
TTPPTTE1ITMBHE C11OCOEHOCTH
1{yJIHa QCeTJbHB0CT H ona)Kame gojia
3C )~O nspa~~aj a y ~~3HHM JEygCKHM
aICTHEHOCTHMa. EyJIyhH ~a Mety Thy
~ nocToje 3HaTHe HH~HB1V~Y~i1HC
~~3JIHKC 3’ e4HIKaCHOCTH Ona)KaH,a, ro
BO~H Ce 0 C11OCO6HOCTHMa 3~ ~iflE~
rjiaBHa THna nepUenTHBHHX cnoco6-
HOCTH.
Kaga je flC~I~dflTHBH~ aIcTHBH0cT
fl~BdHCTBCH0 yc~epe~a Ha KOHT~OJ1~
~ Koop,HMHaw4Jy 17OKP~T14 F0B0~HMO
0 CeH30-MOTOPHJ4M CnOCO5HOCTHMa
r~rnore BeUITHHe H yMewa, Hnp unca
we upTame, saHaTcicH H 3’MCTHH
py4HH pa~ ca ~~3HHM anaTaMa;
THM: xoj~ame, rhJJHBaae, CICHJ awe,
Hrpame JIOUTOM, njiec, GaneT.
OCT
Ka~a j e nepIlenTHBHa aKTHBH
11~B~HCTBCH0 yc~epe~a Ha yrnilyame
pa3JIM’TMTMX R~CT8 QAHO J
CTOJC xviii cyMoryhnMel)y eJICMCHTM
Ma rIepLtellTMBHOT’ IIWig ~OB0~HMO 0
~ “erxTjsBHuM ç$KTOPJIMa uuTejili
reHL(Mje. Kao HHTeJICKTyaJIHH 4)aKTop
nepuenTaRna cn0C0GH0CT iLoiIa3H ~o
axca’ a Hnp y peulaBawy Hajpa
H3~ oHcTnvKToncicHx npo6-
3JIH’{HTHjHX K am
ner~ta, Gnno ~a je pe’i 0 flpOjeKTOBy
rpateBnHa, ilyTeBa, MocToBa,
npojeKToBaIbyMaUJHHa, pasnflXana
HOBHX M0)~ena HaMefflTaj a, o,gehe,
o6yi-ien cii. aKnTBHOcTH, xaxne Ha31aSHMO
imp. y apXHTCKTYpH Mm y ~mpypri4jH,
aarre~ajy o6a mna nepuenni-emix cnoco6no-
33
 en!. HocToje, MeI)yTHM 3Irame paznHKe Meijy 31pMcalbau iicxaaampyre ocoGe, mym~ ynerc.na
BpcTe nor~aTaIca y3ajaMH0CT onantaiba oco6a
sbynnMa y noriieny crencira pa3flHjenocTH jei~ eToje ma aaxmy’le xaxo MX JO T~ npyra ocoGa
1{or HuH i~yror THHa nepuenTninnix cnoco6- anmeufa, icaxay Jo cumxy 0 aima cTnopuna.
HOOTH. BHOOKO I-npaKelra ceH3o MOTOpHa Kaaa aHarn-l3HpaMo npo~ec ona~Kam~ onazame oco6a je OCHOBI-fi-! BWIX Go Oco6a Ace ,,orjiema” y oco6n B, aim H oco6a B
CH~CTH0CT He nOnpa3yMena Hyx<uo na Jo y oco6a, BHThHMO y~a H T~ flocToje 0110- ~njaJiHe HHTepaKLIHie. HomTo i-inTe y ocoGnA. JSymn He Tpa)Ke ,,oruiemauio” y Gnsro
HCTOJ MCpH pa3nHjeH H TICPUCHTHBHH MUTe Jbamme zzpaxcH Koje Thenyjy na itama paxuflia flex ilMa BelcH UHJL, CJI)’NCH KoMe. InTo Jo mpyra oco6a 3Ha’lajHHJa, iuro Jo
‘iy.na. Oco6e HMajy 11H3 d~H3HqKHx
JTCKT3’aJIHH 4)axTop. HcTo raxo, oco6a xoja y 1-1eqeMy, TO je H npoixec y3ajaMnor Ba>KHnja 3a ocTnapeae 31H’lHHX gnubena, inTo
BHcOKOM crene~y nocenyje CIJ000GHOCT cuojeTaBa, xcao m~o C)’ utip. BHcnna, 0naEaH~a 110Th yTHuajeM Tor gHma H Jo y cpemHHH yruIemHHja n cm., To J0 neponar
yBHl)alba onuoca Mfly nepueflTHnhrnM one Goja xo,xe, xoce, oMHjy, Goj a Hj a’mna oxo.nnocTH 110Th KOjHM cc ocTBapyje. Y HHJO ma he HMaTH yuiory ,,ornemaJla”. OHo InTo
MeHTHMa, He Mopa HM~TH IlaTnpoceMHy CflpeT cc BH,RH y ,,ornemauly” Mon(e ma romH, H oco6a
rjiaca. Ynory Thpaxrn HMajy H Jzpyre olla)KamY oco6a ~BCK y’IeCTBYjY REC
HocTy CCH3O-MOTOpIEHM axrHnHocn{Ma TO 11~HXB~T~, aim H mane rOmH, ocoGa To nehe
B~CT~ nogaTaxa 0 oco6w H~paa uIHfla oco6e: ocoãa-oaaxaq H ocOãa-MCTa iIpHXBaTI4TH, a BepOBaTHO je ma he jemHor main
YIcpaTIco: Ona’rcaj HacTaje y IIpoz(e (MHMmca), HoKpeTH (recTHKyJIa~Hja), (ocoGa icoja je o6jeicr onaEama). 06e omGawiTH H raxno ,,ornemai1o”.
C)’)’ ICof CM CCH30~HC HHçbopMarJpJje H gp*ame Tejia, H~UHH ogeBama, oco6e cy, Ha jegan Hill! gpyrn HW1HH, Y cTnapIlocTu onHcalm iip0l1~C MO)KO mo
parn4-je HCIcycTao önaajy HHTCFpHCa yxpamaBaaa, ouxobema. BeoMa Ba cBedne ga cy ~c-roBpeMeHo H ona)Ka 611TH BOOMS pasuIH’mTe camp)xaje, M0)KO nocTa
HI-I)’ CMI4C80H~ LKCJIHHy y ,!4OlcIlBJLaj
— Ean H3B0~ nogaTaKa 0 gpyroj OCO6H ‘11-I I! Me-re ona)lcama. 3aTo Mo,xeMO TH jOmIIOCTaBHIJH ailH H MHoro KoMnuiHKo
olrpelJeHornpeRMeTg oco~5e, JIOCTyIT cy n,enH BepGannH ucxaau H menn pehn ~a cc npouec ona,Kama oco6a nan~ji-i. To nanHcH 031 Jn-NHHX oco6ima ocoGa
Ka HJW Roraflaja HOCTYIIUH. Ha ocnony carlpicaja Bep oThBHja na uHme miBoa, ICOJH cc, 110- A H B, om KapaKTepa mixoBor Me~yco6Hor 031-
rlcnxojro3H C)’ YTEPJIIIITH H3BCcHC Gajinwx Hcxaaa H 3Ha’jema icoje npH nyT dnHpane, HaCTaBJbajy jeThaH na ~oca H om c~~yau~je y xojoj mJ omnoc ocTna
HpHHL(HrIe KOJH C)’ y OCHOSH opraMM gajeMo nojegHHHM aKTHBnocTHMa gpyfll. TpH ,,nnnoa” ce Mory naxo pyjy. Hexe oco6e mime a ~exe MaH,e upare a
3oBama ,zrpaxcn ~ onawaje Kao OCHOEHC gpyre oco6e saxibyqyjeMo i-re ca~o o npenOSHaTH. aHaumanpajy npouec cj)opMnpama H?vmpecaje o
.~OXCPIBJLaHC L(CJIMHC HCKH Ofi TJ’IX ToMe icaxo cc ona nonauja nero Ho TO flpnH. CnaKa ocoGa HacTOjH ma Ha ocuony u~yjn1Ma c KOJHM moma3e y HenoepemHa momHp.
HPHHIIH17~ cy: acHMHfIaz(Hja, KOH Me Koje Tpajne oco6nne Jm’inocni q3rulema, mp)Kaiba, JlOHamaH,a H OCTaJ1HX 310-
TpaCT, cjrn!fHocT, ÜRPI3HHa, Ro6pa nocegyje. fib nogaTaxa o oco6n crynuHx nonaTaxa d)opMlipa noy3mauy cullixy
cbopMa. MOKeM0 goha nocpegno. Ha npHMep, o oHOj mpyroj oco6w TaKo ilaCTaJy mae lMnpe ITPBA HMHPECHJA
Ha cbopMplpame oIIaxtaja )‘TH’1C H nexe nogane 0 y~enrncy, icao mTo cy CHje: 1-lMnpecHja ocoGe A o 000GH t, H HMnpe
BCJIHKIJ fipoj ØaKTopa BC38HHX 3a o~ene Hill! ypegnocT floxal)an,a in cHja oco6e Ho 000614 A. Y c~amy cMO ga 4lopMHpaMO geJIOBUT
LIpyrH. CBaKa oco6a je cnccHa ma je upon-
JIM ?HOCT ocoãe (MOTHB1I, MHTCpCC0- CTaBe, MOEeM0 j~a caanaMo 113 micon yTHcaK 0 OcO6H KOj~f BH~HM0 U~BH
MeT ona)Kama one npyre oco6e H ona }racTojH
llaMa, CTaBOEM, EPCfiHOCTI-!) Koja cxc ThoKyMeHTauHje. Hexo TpehH ma 01103MM 143r3103.IOM, mpKaibeM H nonamameM
nyt I4axo 0Mb Ha pacnoJlaraay JIMa
ol7axca H 3a cI—n-yazwjy y KOjoj cc MO)Ke HaM pehn ga je Taj y’ienmc ocTanu onpebellH yT~cax. Cnaxo je y cramy ma Jffl BeoMa xpa~xo npe~e H MaJW noga
onaxcame olwrpaaa ftbH3uyIcM YCJIOBH necene napaBH, oMHn,en y ogeJEel-sy ogMepH KOJIHKO he ce 0TKpHTH npem ~pyfl4M Taxa, Ham y~~cax cc ne cBO~H caMo na
oziaxcama, C0L(I1O-KYJiTYpj-~~ KOHTCKcT, H cii. ~ noceGiro npem HCUO3HaTMM 143114 1103- cnoJLaUJItH narneg, na OHO ujTO je y
TpeHyTHo HCHXOØM3MrIKO CTaH,C oco flo~aTKe o oco6n, 6Hno ga go mnx uamM oco6a~ia, H icaxo weGa ma ce npHxa)lce TOM xpaTKOM cycpe’ry 6uno npHcTy
6eHcJI.). ma 614 OCTaBHO KeJbei{11 y~~cax. Oco6a A M0)Ke naqHo HenocpegnoM ona~icamy. FIpEM
gona3HMo Heriocpegninf ona)xameM
6HTHJOmIIa ,,npcTa” ocoGe 3ameuy (inip. cTpora y~ncax o gpyroj oco6H no npaBHny
113TH Ha gpyrnx H3Bopa, opranflayje H ocopua), jipyra 3a HenoaHaTe onpacne (Hap. yxmy~yje H ouene 0 mcHHM TpajHHM
OJTANcAThE OCOEA Mo)’ CMHcaoHy Iieimny, y YTJ,ICaK MIlE CTpnmHna H my6aana), -rpeha na no3HaTe olipa
HMI7pCCHjy 0 OCOUH. Kao H npn ,,ynyTpaulmwM” 0006HHaMa, Tj. 0
cue (HHP. oTnopena, 11pHJaTOJLCKH HaoTpoje
onaxcamy 4III3H~ICHX O6j exaTa, npogec Ira), ‘leTupTa 3a onor medja (imp. nocnylllfla,
BeheM Hill! MameM Gpojy ~pTa acHe
ITopeTh tH3H’HCHX rlpe,zflfeTa H a6usa-
ma, Ba~ican o5jexaT onawcaja cy oco6e opraHH3oBama cc ogEfija neoMa 6p3o auTH HeHclcpeHa). Hexe oco6e cy y cyIlITIiHN JIH9HOOTH. Ona,xanoj 0006H upHill!
Te H~M cc ‘mill! ga je ynpaBo Taj ynex HcTe, caMo Ce M~1b~ HuH nHfflO npnnarome cyjeMo M0THBe H HaMepe, o~eayjcM0
H H,HxoBo nonamame. Kao ifiTO je
od)opMJEenH YTHC~K 0110 LUTO Heno cHTyauHJn, ~3TH HOKO 3aHCTa noxasyjy neoMa acne orroco6noc’rn, ~pTe TeMnepa
onarcame tH3WHCHX o6jeicaTa HuH 110- pasJ1H’IHTO cipaire cuoje nH’mocTH, M~K H pa MeH’ra H KapaxTepa. Haxo 611 Guno pa
jaBa y OCHOBH name opnjenTagHje y cpegno ona~aMo. Y OTBapH, pe’r je o
33114MHT MopaumH 3114K. 3aTo, oco6aA M0)KO 614- 3J10)KHO ha ne )xypHMo ca OBOjHM
ilpocTopy H BpeMeily, TaK0 je BeoMa cnozeno~ npouecy xojH i-re yic
TH A1, A2, A3, aim a~ra H ma oco6a B MO)Kc 6HTH ogenaMa 0 MH’IHOGTH gpyre oco6e, ca
ona~rcame oco6a H MHXOBHx aKTHBH0- Thy’Iyje onto onaxcan,e, nero H pa U1, B2, B3.
GTH~ OGHOBH namer opnjenTucaaa y 3imqare BHgone npoUemHBama, goc~a yBcpenoeTH H 6e3 uelier ycrc
TpehH. Oco6a—onaxa’i noc~a~pa oco6y—
3axJbyqHBama H yofliuTanama. aama, MH Taxac oucHe nnax Hanodil
HHTepnepcoHaJJHHM OThHOCHMa H pa MeTy He ca~o ca IIHJEOM maje ynoana, ma yo’m
3J1H’IHTHM COJ~HjanHMM CHTyauHjaMa. 15OH~ Ba)KHe 0006HHe, neh may moj iraije H jam MO. HapaBno, H 3’ ToMe 110~TOi~
ny noce6iry npcTy ,,oruienaila”. 113 nolramama, anarne HngHBH,gyanne pa3JJHKc. He-

34 35

ice oco5e cy y3~p)icaHMje a neice xl!
TpMje 3’ npnnHCnBaay OCO6HHa j~py
FMM Th~~HM& Mo)~ga flO3HajeTe Helco
ra ico 3a ce6e TB~~H ~a je ,,poljenH
IICHXOJIOF”, jep ‘1MM BMAH Heicora
MO)1C~ ~a ra ,,~o icpaja npoqnTa”.
HMnpecMja o gpyroj oco6n je
BalcHa jep YTM’1C Ha Hame noHatuaH,e
npe~a TOj oco6M. Aico 3a gpyry oco6y
BepyjeMo Hnp. ~a je MClcpeHa, npe~a
Ftoj heMo ce noHania~n Ha jeJ~aH
Ha’mH, aico CMO CT~KJIH yTilcaK ga je
noJ~Mylcna, noHamaheMo Ce ~a Jq3yrH
Ha’IMH. Ty 4yHKUMjy MMa H rip~a MM
npecMja. flpBa MMflpecMja yeMepaBa
J~aJbH TOK HHTepalcuHje, CeneKTMBH0
genyje Ha zacHaje orla,lcaH,e oco6e.
Yiconmco je HMnpeCnja HenouomHa,
M36eraBaheMo MHTepaluJajy Ca TalC
BOM OCO6OM HuM heMo je CBeCTH Ha
HajMaH,y Moryhy Mepy. ToicoM Bper~ie
Ha MO)lC~MO gOhH go Horn-Tx 3ana,ican,a
Mum nogaTaKa, anN aico cy y cynpo
THOCTM Ca Beh d2opMHpaHoM HMnpe
CHJOM, CKJIOHM CMO ga MX 3aHeMapHMo
FUll! ga MM gaMo MaH3H 3Haqaj. Y3 TO,
mygu Hepago flpM3Hajy ga cy no
rpemMna 3’ ol~eHM gpyrllx, Te WOPHO
ocTajy npll npBoj OJ~eHa C~e TO flOK~3~-
je ga Ce rip~a MMnpeCMja Temico MeTha.
HPMCTPACH0CW Y OHAfl}f,y
OCOBA
Hopeg OCK3’gHOCTM M HenOy3jjaHocflj
pacnouloxcHBHx nogaTalca, MOCTOje H
JIPYFM ‘1HHMOL~H KOjM JbygMMa
oTe)lcaBajy ga 0 Ifl3YFMM OCOGaMa gajy
T~’1HG H OGJeKTMBHG cygone. 0 itu~a
Ce FOBO~H icao 0 Il3BopnMa CHCTeMaT
CKHX FPCLUaI(il MJJM IIPIJCTp8CHOCTJJ
olfemnEaqa. Jegi-ta oy~ Hajno3HaTMjMx
nPMCTPaCHOCTM je TaB. XaJIO etjieiar —
TeHgeHuMja ga CEC oqene 0 jegHoj
ocoGa Gygy CilM’IHe (imp. Hexa Ha
CTaBHMLIM cy CICJIOHH ga auaH,e H npy
36
r
re OCO6HHe jegHor y’1eHulca, imp. aa
.JlaraH,e, flpHCTOjHOCT, noyagaHocT,
gp3’UJTBCHOCT H np., ol~eHe jegaaico
MO3MTHBHO Mill! jegnalco HeraTl-IBHO).
Kaga Ce nuxamM ga ne Hanpaul! Berni
icy rpemicy y ollewHBamy nexe oco6e,
OlJeH~nBa’1 npn6era~a CpeJjH,HM oi~e
HaMajep he Taico rpeuuce 6MTM HajMa
i-se. Ta nPMCTPaCHOGT Ce 3oBe FpeLFJKa
IWHTPHJIHC reHReHflHje. ~ecTa noja
Ba y ona)lcaH,y 0C06a je iforwIni Heo
CHOBaHO 3aKn~y~I-IBaae. Ha npm~ep,
OCOGaMa Ca nao’1apMMa Hiffi BHCOICHM
‘TeJIOM ce ‘ICCTO npnnHcyje BHCOKa
MHTeJiMrenL~Mja; oco6aMa ca rpy6oM
IcO)IcoM Ce ~emhe np~n~cyje eMoifl!o
nauma rpyGOcT Hero oCo6aMa icoje
MMajy FlezHy Koxcy.
CTCPCOTIII7HOCTje GKJIOHOCT oCo6e
ga aa~e~apn MHgMBHgYanHe pasumice
H ga CBOJ YTMC~K Hill! oi.~euy 0 noje
)WHU3’ aacuyje Ha nogaTlcy 0 meroBoj
rpynHoj flpMnagnocTH. TaKO ce OCO
GM 3~ Kojy ~lJel~HBa’1 ana ha je Hnp.
EHrJIea num HTaumjaH ohMax npMnH
Cyjy oHe OCO6MHe aa icoje Bepyje ga
cy 0006HHe ,,CBMX” Hill! ,,BehMHe” EH
ruieaa, og~ocno HTaumjana. YormiTe,
paana cxBaTama o JbygMMa H npMpo
~H ‘loBeKa, 3’TwIy na ouen,Mname gpy
nix oco6a. HeKO KO c~a~pa ga ~syg~
He aacuxyxcyjy ga MM ce Bepyje, ‘iemhe
he gpYI-MM oco6aMa flpMnHGMBafli ne
raTasHe Hero flO3HTl!BHe OCO6MHe.
Jegna o~ najH3paaMTHjMx 11pM-
CTpaGHOCTH 3’ onaEaH~y oco6a je
CKJIOHOcT ga ce pasumq~~o oI~eayje
rge ce HanaaH y3pOK GoncTEeHor a
i-ge Ty~er ycnexa Him Heycnexa y
B~)KHMM aKTMBH0GTMMa. Kaga je y rn-i
TalEy BJIaCTHTH ycneç GKJIOHM GMO ga
meron Y3~OK IIpOHfleMo 3’ GBOjOj
JIM’IHOGTH. Ha npaMep, OgSIH’IHa oge
na, flpBO MeG-rn Ha ~ 0MM-
JEeH0CT xog ocoGa cynpoTnor noun i-i
GiL YC11~CM ogpaa 03’ MOjHX cnoco6no-
cTM, Moje BenrrHHe, Moje gapon~~o
0TH H CJI. Kaga Tpe6a ga yicawce~o Ha
yapOk BJIaCTHT0P Heycliexa. HnP. aico
cMO fl~JiH Ha HG11MTy, nponaum Ha T~K
MnqeH)Y, og6a’ieHH og gpyrux H Gil.,
cxulOHH OMO ga i-a T~~)KHMO H3B~H ce
Ge, y gpyFHM oco6aMa, y cTllgamy He
TIOBOJEHMX OKOJIHOGTH H Gil. Cjia6e
ouene 03’ GK0~0 y~eic nocilehtHLla
ge’ler mTo je MaBan HaG, mTo HCM~
J3eae ca HamHM TpajHnM oco6HHaMa.
06H’lHO Ka)KeMo ga HaGTaBHHK ne
ogemyje OGjeKTHBHO, ga nac ne BOJIM,
ga HaM je aanajlo nHrame Ha icoje MM
jco He 6u OgrOBOpHO, ga Ha OBOF ILJIH
onor paanora HHGMO y~uum H GiL H
arpHGyLwJa y~poxa ryijer IlonaLuama
je npMGTpaGHa, aim y o6pHyToM cMe
py.AKo 3”I~HMK He aMa, sa HacTaBHHKa
TO je anax ga y’JeHHK ne~a noTpe6He
GJIOCO6HOGTH Hill! ga ce HHje goBom
HO TpyhH0. Main je BeponaTnoha ga
he ~SPOK flOT~~2KHTH 3’ Te)KHHH i-pa
gMBa, JIorneM yUGeHHKy, a jom Mama
ga GM ~3~0K Morao HahH y cuIaGI-IM
npegaBamHMa. Aim, aico je ogeulreme
ny~o oguiaicarna, axo mer0BM y’JeHH
l.IH 3aGuIHGTajy Ha HeKOM TaKMH’lelby,
BeumKa je BepoBaTnoha ga he nac~a~
HHK ~3~0K Te nojaBe 110T~~)KH 3’ GBOM
negaroLuKoM TauIeHTy, y cBojnM cno
co6nocmMa H saJIaraH,y.
‘THIWO]JH KOJH YTWIY HA
TA4HOCT OUEHMBAThA T~PYFNX
OCOBA
4lpyre oco6e MOi-3’ 6HTH ,,TeKM” HJW
,,uIaKulH” o6jexm onaicama H 0i4~itH-
Baaa. HecyMmHBo je ga oTBopeHocT
H.zwcJIeJrHoCT ocoGe icoja je npegMeT
onaxcama gonpnnoce TaqH0GTH ouena
o menni.t 000GHHaMa. AKO jegny oco
6y BH~MM0 3’ MHOFHM cHTyaunjaMa,
j
onga e a xonnvkIHa paclloJIo)KPJBHX
nH0iopMalwja a TOj oco6a neha, it he
H aTpHGyuHja 0006Hna icoje nocegyje
uMam Rime naruiega ga Gyge Ta’rna.
IJCT2KHyTOCT 11 BaxcHocr ocoôzue go
npnnoce ga na meno ~cnoma~ame
nrniie oGpahaMo naicmy, it H ga
Ta’lHiije ol~eH,yjeM0 cTenen aene
H5~~)K~HO0TH Kog gpyre oco6e. Ha
icpajy, aico noGTOjH aHama CJjW~OCT
ONemliflirna H oIJeHaJBaHor, cMamyjy
ce MarJIegH aa npa~i~eme Bennicax
rpeuiaica. Oco6e acTor yapac’ra Ta’l
Hnje onaxcajy jegHa gpyry nero aico
cy c~apoc~e paaumice BeulHlce. JEygn
Ha jegHe icyn~ype qec~o rpeme y oue
H,MBaH,y 0006aHa Jb3’~H Ha gpyre KyJi
Type.
YTBptJeHO ~e ga IIOGTOjH HaBecTaH
Gpoj oco6HHa OIjemHBa~a Koje MOI’y
ga gonpnnecy Ta’lHOGTH n,erOBHx
oueHa. Mfly mM 000GilnaMa cy: J-IH
TeilureHiwia (MHTeJIHreHTHHje 000-
Ge cy ycnemnHje y aaxmy’mnamy),
caMoIcpurIPfHoer (ico ne o6Mamyje ce
Ge, Teice Mo){ce GHTH o6ManyT og gpy
nix), GUOGOGHOCT fiHCTaHIJHp8)h8
(BeWTMHa ga ce ~ey~pannme yTngaj
eMogHja na olxemnBame 000GHHa) H
CKJIOHOCT caMolzocMaTpaay (oco6e
Koje ce GaBe OBOJHM 5’HYTpaIIIThHM
g0KHBJbajHMa aMajy paaBHj~HHj3’
oceTThHBocT aa yo’ianame anaxoBa
GJIHMHHX goxcHBn,aBama K0)1 gpyrnx).
Y3AJAMHOCT OHA)KAIEA
HAIJHJEHATA H 3,TIPABCTBEHOF
PA,TkHMICA
Kao y cBaKoM fl~BOM K0HTaKTy, Taxo H
3’ KOHTaKT3’ nauHjenTa H 3gpaBcTBe-
nor pagHHKa, gOuIaaH go yaajaMflor
ona)Icama. CBe IMTO cMO peicum 0
onaicamy ocoGa BaxdH a sa T3’ dHTya
mijy, c mM IBTO oHa aMa H i-ieice cBoje
cneUM4~H’lHOcTH.
HaUHjeHT oGpaha na~icity npBeH
0TB~HO na one ocoGHne agpaBOTBe
HOE’ pagi-inica Koje 03’ Baxcne ca
cTaHoBHniTa pasuior’a a6or xojwc
37

ydnocTaBma KOHTaKT. TH ~83JIO3H C)’
Tedilo nonesal-rn ca naJlHjeHTOBHM
TpeuyTHw4 YBIU~OM y cBoje 3~paB-
CTBeH0 cTame. TheroBo noHamame y
TOj CHTyaLIHJM je H3~3 ,j~BocTpyKOF”
cTpeca: ca3I-Iama ~a je 6o.necTaH H
HeH3BeCHOCTH jja JIM he y ~gpaBcTBe
HOj yCTaHOBH HaHhH Ha ed~HKaCHy no
Moh. CTpax, HeH3necHocT n ocehaae
cMaH,eHe dnoco6HocTH HsasnBajy
ynyTpawmy HaneTocT. HaqHjeHT y
noHamamy sgpaBcTBeHor pazwHxa
~paxcii aHaKoBe OHHX OcO6nHa icoje he
M)’ B~~THTH ocehame CH~)’~HOCTH H
ocno6oj~TH ra HaneTocTn. Ca eBoje
c~pa~e OH HacTojH ILa )‘CHOGTaBH HO
3HTMBaH O$H00, L~a H3~3OB~ naxsio
HOCT 11MM Gap K0~~KTHO nouaiuame.
flauHjeHT y HaBednoj M~~H HO
~emaua eBoje nouauian,e j~a GM OCT~
Bib y~ncax sa KOjil Bepyje ga he 611TH
aeJIoTBOpaH.
Baican 4~aKTOp Hal4HjeHTOBOr no
Haujama je aeroBo palluje HcKyCTB0.
Mo ~~JIH HeraTnnaH GTd~tOTHH 0
oco6HHaMa H noi-iauiamy 3)~paBcTBe-
HHX paL~HHKa, .aaxo he y MHOFHM peaK
uujaMa ~gpa~c~ne~or pagi-iHEa BHge
TM HeaanHTepecoBaHOcT, aporaHuHjy,
npoTeKw4oHHsaM HJU4 nexe gpyre Hera
mnHe oco6i-ii-ie. To he gonpmIem ga H
CaM HCIIOJEH BehI4 11MM M~HH cTeneH
KpITrHMHOCTH apOtaHTHO CTH H arpecuB
11OCT11.
O)~ onulTe K)’JITY~~ H a4H4HHTeTa sa
pag ca JL)’J~HM~ 3’ HeBo.mH, a He TOJIM
Kb O)~ 4opMan’aor o6pasonaaa, aaBH
on xa~o he 3~~~BCTBCHH P~AHHK
‘1pOTyMa~HTH noc~ynxe nauHjellTa H
KOje o6pacue noHaulama he ca~ npii
MeHHTH xaxo 611 sanO’IeToj nwrepax
Iflijil ~jao oHaj c~ep KOjH OH CM~T~~
OnTHMaJIHHM.
38
HAM(H~A
Y npogecy ona~xama, xao H ,~pYFHM
Ca3HajHHM npoL~ecHMa, BeoMa Ba)KHy
ynOry HM~ 3’CMepeHOCT H yopeg
cpeljeHocT i-iawe CBeCTH H aKTHBHO
CTH Ha qgpe~eHH caApxaj. flcnxirnxo
dTaH,e ycpej~cpeheHocTH Ha o~pete
HF! caJ~p)Kaj H~3HB~ ce ciaxcma llaexaa
je IICHXHqKO cTaI-be y KojeM goilasH JLO
pasJIH’IHTHX npo~e~a y ~yHKuHoH11-
catty O~F~HH3M~ H U~JI0KYJ1HOM
gpxamy oco6e. Ha npHMep, ena My.na
C)’ yc~epe~a xa 113BO~)’ ~Pa)KH KOje C)’
y cpegiim~y na)Kme, noBehaBa ce
OHUITH MHUJHhHH ToHyc, goilasH go
nonHuleiLa npara aa .gpaxcH Koje HHC~
y BeSH ca cagp)lcajeM naicme.
Tpe6a J3~3JTHKOB~TH H~XOTHMHMH~
og x0THMWJHe naxcme. HapasilTo jaxe
H Heo’IexHBaHe gpaxu 3’ CTaH,y C)’ aa
~I~HBYKY na)xmy, 6ea oGaHpa Ha T~
xyhy aKTHBHOCT H pacnoilo)xeae Oco
Ge. Y TOM ony~ajy y nnTa~y je
Hex0TMMHMHa naxn,a. PeKJIaMHH dO
TOBH ynpa~o C)’ KPU~TH T~KBHM
gpaacHMa, a CBC ca UHJL~M ga ny6JIHKa,
H xaga ~OJ TO HUje HaMepa, Ha I-MIX
o6paTH naxcay. 3/ MHOFHM oBaxog
HCBHHM aKTHBHOCWMa MM HaMepHO,
cuedHo, no~exag aHra,Icyj yhi ~uary
oBoje BoThe, ycpegdpe1~yjeMo clioje
ona)xaae H paaMHIumaH~e Ha ogpe~e
He cagpxcaje.
‘lrnuioiçi naMw,e
MHOFH ~IHHHOIIH Mory YTHINTH Ha TO KOjH he
cc c3ap,Kajn Hahn y cpemnui~y llaxcH,e. lip GMC
Ha 3’ 614310 K0JeM OBOJOTBy J1~~XCH noBehaBa se
poBaTuohy ha he npnnyha naxmy. Ha npwsep,
KaJxa Gyxa Ha KoJy dM0 ce neh a,aasrrnpann na
rHo npec-raHe, no~naeMo ~a ,,‘!yjeMo”
THIIIHHy. O6jexaT KOJH je y eneMy cjrwiau
OcTanHM, aKO je sHarHo BChHX ThHMCH3HJa —
najcme npHnJla’{H na~my. Baimy y~iory JIMa
pa3JIWII4TOCT~ K0HIpacT 3’ 0flHOO~ na OHO 11110
gpeouJiabYJe (lilip. lipH Kpyr 3’ MHO1IITB~ Gejrnx
1pyrOfla). HoHang,ame je jeiian oi~ npHHuHna
~iponaraW1e. AKO cc MOTH cajlp>Kaj noHanma y
na,KJbHBO OflSparnIM uHTepnaJIHMa (a He
cTaJmo), pacre BepOBaTHoha na he npHByhH
~awmy.IUTO je caiip>Kaj naxcrncj’r 3a 3aJIoBome-
we Hexe Oaawrne nowe6e, meron yTHuaj na
flaiuby je nehH. rJ1aJiHa oco6a o6paha na~cwy
Ha pecTOpafte, nsjiore ca xpaHoM, ~npnce- xpa
He H 031. HoHaiuame Jlp3’1HX Mo,Ke HMaTa C)’PC
CTIIBHO JICjCTBO, axo rpyna Jb~ThH nocMawa
nelliTo, HarJIO pacre neponaTnohaha he H 00Th-
un o6paTnTH 11~)KTh3’ Ha TO. .ffuqHa 3arnIrepe-
COB3HQCT je MohaH qnHn.T1a~ KoHneHwasu4je
naKIbe Ha 31~TH caJIp2Kaj.
Oco6ruie na~xwe
Kao nCHXW{Ko cTame, na>xma M0)K~
HMaTH ~~3JI11~HT 0611M, HHTeHSHTeT H
Tpajame.
06KM naxcme ce orjiega y Gpojy
eJieMeHaTa CeHS0pHHX, nepuenTi-IB
—
flUX H MHcaoHHX cagpxaja KOjH MOFY
IIcToBpeMeHo 6im)’ CP~)1HUITY HJIH
4oxycy naicme. KOJIHKO cHFHaJIHHx
ypehaja Ha CHrHaJIHoj Ta6JIH aBUOHa
M0A(C HUJIOT ~HCTOM M0MeHTy ga npa
TH ca HCTHM cTeneHoM CBeCHOGTH H
jacHohe? HaBecHo je ga y HCTOM rpe
H3ITKY y cpegrnu~y naxme M0)Ke 611TH
neT, cegaM, HajuHule JLeBeT ypel)aja.
Mo in HMa HeKOJIHKO nyTa ~nme, nu
JIOT ~opa ga no~epa naxcH,y, ga y
K~~TKHM MHT~~B~31HM~ y cpegnurre
naicme go~ogu HOB~ rpyne ypehaja.
To je Moryhe, yKO.IIHKO je oco6a
yBe)K6aHa H UcxycHa.
HHTCH3JITCT HSICMC Ce oriiega 3’
CTCIIeH3’ ycpegcpfleHodTu, KOHI4eH-
rpi4caHocTlI cuecm Ha ogpetjeHH
ca~pzaj. ~a 6H ua~Kma oMoryhHjla
caaWJIj HiM npouec~~a ga ce e~HKa
~: 0110 o,RBl4jajy, oi-ia ~opa nocmhn
‘ogpe?)eH1I HHTeH3HTet Cna6a naacma
t1~H y~emy ~HHH y’ieme Hee4Jwca-
CHUM. CanosehameM o6nMa, rj. Gpoja
Cagp)Kaja xojii cy moMe o6yXBaheHH,
HHTeH3HTeT nazme cMa6H. Cagpwcajy
KOjH y’IHMO noCBehyjeMo Matbe
na>xme 3’KOJIHKO y TOK)’ y~eH,a
ciiyma~o M)’3MK~ H pasronop KojH Ce
BO~H 3’ cyCegHoj dO6H.
Tpajame IIa?KFbe je OrpaHH~eH0,
xao iirr0 je orpa~n~e~o H Tpaj al-be
CBaKC gpyre aKTHBH0CTH xoja w~mi-~
eHeprHjy, c~uapa ooehame y~opa n
MoHoToHHje. ToxoM ~pe~e~a gojia
3M go Ønynyawijc naxcme. flaxma
4uJyKTynpa H HO HHT~H3HT~T~ 14 no
o6HMy. Kaga c.rlyurnMo HajaaHHMmn
Bije npegaBame, npe Hero IHTO
HcTexHe geCeTH MHH~T tiama naXcH,a
he ocna6wrn. flodne icpaher ~pe~e~a
0H~T Ce MO)KCMO KOHU~HTPHC~TH Ha
cnymame gamer mica npegaBama. J~o
Gpu npegaBa’u-i uMajy TaxaB ~HT~M
nanarama ga nocne cBaxor HHTepBa
~a og cega~ 113th Hajgyxce gece~ MU
HyTa, ~anpane xpa~ax 3acToj,
pexanHTyiiaunjy, o6pT, ns6aue Hexo
peropwnco nHTame, noxazy sexy
CJIH1~Zy, gHJaH03HTHB II CM., H T~K0
o6es6ege 1COHTHH3’HT~T na~xme y i-pa-
jam)’ og jegHor uixoncxor qaca. Mo
HoToHa, npanonHHHjdxa nsnarama
MHOFO nume saMapajy H gajy MaFLe
e43elcaTa Hero gHHaMWrna npegaBa
ma, ca ~HTMOM icojn ogpica~a naxcay
cnyuia~iai~a na onTUMaJIHoM HHB0y.
EY,flHOCT H CAll
,LkBa OCHOBH~ c~ama Hame GBeCTH C3’
6yiwocr xaga je oHa o~~opena 3a
—
npHjeM 14 o6pagy ~~3HHX nH4opMa-
tinja, i-i can xaga cy cna ~yJia Ha Hs
—
BecTaH HaqHH npHBpeMeHO ,,HCxJby
qeHa” Taxo UITO je npar maxoBe npn
JeMMIIBOCTI4 SHaTHO noBehaJI. Byg
HOCT H C~H ce pHTMHMKU cMekbyjy.
HopManHo ci-ame ciia ~ac~yna y 4rn-
snqxHM oxonHoCTHMa xoje oJIaKulaBa
jy T3~ H~HB~~M~H)’ CeHsOpHy naoJia
39
 — Hotly, xa~a je Man,e CBCTJIOCTH,
EpeTaiba, 6yxe, xaaa je O~~~HH3~M
)‘MOpaH OJ~ JXH~BHHX aflHBHocni H CJL
CnaBame HM~ BeoMa 3Ha’Iajny
ynory y ojjpwa~amy Tejiecaor H MCH
Tajmor 3jipaBiba. Mnfle o~pacJ1e oco
Ge npo~e~y y cnaBaHy y Upocexy 7 j~o
8 cam. MH~HBH.gyaJIHe pa3Jmlce y
~YEHHH flOTpeGnOr dnaBan,a cy ~eo
Ma ne.mnice, xcpehy cc oj~ 4 1/2 j~o 10 1/2
cam. Ka~a cy 3a,i~oBomrnj, myg~ cBoj
caH Oflilcyjy xao ,j~y6OK”, ,,ocnexcaBa
jyhH”, ,,go6ap”. Oxo 15% o)~pacJmx
ilMajy nopeMellaj criaBan,a. OHM cBoj
can onacyjy icao ,,.naic”, ,,Hcnpej~~
fln”, ,,.uom” H GiL IJHCOMHI4J3 Him He
canHija Molce cc HdnomaBaTH xao: (a)
CHO~O H TeLulco na~ame 3’ can, (6) .riaico
H ‘JecTo Gyhei-ie y TOE)’ cl-ia H (B) patio
Gyheae, Him xao xoMGHHauHja THX
cuMilToMa. Hexo Moxce IIaTHTH OJ~ He
caHHue Beh xay~a Tpajan,e cnaBama
naj~ne Ha 61/2 ca-ri-i, ~ox 3a ~pyry oco
Gy TO MO)lce GHTH HOpMaJiHa )Jy)xHHa
cHa. JIe~eme Hecanrnje MeThHlcaMeH
THMa x~aje cna6e pe3yJlTaTe. Y no’ie~
KY Me~HKaMeHTH HMajy O~ieKHnaHo
1~ejcTBo (oMoryhyjy naj~ame y can H
oz~pzame ct-ia), aim 360r HaBnxaBat-~a
noErpe6Ho je noBehaBal-Le J~o3e. Ka~a
J~o3e npe1~jy H~~ecny rpanHL~y, oF~ga 11
caMH Mex~HxaMenTH H3a3HBajy nope
Mehaje cita.
CnaBaH,e n can
Y TOK~ dnanaH,a aKrHuHocT MO3F~ He ilpecraje
nero cc Mema. HcnnTunan,a flOMohy em~e4,a-
norpa4a, ypc~aja ROjH pen-Ici-pyje Mo)1C~~aHe
ra.nace, nOxaaajia cy ma cnanax-be npoJia3H Kp03
mime 4~a3a OHe cc paaiirncyjy no janmaa,y ii
my)lcHh{H ~xpajama Pa33111’IHTHX BpCTa Mowqja
mix Tanaca. Te paaJiHice noxa3yjy ma y Toxy
ana ~O.ua3~ jjo npoMeHa 3’ BPCTI4 H i-mTeH3HTe-
17 ~U(TMBHOCTH MOara. Hajno3uaTnja MO)lçgana
aKTHBH0OT 3’ CII)’ je can.aH,e. 3a BpeMe cnona
mojiaan no y6p3ailor xpeTaH,a owajy, a MOzj~a
40
nit ~anac~ mo6njajy OGJIHK xojn je neofl
cJiH’faII TajiacilMa EOjH cc ndnoJbaBajy xaaa je
ocoGa y GYThJIOM cnmy. CTalte y KOJCM oco6a
cal-ba jaun,a cc OTnpHJInIce na caax~x 90 no 100
MHHyTa cnaBal-ra Oxo jeflne ‘ieTnpnrne yxyj-i.
i tor speMena npoBemenor y cnaBan,y ojjma~
na drone. Ma ce cehaMo CaMo gaiter Liejia CHO
na xoje CMO HMaJ1H 3’ TOKy CHa. .Thyjjn ce paani-t
xyjy 110 ‘i3’JiHOj )KHBOCTH, jacHohu it
campBcilndlcoj yBepibHBOcTH H CJIWKCHOCTJ-I
CUOJII CHOBI
CHOBH C)’ O~yBex npHBJlaqnJrn na~~cmy Thy
ma. YBepeuie ma y ceGn xpnjy neica noce6Ha
anaNeH,a ii nopyxe önno je nOlzcTHflaj sapasaoj
jenue noce6ite H npoGJieMam’iHe nemTHHe
HO3uaTe non HaIMBOM ,,TyMaqewe cuona”. Y
OIcBlpy dBOje ndnxoalianilTilMxe TeOpHje
cPpojm je nOxymao ma )Ioxa,ice ma y cHoBHMa no
H3pa)Tcaja moira3e ‘loBexone noTncnye noipe
ôe a Ilceibe, Hexa,a 3’ OTB0peHOM Bniiy (imp i~y
6aBuH nolcann,aj Ha KOjH y Gynnoi,i oTaThy
oco6a He 6n Hit UOMHcJIHJJa) a Hexa~a MaCK~I
pane pasiiHqIITnM CHM6O11}flKftM cpe~cTnnMa
(imp. B0Mtma ‘laMueM ca oco6oM npeMa xo
joj HOcTOjH IiOTHcHyTa, Heenedlia ceiccyanHa
)Kelba).
XIfflHO3A
CTame cBecTn y Koje~ je xonqenTpa
uj4ja naicn,e noBehana 11 noj~ xcowrpo
ThoM j~pyre oco6e nas~na ce X~-I
HO3OM. XwJHofljcaHa oco6a )~O>KHB
.maBa xao peaimocT c~e OHO LuTo joj
xnnnom3ep cyreprnue, a TH R02KHB-
majn npahenH cy H o~Iu’oBapajyhpjM
4)H3HOJIO11JKHM ilpoMenaMa, Imp. ~e
ma ce nyjic, npHTHcax, ~Hcan,e 11 cii.
OcoGix icoja je y camy 1~y6oKe xtmi-io
3e r~ioze ce cyreplicarn 1~a, Ea~a 113aI~e
113 crama XHUHO3e, y ojipe~eno EpeMe
H3BpLUH Hexy pagn,y, hip. 1~a OTBOpH
npo3op. H 3aHcTa, xa)~a )~ote peqet-ro
EpeMe, oco6a H3BpmaBa ox-rn ino joj
j e cyrepucano: ycTaj e, ognaan jzo
flpoaopa H nocije ~ajrn oxjleBama, or
~apa ra. Kaz~a Tpe6a z~a o6pa3no)lcn
3awTo je TO Y’WHHJTa, ox-ia he H3HCTH
ReicH pa3jlor, aim HHKaJ~a nehe HaRe-
cm npa~n pa3jlor, jep ra H HHJe cne
cna. Jlojana nocTxHnnoTwnce cyre
cTHje )‘3HM~ ce xao HajyBepJLHBFJjH
j~oicas j~a nocToje HecBecHH J~yWeBHH
npouecn.
XHnno3a je xOpHLlJheHa y panic
cBpxe. HajpaumpenHja ynoTpe6a
XHflHo3e y oGJIacTH MahH0HH’IapcTBa,
HaMemena 3a6aBH OHHX KOjH nocMa
Tpajy ulTa cne pa~~-j XHHHOTHcaHa
oco6a na 3ax~en xHnHo-rH3epa. Y ~e
)U-IUHHH ncHxHjaTpHja je Hac-rojaJia
,~a iifle lIpHMeHy xnnHo3e y iie~emy
J~yuleBHHx nopeMehaja, a y HOBHje
npe~e pac~e HnTepec 3a npilMeny
XHflHo3e 3’ xap)~HoJ1ornjH, axymep
GTE)’, XHpyprHjH, cToMaTonorHjH H
join HeKa~ o6JlacTHMa. Oi~ene o Bpej~
HOCTH Jxeqema xHnHo3oM (xHnnoTe
panHjoM) BeoMa cy pa3jiH’mTe.
YonmTe, c’an cTpy~n,aica npe~a XH11-
HO3H je aM6HEaJIeHTaH.
HI1TAH,A H 3\flAI4ll
1. Jatnbane ocehaja HM~ T~H 41a3e. i-IanemnTe MX H
OFT -IIIIIITC.
2. FlanesujTe ocilonite upeTe oceTa.
3. WTaje6Modpu~6~~9
4. Kojc cy Oclionne oco6pn-ie oceTa no KOjHM cc pa
3JIMKYjyjCJITIH 011 iipyri-tx?
5. 111TH je ona*aj?
7. F1aaej~u-re OPHEJUMUC opraaBlonarba ona)rcaja KOjH
cy onacana y onoti nornaon,y.
8. l-IaoenHTe npflnepe yTHuaja ncHxo~rn3Htncor eTaiba
Ha ona)KaH,e.
9. Koje cy OctiOnite T3~CTe flCPIICHTHBHTIHX cfloco5no-
cl-H?
JO. Ha KOJHM BPCTOMH nomaTaxa cc 3acuuaa ona)Icalbe
oco6a?
11. O6jactrn~c Togniby ila IC OnaEcalEe oco6a ocr-ion
[TM 1111)1 coLiHialme HHTepaktçfjc
12. Flanenare iIeKC Ofl tlpMCTpacHoc-rpf Koje cMaTLyjy
Ta9T40cT ona)Icau,a oco6a.
13. iliTa IIOHPHFIOCH noaehan,y Ta’mocm ona$caTi,a
oco6a?
14. lIl-ra je no)KTI,a B Icoje cy ibefle oco6rnre?
15. Ha ocnooy TCOjHX nomaTarca cc aaxn~y’lyje 0 Moncma
Ttoj HicTHntTocm 3’ TOxy dUaflaiba?
16. mTa jC XtlnHO3a?
Be ic 6 a: nop~roBapajTe 0 onicaHHM HPHCTPCCHO
cTNMa y ona*aH,y oco6a H noxyuiajTe ma nx HnycTpy
JCTC noronHHM npaMepnMa. AHaimsnpajTe yapoxe
enoje yenemnocTil (Heydneulnoc-i-H) y o6ann,awy He
nor aamaTnca H Y3~OKC ydnemnoeTa (ileydneumoeTa) y
HCTOJ 1131ff CJrn~H0j aKTHBH0CTH Mcxc npyre ocoôe.
41

4. Yqea,e, HaM11eH~C H
3a6opanJhalbe
Y~EILE
lilTa je y’zeme?
Y’IeH,e je aKTMBHOCT Koja HaM je
cBHMa I~o6pO noa~aTa. ilpe Hero UITO
HacTanfiTe ca ‘rnTameM, yaMHTe jez~aH
JIHCT, npenHulHTe OBO IIHTaIEe H OLWO
BopilTe na aera IUTO noTnyfiNje
Mo)IceTe. Ms ozwonopa Tpe6a j~a ce BH
)in ulTa 3a BaG y 0BOM ‘moy s~aqn
y~cmc. Ka1la sa~pui~~e ca rnicame~
enor ojjroBopa, y gecHoM ropae~
yrsiy imoTa K~YI1HO ~anuumTe 6poj 1,
SaTI4M JIHOT ocTaBHTe 110 CTpaHH H i-ia
cTanm’e ca ‘mTameM. (BpeMe 3a OAFO
BOP).
Ka,~ja quTaMo .neicuujy 113 xl-bnre,
KaxceMo tja y’IHMO. Ka~a cnyma~o
npe4rnBama, xa~za HaM nexo j~aje caBe
Te H noyxe, MH npeTnOcTaBJbaMO za
OMO y npHJiHhtH ~a HCUITO Hay’IHMo.
fljluBaH,e, cxHjame, Boxu-ba 6rnxllxna,
1(03W H MHore ~jpyre aKTHBHOCTH cy
BeulTilne icoje ce Mopajy Hay~HrH. Be
~OB~THO OMO 3a6opaBHJlH na CMO He
Ka)~a MO~~J1H ~a y’mMO xaxo ce 3~~)KH
xaumxa, xaxo ce xo~rn, Tp’u4, xaxo Ce
o6ynajy ullnene... Hay’lnnH cMO ~a
roBopHMO, ~a MHTaMO H 11HIIIeMO. 113-
necHo, npe~~ llaMa Cy MHOFC cTnapH
Koje heMo TeE ~MHTH H, HagaJMo Ce,
Hay’IHTH EaKo Tpe6a.
Kazxa ce HateMo y cHTyawJjH y 1w-
j0j He sHaMo xaico n~a 11OCT~F1~MO Hin-!
upeji saJ.jaTxoM KOJH HHOMO y CTaH,y
ga pemn~o ca sHameM xoje neh noce
J~yjeMo, cyoqellH CMO, y cTnapH, ca
Irpo6JreMczcoM CJlTyaL(HjOM MilK ixpo
GJICMOM. To Mwice 611TH MaTeMaTWIKH
42
r
npo6sieM, npo6neM cHana)xema 3’ He
nosHaToM rpa.gy, npo6sleM xaxo ga ce
~11O3H~MO ca 0C060M Koja H~M ce j~o
na~a. 3ajepyni’rico CBHM rIpo6JleM-
CKKM cIlTyaw4jaMa je ira 5’ HaLUCM
3Hamy, Ti. ypaHKjCMHCXJ’CTBYHC no
CTOjH CII~CM8JI ORPOBO~ Ha JIHTaJ~bC:
KaKO pa nocTyaMMO. Mo 6HcMo ogMax
aHaim luTa Tpe6a ga MHHHMO 6110 6a
TO o6i-naH sa3WTaK, ~3’THHCK~ axnrn
HOOT, a He npo6neM. Tparan~e sa ogro
BO~OM HaSHEaMO peLuasar-LeM ripoG
JICMSL Pemanajyha npo6sieMe MM
yMHMO. Axo OMO ~C[1~U1HH 3’ peuiana
ThY, TO je no npan~siy SaTO IIITO yale
naMo ~a JIol’jeMo go 0HHX a~aita xoja
cy HaM y M0M~HT3’ cyo~eaa ca npo
GjieMoM HegocTaj asia.
Koje C)’ OCHOBHC KJ1ACEI’ICXO4A
yvema?
Y’remeM (1) cTuqeMo CBC CBOjC CR8-
icoiweRHe H4BMKE jenocTaliHe MJIH
cJIoxceHe MOTOPHE BEIIITHHE; (2)
ycnajaMo BCIIH HuM M8H,M ~CO OHMX
3HA hA KOJUM H81118 C~CflHH8 p80170-
.aa.wc, a npe cacra oHa Koja cy H8M no
TpeCHa y zuicoilki, JIPOICCMJM, eRa
KO~HCBHHM 8KTHBHOCTHMW (3) M3-
rpa~yjcMo CBOJ8 HHTEIIEICTY44JIHA
YMEThA, 178 H C8MO )‘MCThC yCJTCJJJHOI’
y’rcma ocnocoO.maaaMo cc pa caMH
ap 0H8JI83MMO nocTojeha H ICOH
cTpYMJIICMO HOfl 3HAThA4, (4) 4JopMiI-
~8M0 CBOjC CIABODE; BpCJZHOCTH,
Hi-ITepecoliaiha; yIcmeM cTM!ICMO HO-
BC norpc6e, MOTSIBC, IJMJLCBC;
CTWICMO MuM yo6JrH~aBaMo LLPTE
RPNHOCJ’H gao ILITO C)’ Hilp.
RpyIIJTRCHOCT, MapibMilocT, McKpc
HOCT, noiureme, yllopHocT, ypeji
H0CT, TOJ1C~8KTHOCT H MHOPC ppyre,
IIO3HTMBHC Hill! HCF8THBHC, Ha KOjHM
Ce TeMeihe H HajcaoxceHHjM o6pacwi
Hauler HH2ZHBHPYa.JIHOP H COIJHJ 8.)1-
HOP, 1JJIMB8THOP IL/ZR J8BHOP 110-
Halilal-ba.
Kaxo MO*ceMo flpOBepwrH 3W JIM ce
HOKOM alcTHBHomhy nocnlrjio ytiei~j,e?
ja noicpehe npontec y’ieu,a, ulip. npeoTaueMo ca
nemc6au,eM, noTpe6uo je HeRo npeMe ma pe3yJr-
Ha npnn norneg, ilponepa je neoMa Ta_I-u y’1eH.a caapy, mace cTanom<e, 04)OpMe.
jeJUlOcTaBHa. Ha npnMep, axo CMO 110-
Hajje,zwocTrmHJqje pe~eHo, y~ieme
xataflH xypc cxHjaH2a H ~IO meronoM
je c~aica arrkrBHocT 113a3BaHa CTh7-
3aBpLUeTKy 3HaM0 ga exujaMo, ony~a c
JL8LLIH,IIM I7OPCTML(ajHMa H/HuM yHy
lIpaBOM saIcJby’lyjeMo 3W CC y TOE)’
TpaLuI-111M 170 Tpe5aMa, Koja ,1(OBoflJ(o
xypca ogHrpao npoqec y’iei’0a. Y
TpajJJe Mill-I PCJI8TMBJJ0 TpajHe fipo
HameM flOHaulaH,y )~0WiIO je go npo
MeRe 3’ 17OH8LJJaff~y MuM ..7M~(HOCTM
MeHe: neulTo ce ICpeheMo H Ha CKHja
oco6e.
Ma. Y Hawoj JIH’IHOCTH gomsro je go
KP8TKOTJJ8jHe, flpMBpeMeHe H
1_IpOMeHe: OHa yxmyrlyje jom jegHy
npoura3He lip oMeHe RMC5’ pe3yirraT
GJIO)KeHy )WCHO3HUI4jy, j ep H OHJ~~ Ka
y~eaa Hero HCKHX ,LrJJJ’PMX npoLfeca
3W ce He cxHjaMo, MM CMO oco6a xoja Ha npHMep, 3’M013 H3aSHBa npJIo
ma jja cxnja. J~aicne, axo je nocne
yo’ImI-ine npoMeHe y 1IoHamaH~y, 0110-
gy’icer turn xpaher Ganmeu,a HetcoM
co6HocrH KoHgeHTpagFIje, HHTepeco
axnnmomhy gouxjio go npoMeHe 3’
BaIbHMa, pacnoJIo)icen,y H 051. Kaga cc
no~aiuamy oco6e H axo je Ta IIPOMCH~
o~MOpHMo, one ~e npoMelle HIliqe3a-
TpajHaJ4JIH 6ap PCJ1~THBH0 TpajHa, Tj.
aico je none3ana ca npoMeHoM y caMoj nait. BoJIecT MO)KC ~OBCCTH J~0 MaH,e
Mini BHu1e YOMJEHBHX ilpoMena y
JIH’IHOCTH oco6e, ouga saicmyqyje~o
JIWIHOCTH H nollamaThy oco6e. Buco
3W ce 3’ T0K~ Te npoLLLne aIcTHBHocTu xa TeMneparypa Hnp. ynme Ha paji
ogurpao H npogec yqea,a. AKO noc,ne
HepBHor dHcTeMa, Te ~Oila3H, H3MeI~y
~ He )‘M~M0 ga cKujaMo, ax
ocTaslor, go npoMe~a y cn0006Hoc’rn
THBHOCTH je 6HJJ0 aJIH HHje 6Hsto
cao6pahama ca OKOJJHHOM, ry6u cc
y~en,a.
opHjeHTanHja 3’ npocTopy H upeMeHy,
CTflap ce ?daJIO KOMHJiHKyje axo nocTanuMo janmajy cc HenoneaaHe cjmxe H MM
nHTaIbe: ma .1111 y’1eme nocToja caMo omja Kaaa
cim, onaga dn0006llocr pesoHonama,
cc n,erona edJexTu janmajy omMax, y -roxy H
nocpejjno no 3anpmexy npoueca y’rema? He-
go)xHnJsajH cc He na~~e. Kaga ce TeM
nepaTypa HopMaimsyje, CBC Te iipo
ru ØeKTH y’1eH,a HcnOibanajy cc oggoxceHo,
MCHe HcMe3anajy. Y csiy~ajenHMa
nocjie xpaher P13TH ay~icer BpeMeIia. Paanora ia
gyicer Tpaj aita rpa~n~~e TeMnepaTy
,,OJUIaraIbe” uMa nume. flpnH, ‘1OcT11 npiio jejt
HOcTaBal-i pasaor je ma Hexe cTnapH nay’1llMo pe i-iexe npoMeHe ocTajy Tpajne, aim
aim npo~e H3necHo ilpeMe ripe nero INTO H~M HH oHe HHC3’ pesyJiTaT y~eita Hero cy
Ta 3Hama 3ape6ajy. JIpyrH, ‘iecT aim ~ano nj nocnegaga TeMnepaTypoM H3aanaHor
Honu-ruju paayror je ma nexe OTBapH Roje OMO OUJTeheTha H~~BHOF dllcTeMa. Bosie
Hay’1uim Ha0TOjHMO ma nc iiQKaice~o, jep CC 0TH Icoje yKJby’iyjy xopMoHajme 110-
imp. on jemuor yienuxa, jemue menojice, u-mu peMenaje Mory 3’ BeiiHIcoj MepH
JezluOr flaCTaBHiIxa, P13TH jemue npucTojne
HSMeHHTH oco6HHe H noHaman,e oco
ocoGe, Talcna nouamaij,a ue o’1exyjy. MeJjy
THM, Kajia cc upoMeun cuTyauuja, cpenuua y
6e, aim ca ycnoc~ans~a~e~ xopMo
HaJIHe panHoTexce, one re npoMeHe cc
Kojoj cc Haiia3u~o P11111 O’1eJcHnaIba xoja mpyru
ry6e. HeKH .]_IexonH MOP)’ H3a3naTH
HMajy y omuocy Ha nac, edJexTu pamijer
fl~0MCHe 0 JIHMHOCTH, Te ce Ys IFHX
y’1eH,a uB.nase Ha numejro. Tpehu, HJC3THHH, pa
sjior xoja ~ononu no upanor OmJiarafl,a ecjieica flpOflHcyje 113114 caneTyje 3’3~p)KaBaite
Ta flel-La, jeci-e ca~penamc uim ucicu npyru og HaBecHHx aXTHBHOCTM, xao rn-rn 03’
cJiu’1aH npogec. ICajza npec-raue aKTHBHOcT Ko Hnp. BOicn,a icoija, goHomen,e BaEHHJC
43

nocJIOBHHX OLJIYK~, GaBmeme noc5lo-
BHMa XOJH saXTeBaiY BUCOKY K0HUeH-
rpaUIijY naKlte. A.WCOXOJI je je~aH om
I~lajJ1O3HaTHj14X ~3~OK~ HaCTaHICa
npHBpeMeHMx npoMella y oCoGHHaMa
ii nocTynw4Ma ~~yg11Ma. Mel)ymM, ca
Ma noTpe6a aa aJIKOXOJI0M 11.1114 HOKHM
HapIC0TIIKOM je nay~ei-la. tlomTo je
nocTa.na cac~a~HH ~eo JIH’IHOCTH OCO
Ge, olla )jOBOIUI ~&O peJIaTHBHO Tpaj
HHX 141111 TpajI-mx npoMeHa y
noHaIllaH’y H ocoGnilaMa TO oco6e.
Mo B~M cc ‘IMHH )~a 6HcTe ca~La j~a
3111 HeLUTO I~pyra’{H3H OW’oBOp Ha nu
Tame ,,fflTa je y’iemeT’, Y3M11T~ x-I0BH
.31110TH HanI4uJHTe HOBH o~u’onop. Cm
ilpeMa KpHTepHjyMy cJroxce000TH
apoiseca KOjH )1OBo)~e Lb TpaJHe ~
penaTHEHO TpajHe npoMeHe 3’ 000614-
HaMa ii noHamamy je~l-1HKe, MOE~M0
paanHKoBaTn jeIjHOCTaBHHje B~CT~
no IUTO 03’ yveme yCJIoBJbaBaH’eM 11
HHCTpYMeI-ITJJIHO y~eme, H cjIo)KeHH
je BpcTe no IflTO cy y’ielbe yBOfla
—
TheM 11 flel-be 110 Mo.zzeJry.
Y’ieite yCSIOBilaBalbeM
ycs1onmaBaa~e je pCJIaTHBH0 jeJ~HO
cTanaH npoLbec ydnocTaBThaaa B03e
(acol.ulj auHj e) HaMety gpa~ic~ Koja no
xpehe o)~peteHy pe4niexdny peaxlbfljy
H ~pyre LbP~KH xoja no~ HopMaJmHM
noriiena y npanuy H3BO~~ anyKa H on. I1~HJb
mx orjrejja je Gno iia noxa2xy iia noj~
oJ~pe1jeEf MM YC.TTOBHMa 3B3’K 3BOH~ MOH(C NOCTa
TM npaic Koja H3a3Hna peaKuHjy TIJbyBaMhIHx
,xne3na.
Y elcdnepHMenTy je 3B3’K 3BOHa peJjonuo
—
npeTxonuo ltaBan,y XpaHe. Hocae H3nednor
ôpoja T~KBHX CHTyaIflfJa, nyqeme nJbynaqxe je
HO’lHH,aJIO na caM 3nyK mOna, upe nero IJITO je
nac HMaO flpflnnxy .ua yrne~a H y3Me xpany.
31y~en,e rnbyna’nce na 3nyK mona ce jann)aJio
aax H Kana BHWe iffiJe §HnO iloBe3aJIo ca ito6w
JaH~CM xpane. ,Llaxne, OTnopeHa je jejjna pe.na
THBHO waina npoMena 3’ flOlfalIJalby nba,
Ta’mHje y pe4rneKcnoM cf~yIIKflHOIWcaJby me
ronHx nibynaqnw( )X31e3Tha. Taj HOEH, nay’lenu
pecjzneKc flan.iion je na3nao yCJIOBI1PIpe~bJ,eJcq a
3B~K 3BOHa KOjH je noxpeTao Taj PC43JIOKC Ha3-
naoje ycJIornxa )Jpaxc Onaj npn~, npHpQgHH pe
clflIeKc na3nao je — 603Y0J10B1-ru pe4wcicq a
-
ijajep cy cnTyaur-zje ~ y zr,n~
BOM )KHBOTy Pa3Honpc~11~0 11 JIawuje
ce gory nparlaroLbliTn YOJIOnhIMa CKC~
HOPIIMOFITa
Ha OcHony cepuje HOTpa~,,na~
Cicnnep (B. E. Skinner) 0nitcao Jo xn-i
cTpyMeHT~no HUH Onepa,.jr~0 ~
JIOBILaBame (yveme) H ~
Hafego IIOTKpeflJJ,ema 3aTnopein y
KaBe3, rna)fl-Ia ZHBOTUFta floTrnr~ yja
Tpa)KH xpai-ry HuH H3JTa3 V )Cane3y cc
I-IaJIa3n Jernia rlosiyra Kojy, Kpehyj~1
cc, )KHBOTHH,a Mo’jce cacBnM °11Y9ajiio
j~a ~Oj~npne ExcnepnMeHTaTop J ej~
BpeNle npa~a IcpeTame )KHBOTIIII,0 n
yTBpbyje y’iecTanocT CJIy~ajno~ ~
LbHpHBama noijyre. 3aTHM flO’lrIILe
HHcTpyMeHT~Lg,Jo ycJIOBJy,a,3aae. xaj~

~H .JIHCT HCK~ H game CTOJH no c~pa
HH. Y ~IeCHOM yriiy HoBor .imcTa
KpyrIHo HanuumTe Gpoj 2, 3aTHM JIHCT
o~no21(HTe TaMo ~ge cc HailasH 31110T
Gpoj 1 H HaCTaBHTO ca MnTameM. (Bpe
Me ~a O~I’OBOP 2).
BPCTE YMEThA
burro y~eme UMa BesrnKH sua”Iaj y
)KI4BOTy ‘loBeKa, JIorl4qHo je ~(a 03’ pas
BHjeHH paaHOBpcHH H Gpoji-m o6.im-
I~H 14.1111 Ha’IHHH yMel-ba. Y OCHOBM TO
cnosbamae pa3HOBPCH0CTH HanaaH
cc MamH Gpoj npHHUHnHieJIHO pa
3JIHMHTHX B~CT~ y’iema. ilMa Bilme
KpHTepHjyMa Ha OCHOBY KOJHX MO
)KCMO pa3JIHK0BaTH nojeAHHe B~0TO
y~ema. MM heMo nOMeHyTH T~H TaicRa
KpIiTepHjyMa. Hajupe i-i u.n4pe roBo
pHheMo o BpcTaMa y’iema ~oje cc
MehycoGi-lo pa3JIHKYjY C o6ai-zpo~.i Ha
cnozeHocr ff~OL(CC2 Ha KOjHM cc Te
Meme, a 3aTHM heMo cacBHM cazeTo
yKa3aTH Ha MoryhHocT pa3iIl4KOBaH’a
BpcTa y’ieaa upeMa ToMe ~ 3111 Je Ha
MC~HO 1120 HeflaMepHo 14 npeMa
BpCTH cajipicaja KOjH Ce y’ie.
oKonHocTHMa He HaaaHBa T3’ dneuw
4m’my pe4nleiccHy peaKL~Hjy. Ycnoa
ibaBame cc jaflJba H K0J~ HH24(HX
,KHB0THma, TO CC M0)KC K0pHCTHTH no
cpeLbCTBo Meaama nonaulama ZHB0-
Tilma H myiW.
Y’ieme yejionThanalbeM npnn je cucTeMar
0KM H3yMaBao pycKll 4fl43H0J101 Hanjion (H. EL
Hannon, 1849—1936). Han.non je no’ICTKOM onor
ne~a n3y’lanao peaKnnje opraHH~Ma na xpany.
EKCIIePHMeHTHWYhH ca nonMa, aanasHO 30
ce pe4NIeKdnO .ny’leThe njbyna’nce, KOjt ce Hop
MaJIHO jansba flp}LTIHKOM yHolnema xpane y
ycTa, nom onpebeunM ycJlOBHMa, MO)I(e nojaBH
TM H ilOOJiC Lienonaiba ipazH Koja HNjC npn
pOJ~H noxpeTa’l Tor pe4niexca. Hannon je
npaBHJiHO ouernio 3ua’iaj br 3anazama. Cxna
mo Jo ~a Jo OTKPHO nojany ~oja he oMoryhnm
pa3yMenalbe npnpone y’xema H TCXHHKy 3a
npeIlH3HO H O6JOKTIIBHO ilpoyManalbe npoi*eca
y’ielba.
Hanilon je cnponeo cepnjy orne~la y KOJHM
30 I1OJ1~3HO O1~ ~1B~j~ ‘iHacHiwa. llpno, ruby
na’iue £Jle3Jle uoja’Ianajy cnojy aKTHBHOOT 3’
npeMe y3HMama xpaue. PeaJcgHa )~Cji03Th~ Ha
y~uMaite xpane Jo ypOt)elia H nia p4JIeKCHH
KapaxTep, Tj. Kajia ce oTexHy o~ipeI)eHe oKOJiHO
0TH, mu cc onBHja Hy)KaO H ayToMaTcKH. ~1py-
ro, nexe JWaJKH KaO InTO JC Hill). 3ByK mona, He
H3a3HnaJy peaKuHJy nIbyna’IHHX ~K31e31Ia. Ha
snyK mona rue he Moxv~a 11a na’iyma yuui, rrn
xpany Koja ynex H ayToMaTcxH floRpehe Tajpe
4rneKc — 6CSYCJIOBHa Jspa)z
lCa.zxa cc j~o6po Y’IBPCTH, YC.IIOBIIH pe4jiexc
MOMCO Garn ynoTpe6men xao Ge3ycnonHH y
cTnapamy Honor YOJIODHOr pØjiexc& Hanjion
Jb~BH uGH cy Hay’lHirn JIa baJHBHpajy na noxa
3Hnan,e upuor xnasjpaTa xaaa je Taj KBaJIpar
naiiaran HOTOnpeMeflo ca 3flyKOM mOna KOjHje
neh c~exao CBOJGTBO ycaionne JIpawur. Ty je pe~
o YCJIOB.1La9a13y EJIWePpeA’a
Eyxiyffi-j j~a C)’ KacnHje JJpyrH HewaMdHBa
‘In OIIHCaJTH JOfl! HeRe OGJiIjxe yaema KOje cMa
TPaiy ycJIonThanaj~,e~,j, MexanH3aM y’ielba KOjH
Jo H3y’Iaflao Hanjroa )~anac cc nasHua ,cqa
OWIJIa ycJIonJnasay~C
HHcTpyMeHTa.jfl~~ y’iewe
3a pasjrmcy OL~ EjIacIFujor ycnonjbana
ma xoj e yxJbyqyj e ayToMaTcIco, pe
4ulexccHo floHamame, HHOTPYMeHTa3I
Ho y’ieme cc TOMOJEH yrsraBnoM na
BOJEHOM, HaMepHoM noHamamy. )~o
HH0TpyMOHTaJJIJor y’ien,a ,gosra~~ ~a
Jba je jeLbHHKa axTnBHa, KaLba je Hup.
MOTHBHOaHa j~a HeIliTo nocTurHe 141114
H3GerHe. EKOIICPHMCHTH cy Bpijjenji
ca )KHB0THH,aMa HJ1~yLbHMa. Y MHOfl41.4
ucwa)KunamHMa y’JecTnonana cy 4be-
I’O,Z~ )ICIIBoTHma LbOLbHpHe floulyry, y
jeyzny nocyj~y nay~je Maim
xpane. A~zo )KHBOTHma ~~O’1He cn~
y’recTaulHje .Iba LbO~Hpyje 13’ noj{yry
3HaqH fl je yCUOCTaBJ-rula Be3y 143-
MeI’jy nonyre H Lbo6Hjama xpaue. Ky
rnnije xpaHe flocTajy flOTKpenmHBa
‘111 3a r.naLbay )KHBOTH{-by, a JXOLbHpHBa
me nonyre (Lbaure, jeLbna paiw~a Hum
oneparJi4-ja) no cTaj e cpeLbcTBo (on
crpyMeHT) 3a ~ouja,xe~ Jbo xpaHe. 3a-
TO Jo Cici-mep T3’ BpeTy y’iema z-Ia3Bao
OfICpaIfIrHo yCJIo3jrbaaay~z,e HuH JIM
CTPYMOHTIIJIHO y’Iema Moryhe je H3a-
Gpam 6nno KOjH flOKpeT )KHEOTHH~,e, na
Ii Heirn rn ~‘ BpCTy )KHBOTFJma IcpajFbe
aeyo6FnajeH, H YBOK jOj, KaLba H3BeLbe
Taj noicpeT, )jaTH xpany. fJoc.rie flexor
apeMei-Ia )KHBOTI4H,a he yneic Kaj~a je
rnajfl-ja J43BOflnnj ynpano Taj noxpet
V HcTpa4(HflaJf,fl~~ aHblpyMenTa.TiHor
y’lema noun Ce pa’lyna 0 uiiinoy MoTIfiluhlIffe
(InTo Jo M0THBaJIHJa JaMa, TO Jo jaMa H aKTHB
HOOT jenHnKe) HO clpaTerHJH HJThI paCIIOpeJ4y
ilOTtcpeIrJy,smajj,a, KOJH MO)Ke HM~TK LjrnpMy
KOIITHHyufpayjop HUH PCRQBHO~ H .qHCzeonrH
Hyffpanor HBH noEpeMenor noTucperzmnBama
Y Hcwa)IcHnamnMa y KOJHM cy y’IecTnonajla
Jleua, xao MOTHB KOpHifiheHa Jo xcema )ta Ge

45
44
imp. mo6nje iie~a Hrpa’uca, HOCTHF11C ydilex y
TaxMwleiby, mo6Hje onnwlIla oneHa, ucTalute
npem mpyfltMa HJ1H HCHyHC o’iexnnalua p01114-
TeJba, HacTanmuca, npffllbaKa HJ1H caMOf CXC
nepHMeHTaTOpa. 3aJlOnOJl’Clbe aKTyaJIH3Olla-
HOt MoTmia 3’ HCKHM ucTpa)KHuaibHMa 6Hno je
BeaaHo 3a CaXyHJbaH’e ollpcIJeIlor 6poja ,noc
ira”. Kajia meTe 3a ciiax~ no6ap HocTynaK 141111
Taqan O11VOBOP mo6nje (iiarpa,ww) ,,rrocu”, TO
jC KanmwyHpaHO 110 TKpdnJzalBame. V TOM
dayMajy meTe Mo)Ke Gpo ma ca~yn~ oiraj Gpoj
noeHa xOJH je HOTpeGaH sa o6ehaHy uarpany.
J4irrcpecOnaibc ~a maJbe y~eiuhe y TOj axTilil
11OCT14 yrJlanhiOM onajia. CwaTenlja IroapoMo
;ior noTKpdnJbuBama je Taico uOaeIuella ma
cnax~ TaNaH o.aronOp lie noiiodll HOTlcpenJbe
ibe (,,noeW’). Ympflono Jo iza Jo noiiauiai~o
CTO’IOJI0 ilyToM nonpoMoliar noTKpolvwrnama
Miloro T~8Jff Jo og OliOr KOJO Jo eTC ‘ICHO KOIITH
iiyHpaiiHM H0TKpCIIJEUBamCM.
flocroje pasiie npcTC no~xpenm~~a’ia. Ka
maje noTxperubHna’1 caM HO ce6a Harpama, icao
mTO Cy imp. xpaHa mm fowl, orna je peN 0
llpHM3pHOM llOTKpOiiJbffBa~Y. MecTo 0110 llFtO
cc moGnia icao uoTKpeHmeibe, TCK nyTeM
y’lelba HocTaje BpewrOcT V TOM c1Iy~ajy y 1111-
Tarby je coxyHIzapirn noTKpdHJEHBa’f. Flonau je
neoMa ciia~tcafl ceKymlapHH noTKpenJbnBa’1 jep
Ce M0)Ke pa3MCIIHTH 3apasire HpHMapi1e H apy
Fe ceicyrniapile nOT1cpeHmnh3a~e. CeKyHnapIiH
HOTKpenmHBaNH uMajy BeoMa Ba)icIry yiTory 3’
myllcicOM y~ei~y. Oueirc, npwiiialbe, IIaKnO
HOOT, ~FJlC11 H Cit C)’ HOTlcpenThmia’114 K0j14 Hac
nomcTHNy Ha aXTHBIIOCT, imp. ira yNelbe, pall,
cTBapaaawTno. HeitzH HoTKpenmHna’m cy ca
Mil rio ceGH npnjamH, 1103WF1FBHU, Ha cc Tpy
mHMo ma Hz mOGHjeMO. HeKH cy HeY10111114,
nora rscnuH, na cc TpYmHMO ma ux HaGerneMo.
V y’remy 1T~T~M KJI8CIIcHOP ycJroB
JLaB2H,a jeAwHKa jC H2CHBHZI jIa Jul he
,ztohu 11O y~ema IJCKJLyTHRO 3aEHc14 Oil
cpeJsuHclcHX OKOJIHOCTPL Kao L1JTO Sf4-
jC kIM8JT2 KOHTJJOJT.Y H811 ITpOUCCOM
~Wlb4 TUJCO jenHica SCMa K0IITpOJIY
Hid Hall idcllo.aasarbeM HayYeHor. Kao
H 6e~yc.ironar, ~CJuORHH peQ5fleKc cc
2yT0MaTCKH OflBI’1j2 KWI2 cc CTCKHY
ofipeijeHe OK0EHOCTH.
46
Ko,a HHcTpyMCHT3JTHOP ycJloBiba
nama flCThC je peayjrrairra arfldBHO
CI’S yc~epeiie Ha 3~flOROJL~B2ThC 1101(0
JToTpe6e H iza~iina Ha 1cOjH C)’
apaHxcupaHe OKOJIHOCTI4 17O~~ ICOfJIM
2KTI4BHOCT jOJUIHKC Mo)K0 112 ,IZORCAO
ito 3a,zxoBoJbema norpe6e. Plaxo norpe—
Ua aoicpehe aicTidnilOcT, cliofLauirThid
~~2HX(M2H je Øarrop xojJI o,ztpeflyje
cue 6HTHC oco6irne npoijeca y’IeI-ba ii
meronux ecJ,eicara CRC LUTO jenHica
Moxce lIocTI4hII, TO Jo fla yTBpnJ-I Icoja
aKTJIEH0CT 5’ ,U2TJIM ~CJIOBI4M2 ROAW
aaJronoJbemy noTpe6e.
Y’wn,e yBilijalbeM
Y~ea~e ynHl1aHeM je TICHXOJIOUIXI4
8h4W11, cno)KeHHJH 11 flpoThyKTHBHHjH
o6nmc y~eita. Je~wHKa ii~a icmy’lHy
ynory ne caMO y rioxpeTatby flpOUeCa
flex-ba Hero H y H~eronOM ycMepaBa
H,y, uoPjiemy 111W o6JmKoBaH~y. ifiTo TO
311a’lu? To ~~aqr-i ~a B~CTY H IIHTeH3H-
TeT aKTHBH0CTH jeJjliHKe HO ojipflyje
caMO TheHa Henocpemaa MornBarxHja
(noTpe6a KOj a TpaEr-l 3aRoBomeme),
HCFO H H,eHO RHflCMC ii pa3yMeRaH,e
Izene cHTyazwje. Bnl’jeae H pa3yMefla-
n,e cnTyaw-lje MO)Ke, CBeHTyaJIHO, 11,0-
BeCTH 71,0 Tora ~a CaMa je)nInlca
H3BpWH HI-fl BehHx HuH Maaux npo
Mel-la 3’ CBOM oxpy)Icemy, H THMe peiu~
npo6sreM C KOjHM jO eyo’JeH& YMOCTO
ynop~e aim HacyMwJHe aKTHBHOCTH,
JemHHKa nocMaTpa H aHaJmI3Hpa
0ICOJIHOCTH icoje je OKpy)lcyjy, HOBpe
MeHo 11~~BH lisBeci-le noxymaje. To
MOAC~ TpajaTH xpahe Him myEe, a 3a-
THM ce H,eHo noHaman,e i-iarixo Mel-La:
oHa H3B071,H aXTHBH0CT KOjOM 71,onaaH
71,0 flHJh~. V xacHnjnM noxymajHMa He
nonaBma panuje rpemKe, nero caMo
OH~ aICTHBHOCT Icojaje e4mKacHa. ifiTo
ce )7oro~wno? Je71,HHKa Jo yo’lHiJa ~ja
noue3HBameM 7j~JIOB~ oxpyXcelFa IcOjU
joj nepuenTHEHo HHCy gani xcao ue y~eH,a yBHhlax-beM OHo INTO je 3aje,~-
iuiHa, 7~o6nja uenuHy icoja npe~~
HH’IICO CBHM OGJJHUHMa COL1,Hjauj~~p
cTafliba peiuema npo5jleMa C KOJHM je
y’IeI-La, H INTO je Iterona dneun~
cyo’IeHa.
4HI~HOcT y og~ocy Ha Lipyre BPCTO
Ty npcry yqema cIccHepHMenTaJJljo je
y~e1ta, jecTe flOCTOjafl~e MoilejIa 113TH
upOy~anao H OHHCa0 Keaep (W. K~hler, 1887—
1967). V xa~e~y 3’ KojeM Ce naula3H mHMHanaa, y3Opa npeMa KojeM jeJlHuxa 3ay3HMa
071,pfleHH 0J1,HOc. Mqgejj Mory 511TH
ca naa~oua EJICH Gaijaiia xojy ire MOMCC ma mox.
BaTH. Majr.iyn HCXOJJHico HyTh CXO’IH yBHc, KO1JJcpeTJ-Je oco5e ca KOjHM CMO y no
riomi-o He HOCTH)lce UHJb, omycTaje om TOT& V nocpeanoj HHTepalcj1,Hj H (imp. Majxa,
oi’aq, CTapHjH SpaT; cyce~, nacTan
icanc3y Ce lIaJlaau Helcoimico CaH11yxa. Ba je
Hmc..) 113W ocoGe xoje ce nojans&yjy y
;iaJI Haje monoji,jio nemuica mace camera MO)Ice
mOIcy’IHTH Gaaana, MajMyH Ce HonjJa’m, xao ma jannocTu (i-mp. nonyulapHH •ya6a-
,,pa3I.muLma”. HOC11e il3fledHor BpeMeIla HCH0m JIep, OMHJI,eHH rJIyMaI~ HOBH necHmc,
Gai iane CTaUH jemair, na na oBaj ~pyI-H H moxBa HCTaICHYTH IIOJIHTH’Iap, 11O3HaTH
Til Gaaany. Kama je 01’Jiem flOHOflibea, flauie Hay’iHnIc. .). ~{ecTo MOJ1,eJI HHje 1(013-
lIaje Gaujo m~ norpemmix noxyluaja mi Oicjre IcpeTna ocoSa Hero O41,pfleHn ,,T1ifl
nama MajMyH je Cu!arao caHmyKe H nemao cc Ha oco6e”. Cpej~ni-ia H~M Hy71,H ,,cJIHIcy”
ibnx ma Git iloxEaTHo GaHaHy Keaep CMalpa ma Hnp. ,,npaBor Mymlcapqa”, ,,npaBe
je i-a Harula npoMella 3’ nonamamy Maj~y~~a no
)IceHe”, ,,j~o6por y9enmca”, ,,ydneuj
cjlejifflta yBnjj~ yo~anama 014’Hoca FI3MCIJy 03-
nor dnopTHcTe”, ,,BejIHxor HCTPa)1(H.
BOJCHHX llCpLWIrrJjpuhqx CJICMCH8T$3 3’ OBOM
B~Ma”, ,,flOcJioBi-jor ‘loBexa”, ,j~o6por
or.nemy li3MeIjy BHCHILe Ha KOjoj je Olca’rejra Ga
rpflanuna”, ,,Mo~epHor 11OJIHTH’j~-
Hal-la H neJmqHne CaIwyxa xoja cy pa3GauaaH
pa”.. Mo c~o ~a Mo~ej~ Il3aSparnl
no xane3y. Ho TOM TCpMHHy je ii OBaj OGJJ}IK
,,cJn-ncy” Kojy llama ~ o’iexyje
y~ema mo6no liMe.
j~a Haa5epeMo mm, axo je Ham HaSop
Kom myma y’sen,e ynahlameM je jemna om
Haj3na’fajJfHjax H HajmHpe HPHMCIIJbIIBHX TaKaB j~a ra cpe~Hna o~o6paBa, epe
npc-ra y’iema. WaX H y CnTyannjaMa icoje aaxre j~Hna he Hac Ha paane na’mHe oxpa
najy Hnp. yBelc6aflan,e MOT0pHHx nemTHna 5PHBaTH 7~a ce nouaman,eM H 0cO511-
HuH MCMOpflCaIf~e GpOjeBa, naanna 143114 GCCMH llaMa yrnel1,aMo Ha Taj M071,OJL
CJICHHX campMcaja, JbyIflI C)’ CXJIOHH iia warajy
3a OflHOCID4a Meijy eJIeMeHTHMa Koje y’re HuH Kaxo he H3rJ1e7~aTH y~e1te no Mo
~ ~~‘mHHMa ma cnTyalIajy y’rema
71,eJiy H mTa he OHO OSYXBaTIITH, 3aBH-
CII 071, ~ora xaxa~ je 07~Hoc oHor KOJH
y’iiiiie CMHCaOHOM ~ai4ac HOCTOjH NaTafla
yqH npeMa H3aGpaHoM (mm Ha Helm
oGjiacr npliMefl,ene fldflxoiflrnje Koja cc Gaun
3’~eTheM nyTeM OTXpHha 1-! y’lemeM nyTeM ,gpyrn HaMHH nocTanmenoM) Mo71,eJIy.
Ba,rdHe cy ,L1,Be K0MIIOHeHTe TOr 011,130-
pemanama npoGuleMa. Homro 1cm y’nry yuiory y
TOM y’iemy liMajy MHCaOHH H~O1jeC14, TO cc o Ca: (1) CMOL(HOHaJTHH O2HOC upeMa
TaM HCTPa3KHBaThHMa obn’ino ronopH 3’ OXBH MOJ1,esJy (eBen-ryajlno H y3flpaTnjj
P3’ nOrirajiwa 0 MHmmemy 0MOUHOHa31HH 071,HOc MOJIeJIa) H (2)
CCJICICTHBHJJ Ofinoc npeMa nonamamy
H ocoSHuaMa MOJ~ej1a. flona3ehH o,u Ta
Yqeae no Mo~e~iy
,gfla kPHTepHjyMa, MO)KeMo pa3umxo-
BaTH T~H ocuonHa OSJflflca y’ieaa no
Yzjen,e j~o Kojer )1,oslaaH y couxijaji
MoJ1,e.ny: OHOHaIJJaF6C, Iloucroneheme
I-HIM dHTyauHjaMa 110 flpaBaay je II y’ICH,e yJiora.
cjlo)xcello ~ Hcnoibana ce y pa
Ononaujame mm HMHTaUHja
3JI14qHflj~ O6JIHUHMa. OHO je 1C0M611-
npBeHcTBeno ce sacifilBa i-ia noc~a
Halinja flex-La ycJJoBSbaBaaeM H TpaFhy noHamalf,a MoJ1,eJIa, a Hcnossa
47
 r
mpyre oco6Hne icoje 03’ BazcHe 3a BPCTE Y’IEHA ]EIPEMA nonanibama H sanarama Hero pasyM
~a ce 3’ lconl1pamy rIOjCmHHI4X nocTy ycriex y dnopTy.
cMP){C~AJHMA KOJH CE Y4E JbHB H cMHcaoH MaTepUjauI UcTe
nasa huH aICTHBHOCTH MQneJ’a. HcTpa
Mo cc geija H.llei{TH4114IcyjY ca c~MJ1MCKRM myachne. )~a GHcMo onaxmajlH y~eme
,lcHaa’IH 03’ HCBHTHBaMH ed)eKTe rue MogegoM K0.JH licuoubaaa cOilHJanHO no)lceJbHo MaTepajana KOJH je Hcpa33’MJLHB Him
r~ama 4rnnMOBa y ICOjUM cc ,,jyHalc” noHaulame, 110 ilpanHuly goulasH go npoMeHe H c O63HpOM Ha B~CTY campicaj a i~0jH cc GecMHcncH, MecTo npn6eranaMo pas
nonama arpecliBilo. flpemulKoJlCKOi 3’ I5HXOBOM nonamamy. rpynn gene, 3’ Kojoj je ytf c, MOECMO ~~3J1HK0B~TH m~e OcHOB
HHM B~0TiLMiL ocMHuhJEaBama, rpynH
meLiH cy npHIca3HBaHH 4WJIMOBI4 y ico upeTXOllHO yTnpIieHo ga cc nnaiue sy6apa, H TO ~e npcTe M0T0~HO yceme K Bep6aJIHo cal-ba, nonesnnama camp)*caja icoje
jHM pa3HH MOmeiTH ymapajy, i.uyTnpa geqaljH mime Hero genoj’liule, npHKasaH je y~eThC.
nacTojilMo ma 3anaMErHMo. HcxycTno
j3’ BeJn4Ky JIyTKY lcnoBua. ,E~OK je 4mnM y icojeM eTapnjH 6paT nOAH cnojy MJIaI)y H3pa3oM ,,M0TOpHO y’ieme” Os
c~e~eno myroTpajHHM GanmemeM
HeKUM 4)H.JIMOBHMa MomeJi 6110 nOXBa H nnafllJbHBy ceospy KOjI sy6apa. OH je ynos natiaBa cc ycBaj al-be pasjm’IHTHX
T~l(BHM MaTepUjanoM mo~exne yGpsa
mUBaH a 3’ HeKHM xaAcFbaBaH 3a TalcaB itaje ca npegyCpeTJbHBlIM TexHH’iapeM H Th3’- BCLIITHHa, xao urr~ cy Hnp. cxHjamc,
Ba merono y’ieme H npomywcana
riocTynaK, 3’ JjJ)3’T’HM je npoJlasHo 6e3 Gasm-IM .YleKapOM H npBH cega 3’ OTOJIRII)’. gjiuBaH’e, BO)KI-ba Gni-u-i’cj’a, ynpaniba
naMheme Hay~eHor.
HCTHHa, ~auio cc nJiaUiH, autH cc mp~n xpa6po.
Ka3He, auni ~ 6ea narpame. HajBHuie CecTpH cy peicnH ga he Moxcga Mailo 6oneTH, ma pa3HHM ypebaiNMa Y~eme MO CMKCaOHO yvCThC je, y cTnapH,
HMnTauj1je MomeJia no) a~iuio ce KO)1 iLJIH ne npennme. Onaje, 6es oiculenama, cuiegH ropHe BeUITHHe CiLCTOJH cc 145
y’ieme ynHijameM Koje je npn~emeno
oHe meu~ Koja cy rJlemaula 4114MM ca Ha niL npHMep cuor GpaTa. Hocne rJlellalba 4nniMa yaez6anama flOJC~HH~MHHX noxpe~a
Ha BepGanHe campxaje. BepGanHH Ma
rpatflBameM. Momen Kojil je Gno y iøjeM je Gpat Gno Mogeul cecTpH, cua gega cy jj mHXOBOF rioBesHBama y ueJu-iHy. TepHjan 6x-ihe sa nac cMHcaon, npno —

lca,KmeH pelje je HMHTHpaH. y MaJIHM 4H-IJIMCKHM jynantiMa isugeula cBOjC
Pacrlpafla 0 rn4Tamy giL Jill HadllJbe icoje ce
JipHKaayje Ha TeJieBhi3HjlT noBehaBa arpedllB
IlOct icog gene 11OgCTaKJiaje Milora HGTpa)KHBa
ma. V jegitoM oruiegy genII og Tier go geBeT
roglihla npHKaaalL je xpahn 41131M (catiRl-bell 0)1
og~io~a~a jegne noilyJiapue TegdBw3HjcKe Ce
piije) y KojeM je 611310 jypibaBe, Ty’IC, Hyllalba,
Ho,KeBa 11 CM. )Ipyroj rpyliH gene npHKa3afl je
41143w noTe gy)Io11[e 0 BeoMa 31HIIaMWIHHM
cnopToBnMa, ana 6ea onei ta }tacIu~a~ IloeMa
Tpalbe xaoHHjer nollalualba TC gene nolca3auio
je ga cc noone rnegau,a 4rngMOBa Ca HacllJbeM
nonchana eTeneR arpeCHBltOCTH Acne.
TIOIICTOBCIieHC i-urn wrenri-uj5HKa-
wija je oGunIK y’leHa y icojeM je eMO
LUI0HaMHH OmHOc npe~a Momeny
IIOSHTHBaH Hill-i il3pa3HTO no3HTnBaH,
a HcnomaBa cc y J4acToj al-by mace con
cTBeHo noHaulame 3’ flCJIHHH cao6pa-
311 nonauiamy H ona)KennM oco6H-
naMa Mome.na. HmeHTH4)HKaLlHia MO
~ice, aim He Mopa yICJLyMHBaTH npOCT3’
HMHTaUHJy. )~e’laKy KOjfl ce wmenTH
4rnicyje ca nosHaTHM cn0pTH0TOM, Ma-
me je B~,KH0 ma cnoibauifl’HM si-ia
miMa (~pcc, sHa’iKa, npncnajame na
mHMKa H cii.) nolca)lce 080) OmHOC npe
Ma CEOM Y3°PY, Hero ma casna icaico
Tpe6a ga TpeHupa H ma ce nouaUla ma
6n n caM cTeKaO mama, BemTnHe H
yaope H H,HX0B cTpaic og ayfiapa ce cMamHo.
J~eMai1H cy, ‘tax, nOxasnuajIn nrnne dnpeMno
0TH ga ugy 1<031 sy6apa Hero geBOj’IHIle.
Y’wme ynora cpeheMo y urpH,
o6pasonamy H cBaKomHeBJriOM wdHBO
Ty.
HEHAMEPHO H HAMEPIIO Y’IEThE
Kama y~n~o rpamHBo in ucicor nixon
CKOI.’ npemMeTa, MH 3’MHMO ca naMe
~OM ma TO rpamllBO pasyMeMo H
3anaMTHMO. )~a 6ncMo T~ HaMepy H
OcTBapHJ’H, o6wino yJTaKeMO usBe
cTaH Hanop. ifiTo OMO BHme MOTHBH
caHH H saHHTepecOBaHH ma nocmr
HeMO ycneX y y’iemy, iiaxiue he HaM
nacTH ynarame noTpeGHOr nanOpa.
Remana ce, MehyTHM, ma cTHlrnj eM
pa3HnX oicoJlnOCTH neice ca~p)Kaje ~a
naMTHMO HaKO H~M TO i-lHje Gima na
~epa HHTH OMO cc TPYRHMH ma mO Tora
mote. )~OBOThHO je ma HaM nexo
ncnpwia SaHHMThHB moratai H MU
heMo ,,om npne” 5aHaMTHTH najnehii
meo camp)lcaja KOJH HaM je caoflmTen.
YiOMI4KO je pe~ o gora~ajy icojU je 3a
Hac na,KaH, naMheme he GUm noTny
HHje H TpajH~j~.
CyBHU1HH noxpeTH, sacToju H ycno aico cc cacTojU om pe’rn ~Hjc H~M je
panama cc yotianajy H TOKOM nezc6a-
sHaMex-be no3HaTO H pc’1cnHi~a icoje
ma nocTenel-JO oTx.rlamajy. KpajmH MO)K~M0 ma pa~y~c~o H, mpyro aico
gEfib ne)lc6ama je ma ce nemniHa ca
—
camp~ic~ ~snccny norwilcy 0T~~KT3’~3’
Enama mo cTdncHa Kojil oMoryhy) e me- Icojy MO)KCMO ma oTlcpHjcMo. Kaj~a
no npelIH3HO, 6p30 H ayTOMaTCXO 3’UHMO ~aican MaTepnjan, npncncTnc
nsBoteme.
no nacTojuMo ma yo’IHM0 merony no
Y’ieme crpaHor jest-wa, rpayu-IBa
r~~xy cTpylcTypy. Aico y T0M~ ydneMo,
113 HcTopHje, 61-IoirorHje H cu. npHMe
MaTepujaji cc Gpice fl~MTH H my’ice
pH cy nep6anuor y’iema. HpH nep6aii-
i-mM y’iemy Ba)icHa je nomena Ha
sampxcaBa. 3am cc o y~cmy cMHcao
Hor MaTepHjasla F0BO~H icao 0 .110-
MeXaHHMKO H c~~caono y’ieme. Mexa
FPNKOM yvemy. Ha np~~cp, y’Iemc
HK’IKO yveme je ~0CJ1OBHO 3a-
~HiLT0MCKHX c~pyx~ypa sax~cna no
naMhuBamc Bep6aJlHux camplcaja, Kao
rwixo y~cme, moic 3anaMhHname na
InTO cy nnp. jmc~e 1-IMel-la, HdnoBesa
3HBiL ejie~ena~a i-Is Kojux cc cacTo~H
HHX pe’iH, HH3OBiL Gpojena, cTHXOBH,
4opMyne, mecPHHHuHje, xnacH4nnca- jcmHa TaxBa cTpyxTypa, npc~cicno je
c-map McXaHHqKOr y~ema.
L~Hje, onllcl-1 H Cfl. Ha3HBa cc Mexa
HH’JKHM 3~TO 111Th cc cacToji-! H3
CsrncaoHo MilK JlOfl-PllCO y~eme
MMII Hajiw-Ipy HpMMCHJ’ y LUKOJICKOM
OHOJIHKO noHaBmama MaTepHjana KO
y’lelby 11 CDKM ,lZpy”IIM BMROBKMII
jH ce y’IH i(OJIHKO je noTpe6Ho ma ~a
y’iema 113 KFLM1’C MilK TeXCTE. OCHOBEII
TepHjaJi Gyme mocnoimo 3anaMheH H
oãenexcja CMKCIIOHOI’ y~ema C)’: (1)
penpomyiconan 3’ meroBoj HsBOpHoj
yo~aaaae ii ~II3)’MCB~ThC gzTeja
CFOPMH. OueHy 0 TOME ma je campAcaj
i-iay’iea ~OHOCHMO TeK icama ycrie~o ma CQ2ZP)KIIHKX 5’ TCKCTy, (2) I-LKXOBO icna
CMçJMJKOBaThe 110 CTCIICHJ’ OflIJJTOCTI-1,
pa nexoii~ico ny~a 3’3~CTOflH0 penpo
311II’lajy K ca,upxcajy, ii (3) HaMheme
myxyjeMo Ges HjemHe rpemice. Mexa
OHOF IIFTOJC OLICThCHO no 6MTHO.
HH’IKO y’ieme je Moryhe 6e3 oG3Hpa
i-ia TO ma Mn ~~33’M~MO M~TC~HJ~J1 1(0- CMncaoHo y’reme, ~1O HP~~BH~’lY, MC
JHy’IHMO Hill-Inc pa3yMcMo. HepasyM DORA-I HOTII)’HOM 3anaMhKBamy rexcTa,
ut,HB, GecMHcncH 1431H nemOBomHO aiiM H icwta ito TOfl R°~~ (imp.
CMHcJIeH MaTepHjan sax~ena BHme aaMheme 3IIKOHII y 1Ab143MIJIl, ØopMyJIa

48 49
y xeMnjn, aojclu4Hnx )te(1bIIHHIIHJB H
icqacia/rnicaiufja y ncHxoJzornjn ii
)zpyl’HM HaylcaMa, OHO cc He H3J eji
Ha~ryjc ca MCX3UWUCPIM y~emeM. TIp ii
RHKOM cMHcaoHor y~crin VBCK
HocTojU yocrai~ame H ~~3YMCB~FbC o~
Ho’Ja Mel))’ ~JICMCHTHM~ caitpxcaja ICO
jn cc y’rn, UJTO oMoryhana ,qa cc ito
peilpoAtyICI1Hje ,zrol)e pa3MHLUJLaIbcM 0
cajzpicajy a HC FLCPOBHM MexaHI4wcnM
HoHaBibameM.
WAHOFEP YqEH,A
fflxo.mcxoM y~eHy H ~‘1~1b~ u3 icmnra
fl~HJ1~3HMO ca y~epei~e~ ma ce
cTe’ieHa 3Hama H BemTHHe ~ory upu
M~HHTH ~f )~aTheM y’ieay H y O6aBJba-
H3’ J3~3J1H~HTHX aXTHBH0cTH rIOTpeG
mix 3’ cnaicomHe~no~ >1CHB0T~ H 6y—
gylleM 3auHMaay. flpeHouieme si-ia--
ma CTCMCHHX y jemHoj cHTyal~HjH Ha
pemaBaH,e npo6ne~a y mpyrim~i cii
TyaL~HjaMa Ha3HBa cc TpaHcØcp
y~cma. MHor’o je mo~asa ma nocTojH
TpaHc4~ep: patiyncxce pam~e iiay~eiie
3’ UJKOJIH IC0~HCT~ cc y maibeM y~eFLy,
aim n 3’ ~~3HHM cBaxomHeBHHM alcTHB
HOGTHM~ H3B~H uhicojie; 3HaH,e H3 reo
rpa4mje no~axce y y’iemy mpynax
npemMeTa, ajuii H y paay~euamy BCCTH
Koje ciiytua~o Him ‘IHTaMO, 3’ ruiami
pamy ny~onama H Cfl. TaxuH H CJIH’1HH
cnyqajeuH TpaHc4~epa aacHHBajy cc
Ha MHThCHHUH ma cy camp)xajH yiiema
HJ(CHTJIVHH ca nojemHHHM campxajn
Ma Gymyher y~ema Him H~KC
uamrncojicxe cHTyaunje. 4~0McT y~e
ma GH GHo sanc~a ClC~0M~H axo 6n no
cTojasla C~M0 Ta B~OT~ TpaHc4~epa.
Ka,zra flhlMO, pa3BHj3jy cc ~arnc cr10-
coãHocTH onaicama, yvema, MI-ILUJLC
ma, 0~F8HH3OB~Th~ HCICyCTaBL2 CTcVc
HHXJ’JJa3JTHVHTHM curyaw’rjaMa 1-1 He
pzojw~a To H~M OMoryhaua ma Gyme
50
MO ~CflCWHH y pcuuauamy H TaKBij~i~
npo6sieMa iCOjH C~~P)KHHCKH He i1H’1e~
na 0110 UITO OMO y’IHJIH 3’ UIKOJ1U o~
‘leMy CMO ‘IHTanH H3 YU6CHHKa H KH~it4
ra. Orrun-u HPHHLIHHH H onzura 38a.
ma xoja cy cTC’leHa aKTHBHHM
MeTomaMa y’iema H nay~eiia ca pasyd>;
MCB~ThCM HMajy BHCOI< CTCIICH npijS
MeH,HBOCTH 3’ HOBHM cHTya1~Hjafl~
Ha np~~cp, y~er~e MaTeMaTHKe, 4w
3111CC, c~pai-ior j C3HK~ H mpyrux cHore:
Ma 3H~lL~ hCOjH nopem Henocpemne
ynoTpe6mHJ300TH, campxce onm~c Mo:
~eJhc onaxaii,a, oprauH3oBama, pe3o.
HOBaHza H sax.my’iHBama, aHra~xyje
cue B~CTC HHTCJTeKTyaJIHHx onepauw
ja H T~X0 ~0T1PHHOCH paauojy HHre.
.unreHuHjc H cnoco6HocTli y~ema.
KOJIH’JHHa TpaHc4~epa 3auHcH H oj~
oco6mw Jm’n-IOCTH y’IeHHxa, HElp. oj~
ii,nxoue HHTCJIHreHUHJC H MOTHBHCa.
HOOTH. HHTCJIHreHTHHjH y’ICHHqII
Gpice i-i TatiHnje yBH1~Jajy CMHC~O rpa
m~ua Icoje y’ie, G1CJIOHH cy ma HsBome
OHLUTC fl~HH~HIIC H npauaria, Jialcifie
yo’Iauajy sa xoje 6y~yhe cHTyai~Hjeje
TO IJITO y’ie uaxcHo. MOTHBHCaHII
~4CHH~H nonase om uHma y~cH,a, TaJ
WI-JT~ BC3yjy sa 6ymyhc aKTHBHOCTH og
KOjHX cy HCKC B~CMCHC1CH Gimcice
(up. noiiarame udnHTa), a HC1CC cy
ymamei-ie (imp. npHMcua y 6ymyhoj
npod~ecHjH).
-t * *
CTHrJJH cTe mo icpaja norjiauma o
noiMy y’iema H 0cH0BHHM upc~a~a
y’iema. Y3MHTC HOBH .JIHCT H B~~THTC
cc Ha flO’1CT~IC norjiauma 0 y~cmy. Y
BH~Y H3no)~a, cJIyEchH cc Icn,uroM,
caxce~o 3anHmHTe cue HITO
6HTHHM sa paay~ename y~ema icao
ncHxH~xor npoi~eca, a 3~THM oj~jio
)KHTC IC1*,HF3’ H H3BO~ ICOJH cre 3’HpaBO
ca’UIHHJm. (BpeMc ~a npaBmeH,e H3BQM)
,Lja nH cc, mOIC cTC ORb 9HTaJIH H
npaRHJIH H3B0m, omunjao npoi~ec
yqema? To heTe siaico npoBCpHTH. Ys—
MHTe HOBH JIHOT H HaIIHUIHTe Hacjlou
,,IJI-ra Je y~eite?”, SaTHM y mecuo~
yriW xpyHHO HaIIHIIJHTC Gpoj 3 11
00TaBHTC ra Ha CTOJI3’. BpcMe je ma ~a
flpauHTe xpaTlcy naysy. flpH’iajTe ca
yxyhaHHMa 0 HeqcMy ifiTO HCM~ ucse
ca J1C1CI.UijOM, Him TcJIe4)oHHpajTe BC
roMe, H.UH jom 6ome, H3flHTC Ha net
HaccT MHH3’T~ HarlOJbe. (BpeMe sa HAV3Y)
bmw je naysa npouuIa H NoHOBO
cemiiTe sa CTOJIOM, cama omroBopHTe
Ha llHTh1b~ KOjC cTC HanHcaJiH Ha liii-
CT)’ Gpoj 3. Kama saBpmHTe ca omroBo
pOM, 3’3MHTe JIHcToBc 1, 2 i-i 3 H
ynopcmHTc mc Hajnpc Mflyco6Ho, a
saTi-IM cnaicii ca H3BomoM KOjH CTC Ha
npauiiui~ ocnamajyhii ce Ha yu6enmc.
,L~a .im cc uamc sHaite o y~emy npo
MCHHJIO? 4~a JIH je nocTajlo noTrIyHH
jC, FIPcUH3HHjC H H3mH4~epeH11HpaHH
je? Bu cTe cBoje sHame sanHcasIH Ha
noMeTicy, 3’ TOK5’ H Ha IcpaJy pama Ha
OROM norJlauJby. Mo cc y norjiemy
camp)lcaja Ta T~H sanHca pa3JIHKyjy H
aico Te pasiuiiicc cMaTpaTc 3Ha~aJHHM,
ouma cc omiirpao npouec yMema.
Ca’JyBajTe JIHcTOBe icaico GHcTe ma
uammc omronope Morim ma ynopcmH
i-c ca omroBOpOM Icoju hcTc LI~TH icama
unp. cyTpa HJW xpoa HcIcOJIHKO maHa
noHoflO npo’uHTaTe i~eno norslanjbe.
Mo HOBH omrouop H omronop Gpoj 3
Gymy cJuH’IHH, TO he sHa’WTH majc ma
uac clcTBapeHa ilpOMeHa y sHam)’
~pajHa. Mo jc uch IIpBH sanuc
campzauaO cue LUTO H TpehH, TO sHa’ffl
ma arc om paHHjc SHaJIH cBe WTO je
campKaHO yondj JicKt&HjH. Mona CTC
onto Mano yEOTHYHHJIH cuojc sname.
Mo omrouopu ua .JmcToBuMa 2n3 He
Majy MHoro sajemHH’licOr ca usuomoM,
onma cc npoucc y~cma HHjc omurpao
jep cc uamc suamc 0 yqcH,y HHje npo
MeHHJIO.
HAM’hEFbE
Bumeim cMO ma jc y~cme cnoxceua
ncHxwuca •yi-ixuHja. flaMhemc jc
cyuhTHna TC 4yHicuHje. flaMheme jc
npoucc sampicauama, ,,yclcJiamuuhTa
nama” HH4JopMauHja. Ornema cc y (1)
pcnpomylcouamy miii o6Haumamy H
(2) peicorHaLwjH HJIH npcnosHauamy
oHoramTo jc panHjc Gino ~ay~c~o, a
saTiM H y (3) yurrcmii B~CMtH~ HJIH
Gpoja noHaumama IIpHJIHKOM HOBOF
y~ema camp)lcaja KOjH 03’ 3’ Mchyupc
MCH~ C~CBHM huh ~ci1HMH~HO sa6o-
paBibeHH.
PcilpOAyKLtHja jc usBcLuTaj oco6c
o OHOMC UITO je pauHje uHmeJia, uyiia,
‘mHHna Him npo’iHTaJIa. Pcnpomyx
uHia nexor rpamHua M0XCC ycJhcmHTH
nocjie npuor ‘hHTama uim nociic unmc
qnTama. 14HTh penpOmyicuHje je ma
oua Gymc ,,~ocJhOBHa” HuH ,,cno6om-
Ha”. Ha npuMcp, icama yqHMo pcl4HTa-
uHjy penpomylcl1Hia Tpc6a ma Gymc
—
mOcJIoRHa, a xama y’IHMO jemno no
rJIaBJbe us yu6cHHKa pcnpomyxuHja
—
Tpc6a ma Gymc cujo6omua. Y OBOM Tchc
ci-y 0 naMhcmy, Ba>icHo jc ma ~OMHMO
.norHqxy cTpyhcTypy Hsnarama, 3~THM
ma pasyMcMo oMacao H0BHX flOjMOBa
H n11aMTHMO TepMHHC KOjUM ce OHH
O3HaMaBaJY H ua icpajy ma sanaMTHMO
rilauHe nmcic. Kama ra GymeMo pcnpo
myKOBanH, cue pc~eu~ue heMo ono
GomHo 4rnpMyJIHCaTH, a pemOcilem
Hsnarama nojemHHnx TcMaTcxHx uc
JIHH~ 140)1Cc 6HTH HsMemeu 3’ MCf~H Kb
ja i-ic HapyLuaua jiorn~xy cTpylcTypy
~eJiHHc ‘rexcTa.
TlpeHo3HaBame je yTupbnuamc KO
jht campeicajH camammer HclcycTua cy
ueh paHHjc Gium npemMcT onaxcama
51

inn y~e~a. PaHHjH Caii~pxajH cy H3-
MCUIaHH ca HOBHM cagp)xajnMa H HO
Tpe6Ho je ,ga ica)iceMo xoje CMO
ca~p4caje paHHje cpeTaJJn. Y norijan
my o naMhemy MOZeTe H~CflO3H~TH
i-ieice T~~MHHC H nojMoBe UpCTXOgHHX
Ha norjlaBma, imp. us nornanma 0 0~-
~~HGKHM 0CHOB~M~ IIGHXH’IKOF ACHBO
Ta ii norna~ma o y~emy.
YIUTe,zra je TC~MHH XOJHM CC 03-
na~ana ‘IHH,eHnua ija je npn HOB0M
y~eH,y MaTepHj aim, JCOJH CMO nexa~a
6mm uay~nnn H y Mel)yBpeMeny 3a-
Gopanmin, flOTpe6HO icpahe upe~e ne
ro ~a HOTy KOJIH’IHHy CJIH’JHOF MaTe
pHj aim lCOjH HnKa~a HHCMO y~Hiu-I. Ty
B~CMCHCK~ pasjmmcy je EGuHrxay3 (H.
abingha~, 1850—1909) Ha3BaO ,,yzure
qa y ~emy’~ 3ajeyiHo ca flO3HaT0M
K~HB~Jb0M sa6opaBmaI1~a, Hay’mna ax
T~CJ1HOCT TOT’ flOjMa oj~pxcaima Ce ueo
Bex. flocrojame ymTefl HanOijil Ha
saxmy~ax irn ce je~HoM Hay’IeH MaTe
pnjaji nnxar~a TJ0Tfl~H0 He aa6opaB-
ma, z~a yBCK HOCTOjH HCKH ocTaTax.
ICpaTaoTpajno H syroTpaJlIo naMlielbe
C OG3HpOM Ha Tpajan,e, pa3Tnlxyjy cc xpaTxo
waino H myroTpajHo naMbeibe. Haxo 0 myro
WaJHOM naMheJby jelumo H ronOpHMO no 0
naMbeffy y npa~oM CMHcny, xpaTxoTpajHo
naMheae je neoMa B~)KH0 y CBHM ca3HajnHM
aKTHBHOOTHMa. Cxopo cnaxH ~THC~K Ha KOjH
CMO OGpaTHJIH fla)Kthy OcTaje HCKO UpeMe y He
nocpenHoM HuH xpaTxowajHoM naMhemy. Y
TOE)’ ‘~HThtE~, OGaBJEaJEa ~~M)’HCKHX pa~mH,H,
nHcaH,a uHoMemix cacTana, y pasronopy H
OBHM OCTaJIHM BpcTaMa npaxTwlHHx aETHEHO
0TH ~THCK~ H flOfl~TKC naMTHMO 110 ~iece~a~ cC
KYH1IH 113TH MHHyT—flua, one jiox cy H~M
noTpe6HH Ila 3anpmHMo aano’meTy paRH,y.
CHaIHHH, H3yseTrnm, nonanmann H aHa~ajHH
ymcuH npena~e y nyropoMHo naMhelbe. Tpaj
HO Hint ~~JT~THBHO TpajHo 3aJJpzxanaH,e
cnoace~or MaTepHjaula aax~cna onectan Hanop
52
r
~a cc aanaMrH, ccpnjy no;lanmaaa, rpynnca
ac, pe3nmpame H jipyra paaJTH’mTa ne~1c6a-
KBarnrraTlrnne npo~ene y caapxajlfMa
naMlieaa
Haxo HeRe nep6ajme H MoTopile caupxajc
Mo)fceMo nco~a u~cpHo pcnpoj~yxonant, 3a-
naMhelm ca,upMcajH Ce TOKOM npeMeHa MCH,ajy.
Hajnyzc rpajy OllifiTH YTHcIflt H 1JIaBHC 1fJ~eje.
J~eTaJbH Koja jtyro wajy npe~eno~ MemaJy
cnoje 3Ha~cn,c. Cnaxa nyT xauma noxyulaMo iw
pcTlpO1IyKyjeMO ca,np)fcaje Koje CMO paHuje 3a-
naMTHJTH, y cTnap~ H3llOBa HX peKoHcTpyHffle
MO H LICJTHMHqILO npcHHa’IanaMo. flex Te)KH
MO 2T~ OHO InTO TI~MTHMO HM~ CMHCJIa, jia neuiy
je IWJIOBHTO H JIOrH’4HO. Sa6opanmeHe H H3-
6jicj~ejje ~enone na.gox1raI~yjeMo OcMaulme
HHM opraHH3onaHeM OHOr TUTO je npeoCTaJTO,
na ‘T~K H nOnanan,eM HOBHX eJieMeHaTa. Tmmx
,,mopajia” MO)lceMo aim H H~ MopaMo yja §YACMO
oncc RH.
Hporiiene 3’ M03F3’
OpralLcxe ocnone, noce6Ho cImaHoslomKH H
GHOXcMHjcKH MCxaHH3MH naMhcma join ynex
HHcy JIOBOJbHO H3y’IeHH. HCKO.TTHEO TeOpHjaje
H3HeceHo. JenHa 021 IbHX TBpJIH 21a eJleKmpH’mHe
npoMeHe xoje cc ncmanajy y MO3~~ ocTanibajy
waroBe. Ta warOnH cy KpaTxo~mpajHe upoMe
He y Mo3ry. Axo cc TOK0M EpeMeHa nojane
nmnc nyTa, xao Hnp. 11pM noHanmau,y cajjp,xa
ja KOjH cc yic, OHH nocTajy WaJHH. TpajHH
~iparOnu H~3B~HH cy CHrpaMU. J3HrPaMJc, no
TOj TeopnjH, jcRHHHua naMlIcma, cTnaplia npo
MCHa y aKTHBHOcTH M03r& flpeMa npyroj rco
pHil-i, Mc!))’ HcypoHHMa KOJH C)’ axTIiaHpanH
IIpHJTHKOM y’ieita ydnocTas3majy cc neac,
y~ccm~io OGHaEIJT,aH,e HCTHX ncaa LIOBOIIH 110
mHxonor ycTaihanarna. YcTaJl,eHc neac YH3’-
Tap onpc!)dHHx henHjcldHx cxynona cy 4H3H0-
.omoluxa ocHona naMhcH,a. HOBHjc TeOpHjc
HOTH’Ty )‘JIOT7 bHOXCMHj0KHx npoiieca.
HHTAThE HP14P0LW
3AEOPABJBAThA
3a6OpaBibaHe cc ucnoma~a y HeMo
ryIIHO0TH penpo,z~yxoBaH,a MaTepnja
.na KOjH CMO panuje sHam. CaMHM
THM inTO H~M~MO 1.~eJm0BHTO H noy3)~a-
HO o6jammeme npnpqge naMl’lema,
nnTame TT~H~02~C sa6opaBmbaita je
join y~ex OTBOpCHO.
3amTo sa6opaBmaMo?
Haj’meuihe Ce H~B0~~ T~H o6jaiu-
men,a.
Fy6aewe ~paroua y MO3T’3’
Jey~no o6jamn~en3e HcTwIe j~a je sa6o-
pamame nocmieiunia c~ma6meaa H ry6-
meaa ~parona y M03m’y xojn cy
nacTamm y B~CMC y’mea,a. Aico nexo
sname He K0~HCTHM0 H HC O6HaBJba-
MO, ono 6nesji jep Hc’IesaBajy Tparo
BH y KOjHM je 6nno ,,sanncano”.
Py6meae ~paro~a ‘IHHH naMheme
npoJmaaHHM. O6janni,ei-i,e je ynepmu
BO, aim join ~ex He~ocTajy j~oxasn
Kojil 6u ra ~H~CKTH0 HOTBPbHBaJIH.
OCHM Tora, OHO je HenoTnyno. Kaxo
o6jacHHTH ~a HCKC ca~pxcaje naMTn
MO BCOM~ ~yro, naico HX F0J1HH~M~ HH
CMO o6nanmaiin? Ha npaMep, pa~ne
ISO.
N JHIGT)’ nero imp. cmmymnajy My3HKy. Icoja rpyna
00 c~iifflu,fle ugeje
N he HM~TH ni-flue yonexa y penpogyxijuja .ii11cTe
N
00 -~_
00-
40•
30
1~
IC-
0 0 0 20
Ome C QMIO3A ECJ0 ‘EM
CJIUKa 41 Kpuay.ma JaJopanmarba aa paaiiuqrn 3
BPCTC nepâaannx canp>traja
M0TO~H~ BemTHHe xa~ cy JeJ~H0M ~~o
Gpo nay~e~e He aa6opanJbajy Ce naico
HX rO~HHaMa He KOpHCTHM0. Tpe6a
o6jacHHTH H nojaBy u3HeHa~Hor
npHcehaH3a irnnno aanaMheHnx i-i y
MelJyBpeMeHy ,,sa6opaBmeHnx” ca~p
xcaja. YTBpteuo je ixa Ce c~ape oco6e
H0B~~MCHO BeoMa )KHBO npucehajy
z~oratjaja H3 ~~THThCTB~ H~KO i-TX CC To
KOM MHOFHX r~girna HHcy CChaJTH.
Hnax, n~~ej a o naMheay xao ycnocTa~
man3y ,,TparoBa” y M03F~ 11 3a6OpaB-
amy icao ry6memy THX ,,TparOna”,
HHje HanyinTena. JIOBa HcTpa)IcHBaH,a
H,iiy THM npaBueM.
1THTep4epem~IIja cai~pmcaja
J~pyro oöjamlbeme, xoje HoTaLle ~a no aa6opan-
n,ama nonaa~ ycuen Meulaiba 11 Me!)yco6nor
OMOTaLa nnajy rpam~na Koja Ce y’se jenno aa
npyniM, nasuna cc Teopffja uirrepØeperrnuje.
Ho TOM o6janrn,e~y icpam’my ynory aMa ne
Tojmxo lzyxana npoTexnor npeMeHa HaMc!)y
yNeiba 34 pciipOnyxijaje KOJTHKO (1) 0110 InTO
9m!UMO y TOM BpCMCHCKOM HHT~~I3~JT)’ H (2)no
xojer c~enena cy canpzcajH y’meH,a §112111 ycno
jeuw (Ti. mra je yac~o no KpHTepHjyM aa One
ity iw je )‘N~1bC §11mb aanpmeHo). H3ECIIcHH cy
§pojin-t orimenu KOjHTO nOTnp!)yjy. Ha npa~ep,
hUe rpyne ucmmmHHxa y’Ie JTHCTy §ecMHcne
in-tx cuorona (2111cm A). HcnaTani-rga 113 jeulliC
rpync, ‘mM Hay’Ie npny JTHOT)’, no6Hjajy ma
y’ie npyry umc~y (nacTa E~. HCHHTaMHIZH 113
npyre rpyne xajia Hay’me JmcTy A uc y’ie HOIl)’
A? flpeMa TeOpajH HHTepc~epemJHjc, y’men,e
nonux canp)Kaja he ~era~aano )‘TJUIaTH Ha pe
UPOIIyKTIHjy paHHje Hay’xemtx casmpxcaja, Tj.
noha he no nojane KOja cc aone perpoaicnmna
rnrxaCuusrja PeaymrraTH OrJTeJJa TO mTOTnp!)yjy:
HcrTaTaH}mn KOjH flOcJTe y’mema JTl-fOT~ A 11110)’
)‘MHJTH HOBy JTHCT3’ Hero cy cc §anium HeRON
25 30
mipyro~ aICTHB}Lomhy, §113TH 0)’ ycneTnHHjH y
PCIIPOhyKUHjH Te JIHCTC 021 OlD-tx HCfl11T~HKK~
KOjI-! cy y’IHJIH Hony mulcT)’. HcTpaz11na’m cy
OTHIITJTH Kopax 2IBJE~ H )‘TUpIIHJTH cy ma yxonu
53

KO HOCJIC y’Jelba LIOJIa3H onanaibe, penpOJtyK
flaja je 6oji,a Hero axo JIOCJIC y’Ielba nojiaaii
Oyjwo ]ipeMe.
Pannje Hay~eHo MoMce OTe)KaTH y’ieine Ito
BHX canp>xaja. Y TOM o.nyMajy Ce EOBO~H H ilpO
EIKTPIBHOJ ffffxPi5HIZUjff. Excnepw~teirrw KojaM
Je TO jjoxaaauo HM~JIH C)’ CJICJIeIIH TOK. Jeana
rpyna y’iH JIHCT)’ A, 3~THM JIHCT)’ B, a jipyra
rpyna y~H CaMO JII4CT)’ B. YTnpbdno je LW je
~ipyra rpyna ycnemnnje penpoLlyxonajla JIM
CTyB; npBOj rpym4je y’Ielbe nHCTeAOMeTaJIo
y~ei~e .IWCTe B.
AKO je 3a oneny LW Je MaTepi4ja~L uay’IeH
lcopumheH öiiaicn xpnTepHjyM (imp. HHjC
wa)xeI{o ,,npey’IauaIbe”, El]. BCIIH ñpoj ysa
CTOHHO ycnemn~x penpojijyxunja), Ta,aa je y
elSa Tuna flOM~H~flIX excnep~~eiia~a sa6o-
panmame lSuaio H3paMceIlHje.
11pM y’iemy CMHCaOHOr MaTepuja
.ria H H~H y~e~ty KOjC CC He CaCTOJH Ca-
MO 3’ HYKOM flOH~BJL~FE~ rpagHBa,
OflHC~H11 THHOBTI TIFJXT46HUHjC 3HaTH0
MaHe j~ona~e j~o n3paxcaja. ,TJa 6u ce
dnpe’IHJTO HZHXOBO jaBJbame 113Th 6ap
CMaHZHO ThHXOB ~THU~~J Ha npouec
y9BpwhHBaFba H~3’9CHHX rpagHBa,
6HTHC C)’ T~H CTBapH: (1) rToTpe6Ho je
ga Ce TCMCJLHO Hay’IH jegHo rp~gn~o
H ~TOBC)KC y ~CJIHH3f upe Hero RITO
npeljeMo Ha y’ieae ji~pyror rpagFlBa,
(2) 3’ TOKY y’ieaa Tpe6a ga o6paTHMo
na~icmy Ha CJIH’IHOCTH H ~~3JIHKC H3-
Mety ,zrna rpajui~a H ga mc IjgeHTH4~H-
IcyjeMo, H (3) noTpe6Ho je jia BOJ~HMO
paMyl-la 0 OCT~JThM ‘JHHHOIjIIMa
yeneui~or y~ema, imp. o ~CJIOBHM~
y~ema H MCTO~~M~ y’leffia. AKO Cy,
MehyTHM, Cagp)KaJH yMeH~a BCOM~ pa
3JTH’IH~TH (imp. Bep6aJIHH MaTepHjaJI
— MOTO~HC aKTHBHOCTH, HJiH CT~~HH
jC3HK MaTeMaTmca), HH jegaH og ona
—
gBa mna HHXH6Hu$je CC He jaBma.
YKOJIHKO y TOK~ yMeH,a r~p~or rpagH
Ba ,gol’je I~O npeaaCHheHoCTH, y~opa
113W ry6HTxa MOTFTBaLIHjC, j~pyro rpa
gHBO Ce cna6i~je 3’CBaJa H 6pEe 3a6o-
pauma.
54
MOTHBHCaHO aaGopann3aae
HHje CITOpHO ga MUore CTB~~H na
MC~HO HaMTHMO H ~ia qeCTo yJIa)KeMO
i-ianop ~xa 611 HX SaHaMTHJIH. )fl JIM flo
CTOJH H H~MC~HO Sa6OpaBJbaIte? Y
nCHxoJIorHjuje npHxnaheHo noeToja
H,e HQTJICKIJBaIba. floTnCKHBan,e je
o6nHx MOTHBHCaHOF aa6OpaBJbalta.
AKO cy HCK~ HCK~CTB~ HenpHxBaTmH
Ba 3~ oCo6y, jep Hnp. yrpo)TcaBajy tEe-
HO CaMonomToBal-be, oHa C)’ nerio
~KeJbHa H y cehamy. TaKBe Ca)~pEaje
oco6a ,,3a6opaBJEa”, naxo CC He pagH
O ry6mea,y ‘rparoBa H OMCTtEaMa y
yMemy. flpeMa TCOpHJH HOTHCKHBa
tEa, oco6a Ce He MO)KC CCTHTH flOTH
CH~TO~ Calipxcaja, aiiM OH 3aO6HJIaa-
HHM H3’TCM YJI~3H 3’ H,eHy CBCCT 3’
—
City,)’ BH~3’ OM~WKH H CJL
HATOJIOIfflCE IIPOMEHE
FIAM’REIEA
fIpoMeHe naMheH,a HM~J~ H KBaHTHTaTHBHH H
KB~3IHThTHBIIH aCnexr. KRaHTHTaTHBHC Upo
MeHe C)’ xlmepMne3Hja, xHnOMHesuja H p~3He
npcTe a~~esuje, a KBaJWTaTHBHC flpoMefle Cy
nonyfl,aBaH,e H~~3HHH~ Ca,ap)xajHMa KOJH CC
HHC)’ OLUIrpaiTH, none3Huame sanaMlienax
eJieMeHaTa Na HOB, y OfifioCy Ha peaima s6una-
lEa H~OH3BOJb~fl Ha’INM. XHITCpMHC3HJJI je no
ja’TaHa CII0006HOCT peHpomyxonaH,a OLipelie
HHX ca,npxcaja HHH cehalEa Ha oape1~eue ma
rflaje. Moxe mace nojanH y cxnony peaxuuje
Ha CT~C~HC cHTyannje y lcojHM je yrpoxeir
)KHBOT oco6e, a sani~ H xao TTOCJICJIHIIa
ynomema y OpraHH3aM ~exux upon Hill! ROil
HCKHX TC)KHX Men-raJIHHX oGoibeHa XHITOM
icesuja je c~amena CUOCOOHOCT penpomyKuHje
Hill! CehaH,a. MO)Ke HMaTH TICHIOFCHO 113TH Op
TaHCKO Ilopexilo. AMHC3HJa je ryGinax
naMhema YCJICII eMogHoflairne 113TH Mo2lqIaHe
~rpayMe. Mory je H3a3BaTH ilpexoMepfle fl03e
auxoxojia, upora H HCKHX MemlncaMeHaT& AM
nesujaje o6wmo CCJTeKThBHa (iloxaJTHsonalTa
na TpayMaTH’mu ilO)KHBJEaj 113TH HeKe ejIeMen
TC CWCCHC CHTyanHje), a pfle je KOHTHHyHpa
r
jia (ITCCnOC0lSII0CT Cehalba ira ene ifiTO CC s6n-
oxo H TTOCJIC TpayMalcxor mo)KHBJEaja)
1~~jpebaje renepajuisonaira aMlresHja, xou xoje
ocolSa saGopauma ,,can” )KHnOt H ‘ana oeo6a
jie salSopaBJba CRC Mirora sirama, RCIIITHHC H
jianHK~ C)’ joj iloCTynhie, aJIH saGopanHJla je
cue InTO 1IM~ 3rn’uw xapax~ep — HMe, nopojut
nosHaILHKe, lSHorpaclmjy, a.upecy.
Y pam)’ Ca nauHjelrTHMa, jiocebito xafla CC
ysuMa allaMIlC3a HMH T~~)KC CaMO HeEl! cneuu
cprr’lI{H nojja~H, nama nO)WTH pa’-ryira 0 TOMe
ma xom nallujeilTa lmje l43~~)KCH HCXII 0)1
TC2KHX nope~rehaja naMhelba.
ffllXOJIOllflCH YCJIOBH
YCIIEHIHOF YHEHA
~qemC je ~KTHBHOCT Icoja HMa BCJIHKH
y pa3Bojy CB~KC oco6e. Kao n
311a’Taj
CBaKa ~pyra aICnTBHOCT T~KO CC H
ytTetEe MOACC flJiaHHpaTH, opraHll3o-
uam, YHaIIPChHBaTH H )‘MHHIITH e4J14-
KaCHHjHM. TaKaB 3~KJE~M~K CJIC~1H 113
enera UJTO je y fl~CTXO~HHM ogemwi
Ma ~CMCHO 0 B~CT~M~ yMeFLa, TpaH
~ c4epy yMeH,a, naMheH,y H salSopaB
math)’.
CnocoGHocTlI 3a yieite
[ 06H’THO Ce ycuex y y’re]by jionomH y ucay
Ca flue xapax~e~nc~uxe y~eimxa. Ca HUICJTH
~ FCIUIHjOM H C~ MoTl4naul4joM HCKyCTUO H MIlO
ra HCT~~)1CI4B~Tb~ yneiinxo noinpijyjy onpan
WIHOCT TaKEOF pesotronaira Ycoex y )‘MCIb)’
salmcH, MCIjyTHM, H Oil flPCl13ll~lb~, no~iranai~a
HITTCJICKTyaJTIIHX BCITTTHII~ H 3HaNaja xOjM
ocoGa npH)laje caMoM y’TeIby
IIpno, IIPCJL3IIBFLC je Oil nejinxe HOMOhH y
cTHuaH3y HOBHX s~ana Y lEoxy y~ema flexor
rpamana MOneMO )‘OMHTH ma cy HaM HCKH HOj
MOBH HCJaCIIH, ma cy HCIffl Campmcajn H~CBHfflC
CaKe-rH Hill! BC0M~ yoHwTeI[H To je airax ma
I na~ irejiocrajy usuecira npcmsnai~a
heMo y’IITHHTH )‘CHCffiTII4jHM, Max 14 GplcnM,
yxojmxo OJIBOJHMO noTpe6llo B~CMC LW CC elSa
IICCTHMO 0 canp)xajaMa ‘IHjC 11aM noanauaH,e
HemocTaje
Jlpyro, IIHTCJICKIJ’aJIHC DCIII THHC C)’ CacTan
flu neo npoijeca yNeH,a. Kom y~em-txa CPCIIH,e
InKoile npeTxroCTanma ce ma cy HeRe ocnon~e,
C3TCMCHTapHe aKTHBHOCTH, xao ifiTO C)’ nnp.
‘mTaH3e, ilaCame, paMyHcxe onepagHje, IIIHpH
na pe’urnxa, Gapaiame paCnoJToxcHnHM noma
nHMa H MoryhHoCTH norHqxor saxJhy’THnama
)10flCilCH~ £10 BHC0K0~ CTeneHa BCTIITHHC. OCHM
i-era, sa canJTa%zzanan,e nporpaMa cpemme UlKO
JTC, sanflcHo Oil Caap)Kaja KOjH CC )“lC y flOjemH
1mM mxomaMa, noipe6iro je ma yie~~x 3H~ rme
140)1CC lSpso ii .naxo HahH monyncxe HH4OpMa-
nuje. HanopH T~KBHX HH4opMa)1Hja C)’ pe’THI4-
ill!, CIIUHKJTOHCilHjC, HPHPy’LH1UIH H ciT. H caMe
MCTOilC ycneumor y’leHa ce Mory ynosnaTH,
ynC)ICSaTH H npHnaromHTu BJT~CTHTHM Cxno
HOcTHMa, CHOCO6HOCTHMa H TeMnepaMCHTy.
Tpehe, CT3E Sip CMIJ y’iCmy HM~ Taxohe
na)lcny yiTOry. Axe y y’lCIby BHilHMO 3Ha’TajHy
axTunhrocT, INTO OHO sal-IoTa ujecTe, Behaje ne
ponaThroha ma heMo M)’ npHhn ca nume pallos
H~3T0CTH H jacHHjHM O’TeICHBaH,HMa. HoErpe6Ho
je ma It0B~CMCH0 npemysHMaMo HeRe aKTHBH0-
CTH ~~MOMOTMBT4C~Th~ H caMonomc-r)ulama. Te
aKTHB}IOCTH Mory ma miy on CTBapaH,a aMOT
jeHTa y KOjeM je npHjaTHo yIHTH H PaJIHTH ca
xH,HroM, £10 HSHa3Ta)xema ysopa Ha KOJH heMo
ce C B~CM~H~ Ha B~CMC yrmenaTH. CBaKH H)’T
xa~fla ‘T)’JCMO 113TH npo’mTaMo TT~KH HCK~3 0
)“TCHI)’ H oGpasonaH,y xOjH je Ha H~C OcTanHO
noaHTHnaH yTHeax, we6a ma ra caMynaMo,
Hnp. HCNHTT[CMO Ha ill-JOT)’ X~~TH~C SaHHWEH
nor oGiluxa H cTaBHMO H~ 311)1, flO3THrt)’, apaTa,
nposop H3TH HeRO CJTH’1HO MCCTO. C3IH’IHO
MoICeMO nocTynaTH ca paSHHM oaneTHMa,
yII)’TCTBHMa 3a y’reH,e, ca OBOjHM padnopemoM
‘iacona, MCOCMHHM Hill! H~J1~3EHHM TT3T~HOM pa
ua. YxpaTxo: Tpe5a ma HeryjeMo Cnoj olmoc
npe~a yMeH,y, ma ra )‘~HHHMO EH)UEHBHM H ja
CHHM.
METO/I~E Y~flEllIH~~ YqEHA
OHo HITO jC CB~KOM y’JeHHICy floTpe6-
HO, TO je ~ SHa mTa je sa mera yCUCX
Y 3’MCFL)’ H j~a no3Haje MCTQ~C
yCfleJJTHor ~ Ha npno flHT~IEC
MO)KC C~MO CB~KH )IMCHHK ga ogroBo
~H 3a ce6e, a ~a gpyro flHTaite Mo)Tce
55

MO gaTil je~aH OflUITH o)~roBop y BHJ~y
nperiiega ,,TeXHHKa” JCOjHM ce rIO
cTH,Ice Beha P8J4HOH~JIHOCT y~eita H
o6e36et~iyjy noy3xrnHHjH HCXO~H
yMema. ilperneg heMo 0~~~HH~HTH
Ha TCXHHKC KOjC 03’ H~HM~HJbHB~ 3’
Bep6aJIH0M y~emy, H TO OHOM KOje
Te)KH pa~y~e~amy ca)~p3Icaja KOjH Ge
y’ie, OTK~HB~ThY ThHXOBC norwnce
cTpyxType.
Y’ieu,e ~ejnnie
CMHCaOHO y~eme je yBex yc~epe~o
Ha ycBajaH~e H sanaMhHBame LleJrnHe.
TeKCT KOjH Tpe6a j~a o6paj~HMo npeg—
cTaBma BeiniHy. Axo je 06HMaH H
cno)KeH, geJIHMO ra Ha H3BCGT~H Gpoj
3OICHX 1~exlHHa. ,lJeo6a Beher TCKGT~ je
BeoMa B~)K~H xopax ~j GMHG~OHOM
yqemy. Y’ieme nep6anHor rparflma ce
TeMeJLH Ha ~HTamy. MoxceMo paaJIH
KOB~TH T~H upc~e 9HTaH,a, 113tH
Ta’IHHJe — T~H ycMepeH2a fl~H qHTa
I-by.
flpBo ‘IHTaJ-be je TIPEFJIE~HO
UNTAThE HoTpe6Ho je Hajnpe
npO’IHTaTH TCKCT y UGJIHHH Kaxo
CMO gO6HJIH 3’BH~ ~f H3eroB caRpAcaj, y
TCM~TGK~ CTp3’KTY~Y H HHJIeHTHd2HK0-
B~JIH 3’)KC geJIHHe, ~CJIOBC H3 KOjHX je
cacTaBmeH. fflKOJICKH YJJ6eHHUJ-I ce no
npaBHny gene na m~pa rrornanma 11
yice oge~~xe y OICBH~Y IIOjegHHHX no
rnanma. THMe je y~eHHK3’ osiaxusa~o
ga GBaKY TCM~TGK~ J.~eJIHHy flO)~0JIH Ha
HCICOJIHKO MaHHX I.~eJ1HHa. Aico je npe
rneg~o ‘iwrau,e 6HJIO ycnel.uHo, caga
3H~MO 113 KOJIUKO ~)KHX I~eJiHHa ce
TCKCT cacTojH y KOJIHKH je H,HXOB
0611M. To 3ana4came Tpe6a 3a6e-
JIC)KHTH 3’ BH)13’ K~~TKHX HGK~3~ H
KJby’IHHX pe~H. THMC 3ano’InH~eMo
npaumeae ~a~oga, a gejia T~M~THK~
nocTaje gocTynHa jegHoM nornegy.
56
r
)~pyro ~HTaH,e je AHi4JII4TI~ItIIco
~prrAThE bmw GMO H3BpfflHJfl.~
geo6y T~KGT~ i-ia yace uejmne, onga
pegOM MHT~MO cuaKu geo, 11 To 6p31-j.
HOM Koja H~M oMoryhaBa ga noTnyno
~~33’M~MO CBC Hspa3e, GMHGaO GRaKe
pe~eHHue. burro OMO npO’IHTaJfli
jegHy TaKBy L~enHHy, UnTaMo cc: ga ~
CMO H~HU13LH Ha HemTo IJITO HHGMO
pa3yMeJm, j~a JIH cy H~M neirn Ca
gp)Kaju O~ paHuje noaHaTfi, ifiTa je y
TOM geiiy HajBaKHHje. Kaga npO’IHTa
MO jegaH ogcjtax i-urn nacyc, Tpe6a ga
fl~0B~PHMO ga nu H~M je jacaH. He
Tpe6a CC 3~J1OBOThHTI{ OIUUTHM ym
CICOM. Kaxo heMo H3B~U1HTH npoBepy?
JegaH ogemax H~M je jacaH yKoiluxo
01403’ c~aity ga YTBPJWMO Ha IcOje 1111-
Tame cc y ThCM3’ gaje o.groBop. Axo
GMO ycneii~ ga 4~OpMyJIHI1IeM0 nina
1-be, Tpe6a H ga ra 3anameMo. Ya nu
tame Tpe6a aa6enexcwru careT ogro
BO~ HJIH eneMenTe IcOje 6u Q~F0B0~
Tpe6a.no ga o6yxBaTH. Taxo qHTaMo
geo no geo, He H~CMO gai~e gox He pa
3~CU1HMO cBe Hejacnohe H UHT~IE~ y
geny KOJH je Ha pegy. flociie 3a-
spuie~or ~wrama CRUX ~)KHX ~eJIHHa
HM~MO Hciipeg ceGe HexonHico rpyna
flHT~Th~ H nasnaxe mTa Tpe6a ga yx
~ OgrOBOpH Ha T~ nHTama.
Aico CMO TaICO IIOCTyHHJII HM~MO Ii
OJIFOBOP Ha rIHrame: ~eMy cjiyxc~i 113-
Boil? Tlpaa’beme u3Boira je cpeircrno
MHca0H0I’ H HpaICTJIVHOT’ arfllBkIpaThaI
y T0K~ yvema, a ca~ il3BOfl CJi~YCH FaG:
17O)ZCCTHIJK I’I K~O IcpHTepHjyM 3a one
AtbIdBame ~CMCHOF H HHCM~H0P CJIIJ—
Tpehe ‘nrrame je CPIBTETWIKO
q14TAE6E. boniTo CMO I1~0MHT~JIH H
~H~J1H3H~~JIH GRe geiloBe, npenasu~o
Ha 1IOHOBHO ‘IHTaH,e ueiior TCKCT~ ca
~HrbeM ga ‘nipmhe opranuayjeMo og
Hoce H3MCIW nojeguHHx genona 11 sa
rI~MTHMO one nojMoBe, o6jauxaeaa,
j-igeje H 11OgaTKe Icoje CMO 0IJeHHJWI
xaO sHaMajHe. boTpe6Ho je yo’IHTH
norHMxy cTpyxTypy geJIHHe, 3aIJ~M-
filTH rnaBne ilgeje H o6jarnmema. Y
HaBOJI 3’HOCHMO Maibe JxoflyHC, Ha
ynagJbHB naqHH, Hflp~ GpojeBHMa,
3Be3gHu~aMa, cTpejlHgaMa 113tH nog
BJla’W1-beM, o6eneicaBaMo oHe ene
MeHTe KOjH 0J~C.llHK~B8j3’ .norH~Icy
c-rpyxTypy TCKCTa.
143 pe’IeHOr cjiegn ga TC1CCT Tpe6a
‘IHTaTH CB~KH nyT ca gpyra’IHjOM
opHjeHTaUHjOM. CBaKH nyT aHra)tcyje
MO gpyre HHTenexTyanHe onepaw4je.
Mame HCK~C~H 39CHHK MO)KC H~KC TM
nose ‘lHTaaa ga noHoBt-l gna nyTa, gox
ncicyca~ y’ICHHK MO)1C~ ga CIIOjH gaa
THna ‘IHTaaa y jegHo ‘rnTame. ,aaxne,
LuTa Tpe6a ynex ga Gyge 3acTynJbenO
IIpHJIHKOM y’IeHa? YBeK Tpe6a ga
npHMCHHMO cBe T~H oni-IcaHe opHjeH
TauHje: npeTpa,x~Bame geJior MaTe
pHja3la, aHanH3a TeMaT0KHX UCJIH11~ H
CTpyKTypHpalte flenHHC ca 3a-
naMhHBaaeM oHor IIITO je 6MTH0.
BalcHo je ga ce 3’ cBalcoj B~CTH ‘IHTa
ma ocnamaMo Ha nHcame.
Y’ieme pacnope~dHo y BpeMeHy
Mo je TeKet O6HMaH HJIH M~ ogjeg
HOM He Mo)ICCMO JIOCBCTMTH CRC HO
-rpe6Ho BpeMe, HeonXogHO je ga
HanpaBHMo 11 BpCMCHCKH pacaope~
pa,lza Ha TOM TCKCT3’. CeM -rora, CRC
UITO )KeRHM0 TpajHo ga 3anaMTHMo
noTpe6Ho je ga TO y’IMMO 3’ HCKOJWK0
HaBpaTa. YHeae pacnopetleHo 3’ Bpe
MeHy RHUIC ogro~apa 4H3HOJIOUJKOJ
CT~~HH npogeca naMheaa Hero yMe
me xoje je BpeMeHcIcH lcoHuenTpffca
HO H orpaHH~eno. EKCUCpHMeHTaJIHO
je goicasano ga Ce noc~incy 6omH pe
3~JIT~TH aico CC HCT~ KOJIHMHH~ EpeMe—
Ha pacnogeJIH Ha BehH Gpoj nepuoga,
Hero axo Ce CRC pacnoiioicu~o B~CMC
ogjegHoM ~JTOXH y y~eme ~aga~or r~ia
Tepujana. PacnogemenuM y~eme~ ce
Hs6eraBa HCraTHBHH ymuaj yr.iopa,
nagoxnflyje OHO UITO je 3’ Metyflpe
MCH3I aa6opaBmeno H Kp03 g3’2JCH ne
puog MHcnuMO 0 oHoMe mTO y’nwo.
Kaico ~srjiega paGnogeJEeno y~e
me? YKOJIRKO TO gyxcuna TCKCT~ L~O3-
BoJEaBa, rI~B0 H naj6pice ‘uname 6u
TpeGaJlo ga ce u3Bege y jegHoj Bpe
MCHCKOj gCJIHHH 1131113’ HCKOJIHKO Bpe
MCHCKHX nep~oga pa3gBojeHHx CaMo
nay~a~a Koje 03’ HCOtIXOJXH~ pagu og
~opa H o6aBmama OCTaJIHX aRTHRHO
CTH. L~HTh HaM JC ga 3’ ,,jegnOM gaxy”
carnegaMo UCJIHHY H 3’O’IHMO acne
rJiaBHe gejioBe. Kaga CMO aa~pmu~rn
ca fl~BHM ‘IHTaH,eM, Ogny~yjeMO na
jconHxo genoBa heMo nogejrn~u upo
HHraHo F~~~HBO H o3HaMuMo KOjH 03’
TO gCJIOBH.
quTame no genoBHMa Tpe6a yjeg
naqeno pacnopegnTH TOIcOM yxynnor
paCnoJio)KHBOF BpeMena. Ci~axu geo
uuTaMo UaKJbHBO, ananHsyjeMo lEe
roB cagpncaj, yo~a~a~o rJjaBHe ugeje,
Ba~KHe nogaTxe, H3B0gHM0 OBOJC 3ax-
0 flpO’iHTaHOM. Baxcno je ga
npe npenacxa Ha HOBH geo, 6p3HM
‘iHTameM HJJH ,,npernegameM” paHH
j e npoy’ienHX genona TeKCTa nOHOBU
MO CRC 0110 HITO 0140 OI4CHHJIH icao
3naqajno. H3BOgH xoje II~~B11MO 3’ TO
RY qurama cy eKonoMHqno cpegc’rBo
sa oGHaBmaae paiplje npe?jenilx ge
noBa npe paga Ha H0BUM ~enoBHMa
rpag11Ba. Kaga cy CBI-I genoBu relcoTa
ge~amno O6pa!~eHH, noTpe6no fix je
~CMCHHM HJIH nHCMCHHM C3IHffl~B~-
lECM 06jCgHHHTH 3’ l~eflHH3’.
57

ifiTa Je TO nacnnuo, a 111Th aKTHBHO
yqelbe?
fladnBHo y~eme ce GaGTOjH caMo 113
qnTaH,a TeiccTa. AICO Ce T~~~HMO )~a
11~0GTHM qHTaH,eM 3anaMTHMo TeKCT,
H BepyjeMo j~a he ycnex y~eaa 611TH
BehH H.rro BHUIG ny~a 11~O~HT~MO
TeKOT, oH)~a je j-iame y~eae HaCHBH0.
HaGHBHO y~eme aaxrena EMme Bpe
MeHa, 3~MO~HO jell MOHOTOHO, a ~aje
csia6e peayJITaTe.
• Kaxo M3fljM~ ~lCTMBHO y4ethe?
Onucaim cMO ra ronopehll 0 TJ)H
B~CT~ ‘InTafta H npa~memy lThaHa sa
pacno~ieme~o yqeme. Ca~a MO)JC~M0
T~J 011MG M~JIO ga npouIHpHMo.
CyLUTHHy 3KTMBHOF ywi~a ¶141114
ripaheme BJlacTpn’or ~aap e,aoBama
HeKH yuGeHrnxH cy Beh T~KO HanHea
1111 )~a H~G ~~3HHM 3a1~aL~HMa HaBQge
~a B~H1HMO TaKBe npoBepe. ilocite
na)KJLHBOF H T~M~JLHOF ‘IHT~tb~ je~He
ueimHe, Tpe6a ~a penpo~yxyjeMo
0110 UITO CMO 3anaMTaJm. Mo HHje y
HHT~EL~ MGX~HW{KO y~eme, peripo
uyKL~Hje MOF)’ 611TH BCOM~ caze’re
(HGTH~eMO G~MO rJlaBHe Taqice, naM
THMO GT~~KT31~~ HsnaraH~a) ilnil npno
onunip~e (xaita 1~eTaJbHo o6pa-
ajiaxce~o rjiaBHe u~geje, H~JI~3HM0 HO-
Be npHMepe, K0HCT~~HLU~MO H0B~
o6jaurn.eH,a, paaBHjaMo TeMy icoja je
y l(ThHSH C~)KCTO o~paheHa i-i en.).
CnHmaBaH,e Mo2IceMO B~11JHTH rim
CHO, aim H 3’ nHcMeHoj 4)OpMH. TIM
CMeH0 cilnulaBalEe Tpe6a ~a je
K0HLU-IsHo. OHo H~M oMoryhyje j~a
CBOj TCKCT YU0P~W4MO Ga KIFHIEOM H
YThP1WMO arra CMO sanaMTaJIH, KOjU
o~ 6HTHHX ene~e~a~a Hes~ocTajy Huh
Cy HGUJM1BHJIHO cxBaheHH. CeM Tora,
11HCMeHHM cjmma~ame~ yHanpe1~Jyje-
MO B~WTHH~ 11HCM~H0F HspaxcaBama,
pasm-IjaMo H0B~ nojMoBe H uponiNpy
jeMo CBOj peqHHIc. HHTCJIHI-GHTHHJH
Y’JCHHUH uaj’ieuihe K0~HGTG OB~
58
r
BJ3GT~ cjnitua~a~~a jep je aKTHBHHje H
npo,~ylcTHBHHje O)~ ycMeHor. Hajona
6Hja cTpaTerHja y~ema je oHa KOJa Ge
GacTojH C~M0 MS ‘IHTaH,a, 3’ KOjOj HeMa
HHK~KB0F CJlHulaBaH,a.
Y TOKy ‘JHTama, flopeii M3Bofla, KopucHo je
3~I7I1CHB~TU efloja 3anazama Bene~cHMo :(u
Melrrape, nwrama a nonyHe. TaMe cc npouy6-
ibyje Ham rni~epec aa rpa,w~Bo KOJC y’IHMO.
Yxoiiaxo nolEexaJ.l HMaMO npo6sleMe ca KOH
1teH~a~HjOM naMcIbe, TpeGa iia 3H~MO je)wo
cTaBHy I4CTHHy Bell 11 CaMO iiHcaH,e je
~Kfl1BHOGT xoja neoMa ydueluHo no6oJbuiaI~a
~auiy H~KH,~ H o6orahyje )toacaBJbaj
npo’IHTaHor, yiianpehyje paayMenaa,e a
JIaMhrn3ame. MrnaeMo HeKe jienone reiccra jia
flpeflaffleMO Taxo mit JIGMO BeinnaHoM c.noBa
HJIH 60j0M HCTHU~TH pe~a MRH JjeJIOBe
pe’IeHahte Koje dM~TP~MO Ba>KHHM. Hjrn, a~o
HaM ce Hexe MHcEH cTaauo naiAehy a aHOy ne
~aae 3a OHO mm y’ia~o, HOcTOjH MOryhHOGT
na HX cc ocJIoSoJwMo TaKO inTO heMo MX 3am!-
C~TH HuH HCKOMC caOflmTHTa.
IThTAILA H 3AJjAUH
1. Hanpairnim cTe H3ROJ~ sa neo norjnnjsa o y1leH,y.
HanpanllTe H3flO1~ H sa ~ieo 0 naMheH~y H 3a6opanJI,a-
H,)’.
2. HoicymajTe urn y eaojoj OKOJIHHH nponal)eTe npnMe
pe YMCH,a KulacwmHM H HHcTpyMcwrauJmlM yenOnuba
BalteM.
3. Orrnwwre cnoj yo6H~ajeHa HCNHH y~eHa IUKOJICKOF
rpaunina. V MCMV Ce nouyuapa, a y ‘ie~y ouciyna OJI
OflHC~HHX MCTOJIa ycnemsor yMeH,a.
4. fflTajeTparc4~ep y9elba?
B e w 6 a: H3MCpHTC 6p3miy coop MHTaH.a. YBMHTe
JIBe npne CT~BHHflC cuiegeber HOrnanJT.a. HoruieJIajie
Ha C~T H no’mHTe Ca ‘mTaH,eM. ‘-laTajTe 3’ CC6H, 5p30
BJIH Ca paayMeçan.eM. Kaj~a 3~B~IIIHT~ CII ‘rnTaH~eM, BII
HHEIIHTC BPCMC KOJe cTe yTp0BJHJ1H. EpeMe HapaBuTe y
CeKyrnrnMa. 3aTHM H36pojTe KOJIHKO pe~~ HMa 3’
npO’mTaHOM T~KCT~ H JIO6HjeHH Spoj noJIeJifiTe Ca
6pojeM CCKYIWH. J~a 611 CTC 3HaJIH KOJiHKO pe9H 3HT~TC
y Ismiyrfl, Ao6ujeim 6poj noimowe Ca 60. Pcsyuiiar
nazs yxaa>~e KaEan die qnTaq. Bpsio JIoGpn mITa’rn
m4ajy oico 350, JIoöpH oico 250, cnaöa HCII0JI 200 pecm
y aumyin. Am Ha ~B3HHM TeiccTonmJa Mepeae uoao
miTe CyIeJIeflnx JIaHa, ,JmJarHoia” he 6am Ta4imja. Ha
‘lacy opramx3flTe Ca HIICTIIBBJUCOM Mepeff,e Gpanxe
‘miama.
5. MnmJl,effie II
nilTeileRTyaJiHe
dnocoöllocTn
HeKoMe noCTaBHTe 3~F0H~TK3’
finn MaTeMaTWIKH flpO6JleM H G~50
,go6HjeTe o,groBop, B~~0B~TH0 here ce
ynHTaTW ga nfl je go peulema gowao
celIa 115111 je Beh mao penieme? Yico
nuico ce gorOgH ga npe TaqHor ogro
nopa go6HjeTe HHS HeTa’rnllx H
oqHrnegHo H~G~MH~HHX OgroBopa,
yMecHo je ga ce ynHTaTe: HHje JIM go
peluema gouiao c.riy~ajno?
14 y GBaK0gHeBHOM )KHBOT~ JjO
pemema pas~nx npo6neMa MO)KeMO
gohH pasMHuJmameM, Ha OGHOB~ sHa
ma H H~C~MHU~. HacyMH’IHo pemaBa
me upo6neMa je o6nHK noHamama
Koje je ~ame HHTenHreHTHo Hero
J.uTo TO saxTeBa cHTyauHja 3’ KOjOj ce
oco6a ~auias~. Oi-io M0)K~ 611TH H B~3I0
onaeHo, Hapo’IHT0 Kaga nouHmeHe
rpeui~e gonoge go 11ITeTHHX nocJIegH
i~a Koje ce BHULIe He MOF3’ OTKJIOHHTH.
PaHHje CTe’{eHa sHama oMoryhyjy
HHTeJIHFeHTH0 H eK0HOMHHHO peusa
name npo6neMa, aim y MH0flIM 11pM-
31HK~M~ oHa HHG3’ gono.mHa, a
nonexag HHC3’ HH npHMemHBa. Kaga
ce oco6a cyoq~ ca HOBHM, flOTfl~HO
HenosHaTHM sagaTKoM, oiiaxcaae aK
~yen~e CHTyauHje H paHHje CTe4eHO
1JCK~CTBO y pemanamy gpyra’mjflx
sagaTaKa gajy CaMo MaTepHjaJI Ha
OCHOBY Kojer ce 11~TCM MHcaoHHx
(HHTeneKTyaJIHnx) onepaunja gonasii
go peniema. OTyga, Ha nn~ame zuTaje
MI-Immeme, M0)KeMO 3’0fl11IT~HO ogro
BOpHTH: MnLumeme je ca3HajHIl 17J~O-
LWC ICOJIl O6p841OM paclIoRO)KIIBHX
sJHøopMazwja aoJia3ki 210 HOBHX 1411-
ØopMazulja Y 4~yUKJ.IHoHaJ1HOM no
rJiegy, MHwJ~eme je Ca3HajHo-npo-
~3’KTHBHH npouee KOjH H~M OMO
ryhyje yeneinity HHTepaKuHjy ca FH
SH’IKHM H G0RHjaJIHHM oKpy>KemeM.
3aBHcHo og MOTHB~ KOJH ra noKpehy,
~~mmeme MOZ(G 6HTH npe~exc~o
aganTHBHa, aim H H3~~5HT0 KpeaTan
Ha geJIaTHOCT. Y H~B0M cfly’iajy
MHUJTh~ThC oMoryhyje jegHHKH ga
cnoje noHaulame Ha H~J~Gfl~~lHHJH
H~9HH cao6pa3H nocTojehllM 113111
o’IeKHBaHHM olconHoCTHMa, a 3’ gpy
roM, jegHHKa npo~auias~ ny~ene sa
cao6pa~aname OK0JIHOGTH 0B0jHM
noTpe6ana, na~epa~a H gHTheBHMa.
MHIIIJEEHE ICAO CXBATAThE
O~HOCA
Mwnmeme je HaJcJIo)lceI-IHJH CasHaj
HH npouec. H3eroBy C3’IJITHHY ‘IHHH
yBI4I)ame OJ1HOC~ 113111 Be3a Mfly ene
MeHTHMa Koje ona~ica~o IV’HJIH KOjH cy
H~M ogpaHHje nosHani. Kaga y 00611
nateMo HenosHaT HpegMeT H 0fl~3H-
MO pasGHjeH nposop, Ta gna onaxcaj
Ha eJIeMeHTa goneulheMo y Me~yco6-
H)’ nesy, jep ynllhaMo ga je npeg~e~
pas6Ho GT~KJ1O H yjie~eo y co6y. Mo
6HmKa Icojy CMO C nposopa npe~en~
Ha HOJIHUY y gay co6e nocjze ~egemy
HHH BHUJe gana fl0NH~ ga )ICyTH, Bpa
ntheMo je Ha H~030~ r,ge je pal-IHje
CTajana. 3axmy’IHJIH GMO ga joj je HO
BO M~CTO 611510 GYBHI.IIe TaMHO. Ty je
pe~ o yniiliamy ogfloca HsMety jeg
HOF onaxcajHor eneMeilTa (xcyTa 6oja
.rlHCToBa) H pai-rnje cTeqeHOr sHama (o
3’3103H CBeTJIOCTH y )KHBOT)’ 6HmaKa,
113111 ga j e Ta HCT~ 6HThKa wsajia sgpan
Hsrneg go~ ce uanasnna Ha nposopy).
)jo ynutama ogi-ioca Helcag ,gojlasH
MO 6pso, Ges BHI~H0F MncaoHor Hano
pa. C gpyre cTpaHe, onaKajHH a
JIOFOTOBO HCK~GTB~HH eJIeMeHTH MO-
59
 ry 6HTH y TOSIHKOj M~~H Mflyco6Ho
,,y~ameuH” ~a je BeoMa T~UIKO yBH,z~e
TI! HHXOBy ~3~J~MH~ noBe3aHocT
YripaBo 3’ TOMe H jec~e HPOHIIJJJLH
nocr— oco6llaa icoja ce orne~ y ToMe
IIITO HCKC oco5e 6p3o H Ta’IHo yo’IaBa
jy ojii-Ioce icoje BCBHHa .ThYJ~H Temico
Hacslyhyje H icojil cc na ocHoBy parn4-
jer HCK3’CTBa HajMaH~c o~cKyjy.
MHfflJEEIEE H ACOL~HJAJ~MJE
ripe nero IIITO Jo on~can 4c1[oMeIl yBMijalba,
6njrn Jo padnpocwal 501 [0 cxBaTalbe Ma cy 01111
ncnxII~Ka IlpOitecH, na H ilpoijec MHwJbezsa, 3’
c~napa npol.Iecii aCoJJIfpaIba (,,yzzpy)f(nBajfia”,
noBe3nnaIsa) HojenrnIaqiH4x woKycmeJrnx
cajlpwcaja 3’ mupe casirajire iiejrnne. ilpeTno
cTanJbaJxo cc ~a UOCTOJM liexa EpoTe CHile KOJ~
upooTa (eileMcI[Tapna) HoKyoTna onaja y
0J10K01[a 3liaIba, 5’ MMCMII MMII HJjejc. Yo’ieno
Jo na Ce H3~ onalcor yllpyKIInaiba MO)Ke 0mpH-
TM jC2tl[a 11MM 11141110 TclifleI[flJ4Ja KOJe C~ MO [be-
Pa £10110210. I-Ia npn~cp, aico nac }iOKO IIOMCCTM
lianpyra 143 i[eKaMallnber oaemelba, Bp~io Jo Be
poBaTilo Ma heMo cc COTI4TH H Mpyflix ocoGa na
TOP onemen,a H TOP upeMena (acoij;ijaijuje ijo
JlOIlJlpyyIIpocTopy If BpcMcHy); aico Jo TaJ jtpyr
GHO fl031[aT no My3H’IICH TaileiraT, BCJIHKH cy
H3PJIOMH Ma cc CCTMMO H JIPYPHX ocoGa xoJe cy
cc MCT}fljaJIe HO cnoJoj My3IIlcaJlJ[ocTJ4 (acaqu
jaw-rja no cJnrnIocrn), ann H IIOKHX icojeje Gno
mac na oy JleMy3HlcaJuie (acoi4’Jljaupfja 110 ItoH
Tpacry).
YJIOI’A 3HAThA H HCKYCTBA Y
MIIIIIJEEHY
Hpo6jlcMcica CHTyaTJHj a 3axTe~a HCTO
BJ3cMcI-IO yoqaBan,e neher Gpoja y~a
JaMHHX oguoca Mel)y pa3JIH9HTHM
ona,IcamHMa H HCICyCTBCHHM ejleMeu
THMa. THHH9H0 je y~a oco6a uajnpc
HdnuTyjc MoryhuocT IIpHMeHc pat-ru
jer HCKyCTBa na HHBO3’ dHTyarJjje.
OHa nocTymlo npoBepaBa e4114Ka-
CHOCT pa3JTh’IHTIIX tcOMGHHagHja j~e
mona CTapOr HCKyCTBa H eneMeHaTa
60
KOj e yo’iana y aJcTyeJrnoj CHTyaJflIj a
HeydnenjHe KOM6HHaUHJe o~6auyje,
ycpe~cpe~yje ce ua nponepanaa,e no
BHX KOMGJU-JauHja one ~ox i-re )~o1)e ~o
peuiema npo6jieMa. ifiTo cy npo6jie.-
MH cJ1o)IceHHjH, TO je BHme Ha’IHHa Ha
IcojI! ~ory GHTH PCIUaBaHH. CBaKH
ua’rnu pemanau,a je, y cTBapH, jeJ~Ha
noce5Ha cTpaTerHja XOMGHflOflaaa
eJIeMeHaTa H oji6auuuama onora IUTO
je HtKOpHCHO. Ta ycMepenocT y npo
uecy HCIIHTHBaH,a BaJLaHOCTH Iloje
~HHHX EOM6HJJaqaja na3HBa cc
JtkIpeIcLwja MHfflJI,ema.
Cnaica oco6a, sanuono o~ xLeHHx
CIIOCO6HOCTH, OCO6HHa .EIH’IHOGTH H
BpcTe aicTunuocTI! KOJHM cc Ganu,
BpeMenoM H3rpa~H GBOJ CHCi~H41HqHH
Ha’IHH nOnamama y npoGJTeMcicHM
cHTyagrijaMa, cnojy CTpaTernjy pe
manaa,a npo6jieMa.
MHCAOHH flPOI~EC
Peuianame npo6neMa je npouec icojH
HMa onoje Tpajaa3e. Koj~ je.guocTan
Hi-tX npo6sleMa gO pemema cc 1~ojiasu
,,OflMaX”, CTHMC CC yTHcai< zxa ce
yoqanau,,e npo6jleMa a n,erOno pe
uraname BpeMeuc~~~ nQgygapajy. H y
TaIcBHM GHTyagHja~a, MCtYTHM, no
CTOjH MHCaOHH TOIC, caMo cc oj~nuja
6p30. Toic MHcaoHor rrpoi&eca Ce
JTaIcme yO~ana H H~&TH EIpHJIHIcOM
pemanau,a cnorceuHjnx npo6.aeMa,
HOFOTOBO icaj~a 0110 aaXTena gyro
npeMeHa. Y noHxoJiorHjw cc o6wino
FOB0~H 0 wrzpu Øa3e MHca0HOF npo
L(eca ycMcpcnor i-ia pcmanarbc O~pe
tenor npOöJJcMa. Onac TUX 4aaa
naj~a CXBaTHTH rcao yOnWTeny H L~O
HcIcne HAeaJxHaoBany CJIHK3’ MHCaO
HOF npoucca. pcaJIHHM dHTyaflH
jaMa MHcaoHc 0pHjen1at~ujc icapaxTe
pHcTHqnc 3a n0jc~aHe cFaae Met)’
co6no cc npdnjrHhy H rpagc npjio
pa3JIHu1~~TC xoM6HHaUHic MncaoHHx
axTUBHOCTIT To jc crora ifiTO HaMHH
MuNTheTha Y TOK)’ pcuianar~a npo6ne-
~a 3aBHCH OZX HHTeJIeKTyaJIHHX do
co6noCTH, pauuj cr HdK)’CTB~, MOTH
~~~aHodTH H HH3~ JjpyFHX oco6uua
xOnxpeTHOF noje)IHHUa. Maxo meMa
TH30BaHa, onuiTa ciffiKa Mncaouor
upoiieca yxa3yje Ha i-beFORe KJb)’MH~
MOMeHTe.
yOqABAIhE TIPOBJIEMA Oco6a Mopa
naJupe Ma £1O)KHBH H3BOOI{3’ MHOaOHy 1-13111
UpaKTH’IIIY -reffiKohy, Ma YO’IH npasHHHy y
cuoM aHamy 112TH HeMocTaTaK ne’iera IUTO Jo
neOflXOMHO aa nOcTH3aIbe ua~cnor flHma HJIH
n3npIueThe 3HaMajHor 3aJxaTJca 4ecTo ce rono
ph 0 ,,000TJSHBOOTH 3a flpO6JIOMO” no oco6w
TIM MnmJbema Icoja KOM CBHX JEYMH HHJe
pa3BHjOlla y JICTOM creneny 110K jeMna ocoöa
yneic 3aKsbyMyje Ma C)’ CO cmapH ,,CJIO)KHJIO”
KaKo ipe6a WITH KaKO MO~~ na öyme, TO nit y
‘TOM)’ BC BHMH npoGueM, MOTJIC CO MpyPa )‘BCK
nHTa 3aurro cc TO M0POJLMJIO, mTaje y3f~OK 113TH
ulTa JO cMHcaO Talcnor crama cTBapH. Hay’IHH
WI, HoBaErOpH, paIIHOHaJIH3aT0PH H yMCTIIHIIH
‘jecw Bane npo6sieMe y cmapHMa Koje ocTaiTH
npHxBaTajy Kao HOHITO OTaJIHo, Hy)lcHo H tie
npoMeHJbTJBO.
JIOCTABJEAThE TIPOEJIEMA flpOGneMH
ce, HnaK, HaMehy MH0PHMa, aiiM ThIIXOBO
pemanaise HO 113PJ1OM~ cnHMajeMnaKo BeponaT
HHM H MoryhHM. OcoGa icoja Jo yo’i~~ia flpO
6neM 11 oijeliH.na auaMaj H,CPOBOP peuiaBama,
gacToju Ma ra CBCMO na c3’uITHHOKO nH-lame. V
oTnapn, oHa HacrojHMa naabepe naj6omy cipa
Teflijy KOM6HHOBaH~a ejieMeHaTa H onGaunna
ma HeycnellmHx JcoMGnHauHJa CTnapame
MHPOKIIHJC je KpHTH’IHa 4a3a y npouecy
MHUIJbOThB. HorpeffiHa MHPOIUIHJa o~nawce
peuien~e npo6JieMa.
TIOCTABILAI6E XI-IHOTE3E YcnemHa
MHpeKuHJa oMoryhana na Co carneMa peuleme,
ma cc yHalipeM KOHOTp)’HIIIY IFOPOBH PJ1~BHH
eneMeuTH. To SaMHIIIJbOHO peilletbe NasHua ce
npeTnocnnlca HAM xHnoTe3a.
TIPOBEPA XHTIOTE3E- C’ienehn Ta
MrnumeIrn MOMOJI peuieita, oco6a uponepana
morony’ lionpanHocT CaMo peuieme IIpO6JICMa,
yKOJIHKO Ce I1OK~KC yOIIOHIHHM, JOCTC noTnpMa
Ma JO npeTHOcTaBKa GHna hldupanila, naibaHa.
YKoni~Ko Ce, MelJymM, }IcnocTanH Ma Jo ilpeT
nocranica 6ana norpeunia, MHC~OHH TOK nama
,,BpaTHTH” ynasaM. HOOJIXOMHO Jo ;ja cc npo
GJIOM pecjlopMyjiHme H HOCTaBH Hona XHHOTC
sa ICon cJTOMCHHX ilpoGneMa, Ha JT~HMC~ y
Hayiw, Taxilo IJHKJIW1HO xpeTame Jo yoGmiaje
Ha crpaTerHja. V c~aapi~ocTa yMecTo wr~ean
HOP npanoJrnHHjcKOr xpeTama y pemanamy
npobaeMa, HMaM0 Hallpemoname y BHh1)’ cnHpa
ale: cTanno cc npahaMo na flHT~ibt pasyMenama
H npaBHnlior nocTanmaiba TIpOGJ1OM& Ha raj
Ha’IHH cc npoliH3iiMjO yTnptyjy cyumranc~ce
KOMITOHCHTO flpO6JIeMa H llpaBHJHiHje Ce yo’ia
najy BC3C KOJO ITOOTOJO Met)’ HhiMa. H cairn
peilleibe cc cxnara no npouec: lipHxnaTajyhH
iiOJOlU-lIiC KOMGHIIaUMJC K~O yTnpl)eHC, 11011K-
THi3~ThO cc ycpencpeljyje na ocTane Moryhe
KOM6HHaIIHJO Met)’ eneMeHi-HMa npo6aieMa.
BPCTE MHIIIJEEHA
IColucpeTHo II ancrpaic~uo MfflhiJbCIbC
Kaga cc MHcaoI-IH npoixec ocnaaa na
nenocpemuo onarcaac oGjcKaTa H M~
1IHnyJiHcame THM OGjeKTHMa, roBopH
MO 0 OflC~~TI4BHOM H]EIH ICOHK~~THOM
~inar~emy. Ha npHMcp, )1~TC xojc cc
HI-pa KOLIKaMa a noxywana y~a carpa
~H ,,xyny” nocite ni-na noxymaja
ynu~a Ha KojH H~~HH ~opa ~a cna~rcc
icowcc ga cc i-re Ga pyLIlHJic. OHo je Ha
HHBOY npaxrwine pa,gme (onarama)
npouawno na’rHa na KOjH wc6a j~a
nocranma ~owcc ga 6H cc ,,IcyaJa”
onpxcasia 3amTo npit TaicRoM enaramy
He gOJiaaH go pymcma, 0110 JOUI He
yna1~ja Tcxrnmrc Tena, ocnonau Team,
FpanaTaw-Ija H CM. C)’ anorparc~na noj
MOBH xojc 0110 JOJU HHjC yCBOJH.IIO, a
xoju GH My oMoryhujia ga na
yonnrrcn H~MHH 4opMynume upun
I1H~ ojiaraita icouKH.
Kaga cc MHcaoHIi npoi~ec ognaja
na OCHOB)’ paHujHx HoxycTana, imp.
nyTcM npeJ~dTaBa, noj Mona, aHarba,
F0BO~HMO 0 8HCT~8KTHOM MnzuJbemy
61
ArICTpaKTHO MHwJbeIEe cc paauHja 113
icorncpenlor MHuubeH,a. Ouo cc y npo
gecy fipnilarobaBalta H eTuapa
naurrua paarpa~aua H yicmy’Iyje y cue
o6siacTH ~ouexonor npaKTH’rnOr
Mummea.a. MHuaeme, H oH~a xa~~a
je C~CBHM ancTpaKTHo, npe~cTaBma, 3’
cTuapH, noce6aii 063111K my,ncKe npax
Ce. RpyrHM pe~HMa, nopeg pasirnico
BaH,a ~flCT~~KTHO~ H KOHK~OTHO~
MHWJLCTh~ KaO J~Bejy pa3JIH’IHTHX
BpcTa, noTpe6Ho je HM~TH 3’ BHRy j~a
nocToje MHO~H flpOJIa3I-IH H KOM6HHO-
B~HH O6JIHUH MHuIsseH,a.
PCaJ1HCTH’IKO H HMarHHaTHBHo
MIIuIJbeil,e
MHuJmeH,e IcojeM je UHJI ~a YTBpZ~H H
pasy~e ogHoce IcojH O6JeKTHBHO 110-
cToje Me1~Jy 11~~~MCTHM~ H 36HBaH,H-
Ma peasu-ior cueTa, H~3HB~ cc peaJr~c
THqICO Mpzmmeme. JJ~a 6H oc~uapnjia
Taj IflIJE, oco6a ~opa )~a 1i3 cuor MH
caoi-ior npoueca OTI(JIOHH cnaKH cy6-
jeIcTHBH3aM. HyxcHo je HCKJEy’IHTH
yTHuaj eMouHja, JIHMHHX HI-ITepeca H
M0THEa, no n couHjaJIHHx c~auoua H
upe~HocTH. YnpouiheHo pe’ieuo, pea
JIHCTH’IKO MHWJEeThe noxiaau Oj~ yue
pe~ba j~a IIOCTOjH jeJu-ia ,,o6jeKTHBHa
HcTHHa”, j~a CB~1CH flpO6ileM HM~ caMo
je~Ho Ta’rno peLuelbe.
HacynpoT peairncTHMKoM, HM~M0
JIM8SIIH8TJ-IBHO MHWJLCH,C. LIHJE Tm
MH11IJBeI-La je ~a aa~puomH cy6jeic-
THBHC, H3~~3HT0 JJH9He TeNcHe ‘ione
xa, Fmp. merone )Keme, flOTpe6e,
MOTHBO H ~ ,L~a 6H TO 11OCT11-
mo, HM~FHH~THBH0 MHmJLeFLe cc
npe~a CTB~~HOCTH 0)1110CM BeoMa
eJlacTHqHo: 113 The 3’3HM~ OHO UJTO M~
o)1ronapa, 0J1060.LIHHM IC0M6HHOBa-
1-heM CT~~HX c~napa HOB~ caaHajHe
ca)1pnje. Te HOBC 3aMHcJw MOm)’ 6H-
TI-! OCTB~~HB~ (jep y Icpajmoj .h1-IHHJH
floffiTyjy JIOFHK)’ peaJ1HCTH~K0r MH
62
mmeita), ~J1H H H~OCTB~~Hfl~ (jep cy
o6jeicTHBHo 3’ CYKO6y ca cTBapHO
r peniauaae npo6neMa noqiime aHaJiH
why). Ha upaMep, ‘IOBeK 3aHcTa Mo,ice
J~ JIeTH nonyT 11TH~~ 113Th )1~ nnnna
HOIIYT pH6e, a.UH CaMO 3’ M~IUTH Mo)Ke
)1a CC ,,npeTBapa” 3’ flTHL~y 1mM pn6y,
)1~ Me~a CBOJ H3FJICJI H CBOJC HH)1HBH-
.nya.Jrne KanauHTeTe.
Ocuournm ~ MHIIIJBCH,a y Hayija Jo peajia
CTH”IKO MI-ifflibelbe, aji~ Jo norpeffiHo flOpHila
TH 3lfaMaj liManulaTanuor MHfflJbelba aa
pasnOj nayxe. Y c~~apu, ~O~JWCTWIKO H 14M~-
nmHaTImnHo MHfflJbClbe ce jacHo pa3iIrncyJy Ca-
MO 3’ OBOjHM OKOTpeMIIIIM OGJlHljHMa. Y
pemasamy npoGJIeMcKax dnTyalrnja OHM ce
upennahy. Mamra je cac~anirn jieo cuaxor
cTnapaJlamTna.
PCaJIHCTH.IKOM MHWJLOF5y ce ‘ICOTO 03’-
npoTcTanjba camapeme xao o6anmic MHwJbema
xoJe je nOTHyHO O0JIOGO1~jeHO aaxTeBa peaJiHo
0TH H xoje, no npanany, HeMa nrncaxne JCOW
oTpyxTHBHe umbene. V nojelIHHnM IIOHXIPI
KMM oTaHiliMa, xao UITO C)’ HHp. CTaThO ~py
cipaulije, oco6a cc llOuOflH 3a ,,non-lxoM
>1CCfl,~” H saMrnusba 0110 inTo OH xenejia na Ce
jioronu. Ta apc~a IlpH)KemKaBaH,a He yan~a y
06314p rpainuie IcOje nooTauma peannoct
,,Byjjuo caitapeite” Jo padnpoc1-pa~eHa noja
Ba YKO.TIHKO, MC1JyTHM, ~XB~TH Maxa, nooTafle
riiann~ na’IHH SaJIOBOibauaH,a HH3a 11CM-
XH’IKHX narpeGa, )KOJb~ H HaMepa, onita je pe~
0 nopeMehajy HCHXH’4K0r >KHBOTa. Taxne 000-
be ce noniia~e y cebe, npexn.aaJy xoHcipyx
THBHO OnHOce ca npyrs-iMa. HMa 13111110
nopeMehaJa KO2~ KOjHX CO T~ noJana jaaai,a xao
OHMUTOM (imp. 110KM ObJ1IWH CXH3OFpOHHJe,
ayTH3aM).
Komsepreii-nio i~ ~unepreuTuo
MHIflJb CM, C
To cy z~ua c~aua npeMa npo6neMHMa H
)1ua ~THJI~ ThUxonor pelnanama. Kajia
cc peu.iauamy npo6neMa npI-u1a311 ca
ynepemeM .zxa nocToja ca~o jC)1HO
Ta’ino peweae, TC Ce cna oc’rajia 0)1-
6auyjy no je)1HaKo HCKOpHCHa, FOBO
~HM0 0 KOHBCpPCHTJIOM MuLuJbeIrby.
3oM eJieMeHaTa npo6neMa H KoHTelc
eTa y 1(03MM cej aniba. TCIKM LuTe pewa
uama je na oTlcpMBan,y JIorH’I](HX 0)1-
HoCa KOjH noueayjy cue 6HTHC ‘rnme
nmIe, 6e3 oG3Hpa H~ TO LuTO C)’ 1-leKe
0)1 FLUX aa TI~BH nOrile)1 BeoMa y2laJLe-
He je)1He 0)~ )1pyrllx. CCM Tora, jC)1-
MOM ~C11ICHM npo63IeMH, ca cTauo
rnmmTa KOHBCpI’eHTHOF Mnmmel-La na
me cc He cMaTpajy npo6neMHMa. Cue
IJITO HeKoMe MO)K~ 611TH noTpe6Ho Ka
~a cc Hfle 3’ ICTOj Hill! CJIH’IHO3 CU
TyaUHJH, TO je ~Ia sHa pememe H )I~ ma
npHMeHH.
HacynpoT TOMe, fli-IBepPeRTHO
MULUJLCIbC 3acHuua Ce Ha yuepemy ~a
HCTH npO6fleM Mo>lce UMaTH Baffle pa
331H’IHTHX peujeffia. To aaa’rn )1a 1111-
je)1HO pememe, Ma IcOJIHIcO )1a CMO
yuepeaa 3’ merouy P~UHOH~J1HOCT H
ga CMO cc Ha n,era HaBHKJIH, HHje
H)’2KHO 11113 C)IHHO HI! H~J 6ome. V TOM
c~any npenoaHajeMo MoTHBaLflljy
anonaTopa, n~y)1M 1(0311 Hnp. y je)1HOM
K0MUJrnICOBaHOM ype1~jajy KOjH je KOH
c~pyncao B~J1HKH TI-fM cTpy’lThaKa
~OMC MoryhHoc’r ~a cc ~eirn onepauM
ja flOCT~B11 Ha C~CBl!M )~pyrH na’rnH H
~a cc THMC nocTHrHe Mnoro B~hH CTC
11CH e4IHKaCHOcTII.
CTBAPAJTA’IKO MMIIIJEEHE
o CTB~~~31~MK0M MmnmeH,y icao no
ce6noj B~CTH MHmThelLa MO)l(C Ce F0-
B0~14TH CaMo ycIlOEHO. 3aBHCHO 0)1
HC11OC~C)1HC MoTHuaguje H ~pyrax
3w’IHHX cuojcTaua, oco6a CIIOHTaHO H
H~MC~HO IcoMGHHyje paanwrnTe npe~e
MHWJLCFLa. Taico HaeTajy MHCaOHH
HJJOIICCII ~~33U1YIHTC cno)ICeHOcTH H
BeoMa UpOMCHJLHBe )1HHaMI-nce. V H,H
Ma cc ~ory 11~OMCH3LHBHM ~HTMOM
11~C11J1HT~TH imp. KOHK~CTHO H an
CT~~KTHO MamJseme, MmIlJLeme 3’
CJIHi(~M~ U MamibeThe y KaTeropajan
11MM nojMoBHMa, HMaFHHaUHja H pea
JunaM, )1HuepreHgllja H KoHnepmei-j
w4ja. Elino je noicymaja ~a CC ,,Haony
jy” TTPOIIeCI KOJU Ce ~BCK jauibajy
(mm ‘iax, CaMo jana,ajy) 1(011 ,,icpea
THBHOF Mnmmer-La”. Ycnex je 6no
cxpoMan, ani~ 3a YTtX3’ HanoteHe cy
)1yra’nce a pamwrn-re nac-re npu~ena
KOJUM cc onaCyje cmapanarnco
MHIUJECILC. Taxo Ce ronopa o opara
Ha.nHoCTa, 43JIeKCH6HJIHOCTU, OTBOpC
11OCT11, KpHTWIH0CTH. Cue y CneMy,
- -
u~rne~za .1W je 0TBO~CHOCT oco6e sa
CBC naqai-re Mummema, YIIPYECHa ca
HCKHM RH’IIIHM CBO3CTBHMa no mTo
C~ limp. HHTeJIMFCHIlMja, sHaThe, MO
THBaLU4Ja, lmnTepeoonama, IJpTe
.11H’{HOCTH, nazca~ fl~C)13’CJ10B 3a CTBa
pame MMC~OHOF cxnona icoja cc ~a
311Ba cmapanarncn~ MUUIJEeH,eM. Ouc
H)’ 0 TOMC )1~ 3111 je HCKH MHC~0HH
CKJIO11 cuapana~ica MO)K~M0 ~ani TCK
Ha 0CH0B~ meronnx UCxO)Ia, Ha OCHO
By 0006aHa peayirraa )1O Kojer je )1o-
neo.
flocToja RHIne 1(~HTC~H33’M~ 3a
oueHy HCX01I~ ~~uapaiia~xor flO)1yX-
BaTa. )~na cy ocHonHa. rlpno, npe~a
JTPYLUTBCHOM IcpHrepnjyMy, c’ruapa
ila’IidH npouec UM~M0 OH)1~ 1ca~~a je Ha
Thera fl~0U3UffluIO jtpyiiirne~ø lipefi
HO H O~I1FHH~JIHO JWJIO, HeffiTo UITO
myjw~a HHje 6iurn no3naTo, a JUTO
yHanpehyje ~axony )1o6po6irr. Ouaj
icpwrepnjyM rpe6a .1W 3~)1OROJbH
yMCTHUMKO, Hay’IHO, T~XHHMKO H cua
1(0 ixpyro Sf) XYHCICO crlIapaJxazurBo.
)Jpyro, 3’ nHRsfBgaywrno-Irczsxo
RolificoM CMIJCJIy, 0 cmapanammy cc
MO2KC ronopum U 0111W ica~a flOje)1H-
aaiz y npouecy jnm’mor paauoja jjo
crarHe HemTo InTO je HOBO 11
0~HFHH~J1HO 3’ 0)1HOC3’ Ha merono
1I~~TX0)1H0 aciCycTBo. flo)1 ojlpebe
HHM oKo.nHocTaMa, peayii~a~n TaKBOI
c~uapanaurrna MOI’y 11Mar11 3Ha’*aj H
3a H~110C~C)1H3’ )1pyIUTBCH3’ OlcoimHy.
63

Ha upuMep, TexHIIMKO HHOB~TO~CTBO
KOje Z~OBO.IiH )~O Ba2KHHX HHTCpRCHUH
ja Ha nocTojehHM ypetajuMa, aMaTep
CKO yMeTT-IHMK0 cTBapa.namTBo, 110-
ceGHo 01-To peflpoLiyIcTHBHOr xapaKTe
pa H Cii.
42KJW, Muxumeme ne ‘isi~e eTBapa
JiaqKllM TOJI’IIKO C8.MC ~pcre MPIC~0HMX
olieparwia, lcoJrnico cBojcrBa ncxopa
TJIX oiiepaw4’ja. Tex Jca.fla aHrazoBa
ThCM 11 ,ZZPYFHX aKTHBHOCTH, MHWJLe
me ,zroBe,qe J~o o,zipeflenor pe3yjn-ara,
MOXCC ce noMohy jenHor uirn apyror
lcpnTcpJ’IjyMa IIpOJICURTII ,1f8 JIM Je
pe’r 0 CTBap3JIa’LKOM MMJ11JLC~~
HH1TJIEICTYAJIHE
CIIOCOBHOCTH
ifiTa je nHTeJu4reHlwja? HilTenfirefi
uHjajeje~lzHaoR HajaHaqajHnjHxoco
6w-ia qonexa. Y MOM~HT~ po1~)eHa
je~HHxe uHTennreHw-ija je iipeju-i
C1103H1U1j4 0006HHa Icoje ce MO)K~
pasBHjaTH lW ~~H~TCKH OJ~pe1~IeHe
rparnnxe, aim ixa .1114 he ce ii pasnx~m
Z~0 It rpa~~ue sanlien 0l~ CPe.IZHHCKHX
OKOJJHOCTH H zipyrnx .IIHqHHX CBOj
cma oco6e. Koi~ oi~pacne jeiJHHxe,
nHTeJmreHwlja je JJMCfIO3llIJMf 4 000-
6HHa K0j3’ oHa noceJ~yje H icoja joj
oMoryhyje ‘rn ce ca ni-nue mm ~ai~e
yenexa cHailasH 3’ HpO6iieMcIcHM CM
TyaulljaMa. Benwce cy MH.lrnnHrlyanHe
pasimxe Mety oco6aMa y noriie~y
paSBHjCHOCTH HuTeLTu4reHLwje.
Cipyrrypa mrre~ieicryaiwux
cnoco6iiocm
IIoqeTKoM 20. neica eHrJICCKH IICHXO
nor CnnpMaH (C. E. Spearman, 1863—
1945) H3JIOZHO je IU304flIKTOPCKY
TeopHjy HHTeiIHreHIZHje. CMaTpao je
j~a ce petuaname npo6neMcxnx dnTya
64
Ta6ena 5.1.
JIPIIMAPHEPIHIEIIEICIVA.IIHE CJTOCOEFIOCThf
AMC13H’IICH ncnxonorTcpcron (L. I.. Thurstone, 1887—
1955) anann~npao je pe~yn~a~e KOje C)’ HCflwraHnun
nocmrnn Ha BCJIHKOM Gpojy pa~nwntmx TCCTOD~ fin
Tennrcrntnjc. Ha aenony jjoGnjennx ~ana~a ycneo je
ma onnwe cena~ paanwinmx 4)aKTOP3 mrrennrenun
je, Koje je cMaTpao OCHOBHHM 1131K fl13HM1IpHHM HHTC
neKTyaJrnnM dnocoönocmMa. To or
— mep 6SJIHO CXBBVIFL4 pa3yMenaiLe DCpGaJIHo
iunoweniix canp)Kaja, oxmaTan.e nneja n3pa)KeHnx
3’ flHCflHOj 4iopMu, CII0006HOCT yTlOTpe6e jeanka
yo~urrq
W: nep 5SJIHa 4flIyeiruocT~ Cfl000SHOCT öpaor upo
—
myxonaH.a pe~n upena ojzpe!~eHoM aaxreay 6orar-
cmo pe~nHKa, 61330 II naico nlnana)Kdu.e pe’rn ma
CC 113132311 MHC3O, 113213W11 3ajjaTalq
N: —HyMCpH’IKP ciioemocr~ ycuenino H 6p~o oncpnca
n.e 6pojennMa, siaxotia H U13CUH3HOCT y o6ann.aity
jennocTaunHx apnTMemMKnx 132)111.11, BCUITHHEI
apn-1MeThMK0P pesollOBalba
— CII3WIjBJFHP CJIOCO6HOCT 113111 ,,IIPOCTO13HO” CUb
CO6HOCT, 6133011 flPCI.1113110 OtlflXalLe, SUMHIIIILSH.C
11 nopeten.e o6nnKa MilK npe)1Mera y upocTopy,
ynnban.e ilpocTopHux onuoca 11 npoMenL
M: — CII0006HOCT MeMopuje mm naAhdn.a, mao
sasipwauawe )‘THCK3, naMhdn,e MaTepnjana Ge,
CMKCJIO, MCXaHH~ICO naMhen.e
— iiepigenrriaua OBOCO6HOCT~ alma )IHCKpHMKHaIIII
i2, Gino
ii TaMHO Ona3lcaH,e )IeTama, 312X0 Ha.
illuKelbe nnn npeno3HaBaae ~agamx nepucxrnm
HHX ciie~ena~a y UCKOM MaTepnja31y~~ H
— crIoco5uocrpe3oHoaaua, cxnaTan.e OLUIOCS, 11130-
l~J1EK~1bC OIUIITHX npHnuHna, cnoco6nocm ns
uobcn.a npanniia Koja cy y oonoau HeKe cnowcene
cTpyxType ca’inn,ene on pasi~wurmx cilenenaTa.
HIITCIICKTyanHH flpO4lHJl oco6e safincli 0)1 c~enena
prnnjcnocm cnaicc on cena~ npn~apnnx cnoco6no-
0TH.
Y no’lency TC13CT0H je cMatpao ma cy y uuTaay
HC3SBHCUC ,,D13CTC” nnTenHreuwlje, ann ~aciinja
110T132)KKBaIL3 C)’ uoxaaana ~a icy CUfloM on TUX 4mx-
Topa sacTyUmeH jenan 011fflTh, sajennwncn 4nucTop.
i~ija TeMemH: (1) Ha OIIIIITCM (relle
paJIHOM) MHT~JICKT~~JIH0M (baicTopy
xojn ,i~onasH go Hapaxcaja 3’ 013MM CM
TyaulljaMa H (2) Ha Cnew1q5.wrnHM
4IaicrOpMMa EojI4 ,z~onasn z~o nspaxcaja
y nojeinmuM npc~a~a npo6ileMcxllx
cHTyaw-!ja. Kacrmje je yTBpiwo i~a cc
cnewiilnvinn 4rnicTopH rpyn~niy y Ma-
r
~ Gpoj F~~flHllX 1~aKTopa, xao InTo
~y i~np. nep6aslHH, HyMepH’IKH H 1314-
3yeJiHH 4axTop. ]fl.manHy ynory y
peulanamY npo6neMa HM~ re~epan~~
4,aKTOP. jep on yxmy~yje Cn0lceHe
MeHTai1He aKTHBHOCTH, xao LUTO 03’
yo’ianaThe ogHoca, cxnaTalte sHa’ielta
1 g~jp{Q13a, ancTpalcrl-Io ~ummeme 113’-
TeM nep6anHnx, H3’MC~I4~KHX H rpa
pmixux dllM6ona.
Mepen.e iurreaeicryannnx
0n0006H0CTh
Ra JIM ce HHTennreHuHja ~oxce MepH
Tn? To je nI-ITame Icoje snine oJ~ cro
roW4Ha saoicynma naxcmy nollxonora,
jifi H Inhipe jaRHOOTH. Oj~roBop canpe
MeHe ncHxo.noriije je noTnp.gaH. Mc
THHa, HHTeJmreHLu-Ija ce sa cairn
Moxce MC~HTH caMo aocpejwo, npexo
meHor McnoJbaBaH,a 3’ noHawaH~y. )~a
GM Mepene 6Hno naJbaHo, nOyssaHo H
o6j eKTHBHO, ICO~HCTC ce CTaI-LITaPRHH
mocryffiw icojn ce 3085’ TeCTOBJI MUTe
JrnreHzwje. TeCTOBH MnTennreHgHje
cac’roje cc ns neher 6poja saj~a~axa
IcojH cy npe~xoj~no L~aBaHH Ha
peuxaname nenincoM Gpojy oco6a, irn
ico Gu cc y~npirnna ~CJ1~THBH~ Te)xH
Ha cnaicor sa,zrnTlca. TexcHHa aaga~xa
Ce uspaxcana 11~O1~~HTOM ocoGa xoje
cy ycnene aa ra pezue.
Pewasame aa,aaralca p8SJIWHITC
rexui~e je ironaurame y icojeM ce
ncaoma~a irnreJrHreHiwja
BsldMHa MuresHreHJwje ce 04MC-
pa~a ape~a TCXCJIHM H ôpojy
~CIUCHMX 3a.JzaTazca. ~ecro ce ~3HM~ y
o63Mp 1-I Gp3MHa pelualiama.
Y ynoTpeGn Je BCJIHKH Gpoj pasiin’tHTHX
apeTa TecToBa. C o6sitpoM na yspacT oco6a xo
JHM cy HaMelberni, pazJIHxyjy ce TecToirn sa
Aeny on TCCTOB~ sa ompacne; C 063HpOM Ha CM
Tyalu-Ijy y EOJOj cc sajiajy, pasirnicy~y cc HIUTH
fiHulyaJuIn TCCTOI3H (acIluTanaM HcnHTyje
caMo jenuor HdnwranHxa) H f~~I1HH TCCTOBH
(HCIIHTHBa’1 ucTonpeMeHo aaulaje TCCT rpym
I4cHHTaMHKa); e o6supoM isa narjie~ H campwaj
sajia~a~a Hs xoji-sx cc cacToje, TCCTOBH MOry
611TH nep6anirn, ltyMepwiKH, rpa4rn’sxn, H
xoMGmsoBams.
Jemau on nprnix H Hajslta’sajHHjHx HHcwy
MeHaTa sa MepeH~e ~aTeJinremutje Gnnaje EM
He—CHMoHona cKajia, Kojy je sa ynoipe6y y
Hamoj C13~21MHH flpHnaro)rno aKaJICMHK Lops
c.lrnn CTCBaHOBHh (1891—197 1). 3a~a~n 3’ TCCTO
BHM~ KOjH cy H~M~1bCI1H Mepemy HHTenHreH
gHje jjei~e, xao IIITO je TO cny’saj ca Billie—CM
MOHOBOM CK2JIOM, na OClLOE3’ flpeTxO)IHHX Iwo
nepa, rpyflHcalln cy fipeMa KaJieH2~apCxoM
yspac~y HCHHTaHHKa. UHE~ HCHHTHBaIba THM
TCCTOBHM~ jo ma cc YTBPIIH xa~an je 0)11100 H3-
Mel))’ KaJIelulapcKor y~pac~a (cnpocni) )1CTC-
fl H ThCEOBOF MeHTaJrnor yspacn (Hmloa
HHTenexTyanHor pasaoja). J~a GH yTBpmno ma
3W cy KaneH.aapcKl H 3’MHH yapacT neTeTa
ycKJlal)eHH, HCHHTHBa’I IICTCT3’ 3a)Iaje itajupe
rpyny sa~a~axa xoje C 3’CHCXOM pemanajy ~ieua
Koja cy rOflHHy maiia MJIatja On mera, saTins sa
maje rpyny sama~axa KOje C ydnexoM peusaBajy
meronH BpUlIbaI*H H, Ha zpajy, ianaje rpyny sa
~a~axa xoje C 3’Cfl~X0M peusanajy ronisHy ~a~a
clapHja )1eli& Mo )1CTC peluM cne sajia~xe sa
Milallil ~313~CT H sau~ane npeJIBHbeHe sa ro~u
H3’ 3’ KOJOJ ce OHO ~ajiaan, a RH jenaM 32.RaThK
sa cTapnjy romany, IterOB KaJIeH~apCKH H yM
Wi yspacT cc nonynapajy. Yxoimxo MC peuns
~exe o~ sa~a~axa 3a npeTxomuy romHuy, Mcliii
T11B~ThC cc upoun-ipyje Ha 32J1~TK~ KOJH Cy
npemBnl)enH sa join Mnal)e yspac~e. Heycnex y
peusanamy aa)1aTaxa sa MJial)e yapacre yxa3yje
naje 3’ IiHT~18~CflOpHjl4 )‘MHH pa3BOj 112114 yM
Ha saocTaJiocT. JleTe Koje nopem sana~ajca sa
cBoj yapac~ ycneurno pemana H saulaixe sa Cm
~HjC yspacre, y noruiemy HnTeJiexTya.nHorpas
noja je HCI1~C)1 CBOJHX BpIIHBaXa. TCCT
oMoryhyje ~a cc TO ycnopeae wIn y6psaite
pasBoja rnrrenexryairne cnoco6uocm ncxazsce
3’ B3SCMeHCKHM jenHmnIaMa (Mecemmia, ronn
llaMa).
MCIIHTHBaH,e IiHTenHreHuHje ilMa
npezu-IocT ca~o no je oGaBmeHo
cTaH,I~apgHsOBaHHM TOCTOM H 110J~
~CJ10BHM~ Koje icopHUlheHH T~CT sax
Tena. CCM Tora, HCIIHTHB~Th0 ce ~opa
o6aBHTM flOp NOBOJbHMM t1~H3H~KHM H
65
flGI4XO4RT3H9KHM ycnoBnMa. Hexyrvia
HO je 11 6ecKopHcHo HCrIHTHEaTH ~e~e
icoje je 6OnecHo, eMOLU4OHaJIHO y3He-
MHpeHo, ~MO~HO OR HpCTXOgHHX o6a-
Be3a 145111 rJJaaHo. TaKObe, y CBaK0M
ncnHTnBamy HHTeMHrCHLU4Je, yKOJrn
KO ce Ha 0CHOB~ ThO6HjeHOr ~ajia~a
HaMepana J~oHeTH ua)lcHa o)ulyKa, MO-
pa Ce ICOpHCTHTH HajMame )~B~ pa
3JIWJHTa H cTaHmapwl3oBaHa TecTa, a
Hcnl1THBaFbe ~opa 614TH nofloBmeflo
riocjie HajMame T~H Meeel.~a, aim, aico
TO II~HJIHKC IIOTIYLUTaJY, H H~LIITO ica
cHuje.
,L~O Kojer y~paCTa Tpaje
lIIlTeJleIcTyaJIHH pinno]?
Mepen Te)IcHHOM pemeirnx 3amaTaica, pasuoj
nHTeJmrelmHje mOon yjemlla’leHo nanpellyje
110 16. ro~aHe. H ~ocne Eror yapac~a pa3noj cc
IlacTafliba, aim cue cnopHje. Hacimw~i 5.1. npM
xa3allw C)’ HOIWUH JIO6HJeHH y jeiflioM
HcTpaMcI-inaIby y KojeM je 1-pyna o~ 61 oco6e
noupeMeno TecmpaHa JIOMCBIIIH omflpyror Mc
celia IHBOTa £10 CTapocTH 02136 ro~ana Tpc6a
HM~TH 3’ 1114213’ ma KpHnyJba flpflKaayje caMO
npoce’me upelIllOCTI-1 3a ue~y rpyny.
ISO
‘4
p HaKnomenH npe~a oco6aMa 3a icoje C)’
4 0 12 IS 20 24 20
COAPOCT V F0012W44
Cnuxa 5.1. Teopujczca KpIlByn,a 1111101? CXC TY8JIIIOP
p338013 38011083113 Ha ilpahOmy 61 ocoöe on
HajpaFmjerJseTuI.6crua .zjo36. roj~1iHC JiciiB0Ta
(np CM3 N. Boylcy)
66
ilpeMa pacnono)lrnuHM noIiaJwMa Bpxynat1
1-mTe.neKTyaJIHor pa3noja Ce I1OCTH)K~ H3Meljy
20. H 25. romHiLe. Taj HHBO cc HeRO Epexe
ompicana, a 3~THM ôiiaro onama no 50. rOmHne.
Om 50. iio 75. romane ona,~awe cc noCTeneRo
y6p3ana. HajGpMce je y nOaHOj ctapocm.
Ba)IHO je liMam 3’ 1114)13’ )1~ oBe KOMROHeRTe
HHTeJrnremiHje HC onamajy yjeana’ieHo. Ha
npHMep, one KOJO 3axTenajy naHcH,y, Gp3HHy 14
neim paonon lcpaTxopo’mor naMhema flO’lHlby
ma onanajy parnije, ueh nocne 20. ronHHe. Hn.
TenexTyaime 4yHKuHje icoje cc HcnoJbanajy y
yBH1~amy onHoca, oTxpMnamy jiormuce cTpyx.
T~9O cJlO)IceHHX cHTyalrnja, 5’OflUJTaBaH,3’ Ha
ocuony padnOJiO)KHBHX nonaraxa H ca
ojipKauajy cellO iio~ne CTapOCTH, ROTh YCJ1OBOM
ma joni Haje IlOffiflO 210 Te)ICHX nopeMetlaja
3npanma.
ThGega 5.2. KJIACIIWIIKAL(HJA HC1Th’TAHHKA
JIPEMA BKCIIHH YMHOT KOJM’IBHKA HA
BEKCJIEPOBOM HHaBIIJAYAJIHOM TECTY
HHTFJ]HFEHLKIJJE (EHTfl JIPEMA SEPPEP If
CAP.)
KATEFOPUJE IQ
Bpno BHcoKa HHTeJrnreswija 130 II H3H~11
BHcoKa HHTCJWPeHUHJa 120—129
BHCOKH ilpoceK (6ncTpH UOpMaJIHH) 110—119
Hpoce’4Ha HHTenMreHwiJa 90—109
FJH3aK H~0CCK (Tyrm HOpMannH) 80—99
fpauwilla nHTennreuI.wja 70—79
MenTailna saocTaJloCT 6911 HeflOll
YMIJA 3AOCTAJIOCT
HojaM ~MHC saoCTanoCTH nojanno Ce
TCK opeguHo~ 19. Belca. Ha canpe~e~o
3Haqeae TOF nojMa HajBehn yrnuaj
HMao je paI’ 4~panuyexor neaxonora
BuHea (A. Binet, 1857 1911) n Gpoj
—
2 gpynlM H~Y~OJI0UJKHM H O~~~HCKHM
HaiL meroBnx cneg6enwca. Fpai-rnua
og ~oje ce noqiute ~OBO~HTH 0 ~MHOJ
saoc~anoc~n je ~MHH KOIIH’IHHK 70.
UpeMa c~ene~y aaocTajama, pa3nnlcy-
jy ce qe~~pn HHBO~ y~ue aaocTaJJo
0TH. Eiian ~MH~ 3EOCT8JIOCT (10
55-69) ne Mem,a 6HTHO cnoji,anjmu 113
pJleg noflawaH,a oco6e. OHa ce yrnaa.
j-ioM flOH~LU~ Ha HaMHH KOjH je 3’ ae
fbi C~~~HH14 yoGHtTajeH H I-IC
noKaJyje OMHrJlegHe 3H~KOBC yMHe
3aOCTaJI0CTH. Kaga onpacTy, ycne
WHO P~AC jegHocTaBHe HOCJIOBC. EpH
o ceGH, oaMocTanHo nyTyjy HO
oGJnmcHoj OKO.IIHHI-I. Haytie 3w ~HTajy
H nHtny, aim cy y TOMe cnaGH, cnop~
cy, TCWKO Ce CH~iI~3C ca CJ1O6O3~HHM
BpeMeHoM. FIpH ThOHOWCHy na)lcHl-ix
og.nylca nOTpeGHa MM je noMol’l, jep
IbHXOBH HHTCJICICT3’aJIHII Kanaw-ITCTH
cy Ha HMBO3’ geTeTa O,g 9 Him 10 rogi-i
Ha. Ytsepena .vMHa 3aocTajzocT (10 40—
54) HonomaBa ce H y lurnegy: oco6a
OCTaBJ5a YTHC~K 3w HCUIT0 C ~OM HI-Ije
ypegy. Mory H~~9HTH jw cc 6pHHy 0
CC6H, jep oBJiaganajy HCKHM npaK
TH’IHHM pagi-baMa. Y CT~Fb3’ cy ga
Hay’Ie ga Ce CaMOCTaJTHO Ogenajy,
xpa~e H Oflp3lcaBajy Jm’iiy xMrI4jeHy.
3anaMTe ~eica CiloBa ii pe’lH, ann i-re
~ory ~ ~ayqe ‘IfiTal-be H nHCaH,e. Mo
ry o6aBmaTH HCKH JJCHCTHTHBHH no.
cao, arm oy HecaMocTanflil jep 03’ Ha
HUBO)’ ,z~eTeTa oz~ 6 go 8 rogima.
TeIIIKayMHa saocTairocT (IQ 25—39) 03-
6HmHo orpaHH’Iana MoryhHoCT 3a
y’ieme. CneuHjanHnM Be)K6aH,eM MO
ry H~3’~HTH iw ro~ope H ga sagoBoma
Bajy CEoje odilonHe noTpe6e. He ~ory
ce LUKOJIOBaTH; noTpe6i-ra HM je oTan
Ha 6pnra H Hag3op. HonyT Mane fleL~e,
gory 614TH OTBO~~HH H npHjaTemCIcH
Be3arnl. H,HXOB MeHTaJIHH HHBO je
CJIH’IaH OHOMe y gene oji 4 go 6 rogit
Ha. Honzyiia ~MH~ 380CT&TIOCT (IQ
Hcrxog 25) no npaBl-lsIy npaheua je H
xeHguicennMa. Mory H~3’~HTH 3w xo
gajy H K0~HCTC HelconHico pe’IH. Y HO
BHje npeMe ca cneqHjanHHM TexHHIca
Ma ,,MOJjH4HKaIXHJ e noHamaH,a” ~ory
Hay’IHTH 3w Ce xpane H 3w KO~HCTC
ToaJieT. FbHXOB MeHTaBHH 3’3paCT je
T~H Hill! Hdllog T~H rogHHe. Howe
6aH HMje HOTH3’H Ha~3O~, Ta C)’ ‘{CCTO
xocnHTanll3onaHe.
Y3POUH yMHC 3aoCTaJIoCTH ~ory
614TH opraHoicH (HaC51egHH H cTeMe
1114), noHxo.rlowIcn (unp. eMOUHoHaJI
Ha Gnoicaga) n COUHJaJIHH (Hnp.
)KHBOT~ n3oJlauHjH, HCCTHMyJIaTHBHa
cpegHHa). Mame og 15% YMHO 3aoCTa-
JIHX HMajy jaCaH opraucica 145111 MegH
UHHCKH y3poK. OHH YFJ1~BHOM
cnagajy y IcaTeropHje noTnyHe H
TCUIICC 3aocTaJlocTn. OpraHcicH 4ax-
T0~H Cy: reHeTcice a6HOpMaJIHOCTH
(flip. MOHrOJIOHgHOCT), HH4)exuHje ii
HHTOKCHKagHje Majlce y TOK)’ Tpyg
nohe (Hnp. py6eojie, gpore), nopoljaj
He KoMflJIHKaL~Hje (Hnp. omTehema
Mo3ra yojieg HegocTaTica xHceoHHKa)
H nocTHaTanHH (j)aKTOpH icao InTO cy
nH4exuHje (Hnp. eHue4)aJIHTHC 115tH
MeHHHrHTH0), nonpege rijane, Tpona
me ngp.
HW1’AItA H 3AJjAL~PI
1.flonrnnin-e TC~MHH~ KOjH Ce fl~UH Nfl janmajy y
08DM nornaajby H ~3 caaKH nanemilTe aerono 3Ha9elLe.
TaKo here IIO6HTH MaJIH IIOJ1ceTHHK 0 MHUI11.eH.y H Ifs
TCJIHFCH[IHjH 3’ aitny pe’nrnxa. Y name~ pe’mHKy, no-
pen ocTaimx, MopaIIH 6ii Ce naMi H 0811 TCpMHHH:
MIIWJLCILS EP0HHWLHB0CT~ .1supensuja MJIWJLCFL4
npcTIrocraBKa (xuuoTcaa), KOHICp Cilia MHIILJLCILC a11~
CrpaKlno M1111uJLC1L4 peainccruvxa MHILFJLCJM 11Mar11.
113 TI 18110 MHI11JbC1L~ xps,repujyMu C7Sapag&11Thi~
011111111 MIITCJICK2J’IIJIIIH 4WJCTOP, TCCT
1111TCJIHPC1F1111J~ MCHTUJIHII y3paCT~ )31113 (Mcirrafrna)
3aocTaJIocT
2. HokymajTe ma nollHIuere cae pe~a KOje ThyJlH y
nauioj OKomilnIf lcopllcTe ma Su ~eicora onHcann Kao
H3paSHTo HHTeJIHrCHTHy Hull H3paaHTo U~HHT~flH~CH
my ocoöy. Can c-re ‘iynn 3a upilnene ,,6ncrap” n
,,ryn”. I-Na Sn UX jon!?
Be )K 6 a: Haa6epnre rpn y’lenHKa ,cOjH be 6HT11 )KH~H
3D oLjell,nnaa,e opHrHnaJIHocTH Hmeja Koje 6yay H311e-
am ‘ina~onn namer omemell.a. CBaKH YMCHHK Tpe6a ma
nsa SHOT ‘IHCTO[’ nanapa. OneiEeH.y Ce IIOCT3BH 81113.
cuegehe nwraH.e:
OCIIM JIITO Ce KOpHCTc 33 311.lzaIL; ~CMy foil! M0P~
Isa enyxce L(I-IFJIE? floicymajre Ba npaHal)ere Into
WIIIIC CilTyaI{11ja 5’ KG] Of 671 jenHa 1111118111110 miniu
67

Motile iza ,aoöujy rioBy naMeny. Cne ;uxeje 1(0.10 Bars
114 ~i~Y ira IIBMCT caYeTo 3a&eJrexurrc 3a ofiroBop JiMa
re Ira paclIoJIataiby 10 ~rrnyra” 6. EMounje
)KHPH Tpe6a na caKycH .TIHCTOBC H Ha cKaBH on 1
(HeoparHIlaJiHo) 3405 (inpa3HTo opHrHHaJnIo) OUCHH
one npesinoxcne H34CjC. Ha cileneheM ‘lacy, 6es Ha
nobelba ilMeHa 113111 Ca HuM (KaKo owiy’rn oneJLene),
pa3MorpHTe HajOpHrHHaJlHHje H IIajMaIbC oplirHilail
lie ilneJe. llapaBHo, Kao floJtcTHUaj sa ,,npoflyKLtHjy”
H4eja MOMCC CC yMCCTO uHrne yHoTpe6HTn H HeKa Thpy
ra flO3HaTa cTBap. OCHOBHE BPCTE
EMOLU1OHAJ1HI4X 1IOJABA
Kao iipoLwC, eMOUHje cy pealcuHia
ocoGe Ha HCK~CTB~H~ caThplcaje, 6uno
~a ce TM caThpwajH o~~oce na 4in-
3WfK~ 113114 counjanHy cpe~HHy, 113111
concTBeuy JrnqHoct CBe JETO ,L(O)KMB
JbaBaMO JIJYRIICHO jC CMOWIOH8JIHMM
pealcwIjaMa Moryhe je ~~3J1HKOB~TH
T~H TH11~ THX pealcIulja. HajjeThHo
CTaBHHJa H ~B~I( J1~H0YTH~ eMOUHO
~ajina pealcLulja je a~eflPiBHH TOM
ocehaae npnjaTaocTH 113111 HenpHjaT
HOCTH. Cmi H~UIH ona)Kajn, npeTh
cTaBe, MHCJIH, MOTHBH, JJHJbeBH H
HOCTYHUM flpaheHH C)’ a4)eKTHBHHM
TOHOM. OCehal-La Mdlii eMowije ey Ta
Kote flpHjaTHe IIJIH HenpHjaErHe peaK
uHje, ann cy BlitHe H3ThwFepeHuHpa-
He, Te ce 0 FbHM~ FOBO~H Hflp. KaO 0
paJJ~OCT14, )KanOcTH, JEYTIMI, cTpaxy.
EMounje icoje ce Harno janmajy, Gyp-
HO HCHOJLaBaJY H ThOBOTh~ oco6y y eTa
ne ,,cyxceHe cBecTH” 1-laaHBajy ce
a4ennMa A4IeKTH cy Hnp. rHeB, Gec,
BeJIHKa paThOCT, CH~2KH~ 31,y6oMopa H
GIL
Kao ,1u4CH03111111jC aa yc~ameue
HaqaHe pearonana, eMoJJHje cy o6je-
Th1-IH~eHe 3’ CJTO)KCH~ CT~YKTYPY Koja cc
H~3HB~ TeMnepaMeHT. L~pTe TeMrlepa
MeHra C)’, y 0TBapH, ~CT~JLCHH HaMHHI4
eMOgHOHaHHOr pearoBaH~a. HeKe OCO
Ge cy ~BCK 113111 CKO~O ~BCK Becejle, J~p)’
re cy y CB~M~ icyc~pe H owry~He, Tpehe
C)’ xnaThHe, y~~p~ica~e HTTh. EMOLIHJe C)’
68
F
caCTaBUM ~eo CBHX CJIO)KCHHX )fllHa
MWJKHX ThI4dHO3HUHja, KaO IIITO C~ MO
THBH (Hnp. MOTHB )~pyu1TBeHocTH,
M0THB flOCTHrHyha, MOTIlE ripe
cTlvlca), CT~BOBH (Hnp. CT~B npe~a pa
anH’IHTIIM 43HJIMCKHM KaHpOBHMa,
nOjCThHHHM UIKOJICKHM npeThMeTHMa,
l-ICTaICHYTHM IIOJIHTWIKHM opraHHaa
uHiaMa, ~~3HHM HaL~HjaMa, CTHI4’TKHM
ii peJIHrHjCICHM rpyflaMa), EP~ThHOCTH
(cxEaTatba 0 nOxcemHocTH imp. pan
i-lOnpaBHOCTH noiloBa, TOJ1~~~HTHHX
MeIlysbyThcIcHx oRHoca, ReMOKPaTCKOr’
ypfleHa ThpylnTBa) H CII. YKOJIHICO Cy
eMOLjHje HajFI3pa)lceHI-lJa KOMIIOHOHTa
TaKBIIX aHcnosnuHja, o~ga ceo mu~a
ronOpI4 Kao 0 CCHTMMtHTMM~ (imp.
0eHTHMeHT po.l~HTemcTna, Jby6aBl4,
HaTpHOTH3Ma, ThOGPOUHHCTBa, xyMa
14ocT11).
EyThyhH Tha e~ouno~an~e peaKuHie
—
npo)KnMajy H ~iama ~cicyc~na H nama
aKTyeJIHa nouawama, oHe ~ory hone
0TH hO T~KBHX CTEME Koja 3a Kpahe
uJm ~yxce B~0MC 1lajy OULUTH TOH The
JiOxynHoM UCHXH’HCOM )KHBOTy. Ta
cTai-ba ce o6wmo Ha3Hnajy pacno
jIoxcema. CBaKO noHexftg, ~a~ap 3a
KpaTKo, ,,rOpH Oh P~ThO3H~flOCTH” j~a
H0LUTO C~3H~, H hOK je 3’ TOM CTaHy
oc~ajie CTB~~H ra HC miTepecyjy, je~
Ba Th~ MO)K0 ~a oGpaTn naxcH,y Ha Th1IX.
MSHeHaThaH H HOMMO Thoral)aj, 3am-!-
CHO hO 3Ha’IeHZa icoje 06jeKTHBH0 I4Ma
113111 KOje My flpHt~ajeMo, MO)K~ )~a Fific
Th0B~Th~ 3’ cTaH2e 1IOTHUJTeHOCTI4, Tyre,
3~11JI~UI~HOCTH 113111 HeICO j~pyro eMo
F ~HOH~JIHO cTame Koje he TpajaTli ~a
j Jbaja, 3EYTh11 ce OCehajy BeoMa Heyro~
Oco6irne ~MOUIlOHB31fflIX nojana
I Ca ThwKHBJbajHe c~rpa~e flOCTOjH He
KOJIHICO cnojcTana Koja ce ~ory npe
no3HaTH 1(0Th CB~K~ eMouHoHajiHe
nojane. flpBo, TO je I7OJTapJVI3OBEHOCT
eMouHoHalmor Th0)KliBJbaja. CBaKH
eMOI~HoHanHH ThO)KHBJLaj je npnjaTaH
Him HenplijaTaH_ EMouujanHoj peaK
~Wj~ yBeK npuThajeMo ,,npelflHaK”,
IIO3HTHB~H 143111 HeraTHBaH. J~pyro,
~MOUHOH~J1HH ~ozcHnmaj oco6a yBeK
B~33’~~ 113111 HacTojH Tha nonexe ca
OThPCI)CHHM MCK~CTBCHHM O5jeKFOM.
EMouHje ce ~o~KHBmaBajy no peaK
Julie Ha oThPel)eHn HCK~CTB~HH
Cajipxcaj, ThHXOBO jansbalLe ce pe~oB
HO rrpIJlrxJCyje HCKOM y3poicy. Tpehe,
nopem npeg3Haxa r~ caThpxcaja, CBaKH
eMOUHOHaJIHH ThOxdHnJLaj HMa CBOj
KBEJHITCT, CBOjCTBO no IcojeM ce pa
3.fll-UC)’J~ 0Th OCT~JIHX CMOUH0H~JIHHX
Th0)JcHnmaja. 3axnamyjyhH TOMC y eTa-
my CMO Th~ ~OBO~HMO 0 nojeThHHFlM
B~CT~M~ jeThHOCTaBHILX 143111 CJI0)K~-
fluX eMoi~Hja, no IIITO C)’ 1tH~. pah0CT,
nOHOC, nourroBame 113111 ~ 110-
nhluTeHoeT, pa3O’Iapama. NempTO,
MHTCH3MTeT je OCO6HHa enaicor CMO
UH0H~31H0F ThO)KHBJbaja. Mo2Ke UMaTH
neoMa B~J1HKH Gpoj HHjaHCH 113111 rpa
rlauHja. MOZCeMO ce P~ThOB~TH ,,Mano”,
,,yMepeHo”, ,,MHoro”. PaThOCT je HeKa
Tha jej~na yo~mima, a ~eica~a OBnaJ~a
U~J1OK3’IIHOM JIH’lHoHIhy H HO
HaiuaH,eM oco6e. 11oz~ HO~MEJlHlhM
OKOJIH0CTFIME JLYAJI ~BCIC 3Ilajy HE
-
LUTE ce O,LTHOCJI eMoiwia Kojy ,LfOZCMB
ir~a~ajy, ira .zw je lipPijaTsa Hiffi He
npnjaTHa, o xojoj BJJCTPI CMOJSflJC je
pec H ICOJIMKO je CHaxcHa Axo H3 oG
JeKTHBHHX 113111 Cy6jeKnlBHHx pamo
ra He M0F~ Tha y~np~~e OCHOBHO
0COGHHe CEO!’ ~M0UHOH~JIHO!’ ThO)KHB
HO, npona~e icpoa e~aae HaHeTOCTH H
HeH3BeCH0CTH.
OpraHeRe npo~eiie icoj~ eMoiwja
BMoIznouaJrne peaiolHje C)’ Tedilo noDesane ca
s6nnammja y opranwlMy oco6e. Ennoxpmm
OHCT~M H ayToHoMmf HC~BIHI CMOTCM xourpo
69
 crrpe’iana axntnnoc~, HaUeTOCT cc nonehasa ii
.inimy name ~enec~e peaxn$je npii no)icnuma ‘IC CC Lxpyra’rnje noHanla xa~a je ,,CBC jauma oceliame JbflJb~ Kana je npenpexa Bid
nalby eMonaja ICazia JIO)KMBJLaBaMO niip. 3’ pC~y” 3’ norne~y )KHBOTHHX cFyH n,nna a UNJE anaMajan, dna~Kna nane’rOcT cc
cwax, JEyTiby win nexy jipyry eMounjy, .aosia IcuHia (Hnp. ica~a je CHTO, ‘IHCTO, OR ncnoubana KpOa ocehame racna ReoNeKnnaue
an no noja’ianor paaa nan6y6pew<Hnx ,tcneana. MopHo), a ~pyraMHje xa~a je Taj pe~ npoMene y oxoumnn ~amno cMamyjy Icoinpo
rJonehana cc iiitno ern4Hecj3pnHa n nopennite nopeMeheH (imp. icama je riTaRno, Ka
cjpnna y icpnn. Upa C1T~)KMMM c~ounja~a no ga MY ~C xna)rno, Ka~~a ra HCWTO 60-
L!k~ ny Han OUTyaIIHJOM, 11OX<HBThaDa Ce yOminena
Hula d~CBHM onpflena npeTma carypHoem
naan nO nonamema K~BHOF npnTncKa, y6paa- un). WTO nouonn no nojane cipaxa Crpax je peax
nor pas~a cpna, y6paanor Jincalba, fflHpeIba 3C-
imna, onauaiba CJieI<TpH’iIte OTHOpHOOTH KO
Y paaBojy eMognja yjiore eaapeBa unja na HeH3BeCHOCT HJN nunexnname ona
ma n y~ema Ce TCCHO npo)n4Majy. Ha cnocnr. H neTe H ozipacna oco6a ce ipray xaj~
)I(c, nonehaiba nnnoa wehepa y xpnn, ycnopana ‘iyjy npacax. ReTe no’me na njia’xe it noxasyje
cc paii oprana aa napelbe, noja’iana npHJrnn npnMep, neh 3’ TI~BOM MCCCIJ3’ Ha 143-
ocTane anaxe cTpaxa. Honainame oapacuior aa
xpnH y MO3aK H Mwmnhe ii en. 1-Ia ocnony 4n-t- geHaRaH HjaK 3B3’K 143111 Ha HarilO ryG 6 M~CU~H 2 WC612R 15 MCCIII 2’ MICIUA
uncn o~ cnTyaunje. Mw cxnam na ce He paint
3HOJIO11IKMX noKaaaTema CC JiOCT~ npennano mute no~nore )~eTe pearyje pe4)uieK- CiluKa 61: Flocry’moc~qu4rnpcniwjazwje c.fozsHja O onacaooni, naocrahe eMOinija crpaxa, aim
3aKmy~yje 0 nIlTeIIanTcTy eMounja, ~U1M Tell cuMa ipaama H rpmema. Te peaxuHje y npae Awe tea asic Ikunota
HCKO upeire Monce ocehani oprancxe npoMene
1<0 je aaxmy3nTH 0 KOjO] B~CTM eMounjaje pC’l. npa~n unipe ya6y1~eme: nnau, yGpaaH KapaxTepi-roTwiHe aa jaxy eMOIIHjy (mipnyna
nyjie, OIIIJITH noxpeTu. flpeTriocTan MebyTfiM, MOpaMO npnnncaTn couajannnM
MnnaouaMa, paann’WTHM na’4nnnMa counja me cpua, npxTame). Hohy, na ITpHMep, Hen! Ta
H3pax~aBaIbe eMOluija ma ce R~ 03’ TO npna HcnomaBama xan npacaic he naasnara ocehame CTpaxa, jep
nnaOBama ne’ije nMnyncaBHocTa.
cTpaxa. Ha oBe pe4uIeKcHe peaxuuje oco6a He MO)Ke GpO, ca~o noruienon, na Oiiena
OdiloBun o6nnwi ncnomanan,a eMounja cy MOm)’ Ce ITyTCM ycno~~~a~ama BeaaTH flodMawame ~eum~or 6poja geue OMO oaTyazuijy.
ypo~eiin ii ynnnepaaiifln. Rena ~oja cy on H CJIH’IHC peaxgaje e~paxa nper.u ryhuno je na ce yTflpflH penocnen jann,ama no
jCIIHHHX eMOnuja. CnnKa 61 npiucaayje EMoijUje my6ann, Tyre it Mp>Klte Cy ua rpa
pol)elta cnena, TC OJIpaCTajy Gea MoryhiloeTH HC3’T~~JIHMM npeRMeTHMa. CTapnj HHUH H3Mety peutaninno jennocrannnx H
na nOcMaTpajy apyre, Ha onpeliennM y3pacTH- U0CTyIIIIOCT y nacDepenunpawy eMounja y ro
ReTe uMa Binne cTpaxo~a OR Minter ~y npne nue ronane zunoTa. culoncenux eMonaja. ThyGaJl je ipajna, noaH
Ma nOKaayjy one napaae nnua a recTone KOjH BC1IHHy e~paxo~a je Hay’muIO (eMo ninna ac~ex’i-nnna BeaaModT aa o6jei.ar xojn
C)’ KapaxTepHeTmian aa nojenane eMonaje. npencnnuta onpe~eny BpeIIIIOOT. Fy6i-inx He
uHoHaumo yenonmaBame), a sa noja~
HeKH H3paaH iimia HMajy HCTO anaMeme y flpnMapHe eMouuje xora xora c~o noneum, ne’xei-a 11110 0)40 UCHH
HCKHX B~CMCHOM je ca~pe~io (imp. y
CBHM KynTypaMa. eoTorpa4mje nnua xoja no ni-i naaam~a ocehan,e lyre. Tyra je e~ot~iija
xasyjy cpehy, 6cc, ~yry, ozinpaTnooT, cTpax ii IIOMCTKY pearo~ama Ha JbYRCKH JIHIC EMouHje KOje CC jaBmajy y ~~HOM ~e KOJy KapaxTepiulie CMameu lIMBO axTunnooni.
Hanena1~le1be noxaaane cy npanannngaaa pa ReTe jeRHaKo pearyje Ha CB~ .nnua, THH,CTBy C)’ OCHOBHC HHH IIpHMapHC O’iaj xao o6umx KHTCH3I-LBHe iyre npahen je
anwIwrl-ix KynTypa a 01111 C)’ MX yrnanito~ 01(07. HuH 8 ~eCeua no~iime ga MONO
eMOLtHje. OHe Ce jaBmajy KOg fl~C y npno HMTI)’JICHBHHM peaxIIHjaMa, aim one cy 3’
TaMHO KnaCa(~HK0naJt14. maim CT~~X O)~ Heno3HaTHX mwa; TO 001101114 i-umax nacanne H ImpeTe)Kno ay-roarpe
CBMM KYJIT3’paMa H )‘FJIaBHOM
KOM IIpBC H RPYFC FORHHC RCTC CC He eanne. OnGojnocT Koja iionoim no ~ETHBH0CTH
oRpacaBajy TOKOM ‘ifiTaBor zilBoTa.
PA3BOJ EMOJ4HJA nJIaIUH ICHB0THH,a ~KOJIHKO Ce ITO y OJIHOC)’ Ha OGjCKaT, a ne ~o n,eroBor Ha
Ha’IHH anxo~or ncnomanama ce Bpe
Hamajy ~CJI~THBHO MHpHO, aim xa miynrrama, aaneMapunama H na6erasama,
MCHOM Mema, RCJIOM NOR yTHixajeM
CHHJC no’mme R~ Ce flJT~ffl1I HCKHX oGa’mo xmpepaon y ocehamc mcoje cc naz~nna
IIHTaFEC R~ JIM HOBOpotJew{e RO)KHB y’iema a RCJIOM H a6or OpI’aHCKHX
NO3HaTHX H OBHX HCIJO3HaTHX )KHBO Mpzxn,a. 3ajaxy Mpxoby xazxe ce na je ,,ollen&’,
ma~a eMoI.jMjC, noKpehe H HH3 xipyr~x npoMeHa y npoizecy caspe~ama H Ka
THaa). jep ocoGy ‘mmt neoceTmHnoM aa none Hntop
rniTama 0 flPHPORH eMouHoHanHT1x CHHJC 3’ npoi~eey TeJIecHor onaRaH,a.
nojaBa: Jecy .nu eMoT4Hje ypoteHe?
Ha yummy YPOtCHHX MHHHJI~IZ~ H Maw!je n nedmxocoGuo)s aa nonnmo paz
fipilMapHe eMoflHje Cy onm~a MJ4UUL~1SC 14 caMoKoHTpony Ta upon
oa3peBaaa y pa3uojyeMowIja yxa3y-
KaxBy yjiory y jaBmamy eMouHja ocehama npHjaTHoCTH H HenpHjaTHo cjmozxeanx eMoul-Ija y umnpe~ o6iuay ce janma
je noHamame ~eue xoja C)’ OR pot ema
HMajy caspename n y~eme? Y ‘iet~iy je 0TH, H NOCC6HH CMOgHOHaJIHH RO)KHB KOJI onpnje nene, y roJInnaLfa mcoje npenone
CflCt1~ H F313’B~. OHa ce eMejy xa~a cy
ynora eMouHja y )KI4BOTY ‘I0BCKa? majil —pa~oeT, my6a~, rHen, cTpax, nyGepTery.
saRoBomHa, a npu cny~a~amy noRpe
Tyra.
HonopoteH’Ieje OCeTJbHBO Ha CUb Ta ncrlomaBajy Gee.
mauime yTMuaje H na 36HBaH,a y CBOM flocTI-nameM )Kemeuor uwma oMan,yJe cc Cu1o’iceHe eMounje
Haqan Hapai!canana r.mornx eMomija Ce
opraHnaMy. MemameM cBojC aXTHB HIIaK flU. CpenHna He Jio3nomana imrnyurcnu HanerocT KapaKTepHcrn’ma aa cue eMouno
14OCT14 OHO lIoKasyje ~a oceha maR, Ho nonamame. HMWIauHjOM neTe y~n eMouMo irnnno-uomHe npOuece, a THTTH’IaH eMOuno
IfflJIHH flOIcHBJbaj y Bean ca T~EBHM Y aROJIecUeH1~HjH H ORP~C3IOM ROGy
xJlaRuohy, Goii H Ci!. Y TOj OITJIITOJ HaiiHH H3pa3 onpacimx. ,floon Cy yO’uiiltne ORHOCH oco6e ca OKOJIRHOM nooTajy
riodnirnyheM je paizocr. Biro je ui-rn, npennn
113TH l7ioãaJfHoj ceH3o-MoTopHoj BK rpynne H coulijaume paannxe y eMoimonaul OuIO)KCHHjH. L~o3Ia3H IjO cTa6mnrnjer
ja, uno je H~JiCTOCT bnna neha, TO je ja’ie
TIIBHOCTM najiaae Ce H 3a’TCUH CMO MOM napaay. HaThBHCTH MX npnimoyjy Guo
ocehame pa,U0CTH YKOJUKO HeKa npenpexa noueaaaama eMouNja ca zxpymnM rICH-
UHOHaJIHOr pearonama. HoBopo1~JeH- nowKlThf ‘mimonn~a. Ty B~CT)’ paasmxa,

70
71
XH’JICHM npOl4ecHMa —ca3HajHHM H
M0THBaUMOHO-BOJbHHM. To oMoryhy
je jaBmame Beirnicor Gpoja pa
3JIMqHTHX cJIO)ICCHHX eMoIu4ja. I-Ia
npHMep, my6oMopa, oayuIeBJbelte,
nomToBaae C3’ eMounje cJIo)lceHe OJ~
BHuIe eMOuHoHanHllx TeH~eHUHja,
none3aHe ca dnegH4n4qnHM HaMHHH
Ma ona)KaH,a, MHWmeHa H noHaulawa.
FlocToje join cnOKeHHje eMoLwje.
ilpilMep TaICBHX eMoflHja cy naTpMo
TM3aM, poyi~~~emcxa Jby6aB, pOMaH
TWIHa my6aB, ant-i a ocehaaa Icajama,
KpHBHLIC, HenpHJaTemeTBa H Cit Y
TOM CMHCJI3’ ce F0BO~M 0 MopanHHM,
anTpyHCTWHCHM, peJu-JrHO3HHM, no
JIHTH9KHM, eCTCTCKHM, XC,flOHIICTH9-
KHM, yTHnMTapHHM H J~p. ocehaH,HMa.
3Gor ‘inpcTe nOBe3aflOCTH ca ca3HajflHM
ca.npNcajnMa H mHpHM OGJIHUHMa nollarnalba,
cjiowcene eMornije cc o6H~IIo Cxl3aTajy icao
KoMnoucirre pa3JrH’IHTHX cdnmMdHaTa, HUTC
pecoBama, cTanoua, flpClIHOCTH, EJ~ H flOjCfll4-
1114K npn nHqILOcTH.
EMOLIHOHAJIHOCT Y
MOJIECUEHJ1HJH
EMOUHOHanHH XCHBOT aj~onecue~~a je
MeInaBul-la CM0UH0HanH0cTH IcapaK
TepMcTM~He aa )ICTMH3cTB0 H HOBHX,
cnoxceHHx eMouMia oeo6e Icoja TC)KH
y~a 6y~e o~paciTa, caMocTaJiHa, ueaa
BMcHa, cno6orwa 3’ O,!~HOC3’ Ha CBC M3-
nope MoryhHx orpanwiema. Maico cy
HHJ~HBH?~3’~JIH~ paaiinice BejiMice, jiega
y BehHHM cny~ajeBa OTBO~~HO Mcno
ThaBajy cBoje eMouMje. EMOUHjC cc
KOJI )~eue jaBmajy Harilo, icao Hello
epeyuia peaicuaja Ha C~CBMM ompfle
Ha 36MBama. O6wlHo cc MdnomaBajy
neo~a CHa)KHO H ~CJI~THBHO 8p30 je
manajy. A)~onecueHT HacTojn )~a KOH
~poiinme janmame eMouMja, rioee6—
HO 0111-TX Icoja yrpoacaBajy mero~y
npe~~c~any 0 de6M H Icoje GM, yicoimico
72
MX HCHOThH, cpewi~a Mor.rla ilpoTy
Ma’IMTM icao s~aic ,,CJIa600TH”, ,,Mal-Ee ¶
Bpe)rnocTM” HuH ,,HespeuiocTn” Jey~
Ha OJ~ H3~~3HTHX dflei.~M4)WiHocTH ne-
pMo)~a Mna)xanamTBa jec~e BMCOK
cTeneH YCPeJ~CPeheHOCTH Ha eMoulio- I
HaJIHM )ICHBOt OBJIe MO)K~MO yKasaTH ~:
CaMO Ha H~1COJ1MKO KapaKTepH0THKa
a~ouiecfleHTcKe eMouHoHaJIHocm.
Pany aJ~onecueH1jHjy ousiaicyje
17~0MCHJM4B ~HT8M eMoflkIoHaJrHor
~KuBora Harno ~emame pacno
noxcel-ba H ~excma )~a ce cTBapHa
ocehama llpHKpMjy nOBe3aHH C)’ ca
BeJIMKHM GpojeM ‘mHHuIaua KapaKTe
pI-I0TM’IHHX aa Taj yapacT. To je EpeMe
3’ KojeM HacTajy aHa’IajHe xopMoHan.
He npoMeHe, mTo je oupaa npoueca
llOJIH0~ caspeBama. Ounoc npe~a
CONCTBCHOM couMianHoM craTycy je
M3~~3MTO aMGHBaJIeHTaH: Ha H3FM~J~
M~MXB~T~ CTaT3’C nereTa y xoj eM ra
CpeuMHa jOin 3’B~K up2KH, a CBOjHM
ocehamMMa H H~ICHM noHaulamuMa
npeTeHmyje Ha CT~T3’C Mna1~Mha HuiM
geBojice, Ti. oco6e icoja aMa penamB
HO ifiMpoKy ayToHoMHjy oguiy’muama
H noHaulama. PearoBame Henocpeg
He OK0JiMH~, npe cuera nopouuue H
micone, join je aM6MBaneHruHje. Ha
npuMep, og HOTOF agouiecueflTa ce y
MCTOM J~aHy 3axreBa ga ,,cuiyuia”, Tj.
ga 6yge ~egoapeo aa caMocTaumo
ogJIy’lMBame 0 C0IICTBCHHM alcmBHo
CTaM~,. H ga Gyge ,,ogroBopaH”, Tj. ga
C~MOCT~JiHO gOHOCH npHxuaTmHBe,
no lcpnTepuj 3’MHM~ cpeg~~e ,,apeuie”
ojxnyice. Yarn, cpegima ce npe~a ago
.JlecuenTy ‘tecro no~auia HeTaJcTH’IHO.
POgHTeJEM gOaBOJIe Ce6H ga rpy6o
HenoThe cBoja ocehama aa6pHuyTo-
CTM, OgroBopHocTH, 0fl3”tHOCTH H
HagMohil, mTo agonecuewra gonoga y
eMouMoHaumo HeHpHJCBaTJJ,HBy cli
TyauHjy. TaKBa ~cicycrna cy ‘lecTo no•
BOg ga cnojy neh neoMa H3omTpeHy
dnoco6HocT aanaxcama auoujecueur
ycMePH Ha noHamame PO)WTeJba H
ocTanlix oco6a y H,erOBOj Henocpeg
~OJ OicoJmHI ICa~a MM noKa~ice 1W RH
ThUXOBO noHamame u~je Gain HaJGo
me ydicualleHo ca CTaH~(apJU4Ma Ha
0CHOBY KOJHX ouemyjy mero~o no
HaniaH~e, ~ecnopa~y~n cc o6H~Ho upo
j~y6myjy, y HeKHM cny’iajeBHMa KOMy
~ uHicauHia Ce CKOj3O GacBHM HpeKH)1a.
AJiOJJeCLICHT cc T1OB~~M~HO 110-
I nnawi y ccSe. Theroua ocehama
Ii ~pTe OKO npeHdnHTnBaaa
Mlix nOTeHuajana H oco6HHa. Pas
Mrnuma o cnomawmeM Harne~y,
I nOJinO) a)~eKBaTHOCTH, CTaT3’Cy 3’
I: IIIKOJIH, Mety BptuJEaLiHMa, MoryhHo
cm ~a ce HanurHe H3Halj orpa
nuqeaa Koja ra caga npnTnmhy H cit
npaheHa cy CMeIFHBaHeM HpHJaTHHX
a HenpHjaTHHX ocehama. P13 CBOjI4X
pa3MHJlIJbaag ((Offi MOP)’ 5HTH Blilila
Huh Mama CK~HBCH~ Qit ,ZZp)THX, 8210-
JICCIjCHT iipa~n icpahe exccKypsnje y
npaKTwrHo HdflpoOaBaae ~&3HMX yno
ra ii cTjlJroBa go~a~uama Y ~icema ~a
caM ojjpe~~ K~KB3’ he cuiHicy 0 me~y
HM~TM oKonlma, ‘IFcTO fl~~BH Harne
aaOKeTe y Ha~HH3’ oI~eBama, noHa
mama, ouHoca npe~a o’leicMBamHMa
onpadJIHX H Bpmmalca. HeKana ‘taic
noqaH,e ~ja cc noHalna GusapHo, ga
CT~’tH Ha H~’tHH aa KOjH Bepyje na je
opnrlmanaH H IZOBOThHO ,,moKaHTaH”.
Y cTnapH, ‘iemhe 03’ TO O6JIMgH MacoB
Hor noHauiama K0jH aaxBaTajy MpH
nagnuxe jenue renepaljuje nero
neicn aaHcTa O~H~HH~J1HH o6pacuu
o’ncpaBama ce6e npe~i upyruMa. 11cM-
xO31O311 06M’IHO Kaxcy: 8JZOJICCUCHT ax
cIIepkrMeHmuLre caM ca c050M pa 5w
powao po oproBopa Ha iiHT2ThC~ ICo
caiwja? Kaxua ciw oco6a?
Y eneMy ToMe B~)1ffl~ ynory HMajy wionc
CIZCHTCKC npwna~Kc rpyire. One ua paane
ua’mne noMa)xy jia nocTanmena nn~ama ~o6n-
jy npnxnaTu~Hne onronope. flpno, xpo~
Ilpyzeibe, yaajaMny Be3aHocT ~ nonpiuKy, one
oMoryhyjy aalloBOJbdibe eMoflHonanHHx no
we6a, cmapajy ocehane npHxnahenocTa,
npahialiHOCTK H cornijaurne a.UeKRaTIIOCTH.
$pyro, 3’ mama cc neice om 3~MIUUJb~HHX ~
,KemeHHx yjiora ~oncxne peaurn3yjy icpoa pa
cnpane 0 alcTyeJiHilM TeMaMa, pa3ronope 0 iiuia
H0RHMa II aajeflh4HMKc aicunje To je napo~wro
3Ha~ajHo sa ycnajaac cowfJaunIux HO~MM H
4opMupame cHcTeMa npelWoGTH. Tpehe, asio
necgeHTCKe rpyne og cuojax ‘ijianona waze
nHcoK CTCnCH KoH4~opMHpama One ym’iy ne
caMo na cnaKonnenno nonamaibe neh H H~
Ofl~)K~iLC H pa3yMcnan3e npyInTneHaX 36ana-
ma a 011H0C&
Occhama HBICJIOHOCTH H neHarJIOHocTH 110-
cTajy OpHJCHTHpH 3’ COUHJaJIHOM nonamamy.
Koji ajiouledlieHaTa ce Ocehaibe naiculonoem
yrJiaBHoM sacnana na onaxceHoj cJ1H’IHOCTH a
KoMnuleMenTapuocTa ynepema, miTepecona
ma, cTanOna H, Hapo~aTo, eMounonauiHor pea
ronama na HCTC caaplcaje. I4aKnoHocT nocTaje
xpaTepnjyM 3a n3Gop oco6a ca xojaii agouxe
CIICHT oupwana cTa6Huufe ii caJlp)lcajHe ognoce.
C3IH’IHOCT eMouaonaurnor pearonama ~oxce
6HTH ocuona 3a npJio caj~picajna H CTHMyJIa
ninna JIpyxelba Meby anoJiecIleHThMa KOjH na
npBa noruleul, no IICI(HM c~opMauiHHM H COW!
jaJflhJ4M MepHJIHMa HeMajy MilOFO 3aj021-
HH’iKor. C npyre cwazie, noTnyuo paZJUf’uiTe
Te>Icibe H B~~flh1OCT14 pa1~Iajy HeHaKJIOHOCT,
adlcsby~aBocT, a ‘lecTo HenpiijaTeabcTno a ax-
THRUM aHTaFOHH3aM.
CexcyanHo caapename H HHTHM
HOCT npHjaTemclcHx ognoca HauIaae
Cfloj y p0MaHTH~Hoj Jby6aBH. HocTe
neiio cc cruapa cjiHKa ocoGe cynpo
mor nona icoja Haj6ome ogronapa
pa3um’IHTHM oqexanamilMa agouie
cuenTa. McTMHa, Ta cumica cc onacyje
yoninTeHo, np~genn~a KOjH oana’ta
Bajy cue InTO JC noAceJhHo, cagp)KH
oqHruIegHe aim H MHOF~ fl~HK~HB~HC
HeyclcuiatjeHocTH. OHa go6aja Ha cno
joj jacHohH icaga cc noneace ca KOH
K~~THOM 0006OM. HCTHHa, Ta 3aMHW-
mci-ia CJIHKa Moxce 611TH ~M~Tkb~ y[Ioa
~anamy CTB~~HH1C oco6HHa oco6e
npe~a icojoj cc rajH oHaj IcoMnJIeKc
ocehama xojH cc jen~oc~an~o Os-
73

Haqana Kao .my6aB. Kayia HeKo nocije
MHOE’O roIluHa onHcyje GBOJY ,,flf3Ey
.m,yGaB”, M~CTO Ge 36yHH npej~ nina
meM xoje xao i~a Ge caMo oj~ ce6e Ha
Mehe z~a im je oH/oHa 3~HCT~
noGefloBao/nocegoBara Te J~HBHe OGO
6HHC Him caM My/jOj MX ja npHnH
Gao/npHnHcaJIa? Behulla MJ1aJ~HX .Tby
)~H ce, i-ta Gpehy, He flpHJqflxaBa K~~T0
Te 3a;4HulmeHe GJmxe, Te cy y GTaI-by
z~a y gpyrnMa rnuie 0006HHe KOje OHM
~FJI~BHCM H noGe~yjy.
3HA’-IAJ EMOLIJ’IJA 3A MEFITAJIHO
3)~PABThE
Tnp.luba ~a je ypauHoTefceH eMouno
HaJIHI-! )KHBOT BazaH MHHHJIaI4 Men
TanHor 3j~paBJ~a ocoGe je jex~Ha ojj
OHHX Kojy npHxBaTajy HGHXOJI03H
CBHX TeOpHjCKHX H nparcTH’IHHX OpH
jeuTaullia. BeHWCH 3Ha’!aj ce npunH
Gyje eMouHjaMa icao KOMITOHeHTH
MeI~JYThY11GKHX oj~noca, ogHoca npe~a
conGTBeHoj JIH’JHOGTI4 H OJ~HOca upe
Ma )KHBOTHMM LtHJbeBHMa H upe~no
cTHMa.
EMOUHOHaJTHa CaMOKOHTJJOJIa H Yitora eMowija y TepanujcKoM npoi~eey
CMOUHOH~JIH~ cTaGHnHocT Gy T~CH0
noue3aHe ca nOCTH3aH,eM ycnexa y Y caupeMeHHM 3npaBcTnernIM yCTaHonaMa Ce
uHoHanHa PeaKuHia Huje OIITHMaJIHa,
6HJ1o 3~TO WTO je npecna6a Hiffi npe
jaica, Ka)IceMo j~a je oco6a ,,Hary6HJta”
eMOUHOHaJIHY GaMolcoHTpoJJy. EMO
‘woflanHa cTaCIigHocr je Ha31,IB 3a
017IJJT~ N~T~ fiJi¶IHOCTH Koja cc wcao
JLaBa 3’ )ZOCJJC11HOCTH CMOIWOHaJIHOF
pearonama u crIocodHocrsi ocoEc izg
6e3 06311pa Ha OKOJIHOcTJI CBOjC CMO
IWOHaJIHe peaKiwie ,LIPICH JiOfi KOH
TpOJIOM.
Ycn’ezujja eMoiwoHairna pa~~cna
je H3~tJ3 KOjlIM ce 3’ EIGHXOJIOFHJH 03-
HaqaBa OJ~HOC H3Mfly ilB~ Mliii BHU1~
oco6a y IcojeM OHe GJIO6OJIHO H OTBO
peso HGflOJEaBajy GBOje eMoulije. Atco
je cnouTaHo, HcnojbaBame eMoI4Hja
J~OJ1j3HHOGH onagaH,y Of3FaHCKe H 11GM-
XH’nce HaneToeTH. YMeCHHUH y TaIcBoj
HHTepaKLu-zjH ocehajy ce 6ojbe, 110311-
THBHHJe MHCJIG He ca~o jenHH 0 npy
fl4Ma Hero H 0 GaMHMa Ge6H. Ho
npaBHJiy, noja~aBajy Ge TaicBa oceha
ma icao HITO cy ocehame cx-iryp~oc~u,
yna)KaBame ,IZPYrEX H CaMoftolilToBa
me.
r
t
Ocehalbe aHonaMnocild H GecnoMohnocm cy
s~ ‘faCTO upaTehe nojaBe xocunTanH3annje 3ane-
uy H cl-ape ocoGe xocrrnTanl3auI1ja MO)KC 6W
Til ~ TP~~M~TH’f~H ao)IcHBJbaj Haj
~Qy3nanHje upeBeHTHBhlO cpCJiCl BO aa ileyTpa
jaicaibe ireramrn-lHx e4eKara xocnwTa.nw,a
gRie je eMounonarnia nonpiuxa Kojy nauR
jeilTy npy)~a Me11HUHHCKO oco6me flocToje
~cTpa)KHna~KH flOK~3H iia CC 1 FIMO y6p3aBa H
CaM [IpolleC H331e’Ielba-
EMOLIHJE H CTPEC
JbynH eMolulonanHo pearyjy ~a cue
npoMeiie Icoje fIPHBYKY muxouy
nawcmy. HpoMeHe ce Mory oxtHocHTH
Ha 4H3H9Ky H Goulljairny 0KOJIHHY, iia
~TaH,e y OpraHH3M3’ 111TH Ha 11CHXH~I~~
36HBama. CBaKoj Og nIX npoMeHa
oco6a npnfliiGyje onpel’)eHo 3iiaqeme.
flpoMeHe MO!’)’ 611TH He3HaTHe HuH
BeoMa ciia,KHe, oqeKuBalle HuH nOT
H~HO H3HenanHe. TIpOMCHe KOJHM
oco6a apwraje BeJn41u1 3Hauaj, KOje C)’
~3 TO HHTCH3JIBHC H Raffle, sl3a3IlBajy
nop eMehaj opraucice XI ncnxwnce pan
HoTexce. Taico H3a3BaHa nepaBnoTe)Ica
He MO)K~ ce npena3uhii yo6wIajeHHM,
uHule neh yGTamGHHM o6pa-
—
~a 6H npoy’IHJW luTa GBe H3a3HBa
c~pec H K~XBH C)’ TpaJHH H npHBpeMe
i-tM e4eKTH cTpeGa, nay~rni~n C)’ en
CTCMaTCKM ~e~pa~ic~uanii cue BpCTe
cllTyauHja H a6HBama Icoja ~HHe ThYil
CRY GBaKOilHeBHHUY. To HM je OMo
ryhHno ga YTBPilG KOjH norahajn y
)KIIBOTY ~oueica npencTaBmajy naue
eny J1~~KPGTHHUY H nofloile ilO BehHx
113tH MaEEHX nopeMehaja meroue eMo
gi-toHaniie pauHoTexce. UpoyMaBaHa
C)’ TJJM mna peaxuHja Ha eTpeG. EM0-
L(pioHaJrHe peaKwije Ha c’rpec MO!’)’ Ge
K~GT~TH O~ ocehama He3HaTHe Hey
roJ~nOCTH go GHaxcHOr c~paxa 113111
rHeua, O)~ JIaXO!’ y36y1)ema no ~aj
GHaXCHHjHX a4eKTHBHHX eTama. TIpo
MCHC HoHaxuama C)’, Ta1co1~)e O~f’0BOp
na GTpeC. CTpec yTH’ie Ha Gpoj
rpema~a Icoje ThYilH npaue y eao
Gpahamy ca d)H3H~1coM H cOuHja.IIH0M
0XOnI4HOM, npii y~emy, Ha pa~~y H cit
YMepeH el-peG Moxce ga no6omuia
y~1HHaK, aJIH cHaxcaH cTpeG, na H tcan
je npHjaTaii, cMamyje )‘CfleUIHOGT y
CBHM aKTHBH0CTHMa. cliIi3HOJIOJlFKc
npo~ene oTicpHuajy ga GTpeC norata
ueO opraHH3aM, na noJIa3M no uen~
icor onTepehema nojegHHHX opraua H
npo~e~a y mHxoBOM pany.

CunMa ananTHuHor noHaulama. Hpe HajneTaJ1~HHje G3’ npoy~ei-ie 4u-

ua)KHHM aKTHBH0GTHMa H KOHGTpyK ycnOcTanJbalhe a,aexBaTnHx eMogHonajiHux
oThHoCa H3MeIJy nagi-ijeHaTa H MeIu-wnHoKor cuera HeOnxogHO je gogaTHo MO6H- aHoJiounce peaKuuje Ha cTpeG. Anajuii
THBHHM noHaIuaH,eM 3’ KPHTJ’I’11114M
oco6jba CMaTpa BeOMa 3Ha~ajHoM KOMIJOHCN .nHCame eHeprHje. HOCpCgGTBOM eMo 3a npoMena icoje ‘iHite ~3’TOM8TCK3’
GHTyauHjaMa. EMOWIOH2JIHa caMo TOM TCpaIJHjCKor JIPOIICCa. ilpirn, xna.TIHTeTHH
uHOHaIIHHX noxcHBmaja gOJia3H ilO peaKwIjY Ha crpec 0TK~HJ1~ je na ce
K0HT~0R~ cc UCiloltaBa y C170C05H0- eMoguonasmH 0)flIOCH Cy JCJiHHO namano cpea
HHTeHSHBHpama OpraHCKHX 11 ncM o npl-rnpeMH aa &op&y H~OTHB
en-i ocoEe ,zza K0f-ITpoJTHILlc ja~uHy CTBO 3a KaHanucaibe naunjeHToBnx eMouwo
xHqlcHx peatcuHja, no c~uapama onaxceHe onacHoGTn Mliii sa 5excame y
CBOJXIX CMOWI0HaJZHHX peaKz(14ja Y HannHx peaxgnja Ha Gojiect Thy5azaii ii
cnpeMHocTn aa cyoMaBaFEe ca CHTya aOHy CHrypHOGTH. PeaicqHja Ha GT~~C
cHTyaulljaMa xao 1UTO C)’ Hflp. Ba2KHH npellycpeTmHn O11HOC upeMa nauHjeH-ry cy noqHme y MO3ry, y XH11OT~J1~M)’GY KO
HGIIHTH 113tH 3Ha~ajHa TaIcMHqema, ocuona meronor iiouepeu,a y TpeTMaH H UHjOM Koja saxTeBa 6p30 onnrlHBame
H 6p30 nocTynaihe. To cTai-~e ce Ha311- jH KOHT~OJIHU1~ ~~TOHOMHH H~~BHH
ocoGa oGTnapyje caMoxouTpojly TaKo ocehama cHrypnocTH. Jlpyro, y yC.TIODHMa no GHcTeM H 11POH3BOilFEY X0~MOH~ (npe
Ba CT~~CHO CT~ThC 111111 j e~HOGTaBH0
uiTo GUOM eMounoHajiHoM ya5ybeHy 3HTHBHHX CMOUHOHaJIHHX OllHOca, nauHjenT KO MHT3’HThpHC xcJie3ge). Pa3HH geno
cTpec. 36irname Mliii GiiTyauHja Koja
2~O3J3OJbaBa ~a ce no~HrHe G~MO ~0 he naicme jipicaTH non KOHW0JI0M H one npo mi 7-ella no6njajy cHrHasIe ga ce
ra je u3a3BaJla 3oBe Ge CT~~C0P Mliii
HHB0a J~O Kojer 0110 uOUpHHOCH MeRe eMognonairnOr pearonaita icoje cy no np~npe~e 3a cyo’ianame ca ona
ciienwia caMe Go JIeCTH. XOCIIHThJJH3aDHJa je crpecore~a cIITyaLWja. flourro cue
ycpe~cpflHBamy nazme na axTnn CHO nihy.
nenrnca ilpoMena yclioJ3a zciinom. Ona ji~onoj~u eMouHoHanHe peaKuHje nMajy npens
HOGT xoja je y nHTaH3y H o~p)KaBaay Moneic pearyje He G~MO Ha onaXce
110 onnajama ocoGe on cpelwHe y xojoj je HMana HaK, FOBO~H ce 0 11O3JTHBIIOM H iiera
MOTHBaJ.lHje, Ha OIITHManH0M HHBOy. cnoje MecTo, nie C)’ je CBH iIO3HaEaJuj H rile cy He, JI~HCYTHC npente Hero H H~ pa3-
THBHHM GTpeGOBHMa.
YKOJIHKO 3’ KpHTH9HOM nep~o~y eMo joj MHOfl! IIpHJiaSHIIH ca )‘na~KauameM. He BJ3CTe MOFY1IHX, aaMHuiJEeHnx H

74 75
OqeKHBaHHX fipenbil. KaKo he oco6a
1~O)KHBeTH, rIpOTyMa’{HTH EIpeTH,y 3a-
Bid O)~ KYJITYPC K0jOj npana~a, CO
uHjanHor nonoxcaja KojH 3aynma,
BJI~CT11THX HcKyCTaBa, T~~H~TH0F pa
CnoJlo)Kema, Kao H og cmLlaja ~~3HHX
J~PYFHX OKOJIHOCTH. 3a jaBi~ame erpe
ca H FbCFOBHX CMOWIOHSJIHHY4 .flpaK
TElVHHX H O~F~1-fC1CHX JIOCJJCRHIK8 E14je
TOJIHKO 3HacajHo O6jCICTHBHO 3HaW-
me cnTyaw4je MilK 351-mama ICORMICO
je 3navajan CMHC3O 1COjM TOJ cnryawi
f~r unu 36JJBamy Epunaje 1COHK~CTH~
oco6ayiraroMMoMenTy. Eon Koji go
na3u o~ noBpeae ~ac~ajie y duTyalill
ju Koja je Gina ~eo~a onac~a no
)KHBOT, oco6a MO)1C~ CM~T~~TH He
B~)KHHM ~ naico flOLIHOIIJJbHBHM y no
pe~emy ca 0HHM ulTa joj ce Morno
I~edHTH.qOBeK je CnOCO6aH rja lcoH
T~OJIHUJC S6HBaH3a 3’ OKOJIHHH (Hnp.
sa’ruapameM npo~opa Moxce CMaHZHTH
Gyicy icoja yrpo~ica~a merony naDIcmy)
H ga rnega yHanpeg, ga o’ieKyje LuTa
he cc gecim H ga cc npinpe~i sa iy
cnTyaw4jy. MflyTHM, o’ieic~~a~2e go
rabaja (Hnp. nmeicujlje, onepaullie,
HcnHTa, TaKMwiema, nonarama pa’iy
Ha 3~ cBoje no~awame n Ga) r~ioice
611TH jaMiJ cTped On caMor jwrabaja.
OMeIduuame rJlegaH,a 43HnMa 0 3~fflTH-
TN Ha pagy aa icojH je y~anpeg
pe~ei-io ga yxmy’lyje N ct~eny y xojoj
MaulHna ogcei~a tlpcT 1-leonpeaHor
pa~nnica, 113~3B~JL0 je cBe cHMnToMe
cTpeca. HcTpaxnna~H 03’ YTBPIIHJIH
ga TOKOM BHKeHga yo’IH na)xHor acm-i
T~ H H~~0’iHT0 yjyTpo npeg caM
HCHHT, MHO1’H CT~~~HTH g0’KHBJbaBa-
jy a3paalrrnje 3H~KOB~ c~peca nero
xaga 3aH0MH3’ ca noilaraH,eM ncnwra.
,,Fope je ‘IcKaTH Ha HC11HT nero nona
ram ra; Kari nojiaxcem HeMai.u icaga ca
cc Gpnnem”, peicao je jegati oj~ HdnH
TaHHKa.
76
O’lexnBame MOxce ga noja~a cTpec,
anH H3H~H~HH gcDKHBJbaj c~pecne
cHTyaunje Moze GirtH jom wayMa
TH’IHHJH. Ha npi-iMep, H3HeHagna no
jaua icona a~ 6o’rne ynHue, ncTp~aBa
ite geTeTa Ha 113’T 11 cii. MOF~ 6irrn
BeoMa crpecnn gorflajii. Boaa~ je
caB Mo6HnHcaH ga Ii36erHe Hecpehy,
HeMa icaga ga MHCJIH o geTaji,HMa MO
ryhHx nocnerwua, anH IcacHHje, icaga
cxBaTa fl3’HO 3Ha’ieme i.~ora~aja, go
jiasi go anpeHain-IHeicor moica. Haxo
o6jexmBHor noBona Baffle HeMa, ~~B
majy cc oprai-icxa GHMHT0MH cTpeca.
14 rianHMa xacHHje, npe cnanama npii
Bilta M~ Ce ygec, 111th pa3Bi-ljajy 4)aH-
TaaHje o MoryhuM napHjaHTaMa yge
ca
HpBa peaxuHia Ha CH~)K~H dTped
o6H~Ho je aHKcHo3HocT, ocehame
Hen3BecHocTH, noTpe6a sa HOBHM rn-i
4opMawfJaMa. Axo ~HKCH03HOCT Ha
dT~BH na pacTe, jaBJbajy cc T~)KH
CHMIITOMH, xao IUT0 dy perpecija Ha
HH)KH HHBO noHafflalta, noiijia’ieite 3’
ce6e inn ~anna nponana arpeduallo
dTH. )~ox C)’ NOEl CH~)KH11M CTpecoM,
mygH Cy Mame TOfl~~~HTHH Ha neja
cnohy, y~amena je CnocoGHocT pa
anuicoBaita 6HTH0r og HeGi-n’Hor,
noHamajy cc HacyMH’lHo, npane MHO
ro rpemaxa.
H3onouaHocT og oxonaHe Taxote
je jegHa upc~a c~pecnor cTama. Oco
Ge icoje cy Game npnns’bene ~a gyro
TpajHy Od~MJb~HOCT (nontw, HdTpa
zcnsa’m, 6porzonoMHHuH ii cii.)
goxunma~anu dy eniaoge axy~~e ge
npecnje, naHiKe H ~ xanyuuna
uHie.
ilcuxocoMaTdica o6on,e[ba
cacTeMaTcicaM HCTpaIcI4Bal[,iiMa yTlipijeilO je
jia nexe opraitcice 6oJIecTH, arip. acTMa, BHCOIc
xpnhrn npamcax, ‘nip, rmaBo6oma, apTpHTHc,
Mory GHTH H3a3flaile HJJH Jioja’iaiie flOlrnBJba
naH,eM CTpeCHHX dHTyaw1jI Hocrojame rica
x000MaTclcax o6omen,a cc ysHMa xao noxa3 ma
je ocoGa UeJIOBHT malIaMHLIKH CHOTeM, ma je
cliaxo JICHXH’1KO ama opraacxo o6ojbeise rio
peMehaj ~ejje ocoGe. EMoijaoiiajma riepallhlo
Te)xa, ahnccl-1o31[ocT H H~UCTOCF MOry YTHIj~TH
Ha cMaibeIbe OTnOphiocThi oprahln3Ma ria bo
meet YTupbehioje Hrip. ma y’ICIIIIUH icOjH cy y
jenHoj UiKOJICKOJ FOIXHHH 6FLJiH4 n3parn-rro irey
cuemula, y caenchcM nepwomy ‘icirihe oGonena
jy on 6onecTa ~CCHH~~TO~JIi4X opraiia ilero
oiia yleilauH icon icojax in-ije 6i-ino iiama nixon
cxc ycriem~oc~a. flocToje H BCJIHKC HIUII1BH-
Jlya.iIHe pasjn-ixe y pearoBaisy iia opraiicxa,
IICHXH’IKH H conajajilia cTpec.
HCTpa~1cHBa’IH cy iI3BeJIH IleoMa O6yXBaTHa
acTpa)icHnama ca name~ ma y~npne Be3y 143-
Me~y nojenaHax npc~a cTpechiHx noxanmaja H
janThalba opraiicicax o6oji,eisa. 113 6pojiiax
ilcTopi1ja 6onecTa a aHTepBJya ca pasa M oco
6aMa caqaiserra je nac~a morahaja xoja icon
ompacjnix oco6a monone no eMouaoHaau{e Jie
paniloTexce a xoja 3axTenajy y neheM H31H Ma-
15CM CTCflCH~ nona npHnarobanaiba. Cuaxa on
noraijajaje oueH,eH C OG3HpOM Ha H1{TCII3HTCT
c~peca icojit a3as~Ba. IJajneha cxajnia npen
HooT je upanacaria CMpTH cynpyiciiaxa (100
noe:ia~. Paanom (73 bela) H CM9T 6nacxor
poljaxa (63) aaa3anajy ja~a cTpec imp. on lina
CTHTC Gonecrn (53), ry6arxa nocna (47), neii
aaoiiacaisa (45), npajiaroljanair,a na HoBa
nocao (36), MeH,aiba JIa’n111X iianixa (24) iie
dnopasyMa ca noononaBueM (23), npo6neMa ca
CIIOM (16) 14 np. Y36yljerra xoja ce oôH’Hio
no)Icanibanajy xao npaja-raa raxoije H3a3Hnajy
caMnToMe c-rpeca. Ha npHMep, cna)idnH CTpe
CHH nO~Ki4BJbajH cy BeH’JaIbe (50 noeHa),
pot)eme nerd-a (39), nocTa~aise nawciior ycne
xa (28). 11 npa~aaua cy aexa npcTa crpeca (12).
HCKH norai~aja y CBHM KyJITypaMa HMajy HCTH
paxir, TC ce ~to)ice peia ma cy yHaBep3anHH
cTpecopa, 110K cc nponeHa re>icaae 2JPYFHX
orpecopa pa3nHxyje on icynType no IcynType
(imp. xasny aøor ~iaiser cao6pahajior
npexpiuaja JanaHnH npoueayjy icao CHa)KHHJy
cTpecny caryagajy Hero HOHHTaHHIjH H3 aa
nanaax aeMajba). Heice npcrc cweeopa cc jaii
majy caMo 3’ onpeijeHaM rpynaMa JbynH. Ha
llpHMep, 3a npxyHcxor cnopTHcTy H300TaBma-
me na THMa je neoMa cTpecno H0KyCTBO, 3a
y’ienuxa TO Je Hera-rHuHa OlZeHa, 3a IIOCJIOBHOE
MoBeica npoMeHa y ycJionH~a noejionama H Cii.
Eyzryhu iza CT~CCHH fioxUlBJLajff EMajy cy
M3THBHHy~HHaIç Kpn-rscqHaje HHXOBO KOHJJCH
Tpauhcja y xcpabeM EpeMdHy. I’OnHUIH,H 3GHp Oil
150 no 199 noena cc onemyje xao 5.uaza xumor
Ha icpn~a Y-rnpbeHo je na icon 37% ocoGa on
OJH4X KOje cnajlajy 3’ T3’ xaTeropHjy, TOKOM
onenehe ronane 3aHcTa ~OJIaaH no upoMeHe
3npancrndnor craHa 36ap on 200 no 299 noena
yxa3yje Ha YMCPCH~ JKI1BOTH~ xpH3y; 01(0 51%
oco6a H3 one rpyne paa6ona cc cjienehe ronH
He. TOHIKa )KHBOTII~ Icpu3a je xoMHw4nemjnja
cipecaax noncanmaja xoja 3a jenily ronany ca
icyna npexo 300 noe~a. Oico 79% flKBHX ocoGa
TOKOM cnenetie ronHue IIPCWflH npoMeue
3npaniba. Haxo cy Hexe K~HTHKC ynyhene
onaxnoM H~NHH3’ ,,Mepeaa” )idnnoTHax KpH3a
(nnp. nenaxe oy HIUIHBH)IyaJIHC pa3JIHxe 3’
pearonamy Jb3’~H Ha HCTH morflaj, flO3HTHhiHH
LIO>KHBJEaJH JIHC3’ HCTO inro H HeraTHnna,
na)IcHaje genaiia 4aKTopa a ne nojenmm H3o-
JionaHa norataja H cir), OH je KopacTaH jep
yxasyje aa 4MlKTope paaaica.
IIHTAH,A H 3A~A~H
1. OmfuinTe duoje TpenyTHo pacnoiio>icerse Ho
xymajTe ma o6jacnnTe mTa ra ycnonmana.
2. floiHajere 3111 HCKO IICTC Koje je TCK 110111310 y
my? Hanenirre Chic BPCTC eMoiflija KOJe cTe nicaixa xon
Hera 3anasHnH. 3aTHM HaneJwTe H33HHC eMoilHja Koje
cy xapaxTeplcTwiHe Ba name npm~,aice. YIIOPCIZHTC
Ta iiiia ,,cnHcKa”.
3. RITa cy npHMapue, a mTa cJio)KCHC eMogHJe? lEo
KyuiajTe ma onuwere HeKoJinKo npn~epa cilonceHax
eMOllIja, huH H T~KBHX KOje yxm~yjy onpe’iHe CMO
unoHaulue PeaKunje (imp. crpaxoIIomTowbe).
B e nc 6 a: Y one~iicy 0 CTJICC3’ 6HuIO Je hiHilie pe’in 0
,,TaMHoj cTpanH” cTpeca. PaaronapajTe 0 ToMe y one
nen,y, a 3aTHM noKynlajTe ma CWIHHHTC ,,HHBeHTap”
dHTyaIiHja KOJHM CC JI3’~H H~MC~H0 usiia~~y ma 6n
noMcHneJiH cnaiicua eMowionauma y36ybeiba. 3amTo CC
HCKO nene Ha H~JBHWC HJIaHHHCKC Epicone, IICKO 6aBH
nano6paHcTnoM, HCKO xpehe 6HUHKJIOM Ha flfl 01(0
cnera? TeMa ic naicne ,,crpeo Kao niason’.
77

7. MoTnualluja
ifiTa HaG noxpehe Ha aICTHBH0CT?
3aurro ‘IHHHMO ynpano TO UITO ‘IHHH
Mo? ifiTa o1~pehyje xaxo heMo ce no
HauiaTH, xaxo heMo IIOGT3IflHTH y
Hexoj cHTyaunjH? 3auiTo he, xaj~a cy y
UPHflHUH ~a 6Hpajy ‘IHMe he j~a ce 6a-
ne, H~KH JEflH H3a6paTn nc~e mm
cimi’rne, a ueic~ pasiiwm~e HJIH nOT
fl~HO onpe~~e cTBapH? ifiTa je TO LUTO
nOHawal-be je~He oco6e ‘IHHH neo~a
pa3HoBpdHHM, a noHaluame ~pyre
yrJIaBHOM jeAHOO6Pa3HHM?
Ona H MHOI-a jipyra nnTama noiiaae
o~ ynepen~a ~a H3~ enaxor no
Hamalba, cnaxe aKTHBH0cTH, cnaicor
noc~ynxa flOcTOjH H~KH fIoKpcTa’I, ne
ICH 9EHIIJIaI1, ~3~OK HuH ,lzeTcpMLman
Ta.
HoxpeTa~xe c~are Icoje H3aaHBajy
H ycMepaBajy ‘ionexony ~~THBHOCT
HasHnajy ce MOTHBHMH. Ilpouec no
xpeTama, ycMepanama, oJ~nHjaFba H
pery.riucama aKTHBH0GTH H~3HB~ ce
MOTMBaWIOHI-x npoilec. Ycpe~cpetje
HOCT H 3~OK~I1JL~HOCT THM aKTHBHO
GTHM~ H H,HXOBHM o’IeKHBaHHM
HCXO~HM~ Ha3HBa Ce MOTPIBaWI0HI-IM
crame~ WITH CT~ThCM M0TMBI’IC~H0CTH.
0 cna T~H acnex~a M0THBaUHOHHX no
jaBa I’OBOpHMO xao 0 M0 7WB~W4JIf.
HOJAM H BPCTE MOTHBA
Cne onui~e HCHXOJIOWK~ TeopHje H
Teopnje JTH9HOCTH, xao H MHOF~ Teo
pHje Koje cc Gane ~)KHM C~FM~HTHM~
flCI-IXHMKOF )IcHBoTa, HacToje ma o~ro
nope i-ia nI-iTaH,e: ,,fflTa je MOTHB H 1(0-
78
jH cy OCHOBHH M0THBH ~~ymcxor no
Hauian,a?” Ynpxoc TOM ~ oxo
nojMa MOTHBa H JIHCT~ OCHOBHHX
JEyLICKHX M0THB~ jOlU ynex nOCTOje
MHora oTBoØeHa naTal-ba.
Hafricurhe, 17011 M0THBOM cc nvizpa
3~M~B3 IIJIII (1) OBJEKAT V Cr10-
JEAIIIH,OJ CPEfiHHPI ICOJIf y
JCAWHKII n3a3H17a I43BCCH~ 3ICLIHOHY
TeHileflunjy, MilK (2) caziia T8 YITIY
TPAIIJIbA TEH/JEHJJI’IJA Koja 170-
icpehc, eHepnl3yJe, ycMepaBa, oApxca
Ba, ~ema ix ~ayc~a~i~a moixatuame je
IIMHKC.
ilpeMa I1~B0M ompehemy MOTHB je
cnaxu elleMeHaT cnomamme dHTyaI4H-
je KOjH je 3a jemHHxy I~OBOJbHO npn
nuja’ian HJth flOBOJbHO O)~6OjaH ila je
nomc~aic~e ma ce nonajiia Ha oJlrona
pajyhi-i Ha’IHH. Harnacax j e i-ia ,,MOTH
BaTopy”, Tj. Ha 01-tOM IBTO cnou,a
noicpehe ,,aKUHOHy TeHmeHuHjy”. Ka
ma xaxe~o r~a ThYRH pame 36or HonI~a,
ma noulTyjy nparnna 3601’ sanpehelle
xas~e Hum 3601’ o6ehaHe Harpa.I~e, MH
~OBO~HMO 0 MoTunaTopaMa, 0 0170—
JLL9LUMMM II0JZCTML(ajKMa
ilpeMa mpyro~ oupeljemy M0THB je
Jufcno3nullja, ,,axuHona TeHmeHuHja”
xoja je CBOJCTBO jemHHxe. MOTHB je y
0006H. IlpeTnocTanma cc ma HOCTOjH
3’ BHJ~3’ opraHcxo-ncHxHqxor Mexa
HH3Ma WITH ~ cTpyK
Type. T’JIaBHH euleMeuTH Te c~pyx~ype
Mory 6HTH ypolIeHH, Te cc FOBO~H o
6HOJIOIIIICHM MOTHBHMa, xao LUTO cy
Hnp. ruiam, )xetJ, ccxc. MHOrH MOTHBH
ce 4opMHpajy TOKOM )xHnoTa. Ha upH
Mep, y CT~3’KT3’~H M0THBa 6op6eHo-
0TH, CTH~al-ba, nocTHrHyha, ruiarn-iy
yjiory HMajy HaY’IeHH MeXaHHSMH, Tj.
Heypauino-MeHTanHe cTpyx’rype xoje
cy 4opMHpaHe y npouecy y’ieita. 4a-
1(1W, MOTMBI-I MOP)’ 6IITII PC3YJIT3T
JIM‘ifiOr iic~ycr~a oco6e ca Øu314’IKMM
ix cozwjaJrHnM oxpyxcemeps. To je pa-
HI
alloT iza cc o muMa roBopI4 Kao 0
-JTIJYHIIM K/KJII’l 0011143 ~J7H14M MOTI4BII
Ma.
Cxnaheu xao mHcno3nuHJa, MOTHB
i~~a neo~a cuoxceny ynory Hpno, me
ron Heypajlno-MeHTaJIHI-l M~X~HH3~M
Mopa ma pernc~pyje ompetieny npc~y
cHruauia KOjH moJlaae 113 O~F~HH3M~
I; HJIIt Cfl0Jb~ H ma HM ma ompelIeHo
3uaqeme, TJ. ma HX ,,nperlo3na” xao
~naxone Ompe1~eHe oprancxe HJTH nd
xwuce noTpe6e. Oco6a Icoja ~eo man
nHwTa Huje jeuTa nepona~no je
cyo~ena ca nnme ~~3JII4tIHTHX cHrHa~
uia xoje ~oxHBmana xao ocehaj pjiap,n
Hum noTpefly ~a xpaixoix. Y~eHHK xoj H
neh uemema~a yrnanno~ mo6nia
uiowe o~~e~e BePOBaTHO je y npHJIHL~H
ma yo~~ pasum’nlTe cnrnasie Icoju yxa
3yjy Ha ocehaj ixcyci~exa Hum na no
TpeUy 33 6o.mu~ OL(CIJ3Ma. Axo cy
o~roBapajyhH MoTunaflilonu Mexa
H1-I3MH HCfl~~BHH (HopManno 4JOpMH-
paHx-i, HHC~ HI-I owTeheHH HH
GuIoxupaHH), o6e oco6e he c~ojy
na~icmy 3’CM~~HTH Ha omronapajyhH
IIMJL, Ti. H~ ompel’jeHH o6jeicaT y cpe
~HHH (Ha xpany, Ha micoricxo rpamH
no) HJIH Ha 0’ICKMB3HO L(IIJEHO cTame,
Ti. Ha omroBapajyhy npoMeHy y CBOM
moxnnmanamy (oMexI-IBaHH ocehaj
CHTOCTH, O’IeldHBaHH ooehaj ycnem
H0CTH). ,L~pyro, IIOULTO ce noTpe6a
mo~cHnu1,aBa xao cTaH,e xoje Tpe6a
npenasHhH H 3aMeHI-ITI-1 ra UHThHHM
CTaHZeM, ynora Momna je ma cnoco6-
1-100TH H 3H~H,~ C 1(OJHM oco6a pacno
.na>xe npeo6pa3H y CBPCHCXO~HO
nouaman,e. Tex xama ,,nMa MOTHB”,
ooo6a noxa3yje ,,ulTa 3l-1~ H ILfl~
Mo)xe”. MeIWTHM, CTB~~HI4 HHBO cno
CO6HOCTH H paunje CTcMeHHX sHama
Moxce ce nojanHTH xcao orpaHH~aBa
jyhH ‘THHHITaU y samonomemy HeicHX
M0THBa. HeCyMH,HBO, HajnehH 6poj
mymn je y c~amy ma aamoBomH cnojy
noTpe6y 3a xpaHoM. Mnoro je neha
H~H3B~CHOCT ma JIH cBaxH y~eHux 1(0-
jH HMa noTpe6y 3a 6omaz~ oueuaMa
pacnouxazce CnOCO6HOCTHMa H (npem)
3HaThHMa xoja cy Heonxomua 3a
oc~nap~name omronapajyher gna
(mo6niame BHUIHX ouei-ia) H iXHJT,HO~
c~ama (mwxHB.maj ocehama ycneuino
0TH). Tpehe, ~KTHBHOCTH Koje nome
npena3Hnazeu,y nowe6e SaXTenajy
npe~e H ~pouie eueprHjy. Yuiora MO
THBaUHOHOI’ MeXaHH3Ma je ma MO6H-
umme norpe6ny xoum’muy euepraje
H ma je mOBOJIZHO myro ompxca Ha no
TpC6HOM nimoy. HoTpe6a aa XP~H0M
Tpaje ixenor xnno~a, ann cc axTyauiH
3yje 3’ M~i-b~ BHU1~ H~~BHJIHHM Bpe
—
MencxnM HnTepnaumMa. flom uopMaui
JJHM oKouJHocTHMa 3amonoubeme no
Tpe6e aa X~~HOM He npemc~anu~a npe
M~HCKH H eaepre~cxn npo6uieM.
Honpanmame ffl1(OMCXCHX oueua MO2ice
611TH cxou’jauo ca myroTpajHnM H
IIO~HHM pamoM. Be3 nama~e MOTHBa
JJH0He nompmxc, oc~napeme Tor i~ii
ma je caMo nyxa xema.
Pa3ulHxOname nojemHHHx npc~a
MOTHBa Mwlce cc sac~xna~n Ha neheM
6pojy xpHTepHjyMa. lipeMa JiOpeicily,
pa3umxyjeMo ypoYjene H cTeqefle, HJIH
~ H cexyumap~e MOTHBe.
ilpeMa B~CTH noTpe6a xoje 3amoBo-
ThaBajy, paanHxyjeMo oprancxe a
nc~xojiomxe MoTHnc. flcnxouiomxn
MOTHBH cc ma.Jbe melIe i-ia uin’i~e H Ha
couajauine. ilpeMa CTCITCHYYBIIR3 KO
jH oco6a HM~ y oBoje MOTHBe, y Mexa
HH3M~ mHxoBor meJIOBaita, MOTHBH
cc mene Ha cnecne H Hecnecne. flpeMa
l43BOpJ-’ 33,ZtOBOJLeFb4 MOTHBH ce mene
i-ia yuy~pamme H dnoubaujme. UpeMa
o6iracTuMa ii ~pcra~a H0H~LU3FL2 MO
ryhe je ~~3JIHK0B~TH nenHxn 6poj
npc~a HulH xnaca MOTHBa. Taico cc ro
nopu Hnp. 0 ca3HajHHM, 06pa3OBHHM,
npo~ecHoHauTHHM, nonHTHqxHM, xyn
TypHHM, dnOpTcxHM, pcKpeaTHBHHM
M0THBHMa.
79
 OPFAHCKH MOTHBH
Y natueM O~~~HH3M~ Ce, Ca EIpOMCH
JEHBHM IIHTCH3HTCTOM ann c~anno,
oJu3njajy npouecn MeTa6oJrnsMa.
Yeneji~ Tora goJTa3H Hnp. fl0 cMan,eH,a
KonH’IHHe BO~~ H X~~1-IThJ4BHX MaTe
pHja, J~O C~K~11Jb~Fb~ C~BHLIIHHX H HO
oprann~a~ ~T~THHX MaTepFIJ a, Meiba
ce ~onntiHna flOjCJ~HI-IIIX xop~ona H
npyrnx 3a 4yHxuuOHHCaFbe opranll3-
Ma sHa’JajHHx 6HoxeMlijCIcHx ROMflO
HeHTH. CBaica oJ~ THX npo~ena xa~a
npetje 143BCCH~ rpaHlrPiHy Bpe,)flIOCT
~apyuia~a XOMCOCflL3Y — YHYTP~H]ThY
6HOxeMHjCxy paano~e~cy opranHaMa.
MflYTHM, y i-iauJeM rejiy nanase Ce
CJIOXCCHH X0MCOCT8TCKPI MeXaHH3MJ4
ROjH C~ OCCTJbHBH Ha TO H~OMCHC H
Kojil ce axcTHBHpajy yfleic icaj~a flo H,HX
j~obe. 3aj~aTaK TIIX Mexal-JHsaMa je j~a
CBC BHT~J1HC GHoxeMnj CRC ROMflOH~H
TO CT~JIHO Qgp)lcaBajy Ha onmMannoM
HHBOY.
Ocnonnn 6HOJIOHJRII MOTHBH, icao
InTo cy rna~ H xcel), ~CJ1yjy fl~OM~ TOM
XOMCOCT~TCK0M HPHHU[411Y. Mo opra
HH3MY I-leAocTajy XpaI-bHne MaTepHj C,
Ham yHyTpaUJH,H XOMCOCT~TC1CH CH
CTCM ,,YKJEYUYJ C” ~KT[H3H0CTH JCOjHM
CC J~ona3H 110 xpaHC.
OflAKIIAfbE
1. HAroHcKa CTAIbE
u3aaboHo Beneci~JM
CoWpe5uMa uflu ~e
guHckuM Oogc!flutflMa
y
3. UHIb
WHO PY M C H TA II HO
~~~flOHAWAFbE
Cninca 7.1: LUCiW,OIW JI~IIKd3 ocuonrior
MOT1fB~I{IfO1IOP WI KIlyCO
80
flIA,R
r
L
~a 6HCMO OHMCaJIH xoM000TaTclcM MexaIIHsaM
Icoja peryimme y;toweme xpaiie y opralmsaM
H ~~3~MCJIM n,erono 4iyllKllMoILHCame, no
spe6uo Jo ma omroBopHMo HajMalbe na mBa 1111-
Talba.
rlpno 1THT~ThO rilacH: Koje npo~ene y reny
cy o6aBemTema sa Mo3alc ma na~ Jo norpe6i•ia
xpaiia? ripe nero ifiTO noxpeire axTMnnocTH
rparalba sa xpanoM, MosaIc M0~~ 614TH ,,o6a-
BeluTell” ma jo opraHnsMy noTpoGHa xpana
CMarpa cc ma To o6aaeinTeme monasn nyTeM
xpBM. OTxpIfBeIlo Jo ma M03~K pearyje Ha fl~O
MUIC nnnoa mehepa y KpBH. Onamaj&e ii~noa
mehepa H3asHBa peaKIIMjy KOjy moNcHnjbanaMo
xao ocehaj rnamH. JJexa HcTpa)xHuaH,a cy no
ica~aiia ma HmCKIWjC rnyxose (wino niehepa y
1(~BH pacTe) MO!)’ 21ORCOTH 210 npoxnma yaliMa
ma xpane, 1101< HmeKwlje nHCynHHa (lIMBO
inehopa y xpBH Onama) IIO21OTH’iy y3IiMame
xpai re
Kacirnja HcTpaxHnaH,a cy noxasana ma no-
p021 ILHB0a mehepa 3’ lcpDH, HHBOH M~CTH H lie
KMX xopMolia TaKobe HMaJy ynory y janmaiiy
ocehalba rnamu, ~11OTHT~ H peryjrncame y3H-
~ama xpaiie.
Ms ~cicyc~ua 3}raMO ma noTpeöy sa X~~H0M
,,IIaJaBmyJy” H c~rnajrn 113 CToMaxa ICana OMO
rjiajui~ mOma3H 110 KoJnpaIcuHje MHIIIHha y 3M-
monuMa ~cenyiç~ floone 3’3HM~Ib~ xpaiie, TO
xonTpaxunje npecmjy, a MM OcehaMo cMTOct
AETMUHOCT ,xe~iyua cymenyje y o6anemrana-
i 53’ Mosra 0 uo-rpe6n 3a xpaHoM, aim ne~a npe
cYjiiiy yjiory. Jbyma XOjHM Jo )xemymau
onepaTuniro ~K210H,0H, H mane cy cnoco6irn ma
mO)KHBC ocehaj mann.
Y3HMaIBO xpaiie HHj0 caMo ibm KOHTpOJIOM
yiry~painm~x cTMMynyca, neh H cnon,ammHx.
H xama Mile)’ mnamire, aexe oco6e pamo Jon>’
yxOnHxo ce ]1~Cj1 H,HX M3H~CO XpaHa KOJ>’ nome
nim Jo cMaTpajy Hsy3eTHoM H sanliMihunoM.
Hsmnema ma nomnem Ha mpyre xoja jemy no
ja’iana ~IIOTME Y IICKHM cftTyaulljaMa, naico
CMO HpOKHHyJTH cajenoM, nomnem na oco6y ico
Ja TOK fl0’IHIbO ma jejie, Momce H Mac nanec~n ma
ysMeMo ,jOln Mamo”. ExcnepuMenTajmo Jo
yTnpbolro ma mine xojeje npeeTaabo majeme, Ha
cTaniba cajeiboM yKOflHKO cc nojalm mpyro Jul.
no xoje no’me ma xnyua. CnonceHe DIbCibamH,e
ii couiiJanHe npatca Mory yTHUaTH ira ys~~a
me xpane, ~SH 0110 HHC3’ llpeCymHO. ExdnepH
MOHTH y KOJMM Jo nauonHMa oMoryheno
enoGomii0 Icopliifihelbe ypflaja sa ynomeise
(-re’IHC) xpaire IIHpCKTHO 5’ )Icenymau, nOKasanH
Cy ga )KHBOTHThO PCIIOBHO ~3HM~J)’ noTpe6He
XOJIH9HHC xpane Kojy yonrnrc H HO BKUO H ma
TOKOM my>xer npe~ena ycuenajy ma ompxe cuo
Jy Tenedily TencHily Ha ~T~J1H0M Milnoy. Cuo
ji,amH,e mpaxcn 3’TWIY na 5’3MMaH,C xpalle, ajm
rilaBilY yJIOFy y OBOMy TOMe HM~ YHY1~~1U1bH
xOM000TaTcKM MexanwJaM.
$pyro im~ame cc omnocn Ha yTBphaname
mona ~osra x0j14 pemncTpyje cMrHaJIe rnamH H
waIlcil0PMMme MX y HHilOpMailMJe 0 norpe6-
noj aKTHBHOCTII. HpeMamocagammHM IlasIa3M-
Ma, MO>KllallH nenTap KOJH KOIITpOJIMWC ocehaj
ri~aJ1H H ~3HM~ibO XpaHo HaJIa3H cc 3’ XHIIOTa
.na~ycy. To nomp~yjy ~c~pa>x~nama y KOJHM
Je eneKwwIIrHM nyTeM cTHMynHcaH xHHoTa
naMyC KOm CKdHC~HMO1H~J1I1MX )xMBOTMma.
JtpaiKeIbeM ompeijemix mejiOna xmioTajlaMyca
HcTpa)ldnna’n4 cy 6nna y MoryhnocTa ma
yTw’y na ysHMame xpalle, ma ra HpOKIIII5’ 142111
nollcTaKHy.
CMan,eme xojm’mne Dome 3’ opran~s~y mono
mit mo noja’iama IcomtenTpauuje nojemmmx Xe
MHjcICHX cyncTainuija 3’ TO’IHOCTM xoja
oxpyncyje hennje TOJIOCHUX Txnna. Mo Ta
xoIulenwauMja npel~e H3BOCH~ rpanHuy, ny
TOM OcMOse noma HsJIasH 113 henwJa, TO mOJTa3H
mo nonehane KOHhleH2paflHje heimjcxe nmas~e.
Mcxc hemHJe y xHnoTanaMycy cy neoMa 000T-
unDo nary D~CT3’ Jwxnapawcje H 6jlaronpeMe-
HO noicpehy neypanny aKTMBHOcT xoja
nsasnna ocehaj wcfla H y3MMaH,e Te’IHOcTH
Yzcommco Ce TOKOM ~yKer B~OMOH~ He ynoce
Hone Iconnusue none, iamymcn ns ximorana
Myca menyjy Ha IffiT~HT~~H~ ~1dne3my Koja
no’mn,e ma nyw ~i3necTaii xOpMOH Icojil Gy
6pcsnMa ,,npenocH” nopyxy ma name nome
npahajy y KpB Taxo nnp. nocne myror dnaBaH,a
3’pHll nocTaje TaMHBJH 11 KOHIjeHTpHcannjn.
OcHM mexnmpauiije hennja, nemocTaTaic none y
opramisMy mOBOmH 11210 CM2ThCTh3 SaflpeMune
mpnii Hsmnema ma ycnem TOra 6y6pean no’mmy
ma .ny’re Hsnecne XCMHJCICO cyncTanunje Koje
mocnenajy y XMnoTanaMyC H nomcTH’ry ra ma
noxpene ~KTHBHOCTH xoje he o6e36emHTH
ynomei~e Dome 3’ opranasaM.
JIoGpo no3HaT TIPaTHJIaU YKCJ~H Jo C~HICThC
ycTa. To Jo cumnam Kojil noja~ana HHTepecOBa
Ibe la nomy, ann ;rer.rn npecymny ynory. flpn
noTnynoj aHecTesHjn yen, oco6a ~oxe ma
oceha ,xe1~. Beh omanno Jo excnepnMennnno
yTnphe}1O ma ca~a aicTnnnocT nujema 11 IcOn
Talc! nomo ca 3’CTMM~ 110 monpnnoce OTxnama
my ncejpt. Mac 1<OjeM Jo jemmax Talco onepucan
ma cj~a noma xoJy nOnHje HamasM nanone yMe
cTO ma omnasu y >zcemymau, 110mm yaMe yo
6H~aje;(y xonn~mzy nome npecTaje ma nnje.
Y6pso ce, Me~yTHM, nonono upaha H y3HMa
Hay xonnqMny nome. To ylca3yje ma.je ri~annn
XOMOOCTaTCIcM MOXaHM3aM 3’ ueHwanmtM a ne
3’ nepM4lepHHM npolIecHMa
CEKCYAJII4I4 MOTHB
CexcyalHn, MOTMB je 6H0.aOmJcH, xao JUTO cy
TO mman it w<elj, ama cc Om ThHX snai-no pazn~xy
Jo. ripno, celccyajum MOTIlE nuJe npecyman la
oncTallax jcmHlnce, ann Jo npecyman Ta npo
my>iceme BpcTe. ~ipymo sa cexcyamno no
nanrame cc MO)Ice pohn ma nnme TpOmH nero
UITO o6nanjta cPM3MMIcy enepmnjy OpmannsMa.
BeoMaJe nenuxu 6poj nompancaja KOjM 1(01121~)’-
mit Mom)’ axTitnilpam celcdyanHn MOTHE, a na
TepnanM 113M01Jy THX axTHnHpama cy, no
upaunny, neoMa npoMembHnM. Tpehe, CCX
cya.nno noHaman,e myma Jo nom Mnoro
NnpmhoM mpymTnelroM pemynalinjoM nero no
Ilarnaiba xoJa cy nesaira n npyme Gnoaioinxe n
cTe~el1e MOTHEC. PedWMKfltBafl omnoc npeMa
ce~cy HMao Jo sa noemem~uy H xacnnje Janma
ISO lIay’flmx cTymHJa 0 Jb5’mCKOj CeXcyajIflo
CTII.
Kom >KMBOTHH,a coxcyaumo nonaujan,e je
TCCHO nOl3O3aHO ca IIMKJIH’IHHM flpOMeHaMa 3’
pajiy blOflJ{MX icmesfla H meJTOnaTheM IlOnnMX
XOpMOIIa. Kom EHIJIMX )IcMBOTMIba, a noce6no
xOm Thymii, na)ldny ynory MMa H y’ien,e.
81

IIOTPEEA 3A CIYJIHOM
CTMMYJIA~HJOM
JJ~o6ap )~CO ~symc~or noHauJaH,a CC HC
Mo)xe o6jadllnnl uapymaname~ yHy
~pamme O~P~HCKC paRlloTeze. To je
~O’UEHBO Bell K0~ cexcya.rrnor no
Haruama. YMeCTO ga nojje ~a eMame
my HaIICTOCTH H onurrer y36yhema,
Hen nollaulama ~oge H,HXOBOM nO
jaqaBamy. To HajGome anycTpyjyolle
~KTHBHOCTH KOjHM je H3rJieja jemInIH
eMHcao ~xa noja’IameM H ~~3HO-
npeuomhy ~yn~e cTslMyJrazwje nOmH
rHy OIIUJTH liMBO opra~e~e H nd
xwuce y36y~eHocTH H HaneTocTH.
fljxee, cnOpT, ananType, qpITame poMa
Ha, r.nemaae cjninMona no3HaTH 03’ mi
J~oBH rparama 3a y36yhemeM. floTpe
Ga aa ~ynno~ emMynai~njoM je BeoMa
yo’JmHBa xo~ ~eue. ,1~et~a ce Gpso ,,3a-
GHTC” je)fllHX H om~ax Tparajy 3a y~py
FHM CTB~~HM~ H aKTHBH0CTHMa.
Koirnico je Ta noTpe6a cHaxcHa, non
3yj e H CII~CMHOGT oco6e gace H3JIO)JCH
mOCaYXHHM HuH HC~FOJIHHM aICTHBH0-
CTHM~ yxonrnco no ~arpamy mo6Hja
Hnp. cuio6omno BpeMe, M3neT, nyTona
ite, IcmHry, TI~HJ1HK3’ ma rnema 4)HJIM H
Cit
ExdnepnMeaTanao je noKaaallo ma H >1(11130-
TWb~ ‘lyiTHy cTHMynanujy no)KHumaBajy no
narpany. MajMyirn ~ay~e ma o6anmajy
ompeteHe aKTHBHOCTH aKO MM ce no narpama
maje Maxap xpa~ico paarmemawe na6opaTopnje.
t~a Gji o6jacHHnn no~e6y 3a ‘lymnoM cTnMy
JTaiIHjOM, TTCHXOJTO3H 03’ no’iejin ma roBope 0
narony n HcTpalufBaIEeM, iiarony 3a axnin~
TeT0M H 031. Houn TepMrnrn irnoy y’rnHHJW
npoGJreM jadHHjHM, Hpemno~eno je o6pa-
ano~<eme ma je opraHH3My 3a ompwaBame me
rone 4yuKnnoHasmocTn noTpe6an jeman
OT~fltM3’M cTaJTHe oTnMyJIaJrnje.
82
r
COW1JAJIH3AIJflJAEHOJIOUllcE~c
HOTPEBA
Mana meixa, y TOK~ np~e ~e mm TpIj
romHne aCHLB0Ta, noxa3yjy ~eicmy z~a
enaicy cnojy no’rpe6y 3a~OBoThe o~.
Max ‘1MM ce ella nojaBli. TaIcBo no-
i-iauiame oixymapa og o6wiaja cpegw
He y KOjOj ce nogn pa’iyHa 0 Cpeg.
CTBHMa, Ha’mHy, MCCT3’ H BpeMelly sa-
go~omema nojegHHHx noipe6a. Ha
TOM ~~H0M yapac~y peTe HC yo’xaua ii
He ~~3YMC noTpe6e mpyrnx my)ni, He
pa~y~e 1111 O~HOC HaMel~y concmeHHJ(
noTpe6a KOje cy 3’ flTOM MOMCHfl
~KT~~J11-130B~HC H OHHX KOje Hi-icy. Re
it ce yrnanuo~ OflH~t cnaxoM aaxTe
ny sa ogjiarame~ Hull Meaau,eM
Ha’IHHa 3agofloibeita axTyaiu-i3onane
noTpe6e.
Cnaxa mygcxa sajegHrn~a ynaxe
3HauajHe nanope ga enoje Hononpl-1-
~omiie qiTaHone nocTenel-lo, 3’ TOK3T
mHxona ogpacrama H caspenama,
Hay’m icaxo ga aagonon~anajy Hajnpe
oprallcxe, a sam~ H cBe ocTane no
Tpe6e. flourro ce .rbygcxe 3ajegrnule
MflyCO6Ho palimicyjy no ycnon~~a H
Ha’JHHy XCHB0Ta, TO 3’ EtHM~ nJlagajy
~~3J1HMHTH o6paci~n noliamama Ko
JHM ce aamonomanajy nojegHue no
Tpe6e, nan OHC yrmnepaaime, icoje ce
janibajy KOJ~ CBHX ui~ygi-i. Ha npni~iep,
nog yrrn4ajeM cpegm-ie d~opMnpajy ce
npe4epeHullje, ann n a~ep~nje aa no
jegHHC B~dTC xpaHe. HcwaxdHna’1H
yxa3yjy ga je TCUTKO npouahii npc~
xpaiie icoja y uexnM xyirrypa~a i-re Gi-i
Si-ma o~ume~a ium Gap npuxna~i~n
na a y HCKHM ogGojHa mm cacnn~ He
npHxBaTmnBa. Y CBHM cpegr-maMa ce
Ha MCCO 3MHja, EaSe, Ma’IaKa, naca H
cn. He ruega ca ognprriioinhy, i-fill
ce y CBHM cpegn~a~a CBHThCICO 113111
ronel)e MCCO cMaTpajy npmcla.gHoM
XpaHOM. Mi-lore og mx nped)epenm-i
ja IISJH aBepanja HeMajy HHI(aKB3’ 6Ho-
.nol.nKy ocHony. Ha’lHHH npHnpeMa
Iba, cepu~pama ii ysn~ama xpaue cy
ca)ip)KajH KOjHM CC c~aica KyJIT3’pa Ha
1-jeKil Ha’IHH IIOHOCH. HapaBno, ~y
Tap K3’JITY~C nocToje MaE-be HHH nehe
rpyrlne H HH~HBH~Y~RH0 pa3in-nce y
oGpacLij-iMa noHaulama ICOjHM ce 3aRo-
nomana MOTHB ruiagn. H y cexcyan
1-JoM floHaUJaiby, naxo je 0110 y
4y!JKuHiH 3agoBomema 3’HHB~~3~JIHC
öJLoJIoIrnce noTpe6e, nocToje BeoMa
BCJTHKe Me1~y1cyirrypHe pa3JTHKC.
HZ MCX8HH3MI4 &o
J7OLLIKHX MOTHB~ HC cacroje cc
ircKJI,yqflBo 143 ypoljern’ix cileMeHaTa.
OHM yKJ~yVyJy 11 CJICMCHTC KOJH cj’
cTeqcHn £1011 yTlillajeM CpeJlHHt, 5’
rip oijccy coL(HjaJrnoF y’iema H ycRaja
ma KyJITypI-114X ofipa3aLca 1101-fa~uama
J11’FflIH H COLIHJAJIHI4 MOTHBH
MHOrH MOTHEM HacTajy y9emeM,
(j)opMHpajy Ce TOKOM ca~pe~ama H YK
my’rnBama jegHHKC y gpyui~~enn
)KHEOT CBOje aajegHrn4e. H ~a ThHX Ce
ripe~noc~a~i~a ga HMajy I-I3BCCH3’
6IlOnoinKy 0CH0By, TO ce 3a pa~nrncy
Oj~ H3~a3HTO 6nouiou~xnx 111TH npH
MapHHx M0THBa, Ha3nBaj y cexyHnap
HI-TM MOTHBHMa. C O63MpoM Ha B~CT3’
noTpe6a Koje 3agoBomaBajy, ceicyn
gap~~ MOTHBH ce gene na JIH’IHC H dO
wijanne M0THBe. I’paHHLJa Mehy
EnEMa HHje yBeK omTpa, jep H jegHH 11
gpyr~ ce 4rnpMnpajy y ycnoBnMa dO
wijanHor y’iema H Hcnomaaajy y pa
3JIH’IHTHM COUHJ aJJHHM cHTyauj-Jj aMa.
JIM}THH MOTMBH ce I1JJBCHCTBCHO
ogi-loce Ha o6es6etjeme dOHdTBeHe er
3IICTCHUHjC, pa3Boj 11 3~IUT11T3’ doll
OTBCHOr ja. Ty cnamajy MOTHBH
clirypHoeTH, 6Op6CHOCTH, cTnflama,
aim H T~KBH MOTHBH xao UITO Cy Hnp.
pago3HanocT, CaMonoulToname, TeK
ma ~a da3HaJ-beM, MOTHB nOCTHrHyha
H TC)KEE~ 3a caMoaKTyanH3au~joM. Co
linjaiffiM MOTHEIJ CC 3a)~OBOJEaBajy
K~O3 MHTepaKuHjy ca $pyrHM mygH
Ma. OCHOBHH COIIHjaJIHH MOTHBH dy:
MOTHB a4JCKTHBHOr BeaHnama, a4iHiJH-
janrnnn MOTE-TB, rperapnn MOTHB. 0
couNjam-TE-mi MonIBHMa Ce rouop~ y
3C311 C? T&KE1-IM OGnHLjHMa couHjan
nor nonautama no JJITO cy HaEJTO
HOOT 14 HCHaUIOHO0T, capawta H
TaKMHqeme, UOCJI3IIJIHOCT H noxopa
Bame, ~AT~~HCTH’1KO H ~I]3CCHBHO no
H~ LU a H, C
Om lloMenyT}lx M0THBa Meijy one xojH oy~
najBHme HoTpa)*cnnanH dna,aa MOflTh aocrn
nfyha MOTHB nooTurnyha ce ncnoibana y
T0>KFbH ocoGe ma nooTarne HCIIITO UITO c~a~pa
ydnexoM, InTo je moxas mennx .TTH’rnHx cnooo6-
HOOTH H 3H~1b~, InTO na 1I~HI-T H InTO ~OHO0H
npH3Hafbe. Ooo6e oa pa3nHjeHHM MOTHBOM no
cTHrHyha nnanHpajy CBOjC aKTHBH0CTH, JIMa
jy jacay B~0MCHCK3’ nepdneKmny ca KojoM
ycxnflyjy onoje uonamame H aailarame. Ha
croje ma xowrpouinmy one ycnone om KojHx 3a-
J3HCH yonex nmani-ipannx aKTHBH0OTH, pa3MH-
mmajy 0 yonexy no He’leM UpennoM H UpH
BiIa’rHoM, yMcnnajy y me~y xa,~a lEa nooErHrny.
YTnpl~eHO je ma je paaBHjeHooT MoTfina 110cm-
rnyha TIOSI-ITHEHO none~ana ca IIIKOJTOKOM
yonemnomhy, n360poM npo4ecHje H ycnexo~
y npo4ecHjll.
Pa3noj MonIna nocTHrnyha je TCCHO none
aan ca oonHJanHHM 3”IeH,eM Ha ~BHHM y3pa-
OTHM& Be~6ame iieiie y OC2MOCTaThHBaH.y je
jeman om o6stnxa raxnor y’Iema. icom najr.uifle
mene ocaMooTamnname ce ormema y o6na’iemy
n o6ynamy 6e3 noMohH ompaoimx, y crapamy 0
onOjHM Hrpa’IKaMa H 11P3’rHM o~napn~a, a xom
nenITo ompHje y o6anmamy flfl(OAOKHX H
nyhnnx oGaBe3a, aapflnnamy uenapua H oil.
POmHTC.II,H nomcm’Iy pa3noj MOThBa nOoTH
rnyha noc~anmame~ jacnnx aax~ena sa caMo
craiinoiuhy H cpma’WHM ll0XB~ThHBflitCM
meTer! xa,aa ycneurno J-!cnyrn It 3axTene.
]3enGame, oxpa6pnname H cpma’Ian omnoc npe
Ma IICTCT3’ 03’ xmy’ine OTB~~H 3’ paannjamy MO
T[TB~ nooTHrnyha.
83
 MOTI4BH I4HTEJIEKTYAJ1HOI’
PA,LJ~A
O6wiuo ce HCTH’Ie iia M0THB~I1H0HY OCHOBy
pa3nwlI4THX OGJTHKa HlITeJTexTyaJllIor palm,
xao mTO cy y’iewe, oflulTe H cTpy’1Ho 06pa30-
name, HcTpaxcHBa’LKH pa,a H npyre eTuapa
lla’IKe aKTHBHOCTH, ‘114MM jelIHa floCe6Ha npcTa
JTI4’IHMX M0THB~ K0JH 00 Ha3Hnajy ynj’
Tp8WH,UM MOTHI3HM3. CnoMHmy Ce MOTHIT pa
IIO3HaJIOCTH, HcTpaKHfla’IKH MOTHB, Texiba ia
ca3HalheM, MOTIlE noeTHulfyha, TeKH,a 3a ca
MoaKTyarnvsauIljoM H LW.
Axo cy MOTI4BI4 )111dfl031411113e, Tj. enojeTna
oco6e, 3alHTO CC oiuta E0B0~H 0 ~11~T~~W1bHM
M0THBI4Ma xao rtoce6Hoj npcTH? 3a noneny Ha
ynyTpamlhe H enoihaunbe MoDule 1Ll4~C upe
CyllHO jia 3114 ce nOxpeTa’leM HOKOF noHafflalba
cMawa oGjexaT KOja je 1100 4rn3wlxe H coun
jaime cpejnlHe HIm £IHdno3mIHja xoja je cnOj
OTBO oco6e, Hero mra 1101101111 Ito 3~flOBO3b01b~
MOTHBa.
Ynyrpammu (mrrpH3wlrni) jecy OHM MO
TIlER KOjH ce y 3HaTflOj MCpH 113TH y IICJIOCTH
3ajtonoabanajy C~M0M axTHnhlomhy xojy cy no
xpenyJm. Kasla je aKTHBHOCT nOxpellyTa, 210-
3123H 210 ydnocTaBJbaIba ,,1IHJMIOE cTai~a”. Ha
upHMep, naico je HaymH paR BeOMa C310)KCH,
myroTpajaH, nanopa~ H HenanecTan, 011 Ce yne
3LHKO 3aclIllBa Ha yHy~alfl1bHM MOTHBHMa.
Hay’mH pall yxjby’Iyje H T~KBC axTHBHocm
xoje CI3OJHM omBHjameM aajlouomanajy MILOEC
ca3HajHe H eMOlIHOHanHe HOTpeGe. 0 yHy
lpaffllboJ MOTHBa11HJH CC M011(C ronopHTH H
KOIl y’1eHHKa KOJH 3’ y’Iemy H2J123H 3a)lOBO.me-
me imp. enoje pa)1O3HaJlOenl, norpeGe ~a miTe
JI0KTya31HHM y36ybCIbeM H C23H~Th~M.
CHOJLRILJI6H (eKoTpmIawiHH) MOTHER C)’
OHM 3~ ‘ifije 3a)lOnOmeme JO B23KaH HCXO3T ax
THBIIOCTH, 11H3b KOjH Ce ThOM flOCTHX(C, a HO Ca-
Ma axTRuHoct J~a 6H ce T~1CEH MOTHBH 3’OflfflTO
aKTHEHpaJIH, HeonxollaH je dnOjbammH HOBOIl.
ThyjtH npHcTajy Ha ,,MyKownaH pall” ylcoJifixo
TIM OH oMoryhyje nocTHaame Bauclior H lipH
Bna’1Hor Iuljba, H[T~. MaTCpHjaJIHHX ito6apa,
mpymTBe}lor npecTmKa, HJIH, flax, H3Geranama
HC)KOJLCHHX I1OCflO2~U~ H CIT. Caiiie aKTREHO
CTH 113 KOjHX CC ~axan p2)1 cacTojH HC caMo ~a
He 3a.aonomaBajy HR JCfl~H MOTIlE Hero,
Haj’iemhe, 3axTenajy onnarame 113TH 021PHU~ThC
0)1 3alloBoJ1,anama MIIOEHX MOTUBa.
84
Honejia MOTI4B3 Ha y~yrpawae sj
dHoibalume Je J’CJIOBH3.
rlpfio, TOKOM MM)WBH,UY3JIHOP pa3-
Boja H C~313CB~Ib~, 1CJ303 P8-3JIH~fHTe
MCX3HH3M~ COIJHjEJIHOI’ flCIM Cr10-
j~awau MOTHBH nocrajy yny
TpaIUThH. 3axTeJrnKoje cyHaMnocTas
JL3JIH p0,1~n-e.rsH, nocTajy nalull
JIM‘1HH CT~HJWPR14 IlOHaLuama,- HCKC
on ,aPYLuTBCIrnX 3a6paHa lipeTliapajy
cc y jrnqHe MO13ILJZHC H013?tIC.
4pyro, HCTO HoHaluame y JCRHOj
cli T~8LWjH MO)KC 614TH 1431323 yHy
~pazumer MOTHB2 (Hap. y~eme KOJHM
sanoBoibaBaMo paflO3HUJIOCT, ca3Haj-
MC norpe6e, yao3l-IajeMo cBOJe cr10-
CO6HOCTH H cii), a y ,apyroj
clIoJbaLUThCF MOTHB2 (Hap. yveme 33
aneHy, PtWH ocliajama ~arpane HJIH
H3GeTaBama 3anpeheHe K23HC H cJL).
OnpaDnaHo JO 3LIKJLflHTH 212 cy 33
IluconoBame, yca~pzua~ame y npo~e
CHJH H )I13YTC OUJIHKC HHTeJreIcTyaJr
HOT pain 3Ha~aJ1-114 H yHJ’TpULLIFMI Ix
dnOJbaIIImH MOTHBH.
XHJEPAPXHJA H PA3BOJ
MOTHBA
JenHa 0)1 no3}laTHx TeopHja MOTHB2UHje ~C Too
~HjR 0 XUJC~8~XHJCK0J OpFaJfff3ahlIfjM MQTJflI&
ilpeMa T0J TeOpHjH, 3’ pe)IOC31OUY jansbama H
aa)1onojbanama M0THB~ HOCTOjH H3BCCTaH 110-
pellax. Ha oe~ony TOE nopeTxa, ayTop Te TeO
pHjC A6paxass Macnon (A. Maslow, 1908 —1970),
110)1031110 je CBC Thyflolce M0THBe 3’ neT rnaBHHx
rpyua. Te rpyne ‘WHO MOTHB3LWOIIY JIecrBuny
(c~mxa 72). BHOJIOUIKH MOTHER, KOJH cy npe
Gy11HH 3a 011CT~H~K JCI1MIIKC H BpCTC, ‘WHO
ocuony MoTanaulloHe .fleCTBmle. ICana 03’ OHM
3a,aonon,eHH, jaBma cc MOTHB CHrypHOOTH —
Te,xma ~a CO ~a~Ho ocHrypa 3a)lOBOJbeIte op
ra~cxnx ncrrpe6a, CTCKHC KOHTpOJIa Hall H3BO-
pHMa p23HHX OnacHocrH, xao IHTO C)’ HB~.
ilpeTule ~itpaniny H oncTaHxy. TpehH mIBO
‘litHe MOTHBH eMoIlHoHanHe BO3aHOOTH ca
IlpyrIlMa, y3ajaMHe H~K310HOCTH H JEy6aBH,
npHnaJlHOCTH rpymi, flpyiuTBeHOj aaje)WHWL
CAMOAKTYAI1H3AUHJA
Y BA K A B A
CANOrELIrrOCAI-bE
flPHflAUMtE H
IbYBAB
CIOPIIOCT
PEG H CTABW1HOCT
~H3HOROWKO 3AGOBGITh€[5E
~(1A0H ZEEH CEKCA
Cuic~a 72 RecTnuna Moncna npcua Macpony
PeaccA CIA 3a,11OBOJbCH~a MOTI 188 WIG Oft OCIIOBC npcna
BJJXJ’ JIGCTEMIIC 171380CC MOP 817/ 3811 OROJLUTII
optalICKu MOTIIalI, 5a311’snc irorpeGt a 38mM CC
3a)1OBOJhDiJdJ7/ IICMXOJIOIIIKJI U CO1f31J~JiHh1 MO ThOU,
nume norpcãe
3aTHM CJICflC MOTHBH CaM0HOmTOBaII,a,
yua,KanaIba H yCHefflh[0cT14 IIajnI-Iuiy crone
lIMIt)’ 3ay3HMajy MOTHBM CaMoaIclyaJIH3auHJe
To je yonni rena CnHKa pcjtocJIeRa KOjMM CC
nojernulie KaTeropHje MOTHEa ia21onomanajy V
CTBapHOCTH aaaOBOJbaBaIbe MOII4Ba MO)KC Hh14
11 Jjpyra’1HjMM pCIIOM, aim CaMO 110 H3BCCIIC
rpal[HUe Ha up~~ep, OitJlaIalhC aastonoJheIba
oprafiCxax MOTHEa 3’ KOpilCi aasLOuomembaEpy
nix MOTHBa He M0)KC TpajalH IIeOrpalIHMC1IO
14 o6panio, yxonHIco 36or Tduncoha y 32)10130-
ibaBalby 6a311’T1IHX M0THB~ OllJUtflhlbO 32110130-
JbC1b~ MOTHEa CaMOllomTOBaIba Tpaje neoMa
)1yro, lIy)lcHO 110312311 110 K~3’J1IIHX HpOMOHa Y
J1H’IHOCTH oco6e H IbCIIOM yKyHHOM 110-
nauman,y (Imp HOBHIITCII,C arpeCHBhIOcm,
gcnmcmlmaj GecnOMohnodrH, IIaflyIllTalbe Hop-
MM couHjannor nonawaj~a H ca)
HcTa TI1CM~ CO )‘3HM2 H ~cao HpI4xas peIlO
CJI~)1~ KOjHM cc y TOKy pa3BOJa JTH’TIIOCTM jaB
Ibajy nOjenHIxe BpCTC MOlalia. I-Iajnpe CO
jaamajy opraHcxH MOTMBH, a 32THM CC U3ITOM
ThHxoBe COTIHjaJIHsauHje II COWIJaJIHHM
3’MeTheM c~opMHpajy H 0C1aJ114 MOTHBH. Ole
oco6e He HOCTIUK)’ H)’IIH pa3BOj MOTHE2TUIO-
nor 0HCTeMa. Mory TiM He11ocrajaTH CHOCOGHO
CTH, 2311414 11OBOmHI4 CpeIIHIICKM 3’CJIOBH
3A4OBOJLEIEE H OCYJKhEHJE
MOTHBA
MOTHBHCaHO noHawaH,e j e enHao)~a y
axnTBHocTH je,gHHxe Koja CC aaBpnia
Ba OH~2 icaga go1~e go ~ago~oj~ema
Mo-mBa IcOjH ra je noicpenyo. OCTBa
pet-be t~nma ~im UHThHOF cTaH,a
npaheHo je HpHjaTHUM ocehaiinMa,
IIO3HTHBHHM C~MO-OUCH~M~ H ona~a
IOM OIIfflTC HaneToeTH.
Oco6a He MO)KO y~eic H 3’ CBHM CM
TyaulljaMa ga 3~~OB0J5H CBC cuoje aK
T~2J1H3OB~HC M0THBe. To into dnpe’Ia
Ba 32~OBOJbOItO MOTHB~ Ha3HBaM0
1113C11~CKOM 143114 ãapHjepoM. ilpenpe
Ica MO)I~O 6HTH ØH3IIYKa, cozwJaJrHa
113TH IIdHXOJIOLLIKa.
Cyo’IeHa ca npenpexoM, ocoGa
J10,TcHBJbaBa ocyjeheme 143114 ØpycTpa
ijnjy (haT. frustratio, ocyj eheHocT).
cDpycTpagHjaje CJIO2KCHO H HO~FQ~HO
ocehame. MOZCe ga yIcJby’Jyje T2KB2
ocehai-i,a ~ao mTo cy uecHrypuocT,
ae6aa 111114 aHXCHO3HOCT, cTpax, pa3-
gpa)ICJLHBOCT, HaneTocT, arpecHB
HOCT, anaTlija, My’IHHHa H CIT. CHara
4ipycTpaunje H aHa’Iaj xojnjoj oco6a
npF~gaje 3~BHCO O~ Bf~GTO noTpe6e
‘rnje aa~~o~omeae je rxoBegeHo y 1111-
TaT-be H oj~ OUCHO 0 icapanepy npenpe
Xe. AJCO je pe’l 0 no’rpe6a ‘IHJC je
6naroBpeMel-Io aaj~onoi~eae aHa~aj
HO Gnno 3a oncTaHax oco6e, Gnno aa
—
11,0110 ca~onom~oname Him co1~HJ all-
1-114 yrjiej~ — ~onaa~ )~0 cTaH,a 4py-
CT~H~~HOCTH 3’ xojeM CC MeH,,a yxyn
HO 43yHKTXMOHHCaILC oco6e. Axo je Ga
pHjepa y caMoj 000614, y MaH~cy 0110-
co6HocTH, ~flO~H0CTH H OIL, 4)pycTpa-
UHOHO 0T~1bO Ce TC)KC flO~HoCH Hero
aico Ce GapHjepa M0)X~ HpHHHCaTH
,,BHUJOj CHJIH”, ,,cTm~ajy HecpehHHx
OKOIIHOCTH” H 011.
143 oTalba 4)pyCTpHpaH0CTH ooo6a
M031C0 HaahM Ha je~aH O)~ cjiegeha ~Ba
85

Ha~iiHa: (1) yKoJlnKo noneha yJlaraH,e
~arropa KaltO 6~i 0TKJI0HIIJ1a Milk! ripe
Baauwna npenpelcy, [hIM (2) ~K0J1HKO
M3BpUJH 3tIMCHY WlJba, Tj. ma IJHJI, Twill
He MOACC ~a ocTBaphl 3~MCHH mpyrrna,
ocTuapuBHM ujime~. To cy peaim
CTH’IKH, KOHCTJ3YKTI4BHI4 ~aqiiun pea
POBaFEa Ha Cj)pycTpauMjy.
Kama P13 Gnno KOjCF pa~nora unje
cnpeMl-Ia 3a T~u1CBe Ha’IHI-le riocrynal-ta
Hull cc 01-111 noxa~~y HeycnewHl-1, ija
61~ ~M~FbMJ1~ Ocehal-be 4)pycTpawije H
3aunnmsIa cRoje caMoflOWTOBaI-be,
oco6á npnCeraBa IcopnLIlhemy OR
UpaM6ernrx MCXEHM3aMa. Hajno3Ha-
TMjH cy: paw-}onann3aruija, npojelc
wlja, perpeduja, no~epe~a arpecHB
HOCT, xoMneH3awlja.
P13 4HH,eHhlLte j~a nocToje 3H~TH~
HHgMBI-1gyanHe pa3nFnce 3’ 6pn-trni H
CH~3H pearoBal-ba ~~3JlMM11THX oco6a
Ha CT~ThC 4)pyCTpHpaHOCTPh, salcuby
tlyje cc 0 HOCTOJaT-by jemHe cnew-i
4)wlHe I4PTC JIHIIHOCTH Icoja ce Ha3HBa
TonepaNwija na ~bpycTpaux1jy. Ta
upTa Ce McnomaBa y npoMM[uJbCH[l
jeM, cTprImuBhljeM H enacTi-PIHHjCM
no~awa~~y oco6e icoja je i-iauwna Ha
6apujepy i-tm-i npenpeicy Ha H3’Ty ~0
unna. Oco6e Koje ilMajy HHCK~ ToJle
paHLIHjy Ha 4)pyCTpaLl[hjy pearyjy
§p30, 6ypuo, ~MCCTO peaflHCTHtlIdHX
cTpaTerl-lja lcopl-lcTe pa3nHMnTe Mexa
HM3Me om6paHe.
MEXAHPI3MM OLWPAHE
HojaM MexaHH3aMa om6paHe yuiao je
y HCMXOflOl’HjY H3 nCHxoaHaJH-13e.
flom MexaHn3MuMa 0,fl6paHe cDpojm je
nompa~y~e~ao HecBecHe npouece Ko
J11M cc oco6a GpaHH 0Th ocehau,a (1)py-
cTpauMJe H aHKCM03H0CTM. HomTo
HHje 3’ c~ai-~y ma H~OMCHI1 o5jeKTl-1B-
He OKOJTHOCTH, ocoöa MeH,a HaMHH Ha
icojux lix ~i-rnn, pa~y~e ii ouei-i~yje.
86
OTyma CBH MeXaHH3MH oAGpaHe yK
Jby’iyjy eneMeHTe caMoo6MamHBaH,a
4) a31cH4WIKOBUIEa peaJiHocTu.
HajnpocTHju MCXaHH3aM o)~6paHe
0Th ~eice crron,aLume OJT3CHOCTH je ITO
p~waae peajiHocTu. PoiwTemH TeLu
ico o6onesie j~e~~e ‘iecTo om6Mjajy ga
noBepyjy y )fl1J~~H03~ H Moryhu
MCXOfl. 01111 TBPThC ga je WHXOBO ~eTe
~gpa~o 111W j~a jiMa H~lCO MaTte ona
dM0 o6oJbeH,e. Ozj YHYTP~WThC Qua
CHOCTH ThYJIII CC GpaHe penpecujoM
111111 noTncJcHBaI-beM OHHX HMfl3’JIC~
Icojux cc aname, KojH cy HenpnxBaT
11,MBH. HoTHcidHBaIl,e Tpe6a pa3JrnKo-
BaTH 0Th H~MC~HC caMoKOHTpoJle.
Oco6a Mo>ice HBM~~H0 ga JZP)KH fl0J~
IcOHTpOHOM CBOJC HMrIyJIce, Te)KH,e,
xceme. I4HTHMHO FIX npH3Haje, aim
jaBRo lix n0pH~e. CBeCHa je ma cc pa
mu 0 3aJjpAcaBaH,y, fl~HK~HB~TEY He
npl-hxBaTmHBHx uMnyJica. MeIjyTHM,
hIpHJIHKOM noTudlcHBaH,a icao Mexa
HU3Ma om6paHe, oco6a Hi-ije cBecHa
oHor WTO je noTHcHyTo. HenpHxBaT
JbHBe HMfl3’J1C~ ycnena je ma UOTHCHC
H 3a6opaBH, aim OHM H Thai-be nocToje.
flomcHym HMH3’JICH npo~ai-iaae
Ha’IHHe ma cc 3’ RHINe HJIH ~ame npw
IC~HB~H0M B11g3’ HOflOJEC Hnp. 3’
ocehaTtuMa, MHcJmMa, nocTyni.xHMa,
CH0BHM~ H Cii. CR11 ocrasrn MexaHils
MM cy usrpaheHl-l Ha HOTHCKFIBaTh3’ I-I
‘iHne ra ycnewHujHM.
FAflMOHAJIH3AIJMJA JO MCXaHH3aM KOjil
CC neoMa RCcTO KOpMcTH. OH H~M oMoryflyje i-ia
cnojc HoHaluane, naico je 114)310 npoGuc
MamMHO, npnxa)lceMo 5’ TIOBOThHOM CBcTJty.
Alto Jo norpe6Ho ma oGpa3JIrnicHMo 3anITo OMO
110111W yHHHHJIH, MI-I naico n3Hana3’1MO 310-
rH’laH, ~B0~3bH B H C0UHJ~JW0 npHxnaTmHBpa
~iior. Ha npHMep, 3a MI{ore 600MHCJICH0
KynouHHe HanOJIMMO ,,mo6ap pa3nor’: ,,Tpe
Gahe, a Gwsio Jo JCBWHO.” Y MROflW npMnMxa
Ma cc criacanaMo THMO InTO TBpflHMO ma HOWTO
JCCMO MJEH IIHCMO weJienH. Kama HO nocTHrHe
MO ILHJb, TB~J1HM0 ma iia~ Th0 Hera HMJO RH GM-
r
I
I anu
iho cTaJ~~• ,,YNecrnonao caM y TaxMH~eiry,
~ 11~jc MM Gino c~aiio ma ocBOjlIM npno MCcTO”
~ ,CncJeJlHo MHJC InTO Jo 0TH11IJI~ C 11MM, Jep flu
caM mi noMHwJbao fl JO 1103011CM” Taico, ~aj
S ~pc ceGn a 3~THM H ~PYFHM~, 11OKa3yjeMO mace
: cruapH omBHJaJy C11CBHM JIOFM’1l1O H no
JIPOJEKIJMJA Jo nocc6an H DOOMS ‘IOCT
~ 05jmK paIJHOnanI-lsanHJe. Ormema cc y HpHHH
cnnamy BJIaOTI-ITHX IIdflO)KCJbI1HX oco6jina
jipyruMa. rpy6a H ihdnpl-tcToJJia oco6a nepyJc
~ jja cy mpyrH i~ymi-I neoMa rpy6u-t i-i ireHpHcToJ
JIM, TO cc H~OM11 HHMa noitawa onaico K11KO TO
~ 3acnylicyjy. OcoGa icoJa lie Monte ma npl-nnama
I Jo arpedflnhla, c~asuio nacphe Ha upyre ma GM
~ geyTpaJIHcaJIa H,HxOny ,,arpecl-IBH0cT”. Y ~e
ilyTKY caMOHdnMTHnaTha, .11011011 TD~AH ma cy
cBH Jb)’JIH 310110DM.
I~ I-IFrrEJIEIrYAJIPI3AflI-IJA Jo noucymaj
ocoGe ma cc OmBOJM, ymaitn og cnTyalwje icoJa
~ MJa3Hna Cih~)KJhC H Hd11pMJaTlie eMounJe. To
t JpicTaIhJJHpaHe cc omega y nacTojaiby ma cc
~ ,cTnapH” rnemaJy Tpe3nelho, paunonajihhO, an
cTpaKTllO I-Ia ilpuMep, mym~ icoJa cnaucomiren
I no mOma3e y momI-Ip ca abymcKMM naEnbaMa,
I TC11IKMM GOJTCdIhl4IilhMa H cMpTIII4M cJIy’haJeBM
Ma, icao ifiTO cy JIOKapH H mpyro MOJIHLIMILCKO
i 000611,0, 110 MOP)’ cOON mOSBOJIHTH i-ia cc OMO
L ~uouiajino yxihyNyjy y cymGHlly cnaicor
JdnTa. Aico Jo iflBCCT~H crcneir eMouMollaunror
mncTaHuHpaiba upemycjion ycneunhor paga Me
gllflHncKor ocoGjba, TO HO ana’m ma cy HajGo
ILK OHH IcOjH Gy eMOIjh-IOH11JIHO Hornyllo
oiynem~, ,,oryriiann” HdHomauaIbe eMOuMO
iiamne flOfl4)UIKC Jo nancair emeMeulT Tepahmj
cicomnpoueca
II TIOMEPAFLE Jo omGpaMGclIM
KOJHM cc ja unam og HC~CCJbCHHX casnall,a,
ajm cc HCCBCCIhW HMnymc HHaK sa~onomana.
Auto Jo a3nOp c~)pycTpauHJc IremocTynan, arpc
CMJa icoJy Jo naaanao Monte cc HoMeplim Ha 110
KM mpymn OGJCKaT icojn Jo mocTynaH. Ha
npHMep, noc.ne ncycnexa H K4)HTHK~ Ha nocmy,
Mync i-tcnomana arpecujy npe~a )ItCHH HEM flO
1111. tIeCTo cc Hirrepeconalhe aa JIOJOmHHO cona
jaJillo neibefle aKTMBI[OcTM, Imp yMemocT,
MemI-U2HHy, KpHMHHaEHcTKIcy, npocnei-y H CII
monoma 3’ 11033’ ca noMepafleM IIOTHcHyTHX MM
nynca Ha none OGJCKTe Baswnrn Harom-l, imp
COKC3’aJTHH H ~~OCMh3III-h, He MOP~ cc MCHaTH,
cc MOP)’ 11~TCM c0IjHJaJIHOP y~ij,~ H
EHqHHM auranconameM MOHIaTH O5JOKTH na
Koje cy ycMepeHn.
PEFPECHJAJe npahaac nonamamanapaa.
BOJHO HH)KH HHBO. Kagajc ocyjchcHa Heica me-
Ha 3HaMaJua norpc6a, ompacna ocoGa Monce ma
cc noHama ,,Kao meTe”, imp. iTJTa~Te, Gaja cma
p~, ~pancii 3~1IITHT3’ Oil )IpYPHx, 3aKnaH,a cc
H3~ a3’TOpHTCTa H GIL Kama cc nal)v y MaCH, 5’
POMI-LITH Hclcc ocoGe perpcmHpajy Ha NHTeJICK
T~~J11I0 H M0~11JW0 HHn(H HI-lEO nonamama
KOMTIEH3AL(IJJA H HATKOM1TEH3A-
IJIJJA cy HB3HBH na noHamaHa icoJa cc ocna
najy Ha MOXaHH3aM noMcpama, c rim nrro cy y
H,HxOnOJ OcHom-! colmjanHo npnxnaTibnnc no
Erpc6e HEM HMHy.IICH. Y’IOHHK KOJeM Me ~ge Ma
TCMaTHKa, aim goGap joy Jc3mrnMa no’mn,e ma
dUcTeMaTdIcH 3’MM Jcamcc, TO y TOj oGuTaCm 110-
cTaje jeman on naJGomnx. To Jo fl4)HMO4) KOM
neHnauu-xJc: ~cycncmna ~KTHBHOCT ,coJa yrpo
ncana caMonomToname 3aMcHyJc cc EpyroM,
TaKoI)c npcmHoM ~JIH ydilelliMoM aKmnHomhy
ucoJa H3maumo 3amonoibana noTpe6y aa caMo
HOmTOBaHIOM. J~CTO icoje jc npciicncauio ~exy
TCIIIK3’ Goiiccr ma GM oJa’IaJIo opraHH3aM
nO’mlbe mace 6aBH CTIOpTOM, ~JTH TO Gann,ame
upeMenoM npepacTa pcKpcaTHnHo IIHJbOB~ H
icao a,aOiIecueu-LT cc nocnehyJe BpxyHcxoM
cnopTy. Ty HM~MO T14)MMO4) HaTIcoMncHnauHjc:
pelcpcaTnnHo Ganmeme cflopTOM npepacTa y
Ganmeme BpX3’HOKMM CHOpTOM.
JIHcTa MCX~HH3~M~ og6paue MO)JtC
611TH jom gywca. Bama HM~TH 3’ BH~’
ma cy TO C~MO OflHCH MoryhHx a HC H
P~ThOBHHX H~MHH~ noi-iamaHa 3’ OH
TyauHj a~a 4)pycTpauHj C. 00MM TOF~,
TO cy OHUCH icaico CC JEYThH noHamajy a
He o6jauntema 3~UJTO 6am 6upajy Te
H~HHH~ noHamaita. Beumice cy HIJThH
BH~3’~iIHC pa~jmxe y 01(3101100TH ma cc
y 3aIJITHTH BJ1~CTHTC JHPIHOCTH ICOpH
cTe M~X~HH3MH OTh6paHe IEHXOBO no
B~CMCH0 H H~HB~CMCH0 KOpHmheHe
yrna~~o~ je KOpHOHO, a MO)KC 611TH 11
moon npHjaTHO. YHoce pa3HO-
B~CHOCT 3’ CB~KOThHCBHH )KHBOT H
nppicajy aaumny ~OK oco6a HC npo
Ha1~e apejINjil H~MHH peiuauama
npO6JIeMa C IcojHM je cyoqeHa. YiconH
87
Ko I1OGT~H~ rJIaBHH HJWI, ‘iax, J~~HHH
I-IaqHH pearoBal-ba Ha CBC B~CTC npe
npeKa, IIOCTaH3’ 3~MCH~ 3a peaju-I
CTH’nce HaYIHHC peuia~aaa iipo6iie-
~a, ~ama HX CXB~THTH xao 3H~K ~ je
dnoco6HocT npHnarotlaBaaa na~ia
HCI1OT~ KpwrH’lHe Ta’Hce H ga je Ha nO
MOJI~ o36HJbaH IICHXWHCH nopeMehaj.
nHTAmA H 3AgAiu4
1. ifira je MOTIlE, a urra MoTunaTop? HanemuTe UCKO
EHKO Momn4Tropa H noxymaiTe ma ~K~)KCTC ha MOTHEC
KOjC OHH noxpehy.
2. Haaemwre KpHTepHjyMe Ha OCHOB)’ KOjHX CC MOTHHH
meme Ha pasiie EpCTC.
3. V omeJbKy 0 opraueKllM M0THBHMa ynoTpe6JbeHH
Cy, HSMCbY OCTUJIHX, H3pa3H ,,XoMeoeTasa” H ,,xoMeO
CTaTCKH MCXaHHSMH’. OnHuiwre allaqeH,e THX H3pa3a.
4. HauemHTC upilMepe nonawai~a KOjH C)’ H3~~3 COIEH
janH~auHje 6ao.nomiffix noTpe6a.
5. On~mHTe Mac.nonsseny XlijepaxHjy MOTEBa.
6. 36jacHHTe 3HaMeH,e cnemehilX H3pasa: 6aplljepa,
4,pyeTawija, TonepaHituja na ~pyeTpaItHjy, EOTHCKH
nalbe, MexalilisaM omôpaHe.
Be nc 6 a: Hopa3ronapajTe 0 c.nemehHM TeMaMa, H TO Ca
UHJbCM ma HX H.HyCTpYJeTe noHamaH,HMa Koja CTC 3a-
fl~3H31H KOJ1 CC6e HUH KOit oeo6a ii3 enoje cpemHHe:
(2) PCSJIHCrH’HCO H HC~C&JiHC~YKO pearoaamc Ha
up cup OK)’ U oCeIlaAtLc ~pycpawfjc (2) Kaico up eRa-
subs, ocekau,se ncyroaxuocru y c;cTyaLwju Kaga
y’IIIFIIIMQ HCIIYV Ca ‘HIMC HUCMO sa,qoBoJxazu? (3) Rbjc
MCX&11H3M0 DIX 6pane qecrosanaxcaMo KOJA II,YAM y eao
joj cpcuxuuu?
88
8.HHTepecoBaffia,
CT~BOBH II BP~1kHOCTII
r ny Hajupe flpOJI~I3H Icpos 4~a~y o6a-
Y TO1C~ ca~pe~ama H yKJLy’IHBaHZa
3’ )KHBOT 3ajeJu-114ue, flOCe6HO y npoue
cy coliHianHor y~ea3a, cna~a oco6a
4opMHpa HHS gHcno3FlflHja Koje cy y
MHO~0 ‘leMy cji~q~e M0THBHMa. rJIaB
na CJIHHHOCT je y TOMC HITO, K~O H MO
THBH, cygenyjy ~j HOKpeTaHZ3’ H
opraHllaouaHy 3QKHX HJIH U1H~HX cer
MCH~T~ noHamaa.a ThygH. HaJBaKHH
je 01~ THX gHdnosHuHja cy uHTepe
coBama, CT~BOBH H Bpe1~HoeTH.
HHTEPECOBAILA
HHTepecoBaa~e je gHdnoaHL~Hja icoja
ce HdnojbaBa 3’ CIIpCMHOCTH oco6e ga
ce 6aBH OlipfleHoM aKTHBHouJhy saTo
ilITO jOj npy&ca 3agoBomcTBo. Koja he
aKTHBHOcT nOCTaTH flPCAMCT HHTepe
eonaa.a jegHe oco6e, 3~BHCH og BHHIC
OICOJIHOCTH. fldnxoJlosH 03’, H3Mfly
ocTanor, HCT~~)KHB~J1H yiiory (npeg)
aHama, cn0006HocTn, MOTHB~ H noje
~HHHX up~a JIH’IHOCTH.
ICoju ‘iimuoqu ynny na 4opnmpan~e
nn~epeCOB mba?
Mwrepeconama cy TCCHO noue~aua ca
SHaH,eM H cnoco6nocmMa. Ona ce
y~eic O~HOC~ Ha HeIUTO IUTO je oco6it
goHexule II03H~TO H UJTO )KeJIH joUl Go
jibe ga yno3na. He MO)KCMO ce HHTepe
cOBaTH sa CTB~~H 0 KojuMa HHJUT~ HC
anaMo. 3aHuTepeeoBaHoeT no npaBH
ueLUTaBaH,a, yno3HaBama, HcnHTHBa
ma H HCTpaACHBaFba.
Cn0CO6H0CTH 03’ u3rJIega UCH
TpanHH 4~aKTOp 3’ 4~opMI4pamy HHTe
p000Bal-ba. OHe y6p3aBajy ~eI-be
ogpeheHHX aICTHBH0CTH H onalduJaBa
jy nocTH3ame ycnexa. Ta ~ua MoMen
Ta 03’ goBOJbHa ga H HeK3’ cadauM
cny’lajHO oga6paHy aKTHBHOCT y’IHJ-ie
npHjaTHOM H ~a ce oco6a ~a my 3aHH-
repecyje.
Ooo6e CJIH’IIIHX nirrepeconalba
Mel]yco6ILO HpHBmaMe Hinepeconalba cy
tJeCTO ocHona y1Ipy)K]4I3~LIb~t Jb3VIM Jla .1111 eTe
jtexama 6nna Ha cacraliKy HeKor nnalll4Hap-
exor mpyrnrna, ympyMcelba pn6oiionana2 To cy
neoMa xeieporeiin CKyIlOnH, ne3yje MX CaMO
jemIIO. aKTl4nnocr y ]COjOj y)Iclmajy JemHoI ma
~a nojanMheTc CC H~ IICKOM cipy~IHOM cKyIIy
CraJulo ‘lwraMo o6anernleH,a 0 cKyuonHMa
pa3I[MX MCJiIIIUHIICKHX, HCIIXOJLOIIIKMX, JCX
~rnqKMx MCJJ ympyHcelba To cy IreffiTo xoMorC
lIHjH eKynonK CBC oeo6e MMajy ucro Jul11
cmHqlEo o6ptnoname, PaUC Mere IIHH CJIH’IILC
nocmone, IbHxonC noErpe6e 3a ycaBpluanalbeM H
y’iei5eM cy cjrn’uje writ
BpcTe stHTepecoBaH~a
HuTep000Bama ce ~ory pa3BpcTaTi-i
Ha OCHOB3’ pa3JIH9uThx lcpHTepujy
Ma. KplnepHjyrvt MOAdC 6HTH ~3~~dT
ocoGe (roBopH cc imp. o ge4jHM HHTC
pecoBaFbHMa, HHTepecoBamliMa MJIa
gHX, uwrepeconau~i~a ogpacJiHX,
CT~~HX H en.). Haj~euihe ce lu-iTepe
co~ama KnacI4mncyjy npe~a cagpAca
j3’, npe~a B~CTH aKTHBHOCTH Koje 03’)’
nHTamy. Taico ce fOBO~H o o6paaon-
HHM, npO4~eCHOHaJIHHM, HOJIIITH’1-
KUM, KynTypHHM, CI1O~TC1CHM H j~p.
uHTepecoBaFbHMa.
Hpo4weHoHanna mrrepecoBaH3a
To je jegHa og naj3ua~ajHHjHx B~0T~
HHTepecoBama. Oiia npegcrauma Ba
,icai-i ‘{HHHnaU y go~ousemy ognyice o
H3Gopy 3aHHMama ogHocHo npo~e
cnje, no ‘i~M)’ 03’ H go6nna i-lasH)).
HcTpaxdllBama noKasyjy ga ocoGe ito
je cy oga6pajie saHHMame icoje je y
citnagy ca ~HXOBHM HHTepecoBamH
Ma HOCTHZCY BehH yenex y o6aBmamy
nocno~a H3 lCOjl4X ce TO 3~HHM~Th~ ca
cTojH. To cc nogjeg~aico OgHocH H H~
Ce
pagny 3’GEICUJHOCT H H~ crene~
nH’jHor sagoBoJEcTBa OGaBIbeHHM no
cnoBHMa. Oco6e Icoje cc Gane SaHHMa
meM Icoje mc ~~~epecyje pete rpeiue
y nocny, npae name ,,micapTa”, Gpice
II fl~~UH3HH~~ o6anmajy ~KTHBHO0TH
Icoje saxTeBajy IcoHLleHTpauHjy naxc
me H H31{~)KJLHBOCt Kaga ya HHTepe
coBame 3a saHilMame oco6a HM~ H
BHcoKe dn0006HOcTH, npe~a noeny
3~3’3HM~ IcpeaTHBHHjH ogHoc, UITO cc
BHgH iC~O3 ynomeme ~~3HHX HH0Ba-
LIHJa. 3agoBon,cTBo HOOflOM cc orjiega
3’ peI~jeM HsocTajamy C iberia, MamOj
d)nyicTyagi-ijH, pehHM noapega~a Ha
pagy H Behoj TonepaHgHjy Ha
Teuncohe Icoje ce jaBmajy y pagy.
POJIHTeThH C)’ CKJIOHH ma 0BOjOj Jl~IjH Ha
MCTH)’ 1136op ~a~u~ama no KpHTCpHjYMHMa
KOjH Cy BaSKHH 3a ThHX, aim ~e H 3a meny. HOKH
pomnTeibH Bpnle BCJWKH ll~HThC~J( Ha meny ma
611 cc noeneTH.aa 3aHHMamy Koje cy 01114 Hexa
ma icencmu ~a ce6e, an)! HM cc A<CJb~ m-ije
OCTB~PHJI&
Oco6e KOJC majy canere Mopajy nO3HaBaTH:
(1) ~H~OK Kp3’F aam4Mama, (2) Kaxo cc H rite cc
MoNce uncononaTH Ta Ta 3aHHMama, (3) K~KBH
cy n~riiema Ta 3anocnemc H sapamy a (4) xaKna
cy )rnTepecoBawa, cnocoGHocTH H upTe
JIHIHOCTH oaor Kojer canefljy.
89

Ciio6onuo npe~e ii uwrepeconal-ba
Y flpaKTl-t’flLOM eMileily, CJIO6OnHHM cMaTpaMo
0110 B~CMC Koje H~M Ocraje nocme pemornIax
o6aneaa a y KOJCM MO)KCMO mace öalrnMo 011MM
aKTI4BHOGTHMa KOJC iiac murepecyjy. Kama je y
~wramy KOpMmheJbe cmo6omiior npe~e~a, my-
me MoMceMo rpy6o nomenaTu y IlexojifiKo rpy
Sentry rpyny ‘mue 01111 Koja liMajy N 1503-
irajy cBoja HhrTepecOBalba a HacToje ma MX 311-
monome y cnoGomiroM apeMelly. OHM ce mene
Ilamue nomrpyne. JCAHH y cnoGomiio~ fipeMelly
ce 6ane ~KTHBH0GTMM11 KOje hieMajy HMKaKIIC
GJIMMHOCTH ca IbMXOBHM 3alrMMahbeM. To lie
ai-ia’m ma ax 3auMMame He MHT~~CC~JC, Hero ma
ilMajy uIMpOKa HHTepeconaIba flpnMep: JIG
xapcxo nena’iKo mpym-rno. ~1pyra, naK nacTan
ibajy ca aKTMBHOcmMa KOJHM cc 6ane Ha
noeny, jep Je TO jemahlo InTO SIX MCTHHGKM MM
Tepecyje, TO MX H11JBMUIC 3amonomana 11 omMa
pa flpHaep: .iiexap KOJII y cno6omuo ~pe~e
‘IMTa cTpyMILy .hTHTepaTypy, Mite Ha c~py’i~e
cacTamce, 3”ICGTByjC 5’ IICKOJ McTpa3IrnBa11Koj
exana H Cii.
JIpyry rpyny ‘111MG ocoGe Koje HeMajy
IhspaaHTa Mirrepeconalba ama siMajy HO
rpemuy enaxy 0 GBOjMM MhiTepeconai~aMa H
oHe Ce ~eJie Ha ~BC nomrpyne. Jenny ‘IMHC 01111
icoja ce y6njajy On mocame, Gene sicnpem Tejie
nM3opa, .aMcTajy HOBMMC, T~1DKC caroBopliaxa
3a bnjio xojy TeMy. MirorM On H,MX cc Haj
nenme ocehajy Ha nocny, ‘iax N xama 3a ibera
HeMajy HCKO H3~113HTO MHTepcconame. FLux
npnniia’ia opraila3oBaHocT CHTyawfle, 0MM-
ondHo flp0B0I~eibe BpeMena Jipyry nomrpyny
‘111MG OlIN KOjH CJio6o1{HO UpeMe HcKJbyqMBo
KopacTe Ta ,,omaop”. flpa TOMe ThHxOB OmMop
Ce cacToja on dualialba, cemex~a Ha HexoM MC
CT)’ omaxme M0F5’ ma nocMaTpajy 3GMnama Ha
~J1M11H 11MM Cii.
CTABOBH H BPE)~HOCTH
ifiMpoM eBeTa oGaumeHe cy XHThaJ~e
HCTpa)JcnEama 3’ ICOjHM cy ~JI~BHO Me
CTO 3~~3HM~JIH riojaM CTaBa H
BCOM~ C~O)1$H UOJMOBH, imp. MHeH,a,
ynepema, flpe4JepeHflHje, Bpe)1$ocTH,
90
BpemHocne OpHjeHTauHje. Tb neuxo
JIOrHje ncTpa~icuBaH,e oTaBona ce
npournpamo na collnonornjy, elcono
MHjy, neJ~aronijy, MeLIHUHHy H Mnore
mpyre nayxe. 3aTo je yMecno nocTa
BHTH Gap T~H nwraaa: ifiTa je To
cnn? ifiTa je TO BpewJocT? 3auxTo cy
ncTpaacHBan.a OTaBona H Bpe~HocTn
flocTaJIa Talco npoulHpeHa?
IfiTa je CT~IB?
Yjej~noj pe~enn~n: CTnJeCTC’10H4
PCJIETHBHO TpajHa CJI~~MHOCT 1(~ Ce
JTO3IITHBHO Hill! HCF8THBH0 peal-yje
Ha HeEl! HCK~CTR~HM O6jeKaT. ffl’ra
3H~MH ona pe’iennua?
flpno, 113 ite ce BHJU{ ma GB~EH ,, Ncxyc-rBe
JIM o6jexai” Mo)hce 6HTH H o6JCKaTCT2Ba. Hcm
Ha, HGM11MO c~anone iipe~a eneMy o ‘leMy
HM11MO Heica Hcxycma, aim axo 05’ Ta Hcxyc-rna
3lIaMajHa 3a nac JUflITO nim n nauzy npyuime
try cpemHHy, om~a je Bpiio BeponaTHo ma 0MG
c~iopMapaJm cranone npeMa o6jesrnjMa Ha Koje
Ce omHoce. CTanone MowceMo HMarH npeMa pa3-
HaM ocoUaMa, HHp. npeMa npo4~ecopy, H~KOM
HOJlMTM9apy, YMCTHMKy, CHOpTM0TH H Cii. Ma
ne Hula BeJiaxe JIJ3J’IIJTBCHC rpyiie 05’ na)hcHa
o6jexTn COIIHJ11JIHMX eTanona Ha npiwep,
OMeKyjeMO ma CBM JLY~H uMajy CThB flJ~GM~ CEO
joj nopoinuia, upeMa HCKHM mpyrHM nopoma
llaMa Koje nosHajy, aim H npe~a nopommia xao
OCHOr3H0J B~CTH mpylliTEeHHx rpyna. TaxoI~e
MM~M0 cTanOBe npeMa CEOjOj JJIKOJIH H N~KHM
mpyrnM IIIKoJiaMa, npeMa CEOM omememy H
ome.memy in cycemHe y’iHoimge. Jbymu MMajy
eTanone npeMa JiexapHMa, npanmiwmia,
y’IaTemmda H ~113HHM JIpyrIni npo4)ecHjaMa
CT11BOBM npe~a CEOjOj HauajH H mprHM Malta
jaMa cy TeMa 0 KOjoj ce ‘lecTo H capaaJIH’mTHM
noBomaMa pacnpann,a. Mo)KeMO HMaTH CThE0-
ne npe~a mymHMa ompebeHe peJJHFHjG, CTaHOB
HHUHM~ HCKOF xcpaja, HanHja’m~a HCKOF THM&
BeoMa IJJHpOKy H 3Ha’lajHy KaTeropHjy o6jexa-
Ta c~anona ‘mJrepa3ue sweja If H~ H,HMa sacno
DElHI! oCjiHilH 1rparrx~rnor IIOHauiiama. Ha
npHMep, MHO~H ityma aMajy cnn npeMa HmejM
meMoxpaTHje H npeMa Ha’muy xaxo je Ta H,Zleja
rp
I cama peaJiH3onaHa Mao Taxo MWKGMO
cranOflO lipeMa HmejM cowijaJiuI3Ma, Kanuha
~ 11fl3Ma, cOItHjamIIe npanme, IcynTypuor uporpe
F 0a,paBhIoHPaBhlOcTa noJiona amp , icao H npeMa
fla~LH1IHM11 xaico cy re tuleje peanH3onaHe xom
~ ~rac Hm~t 5’ HeicuM mpyrMM 3eMmaMa lipyuan e
Ha 3flsrnama H IIOJCRHHH flQraI)8jK cy Taxotle
!~ o6jeKTM OTaBOBa. BehMHa JEyJIM HMa H3rpaIleH
cT&B fipeMa paTy, pasopy)Kahty H MIIp0BHMM
~ 15o,cpeTMMa EicoJtomKa noicpeTM, npocneTa
remcxe axnHje, oMmaaaHcxe paJiHe axuHje H
ppyra 36HBaJba Mory 611TH o6jeKTH cTaBOE11-
Thyma TOKOM )KanoTa cpopMMpajy cTanOne npe
t xa paaHaM cj.1H3H’IKHM oCjerrIfMa. Ha npaMeP
I ripeMa MeCTy 5’ KojeM AUIBG ibymM O6HRHO
Jy noaMTHBahi craB CTaBoBe M0)KGMO MM11TH
~ upeMa cTnapMMa 3’ KOjHM 05’ MaTepajala3ona-
~ ne Hexe BpemHocTM, KaO InTO cy xmure, cnwce,
pa3na Textmqxa cpemeTBa a Gil, HJ~ KOje
itelilTO dHMGonMByjy, H1i~ 3aCTaBa, o6enexja,
~ omehaH Cii
Jipyro, cTan je nudnoiccwua To 3Ha’ra ma je
waiaH WitH pemaTMBHO TpajaH MexaHH3aM NO-
F jH je 3’ CT~ThY ma noxpeHe MaIne canHame, eMO
uMoHaiiHe H MoTaBauaoHe npouede Ha jemaH
aiiM 1lp)’fl! H~MHH CT11E ce acihomana 3’ hO
uratuatby Ma meno rOBopHMO 0 cTBapaMa ii~G
Ma KOjHM HMaMO HO3MTHBaH CTWB HeraTHBaH
cTaB H3pa)IcanaMo KpHTHKOM, npHronopMMa H
cm. CraB ~ac MOKe noxpeHyTH Ha aKuHjy. Axo
je IiO3HTMBaII — axunja je y IcopuicT OGjeKTa,
axoje ileraTsinahl—oHaje npOTHnO6jeKra. Jem
MOM cjElopMuipaJiui, Mcxli 0T~BOBM Tpajy xp03 ueo
)KMBOT, a HCKM Ca npOMeHOM OKOJIHOOTU HuM
nowe6a Meitajy. Tpajaa cy ripe enera OHM cTa
BOEM xoje mO,KaBibaBaMO xao meo .nHMHOr
MJieHThITeTa- BehMHa ibymli xp03 lieO )KMEOT
3alip)KaEa HOTH OT~B upeMa ce6ii, cnojoj nopo
miniM, mOMOBMHH, hlpeMa BpemlIocTMMa onoje
xynType 11 npe~a yirulBep3annuiM EpGJIHOCTH
Ma K110 iliTO cy ciio6oma, paBHOIIpaBHOCT, oTan
6Hna a Cii. C mpyre cTpaHe, cTaB npeMa nexoM
morallajy Hint jaBHOj inpmOci a (Ddt)6~ he nepo
BaiHO HpOMCiIHTH Kaiiaca3tra IIGWTO IUTO 3’Be-
maxo MeH~a paHajy cnaxy 0 IOM mOral)ajy Hill!
TOj jahItroj JiM’{HOCTH, aiiM xajza ce HpOMGHG
mpyBlTBeHe oKonnocTa
Tpehe, OTaB je cnoxccHa .UHCIIO3HWIJB jep
yhcmy’iyje 3HaH,a a BepOnaiba 0 o6jexiy (No
rHMTHBHa KoMnotreuTa), eMouuionaline peaK
naje 5’ OmHocy Ha o6jeicar (a4eKTunHa
KoMilouleilTa) H paiHe o6nauce noc~ynai~a ripe-
Ma o6jeicry (KohlaTanhia IcoMnoHenra). Axo
aMaMo Iio3hITaBahI oTan npeMa HacTanaJemHor
uipemMeTa, H3nmemuI cy ma heMo HMaTH H liftInG
3uIaH~a M3 Tor npemMeTa, ma heMo ca name aamo
nomcTBa y’IHTH Taj upemMeT H BHme Ce panG
BaTK nocTarHyToM ycnexy
MeTEpTO, on MHOrHX mpyrax mHcnonHuHja
cTaB CG paanlixyje ISO TOMC InTO je 3’ neJiocTi!
uay’ieH, cre&eu Kp03 HcKydnJo ca o5jezcroM MEl
KOJH cc ounodn. CTaBOBe y’IMMO on HajpanHjer
meTalboTBa. YMMMO MX uiyTeM CBMX npcTa
y~ema — yciionibanalbeM, MIICTpYMeHTaJIHHM
yMebbeM, ynaijaubeM, yMelbeM no Momeiiy.
YMaMO HX onyMaj Ito hi IraMepHo.
Hero, cTan ompeijyje cMcp Jima cMucao pea
roaama aa o6jexaT Ha KOjH ce omnocH. Cnn
ocoGe upeMa ompeijeHoM o6jeKTy je aim noaa
THB11H HilM hieraTMnaH Kama ce HcnHTyjy on
nonu, otrma cc pemonhlo yTnphyjy cMep (,,ripem
3HaK”) oTana H HHTeH3HTeT cTana. Hna~e xao
HaqIlu pearOnal-ba, craB ii~a H npyre 0006aHe.
Hnp. cHary (0TISOpHOCT Ha uipoMeHy), mocilem
HOOT (acnomanalbe crana y cBMM cHTyauuljaMa
y KOjuiM we6a ma molie mo M3pawcaja), oTnope
HOOT (cupeMhiocT ocoGe ma HcKpeHO noxawe
cnoj cTaB) 11 mp.
JUn je BpeJUloCT?
EpelinooTH cy TaKo1~e cTe’reHe gncno
anwije, aiiM ce, aa paaimicy 0J~ craBo
Ba, ne ojlaoce Ha je~an HcKyCTBeHH
o6jeicar Hill na jenny BpOT3’ 110K)’-
cTBeHHx o6jexcan, nero Ha BeoMa
ntH~OICO fl4lHHHcaHe xiiace HOKy
OTBeHHX o6jexara. JI~a JIM heMo FOBO
~HTH imp. 0 0T~B~ npe~a ~eMoKpa
THJH Him )~eMoKpaTHjH xao Bpe~Ho
0TH, saBildil o~ rora urra no$pa3yMe-
BaMO flOg meMoxpaTHjoM Axo jjeMo
xpanijy cxBaTaMo xao jenny y HH3~
IIOJIHTH9KHX aAeja HJIH xao npaxcy
xoja nodTOjH y ox&pflenoj cpe.nHHH,
oH~aje ~CM 0 craBy- Axo ~eMoIcpaTHjy
cxnaTaMo xao IroxcemaH H8’IHH ype
1JHB8M3 CBMX RpyLuTBeHMx H Meijy
J7,YIZCKHX OJJHOC2, OJi Gpaxa, nopomH
91

Lie, npeico paziHe opraHu3auHje,
zipwa~e J~O HajLUHpHx MebyHapozIHHX
acOuHjauHja, ol-Izia je TO BP~JIHOCT
Hull, ‘Jax, BpeJjHOeHa OpHjeHTauHja.
3aurro C)’ CTaBOBH H BpeIIHOCTH
fl~~J~MCT öpoj IIHX ncTp1nKHsan~a?
OCHOIIHH paa~ior nennxor HHTcpecOnaH,a rICH
xomora 3a npoyManal[e CTaBOBa H BP~2IHOCTH
je JIpeTlIOCTaUKa ma cy TO nne cTeMene ~HdHo
3HIIHje KOJ~ yTH’Iy Ha pa3JIH’iHTC oGJ1acTH no
nauiai~a JbymIl.
3aaarame Ha pa,ay TecHo je none3allo ca
cTaBOnHMa npe~a npemyaehy, pyxoBohelby,
yCJIOBHMa pana, capanhIHwf Ma, BHCHHH JIpHXO
LW, OL1IL000M npeMa pamy yollifiTe H Cfl. Pammi
BR KOJH HMajy HO3HTHBaII ens npe~a
npeny3ehy BHLII~ ce aajia~~y Ha foWl)’, HMajy
game nixapTa, peije H300Tajy ca riocjia H Oil.
Jbyma KOJH nepyjy ma pan ujaje OMHcaO mym
OKOM )KHBOTy BHffl~ none pa’iyHa 0 CBOjOj npo
4~eci~ojiajmoj ~CJICU11IOOTH H JLYRHMa C KOJHM
pane. rIoJmrrInKa aHrazoBamc je opemorno ma
Ce 14CHOJb~ cTanOnH rIpeMa pa3HHM mpyfflTne
Ill-tM UHT~IbHM~ H flpO6JIeMHMa, upe~a fount
TH’IKHM cErpaliKaMa, J5HXOBIIM npOrpaMnMa H
noijaMa. JI~ynH cc onpememyjy 3a o~e nourn
THMKC opraJInJaliHic 3a KOJC nepyjy ma cc ~a
jiaxy aa cTanone Koje cMaTpajy H OBOJHM
CTaBOBWMS. TlJToje nehH 6poj ocoGa xoje HMajy
n3paaHTo no3HTHsaII CTaB npeMa jenHoM xan
mwnary na H3GopnMa, TO Je neha neponarHoha
ma he OH 0)1110TH no6emy. To 3rlajy H UOJIH
TH~apn, Te y npemn360pJLoj xaMnamH HacToje
mace InTO mime mona.nuy OHHM xaTeropnJaMa
G~rpa~a xoje cy Jraj6pojnHje. HoJ-poma?Ko Ho
iiawame je none3ano ca paanonponHM cTano
nn~a, On KOjHX 0)’ 0~M0 HCKH n3paa paHHjer
ncxycTna ca yHoTpeGnoM npennomhy nojen~
HHX npou3noma. KyllyjyhH mYmM noxaayjy Ka
xas cTan HMajy npe~a ee6H, npe~a paanaM
mpyluTnenHM rpynaMa Hint C.flOJ~BHM~. H3Gop
‘lecro 3~BHCH On Mapxe, H3rulema, nopexna, cx
CKJI~3HBHC IICHC npoH3nona. THMe xynau no
Kaayje cnoJ cnn npe~a nojemnnnM npecTH)K
1~M rpynaMa H T~MCW~ ma H?! npHnana. 3jrpan-
cmesio Honawameje TaKO1)e non ynmajeM era
Bona. MnOro je RHIne OHHX KOjil 3Hajy Kaxanje
3na’Iaj JIOJCnHHHX CTB~~H H no~auiama ~a
92
rI
3fl~~Bib~ Hero Gpoj OHHX KOjH cc nonauiajy y
CKJiany ca THM 3HaIEHM& HO3HTKBaH cnn npe
Ma 3flpaBihy none3yje 3’ IICJIHHy sirama H HO
iiarname. Teuixo je noneponaTH ma HCICO )KCJIH
3y6o6ouby n oGojieuie 3y6e, aui~ Hnje Teuuco
npoHahH myne xoJn a]-iajy una rpe6a MHIHiTH,
a TO HC 9IIHC HH PCnOBHO RH K~KO we6a.
Janmame IlaKIloHocTu H HOHSSJIOHOCTH je
HenocpemaH Onpas cTauona. Thynn npe oceTe
dnMnamjy npe~a ocoGaMa 3a Koje rn~ene ma
HMajy c~asone KOJH Cy CJIH~HH HHXOBHM eTa
nOnnMa. Y ILOBOM Onesbeiby wailrnia npHja
TCJIJOTBa ce ycnocTanjbajy Met))’ OHHM y’leHH
IjilMa KOjil OTKpHjy ma nMajy cJIH’ma Miluhibe
ma 0 CTB~~HM~ KOje cMaTpajy BaKHHM, miTe
pecailTiniM, IIPHKJISJIIIHM 3a pal3ronop. lioHa
Illume y K0111)JIHKTIIHM CIfIYRUHJ2M4 xao lIon
IIeKHM hIOBehaJIoM, OTKpHBa KaKBH cy CThBOBH
cTpaiia y cyxoGy. Y3 TO, janma CC Te)KH,a mace
paaiwxe yMHo,lce H nonehajy a npeocnne
cnwnIocTH ma cc 3anocrane Hint H3BHTOnepe-
iio npmcasyjy. To cc nemana xana cc nocnaj~e
KOMfflHjC, xaga cc pa~nome cynpy3l-t, Icana jemna
4ntpMa TyKH npyry 4rnpMy, xana nec cTpane
3ap aTe.
eOPJvWIPAHE, MEHAItE PT
O,11P)KABA}EE CTABOBA 1-I
BPE)J~HOCTh
OneT cc epeheMo ca rpH Meljyco6llo
noue~a~a llHTaTha: KaICO ce 4~oprvrnpa-
jy GTaB0BH? Kaxo y~ouaaH go l-LHX0BOr
MeH,ama? Mory .JW ce je)flioM 4rnpMH-
P~HH 0TaB0BH 3aulnITuTH O)~ 1JpOMe-
He? OBa flHTaIEa ce og~oce H H~
BpeJIHOcTH.
ICojit ‘IHHHOLW 3~fli9)’ Ha 4ojmmpawe
CTaBoBa?
Tpyne OpI’aIIH3aWfje H ILIHpa Jipylin-BoHa 3a-
jejinuna xojoj ocoüa npHnana 3HaMajHH C)’ WI
BOpH coihHjaJlHHx eTanona. Aipyuitnena 3ajen-
Hmia H xyurrypa y xojoj jennHKa ompac-ra rioce
myjy BeoMa oJloYKeH CHCTeM onnona H npemno
0TH. ilpexo nopommie, mxoiie H MacOBHHX
cpemoTana, xao rJlanH]ix KaHaula counjannor
ynmaja, npHnamllHUH IIOBHX reHepaunja
yhTO3Ha.Jy H ycnajajy TC cTanone H npenhIocTn
J~pyre rpyne H opranH3aiInje, xao hUTO cy H1I~
paIne npmma~xe rpyne, iin~epecne H HOJIH
THMKe oprauH3aflnje, pa3nwjajy Bfl~CTHT~ CII
OTeMe BP~~HOCTIl H cranone. One HacToje ma
ThHXOBH ~JIanonH ycnoje CxnaTalba, OTaBOBC H
npenHOcTH sa xojc cc one 3aJhaxcy, xoje cy y
cKalany oa mnxonn~ nutrepednMa. QUIeT THX
counjaJnrnx OKOJIIIOCTH nononw no Tora ma my
~ ynosilajy, CTHM~ H Honoubanajy ~~3ilHMHT~
cTanOne.
JIWIHC oco5rnre nojeJWHU2 cy allaMajan
‘mHHnau, npno — cejiexunje o6jexaTa npe~a
KOJHM CC d)opMnpajy OnnOBH H, mpyro — npan
Tm H HHT~H3HTCTh THX cTanOna. .TbyRH cc pa
3JIHK)’J)’ no M0THBHMa, noweGa?la,
~CIflWJH H ~~3HHM npTaMa JIW’IHOCTH. CnaKa
on THX oco6nna ce yzuuthe y nponec 4opMwpa-
ma cTanona H nPemnoeTn. OcoGa ‘rnjn MOTHS)!
H HHT~~~C14 03’ oxpenyTH cTHuan,y MaTepnjan
mix no6apa, nut ocnajany lienc ompflene no
JIHTH’IKe no~nwije, ycnajahe one cTanone H
npcmnocTn KOJH C)’ y cxuiany ca IbeHhiM MOTH
Rita, HHTCpecHMa H upTaMa. Y MHOTIIM
HC1V~XCHB~HMM~ 3’ CBCTY H lCO~ Hac yTnpt)eHO
Je ma CHHLIJ~OM iip~a KOJH Je Ha3BaH ayroparap
HOCT ‘IHHH oco6y npwjeM~HnoM 3a cTanone H
npcmnocTn Koje cy cynporiie neMoxpaTcxoj
opHjeHTauHJH 3’ MelJyubyncKl-IM, exoHoMcKaM
H IIOJIHTHMKHM omHOcHMa.
ifim je MeJ-saH,e CT~BOB~ H RaKO
£10 upoMeHe?
Y npouecy Meital-ba o6jexaT c~ana
OcTaje ncrii, aim ce ~eita HJIH
cazipEaj nojeIXMHHx KOMHOH~HTH eTa-
Ba, Hill! npaaau eTana, Hill! H J~~HO H
gpyro. Y CBHM THM duTyaulljaMa
MO)KCMO ~~3J1HKOB~TH rime rnam~e
npcre npoMeHa emma. Mo je flpOMe
Ha y cxnazjy ca nocTojehHM eTanoM,
~0BO~HMO 0 KoHrpyeHTHoj Hill! Ca—
nraCHOj ~~P OMCHK Ha np~~ep, nog
yTllujajeM HOBHX HexycTama, paHnje
U03HTHBaH craB npe~a HpHMapHoj
II~CBCHTHBH nocTaje ca3HajHO yTeMe
TheHHjH, CMO14HOH~JIHO HHTeH3HBHH-
jH, ~KUHOHO OTBOpeHHjH H O1IJ1Y1LIHH~
jH. HuH, xa,ga y~epe~o HO3HTHBaH
cTaB y’leHHxa npe~a npezIMeTy nocue
~o6Hjaaa o,rLnHqHe ollene nocTaHe
H3paaI-rro no3wrHBaH, xaa~eMo ga je
zioniiio go ICOHI2~~CHTHC npo~ene eTa-
Ba npe~a TOM ilpezIMCTY. YICOJIHICO
npo~e~a y Hexoj ICOMIIOHeHTH Hill!
000GHHH eTama HHje y cxna,gy ca pa
HHJHM cTaBOM, pe~ je 0 i-ieico.urpyen
TI/Of HilH HecarJIacHoj, Hdnony~ap
riof npoi~reun Ha npHMep, nocue He
npujaTnor ncxyc~ma ca HaCTaBHHICOM
tiexor npej~~e~a HO3HTHB~H cTaB npe
Ma TOM npezi~e~y ce Mo)xe npOMeHH
Ti! y HeJ’aTHBHH c’an. Mo nen oco6a
Hiffi rpyna npe~a xojOj CMO HManH
IIO3HTHB~H c’an no~ne zia ‘IHHH erma
~H xoje cy cynpome HaUJHM O’IexHBa
mHMa, pac~e BepomaTHoha ga heMo
II~OMGHHTH cBoj cTaB npe~a T0j OGO
6H HflH FjJ3’flH.
,L~o Memama cTamoma MO)ICC j~ohn
dnOHTaHO, ycne~ npo~ena y )KHBOT
HHM OKOJIHOGTHMa, HcKycTBy, rIOTpe
GaMa H adnnpaLuijaMa ocoGe, ~JIH H
HaMepHo, nog ymgajeM JIJI~HCKHX ax
uHja noje~HHHx ocoGa, rpyna Him
~~flUTBCHHX HHTHTyqHJa H O~l’~HH
3auHja. UHmeBH ~~3HHX BpCTa npona
range, Hflp. eKOHOMOKe, n0JIHTHqKe,
IcyulTypHe, 3JIP~BGTBCHC H Gil., jecy Me
H,aH,e OJlpGl~JeHHX OTaBOBa my)~H. Me
i-L~ThC c~amoma je CaCTaBHH zzeo
COLjHjanH3a~HJe H nfl. ,,pecounjanH
aa1~Hje”. BaxCHy ynory HM~ 14 y ncHxo
TepanhljH.
‘icra 3~BHCH OTI10~HOCT CTBBOD~ Ha
upoMeHy?
Mnmenmja je ma n,yan nonmexcy ynepanauy,
TIPHTHCIIHMa H ~~3HHM npera~a npOnannae.
Taxo1~e je ‘nu~cniwa ma myna HC none ma 6ymy
,,MaIn-myulHcaHH”, ma cc Gyne axo HexO
yrpoxcana IIJUXOB)’ caMocTauiHocT a cuio6omy
omrly’lHnama H nonamama ~onex TC)KH ma cc
93

omynpe nponaralmH Koja orpallH’iana Iberouy
mH’IHy ono6omy. HaneuiheMo 1~H cj)axTopa 1(0-
JH monpHHoCe OTIIOPHOCTH eTanona, a ‘rnje ce
meThonaH~e MONCO maKO npenO3HaTh y cnaKom
HCBHHM dnTyaI1HjaMa~
HH3T’~ qUIIJITH JICIJITO M3 IlIlaTh HJJH H3
npxoca jecre o6~rnx HCPaTHWICTS{dncOr pearo
nama Kajja Jo oq~rnemno ma HOKO xohe ma
orpaHn~a ~aiuy csioGony, ma H~M Ha TpyG
Ha’IHH H~MCTHe CflOjy BOTh)’, cnoJe cxnaTaH,e,
cnoj yxyc 14 CTh., nonehana cc neponaTHoha ~a
heMo y’IHHHTH ynpaBO 0140 ifiTO Jo cynpo~~o
T~KBHM IlacTojamHMa Ty ce paThH 0 fl~~T~ZHO
eMOuHoHanHOj peaKuHJH (y cTpyNHOj Jlwrepa
T)’~H Jo no3HaTa 110Th TOpMIIHOM ,,peaKTaIula”)
~oja oco6y fl0HOK~J1 HaBomH ma y~nua H OTBa
~H Koje HHa’Ie no ‘man. JbymaMa Jo CT~3lO ma
nepyjy ma cy ,,rocnomapH cnoJe cym6nne”, may
CBOJHM OMHMa H 0’IHMa mpyrax n3r.nemajy xao
oco6e KOJO cy cjio6omae, ayToHoMue. rpy6a
nponaraiuia noKpehe ,,pealcTarnty”, rpy6ii no
CT~H11H nacnnTa’Ia noEpehy HH~T H Ii~KOC.
CTanonn KOjO Jo HOKO XTOO ma npoMeHH, noon
jy join OTIIOpIIHJH Ha fl~OMOH~.
Ynoaopeme IzojwLaBa onpe3HocT. AKO OMO
IiomuIH 1{H~. Ha npemanaibe 0 HaJHOBHJOJ Arnie
TH, na H~M HOKO Ka.Ke ma TO npemaname opra
HH3yje cjfllpMa Koja npouaJe cpemcTBa aa
MpIUaBThOHIO H maje TO nponaraHma a HO 3mpaB-
CTBeHO npocnehHname, MH heMo ÔHTH MIlOFO
OnpO3IIHJH y cjiymai~y OHHX KOJH H~M ce o6pa-
TO, y noc~a~pamy OHor IUTO HaM noxa3yjy.
flnaawpaiio y6et~HBathe nocTaje Mame ecDnxa
CHO. Aim Jo pc’i 0 TCMH Koja je 3a inc neoMa
Ba)KHa, Mil C~K)’11J5~M0 KoHTpaapryMein-e H
noMohy H,HX ilponepaBaMo ompzanocT
TB~21H,H KoJe cy HaM H3HeceHe. YKOJIHKO ce pa-
)IH 0 11O’IOM~ IUTO 3a nac HHJe nawiio, OH~ja He
o6pahai~io na~*cmy HH Ha )‘fl030~~1t& H0KyCHH
s~yma cy BpJiO npnjeM’mBH Ha one a~a~e KOJH
HX ynoaopanaJy ma we6a 611TH onpe3aH ca He
KOM nponaraaaoM, na 6HJla oaa eKOnOMcKa,
110ThHTH~K~ 112111 3npaBcTBella
Baicwmawtjaje op CJICTB C KOJHM CC llojacana
OT1IC~HOCT C~P~IIH3M3 upeMa IlHJJCKJjffjH. Ona
pe’ieHHua Ce M0)Ke IIpO’IHTaTH 14 xao 011140
n~y~n~aiwje oco6e fl~OTNfl ,,pl)anHx limeja”.
AKO KOJIHMO ma jemaH Cnn ~qHHflM0 OTnOp
HUM ua Moryhy nponaraumy, oco6y KoJa u~a
nJ oTan Tpe6a, npnO, 113J10)KHTH ~~~)‘MOHTHM~
!40J14 cy CyJIpOTHH oTany, a 3aTHM, TO apryMeH
94
TO Tpeba InTO HMIIpeCHBHHJO HOGUTH, yHHIIJ
THTH. To HCK~CTB0 Jo neKa npo~a ,,naKgnHe”:
oTnapa OTnOpHOcT oco6e npeMa KacHHJ0J npo
naraamw. HrnnTa HHJe panr.Hnaje om cTaBoIla
KOjH cy 4IOpMHpa}IH HCKJby’rnBO Ha umeJaMa 14
~ KOJH MM ,,Gea ocTaTxa” nmy y
ilpamOr.
COL]J4JAJIHE HPE$PACY,TkE
flpe~pacyj~e C)’ B~CT~ c~auona K0~ KO
jHX C)’ eMoflHoHaJIHa H I~CJ1~TH~ KOM
II0HOHTa BOOMS HapaaceHe, JjOK JO
KOFHHTJ4BH~ KOMU0HOHTa HCLjOBOThHO
pa3BnjeHa. flpe~pacyge ce i-iaj’iembe
HcnomaBajy ~j BH~y H3~~3HT0 Hera
THBHOP H ~ OJflIOea
npe~a ~~3flWIHTHM IIpYLUTBOHHM, Ha
UHOHaJIHHM, peSIHFHjCKHM, CThH’LKHM
H Mal-EHHcKHM rpynaMa. Kao H ocTairn
cTaBonH, npe~~pac~çge cy cTeqene y
npogec~~a couHjaJIHor y~eaa. OHe
~ory 6HTH nocjie~wua carjiauiauaa,a
ca cxsa~aau~a J~pyrHx, ca TPaJWUHO
H~JIHHM HO~M~M~ nOHamaHa 3’ OgHO
03’ Ha fl~Hfl~~HHKC flp3’FHX gpyIUTBe
HHX rpyna. CBH JEygH HHC3I JerLHaKo
CKJIOHH npe~pacy.gaMa. YTBpl~jeHa je
BeoMa cTa6HnHa HOBO3~HO0T HSMfly
nocegonama npegpacyga, C
CT~~HO, H a3’TOPHTapHOCTH H TpajuOr
ocyjehei~a JJWJHHX noTpe6a, c gpyre
crpaHe. cI~pycTpHpaHe oco6e HarOMH
.naHy arpecHEHocT ‘iecTo yCMepaBajy
Ha fl~H11~~HHKO ~3’FHX ~~~liITBOHHX
rpyna (onTyxcyjy HX sa c~oje HOBO-
me).
Eop6a JI~OTHB npe~zpacyj~a
llpegpacyge npogy6myjy nocTojehe
a ~ec~o H Haa3HBajy HOBO colwjaJule
cyxo6e. Y I~pyU1TBHMa ~i KOjHM Ha
MeuxaHo 2ICHBe npHnagHHgH paaJlHqH
THX paca, HaUHja, peslllrHja H xy.JlTy
rI
~ pa, 6op6a II~OTHB npegpacyga je
~ ~axCaH (j)aKTOp ogp2KaBama )lpymTBe
~ ~or pega H CHrypHOOTH rpflaHa. Jog
go ag cpegcTaBa Koja cToje gpyui~ny
I Ha pacfloilaralbY cy SaKOHU. ilpana
I HaUH0H~18H~L M~H,HH~ H MaJIHX CT
I ggqKHx aaje.IZHHUa Ce rapaHTyjy sa
xoHOM- ,1~pyro C~O~CTBO je zH4ap-
Mircame. Og MacoBHHx MegHja ce sax
rena na o6aBemTaBajy 0 )KHBOT3’ CBHX
gpyfflTBOHHX rpyna H 3flICHX aaJeAHH
ga, ga HH no jeZWOM COI4HJaJIHOM o6e-
~ .JJe)Kj3’ HO B~UIO .nHCKPHMHHaILHJY
I BadnHTatLe Koje Harnamana geMo
I IcpaTcKe WiH000, TonepaHulljy Ha pa
aJilfiCO H paBHonpaBHocT CBHX ,gpyiii
TBeHHX cilojena H rpyna, noMaYKe
cna6memy npegpacyga Kaje Bob no
c~oje. Hog H3BecHHM OlcOnHOemMa,
no IUTO Cy, Ha H~14MO~, 3ajegHHMKH
pag H aanarame sa aaje~HH~ICe gHibe
Be, HC[IOCPOLUIH J1’H’IHH KOHT~KF npH
nagHHKa rpyna Koje ysajaMno raje
npegpacyLle Moxce gonpHHeTH cua6-
meH~y H HecTajamy npeijpacyga.
CTABOBH H 3,flPABCTBEHA
KYJITYPA
113pa3 ,,smpaBcTheHa Kyirrypa” MO)KO CC fl~H
7.401411TH Ha flpyUlTBO 3’ IICJIHHH, Ha rpyne H Ha
noJemmwe~ ilMa mna ocHonHa sHa’Icma — 01111-
0140 H HopMaTnnHo. OrnicHo 3Haqcme H3paza
,,smpanCTneHa KyJiTypa” yKJby’iyje 3Hama, Be
ponama, 0T~BOB0 H CEO o6jiiixe noHamama KOJH
Ce HCXIOCPOIWO 143111 JTOCPCAHO 02114000 Ha
ompzaname H yuanpclflinaita 3mpanma, cnpe
‘*anama bomecni, Geme ii Heopehe i<ao H u,HxO
nor oTicnalbama 113TH y6jra~icanama, a KOJH cy y
maToM MOMCHTy KapaIcTepHcTH’IHI1 3a Jemno
mpyun-no, rp3 ny mm noJemHHua. TH Ca.apxcaJH
MO~~ 611TH sacHonaim Ha IPaJIIUIHJH, npaE
TH’IHOM HoKycThy, no3Hanamy TeKonnHa Ca
npeMcHC H~3’K0 H Cii. HOpMRTHBHO suaqeibe
yrnanHoM ronop~ 0 140mM Campx(ajHIIa, a.mii
HcKThy’IHBO ca Hay~Hor CTaHOBHUITa ny rnuy
npcuopyKa xaxo cc ipc6a noHaluam.
3mpancTnena KyJiTypa Ilopomuile, UIKOSIC H
JiOKa3iHe aajemHnue je TCMCfl, Ha KojeM CC TO
KOM merifisoTna H Mma~ocTH 4’opi.nipaJy ma
ma, cxnarama, CTaBOBH H o6nmiH nomunama
KOJH H3pazanaJy BpCmHOCHH 11 npawrfl’IHH om
Hoc noJemamia npe~a ~mpanmy a Gonecm.
V cBaEOj cpeAlHHH II0TpO6HO Jo OTaJIHO on
n~jamc npoueca ampancTEeHor npooBehHnama.
flpno, moron iXHJb Jo omsiamame up cppaoyaa
ilpeMa 3.upaaJr,y, Conccrn ii sxc~emy~ Gmio ma cc
0110 TeMeibe Ha He3Hamy 143111 Ha 11~HB~B(CHO-
0TH TpamHIIHOHaJIHHM cxnaTamHMa ii &6H’i~-
JHMB. llpyro, lmpancTBoHo npocnehHnaae
CTamHO y IIpBH utaH HOTH’1C OCHOBHR carnama
o ¶IHIIHOIWMa npaBjba H O6JIHWIM8 3,apanor
noliawama Tpehe, 3npanoTBeHO npocnehHna
Ito yxity’iyje oUaaeuiraname .ayjxu 0 Ha]HOBH
filM HaywucM H CTpyVHHM casnamilMa.
SopMnpaibe sgpaBcmemlX c~anosa
Y LI~BOM nnaiiy C~B~CMCHOF 3gpaB-
cTBeHor npocBehHBama je 4~opr.rnpa-
me n0SHTHBHHx craBoBa npe~a ‘w
HH0gHMa KOjH ogp)KaBajy H yHa
npetj3’jy 5~~~BThO H HCraTHLBHHx cm
BOBS npe~a qHHHoL~HMa KOJH yrpoxca
najy sgpanJbe, HsasHBajy Gonecr, Ge
gy H GecnoMohHact cFopMHpame
3npaBcTneHHx CTaBOB8 yicm,y~yje ye
KilaheHo pasBHjaIte KOMflOHOHTH eTa
Ba. YenajameM 0aBpOMOHHX cxnaTama
H sHama 0 sgpanmy Hacraje caaHajHa
WITH Icorl-mTHBHa IcoMnoHeHTa. Mety
THM, ga 611 cran nocrao gHHaMHqKH
‘THHHJIaII noHalilalba oco6e, norpe6-
HO JO ga ce O4~OpMH H ØeKTHBHa KOM
noHel-ITa craBa- OHa Hacraje none
SHBaIEOM HOSHTHBHHX eMOgHOHaJI
HHX peaKgHja, no InTO cy imp.
ocehame saJ~OBoJbcTBa, cHrypHOCTH,
CaMoynaxcaBaaa, ca o6pacuHMa agpa
Bar noHamama, H nonesHnameM Hera
THBHHJC eMogHoHanllHx peaxlwja, no
InTO C~ imp. ocehame cTpaxa, HOH3BO-
cHocrH, HegOB0JbHO yCiIeUIHOCTH H
cm., ca o6pacuHMa nonawama Koje je
95
WTCTHO HO 3x~paBJbe. J~enaTHy KOMIIO
H~HT~ ‘litHe MOTHBH KOJH ce ~a~oBo
maBajy 3)IpaBHM flOHaWafteM H C~MH
o6pacuH 3~~~B0P noHaulaH3a.
YcnoB 3a GnaroBpeMeso 4opMHpa-
The HO3HTHBHHX 3J~~~BCTBCHHX cTaBO
Ba je c~~apame cHTyauHja y~e~a 3’
KOjHM CC Harpatjyje 3~~~BO HO
Halual-be. Ha ripitMep, oj~ paHuX yspa
cTa ~CTCTa, pOJJj4TeJTzH ~ory Ha’WHoM
CBOr pearoBalba ~CT~J1HTH no)xeJbl-le
oGnHKe .ae~jer noHauiaFba. Ji~oBomHo
je ~ TaxBa noHamaH,a Gyjjy npo
npaheHa nOJEyrn4eM, Ml-lJIoBaFbeM, fOX
BajioM, ojiaBal-beM npH3HaFba, HCflO
maBaH,eM ~~)~OCTH H HalcJloHocTH. Ha
Heno>xemJ-la noHamal-ba He TpC6a
pearoBaTl-I CYHIJOTHUM H0CTYflUHM~
(imp. BHKOM, Kaxci-baBaTheM, npunudn
B~ThCM ThCTCTY JIOIIIHX ~a~epa Hill-I
~Y)KHHX OCO6HHa), Beh CMHpeHHM,
H3~~3HT0 ~3~~)K~HHM floHaulaFbeM.
Atco jjeTe ‘IHHH H~]JJT0 WTO je onacuo,
TaKBe H0CT3’~IK~ Tpe6a Ta’THO HMeHO
B~TH H O6jaCHHTH ~CTCT~ y ‘leMy je
onacHocT. Mo MX UOHOBH, WTO jC BeO
Ma BepoBaTito, Tpe6a noicasam 6naro
pasouapeme, flOHOBHTH o6pasjioxce-
I-ba, H3M~IMHTH o6ehait,e H 3’CM~~HTH
naxu-by J~CTCT~ Ha HeuIT0 j~pyro. ‘-lax
axo 6yAe noTpe6Ho ourrpHje Ka)x1-ba-
B~FbC H Behe sacTpawHBaxbe, HH ~aj~a
ce HC CMC fipeMa ,r~eTeTy HCrIOJSHTH
aporaHqHja, oManoBa)xaBaH,e Ft HacH
me. To je IIpHHIIHIEI Icojit B~XCH sa no
c~yname ca Th~TCTOM 6it.no ji~a M~ je
T~H Hill-I T~HH~~CT rojuiHa.
Hciixo~iomxa ua~e~ia
nponaraiwe
3npaBoTBeIIa ilponarairna je o6nax MacoBuol
3fl~~BCTBCI[OF HpOCIIehMBalba H Ha’114H npwjo
GMjalba myuw aa ojipeteue Bilnone clicTeMaT
cKor anpancTneHor o6paaonaiEa Cnaxa Hpona
raiwa, na H 3JIP~BCTBCH~, axo >icejrn ~a 6yne
96
ydudiliHa, Mopa OHm cTpy~Ho fpHflpeMJbeJJa
I-I nol~eua flpnnpeMa y1uby~yje flØHHHcaae
gnjbena, aspany nporpaMa, o6e3Oebeae cpe~
cTana, JCaJlpona H Cit. 3npaBcmeHa npoHaralu~a
IlaMemena je wipeteuoj nyGilifitH, JbyyzHMa xo
je )xenHMo ~w oOanecTHMo, na yrwie ‘n na mit
xone cTanone H nonawama. H3 lIOrJIaBJba o
y’iemy 3HaMO ija ce Men,ame foHamama H OCO
Oniia ThyIXH Monce OCTBapHTH yxoirnxo cc OMIt
ipa nponec y’ieu,a. Ynpano 3am, na
nponaraiuuiy aKnHjy nai~a rnenaTH xao na
crane npoueca y’teu,a.
fl p B 0,
nponara~y~a no~itme HPPIBJI3VCmCM
naxcme flOTeHuHjaJlHe ny6irnice Ha
o)~pebeHe nojaBe, TCMC, campxcaje yo
GilwIeHe y nponara~jwy nopyicy. Shy
mu Mopajy Hajnpe ma yo~e ma
nponara~~wa nopytca yoHifiTe JIOCTO
il-I, j~a y MHOUITB~ jipyrnx CTB~~H H
s6HBama naxcmy o6paTe 3’Hj3BBO Ha T3’
ojipebeuy nopytcy. JJ~a 6it ce TO 11OCT11-
rJlo, nopyxy ~ama II0BCSaTH Hrip. ca
YH~~JbHBHM JTHKOBHHMa H M3’3H’IKHM
eJleMeHnIMa, ca OCO6aMa H S6HBaH,H-
Ma xoja Beh npit~na~e naxcmy ny6irn-
xe. Taxo HacTajy nopyxe 3’ BI4~fl3’ OMOT~
Ha KlbHF~M~, nJIaicaTa, JieTalca, HaHOa,
TB— H pamilo-orilaca, nsjana yrjieg
HI-TX .JIH’IHOCTH, K~&TKHX 4)HJIMCKHX
penopTaxca, cno~roBa it cii.
JI~ p yr o,
~eic xama my~n yo’ie nopyxy H-oGpaTe
Ha Th3’ na)xmy, 11OCTOjH BepoB~THoha
ga he HCKH 021 H,HX HO~~K~ IIpPIMIITJ’I
11 pa3yMe rn ThCH CMHCa0. Epoj OHHX
icoj~ he sauCTa cac.nyuJaTH nirn npo
~HTaTH OHO Ha UJT~ cy O6paTHJn-I
naxcH,y H)’ TOMe npoHahn pasy~ssitny
j
nopyxy, Gi-the Behil yicojiuxo e nopytca
xpa-nca H nperJlemHa, jearpOBHTa 1-Ija-
cHa. )~yre n KOMnJIHKOBaHC nopyice
om6Hjajy ny6jimcy, a MHO~HM C)’ He-
I gpHCTYna’lHe. Thyiw HeMajy BpeMe
I-Ia, a qeCTO HI-I noTpe6Hnx npe~s~ama
~a 6ii CJIyUIaJIH myre JIeKl~Hje I-filM
~u4TanH qu~ane CTy21HJe.
I Tpehe,
Kama C)’ fl~HMHJ1H H ~~33’MCJIH flOpy
icy, ThY21H onemyjy sHa~aj nopyKe.
3Ha’laj nopyxe 3~BHCH oJ~ Tora j~a JIM
~ roflopH 0 He’ICMy IHTO je Baxcito, HITO
I icy BCSH Ca H,HXOBHM JIWJEJHM noTpc
Garia. Thyxu-t npoBepaBajy ma JIll je no
~ pyxa 3’ CKJIa~y ca BehuHoM mI-IXOBHX
~ nocTojehuX CXB~T~Th~ H paHnje CTC
qeul-Ix 3HaH,a. J~a 6H ogeHe nyGnHxe
yCMepnnH 3’ xcemeHOM npaBi~y, n p0-
HaraH21MCTH nopyxy ~BCK noBesyjy ca
HCKOM B~)KHOM noTpe6OM, MoryhHo
cntMa jja CC nplIManau npmcawce y
noxcemHoM CB~TJI~ H Cit. AKO Cy )‘ TOMC
yCneJIH, jemau npoueua~ ny6nuxe he
ce CJIO)icHTH ca flO~)’KOM ti npHxBa
ri-the je.
q e TB ~T 0,
ma Gu npuxBaheHa nopyica noc~ajia
‘HIHH.naLJ xacHlljer noHaulama, no
Tpe6Ho je ga npu~ajian 3~17~MTM 170-
pyky. PeJEaTHBHO jemi-ToCTaBMa a ~eo
Ma ycnemi-ia ~ex~uica nomcTMI1aI-ba
naMhema je j~a ce nopyica 3’ HCTOj H 3’
mpyra’lHjOj tOPMH BHWC nyTa HOHO
ml. 3wro Behe nponarang~e aRm-Tie
Tpajy myxce, ylcJby’iyjy mime Me~wja
nIlalcaTe, naHoe, pa,gito, TenenHsHJy,
ulTaMny.
He TO
CaMO oHe oco6e icoje Cf yCnemHo
flpOUhJTC icpos CEC npe~xomne crane,
moijase 3’ CuTyauujy ma ~a OCHOB3’ HO-
Be HHdnpMauHje, HOBOT’ snama oitiry
‘ryjy 0 aIczwju, ma Jut he 11OCT~11HTH
HJIH Hehe HOCT3’HHTH tia cyrepitca~u
HaquH. OpraHusaTop riponaraxime Ha
CTOjH ma HM 3’ TOMC IjoMon-le TaKO mTO
OHO sa 111Th CC sana>~e ‘WHit 21OCTyU-
HI-TM. Ha npit~ep, H~~BCHTHBH~ aicgit
je lcOjHM je sa UHJJ, pa~a mHjarHosa
neicux o6omema opraHilayjy ce no ~a
CeibilMa, y npemyaehnMa, mxoiia~a H
Cit. Jlaxuie HaGaBmame nponarHpa
HHX npllpy’IHHKa, cpemcTBa sa xnru
jelly, HCXpaHy, pexpeatlHjy H CiT.
noc~uxce CC Hnp. npomajoM no CaMo
nocnyra~a H TeJIed)0HCKHM nopyu6t-
HaMa.
flHTAFBA H 3A,I~ \flH
1. HpHceTnTe cc CTBB~H H aKTHBHOCTH KOje øy mc He
Kana HHTC~CCOH~.JIC H YIIOPCMHTC HX ca CTB3~HM~ H ax
THBHOCTHM KO~c nac cairn HilTepecyjy. lcaicne cy
npoMene? no nauie~ Mrnumewy, aanrro Je go
110 111-110?
2. floxabwre ~uxony. Icoje HKTHBHOCTH 3’ B(~3H Ca 1111(0-
31CM naC HBpIISHTO HuTepecyjy, a Koje H3~~3HTO He HH
repecyjy?
3. Kaxan Je Barn CThB npeMa flOJCMHHHM npenMemMa?
flpoueinne CnOj craft Ha CK~flH 1—11, ~ ‘eMy ,,1”
Bliaqil,, H3~33HT0 HeraTHnaH”, a ,,11” 3Ha’lH ,,HIpallwro
BOIHTHBIIH” cTan. Hapa’iyliajTe ,,npocex’. ma JIH je TO
npn5srnxdno Ta~na nponena namer onmrer clam upe
Ma UIKOJIH?
—
BC 0 a: Hopa3roaapajTe Ha TeMy: ,,21a 3m ibyMH JIaxo
MeH.ajy cnoja ynepeHaV’ HoxyluajTe na HaBCJICTC
npHMepe fl~0MCBC cranona 14 ~a yrnpgHTe 3arnTo je ~t0
npoMeHe 110111310. HpOHaI)HTe H 11~HMC~C 3a cHaxil 011
TpK OBHCaHa iw~a~a og6pane nocTojelmx cTanoaa.
ICoja ogOpalla je, no name~ MH11h3I~eH~y, HajØHKadHH
ja?
97
I

I III. JIHqHOCT:
II OPFAHH3ALJHJA
HCHXH~KOF
)KIIBOTA

HoHaluame xao n3pa3

oco6llHa JIFNHOCTH

9. CTpynypa
10. ,I4HHaMHKa JTH~HOCTH
11. Pa3noj JIHMHOCTH
12. Teopllje HWfflOCTh
13. IlpoMelle H nopeMehajH
JlyffleBHOI’ )KHBOT~ H
HoHaIHaTha

HOHAHIAFLE KAO H3PA3
OCOI3HHA JIH’THOCTH
Y fl~CTX0~HHM nor~ia~mu~a 6nno je
penn 0 nojegMHMM B~CT~M~ rICH
XM’IKMX npoueca, OCO6MHa H CTaHa.
PonopHiul CMO 0 ca3Haj HUM, CMOLIHO
HanHUM H M0THB~LIHOHUM nojaBaMa
KaO ~~JIaTHBHO C~M0CT~JIHHM JjeJlO
BHM~ MOBeICOBOr UCHXH9KOF )KHB0Ta.
fipH TOM~ CMO 3’ nume Maxona HCTH
uann T~H BCOM~ 3HauajHa MOMeHTa.
HpBo, flCHXH~IC~ nojaBe HOCTOje jegil
HO K~O cagpzajw rICHXI4IIICOr EHEOTa
KOHKpCTHI4XJCflHKPI, 6Hno ga je pe~
O JLYJWM~ UJIH )IdllBomFbaMa. ,E~pyro,
IICHXHMKI4 )KHBOT ~onexa je ClIOxceHa,
,zzJnHaMHqHa H tJJYHKLZHOH2JTHS LieJill
~a, a ue C1C~H ~aite MimI BHWe pa3uo-
~0AHHX nojana Icoje ce Ognlljajy
H~3~BHCH0 jegHe og gpyrHx. Tpehe,
Mfly mygu~a nocToje nejrnice HHflH
BHR~~JTHC pa~~inice 3’ cTeneHy paaBH
jeHOCTH nojegHi-lux flCUXH’IICHX OCO—
6HHa H y HaqHHuMa H,HXOBOr 11db-
maBaH,a. LIeJIOBHTOCT H HF~gHnHgyan
HOCT ncuxwucor )KHBOT~ ‘loBeKa O3Ha-
‘I~BaMO [IOJMOM JIHqHOCTH.
Y nol-Iauiamy cnaice oco6e MO)KCMO
YO~HTH H3BCCT~H CTCflCH )TOCJICRHO
CTII. fflro cy cHTyaguje y ICOJHM ocoGa
gejlyje CJIH’IHHjC, TO jC H gOCJIegHOCT
H~eHor no~auiama Hapa>Icern-Ija. 4~o-
CJ1C~HOCT nOHauIaH,a T3’M~~IHMO no
3H~K ga oco6a nocegyje ogpel’JeHe
oco6HHe H ga cy Te OCO6HHe TpajHe.
3aKmy’IaK o nocegonai+.y OCO6HHa
OMoryhyje H~M ga H~C~BH~HMO ga he
100
ce oco6a H y6ygyhe noHaulaTH Ha
HCTH HJIH CJIH~aH HaqHn. Kog HCKHx
r flocToje HH gna qoneica ‘mija GM no
oco6a )1OCJIeJ~HOCT noHaulaH,,a MOZe
npel’m 3’ K~3’TOCT HuH ~HPH~H0CT 110-
HauJaH,a (imp. icaga neico ynpicoc
oqHrrLegHnM qnH,eHHu~aMa Hehe ga
H~OM~HH cnoje MHmmeme HflH Hehe
ga ogyc~a~e og noi-iamama icoje je no
CT~J10 HecnpdncxogHo, ~o~cga H U1T~-
THO). Y T~KBHM cuiy’iajeBnMa J~OC
JIegHOCT noHaman,a ylcasyje Ha nego
CTaTaK HSBCCHHX oco6Hna, imp. ciio
CO6HOCTH yBH1~ama H CIIOGO6HOCTH
y~e1-ba.
Haico ce no~auiame ocoGe cacTojH
113 6pojHHx H ~~3HOB~CHHX aIcrHBH0-
0TH, y me~y yo~ana~o H3Be0TaH ore
rICH jefihificTRa HJIH onmTe noBesa
BOOTH. HojegHua’me aICTHBH0CTI-i ce
He jaBmajy H~C~MW1HO H He ogBHjajy
ce xaoTH’rno. Y no~auiamy enaice oco
6e IIOCTOjH H3BC0T~H peg, BehH Him!
MaIEH CTerIeH cnpcHcXogHooTH icoja
nol-Iauiamy gaje cMHcao. Ha OCHOB3’
TaKBHX 3ana)ICaH,a 0 HoHamaThy, H3BO-
~HM0 gna 3HaMajHa aaIcJby~Ica: (1) cBa
rca oco6a nocegyje He C~MO jegHy mm
HeK0JIHICO 0006HHa Hero B~JIHI~H 6poj
pa3JlH’mTHX 0006HHa H (2) c~e 0006H-
He jegHe oco6e cy Mehyco6uo noBesa
He U O~F~HH3OB~HC y JegHHCTBeH
CHCTeM. JegHUCTRO dnoJbaIUH,er no
HauIaH,a, gaicjre, 3’3HM~MO rcao aHaic je
gHHcTBa ynyrpamme opraHHaauHje
JIH’IHOCTH. Hojana neumicnx onpe’rno
CTH y no~auiamy yIcaayje ga je Ha
pyiner-io j ~~HHCTBO flCHXH’IIcor cHcTe
Ma, ga gosia~~ go gesHHTerpauHje
JIHqH0CTH.
Hopeg icaparc~ep~o~mca icoj e cy 3a-
jegHH’nce 3a oBe Him! H3BeCTaH Gpoj
.mygH, y nonamarty onaice ooo6e jan
majy ce H T~KBC IcapaicTepHoTifice no
ICOjUM Ce Olifi pa3Jrnxyje og CRUX gpy
rHx ooo6a, na H OHW( JcojHM je Haj
CJ1H’IHHja. )~pyra’1Hje pe~eHo, He
8aWaH~a y cne~y 6HJIa HCTOBeTHa.
flonamaite Cnalcor ~oneica je oco6e-
Ito, jegHHCTBeHO, uHuje HuH-i Mame pa
3JJH’IHTO og nouamama gpyrHx mygn.
Ba OCHOB3’ rora SaKJby’iyjeMO: (1) ga
03’ ncHXH~1ce 0006HHe cnaicor qoneica
opraHHaOBaHe Ha cnegHcj’H~aH Ha
‘IHH, IHTO MY gaje1ne’{aT HeflOHOBJbH
Be 000GeHooTH HuH ndnxonoiulce
1WgHBHJIyaIIH0OTH H (2) ga je 3Ha-
qeH,e dRaKe nojegHHa’IHe 0006HHe
ogpel’JeHO 1-EeHUM MecToM y yKynHoj
opraHH3aUHiH odoGllHa U IcapaicTe
poM mernix ne~a ca gpyL’HM oco6HHa-
Ma- ,L~aicne, He d~M0 H-ITO J4CTC 0006HHe
icog pa3JiH’IHTHX oco6a MOF3’ Girm op
raHHaOBaHe 3’ pa3J1HMHTe cxjlonone
Hero H jegHa HoTh ocoGuHa, 3aBHcHo
go clcnona 3’ KojeM ce HaJIa3H, go6Hja
pa3JIH’IHTa 3Ha’IeTha. Ha npn~ep, aico
je jegHa ocoGa aM6HLxHoana H Hdlcpe
Ha, a gpyra aM6irnHo3Ha H nogMyKJIa,
BeJIHICH cy HSrJIegH ga 03’ y nnraH,y
gne ~~3JIH~HTC aM6HUHO3HOCTH. Be
ponaTHo her~o npeTnocTanHTH ga no
cToje U gpyre 3HaMajHe pasui~~e
H3Mfly JIHMHOCTH THX gnejy ocoSa.
YKpaTICO, JIH’IHOCT je jeITHHCTBCHa
opraHz3aw4ja FICHXWIICHX oco6HHa
ICOJ~ Ce krcHOJ&aaa 5’ R0cJTCJIHOCTII, je
AWHCTBY H OCO6CHOCTH rIoHawama
oco6e.
Hpo6uier~iii icoje 113y’Iana neUxoJioflhja
JmqfloeTll
Y Hsy’iaBamy JIHqH00TH Moryhe j e pa
ajifficonaTH T~H ocHonHa npHoTyfla:
cTpyrcTypanHcTH’UCH, gHHaMH~IcH H
pa3BojHH. OHH ce Gane HCTHM
cagp,IcajUMa, caMo HM npnc’rynajy Ha
pa3JiH’IHTe Ha’IHHe. CTpyrcTypaim
CTH’IKH npucTyn ~para sa OCHOBHHM
geJIoBHMa Huh ,,eJIeMeHTHMa” JIHMHO
0TH. YJIora nix eJIeMeHaTa 3’ noxpeTa
ny H O6JIHK0BaThy aKTHBHOOTH ocoGe
je npeg~e~ grniaMwncor npHcTyna.
PaSBOjHH rI~HCT3’fl 3’ 11~)BH nuIaH cl-aR-
ma npoi~ece KOjH gonoge go (j)OpMH
pama nojegHHHx CT~3’I~T3’~HHX KOM
II0HeHTH MHMHOOTII H .JiHqHocTH y i~
MHHH.
flcHxonornja .JIHqHO0TH ce npBeH
CTBCHO 6aBH npoy~aBaTheM CTpyicTy
pe, ~HH~MHICC H paanoja JIH’THOOTH
H0pMaJTHC, 3,!zpaBe H 5’ apyLFITBeE)’
C~C1WHy HHTerpHcaHe oco6e. OHa ce,
MehYTHM, GaBU H npo6.neMHMa ,,aô
HO~M3J7HC nHqHocTfr’, Ti. 6anH Ce
cTpyIcTypHHM, ~HH~MH~KHM H pasBoj
HUM acneicTHMa HacTajama MaitHx
HuH BehHx nopeMehaja y ncHxHqlcoM
)KHBOT3’ H 3’K3’HHOM 4~yHIcUHoHHcaThy
ocoGe. HHTepec sa npoy~aBame,ueBJ-r
jaHTHHX H )TaTOROWICHX IxojaBa TeMe
ThU ce Ha HeIcOJIHICO pasiiora. Hpno,
noulTO cy one ncaxwnce 000GHl-ie ftH
MCH3HOHEJTHe (icaga cy npHcyTHe, MO
ry GHTH H3pa>KeHe 3’ pa3JIHMHTOM
cTeneHy), TO H OflUIT3’ 0006HHy HOp
MaJIHOCT- aãHopMauHOeT MO~~MO oxBa
THTH xao JCOHTHH3’yM Ha KOJCM ~e no
CTOjH ourrpa H H~H~OM~HThHB~ rpa
HHU~ USMfly icaTeropHje ,,HopMan
Hor” H ,,a6nopMaumor”. Pe’i je 0 K0H-
THH3’yMy Ha KOJ~M, nopog excTpeM
HHX U MaH,e-BHule qHOTHX O6JJHKa,
HocToje U MHO~H npesiasnu H KOMGH
HOB~HH o6nHgH. )Ipyro, ca HanpeT
KOM Hay’iHOr casHama. 0 ncHXH’IIdHM
nojanaMa H rI~OMCHOM gpyIJJTBeHHX
ycuona, Memajy ce H KpHTepHjyMH Ha
OCHOB3’ lcOjHX ce oueibyje ,,HopMauI
HocT-HeHopMairnocT” nojegHHmc oG
.nmca noHamama U goxcHBmaBaTha.
Tpehe, onoibamme 0IC0iJHOOTH Mory
gonecTU go npHnpeMeHor janmaiba
go)IcHBJbanama H geJ1onaH~a xoje nsjra
314143 o~nnpa 3a oco6y yo6HqajeHor H
no nalcehHM icpnTepHjyMflMa HopMauI
Hor noHamama. To sHaqil ga ce H icog
HOpMaJIHHX oco6a gory nojaBuTH
101

icpahn nepHowl 3’ KOJHM HJHXOBO 110-
Hamalbe H JIpACHBJEaBaH,e npHBpeMe
i-b ,i~o6nja )~eBHjaHTne H naTojiomice
icapaxTepHoTaKe. t{eTBpTo, ynpa~o
Taj 6irncicn JJ~O~XHP H0~M~JIH0~ H naTO
nomKor je apr’yMeHT 3a cx~a~ame ~a
je nanpe~iaic y pasy~e~amy jenj-rnx
noBesan ca H~fl~CTKOM y pa3yMeBai-Ly
J~pyrHX.
Cpe~Hwmy ocy oxo Icoje cc icpehe
pa3~oj IIcHx0JIOLUKHX caniama 0 H~
BeIXeHHM adneKTHMa FYHKUHOHHCaI-ba
JIH’{HOCTH ‘IHHC TeopUje RI’PTHOCTi-I.
Ca itn~a cy Tecno noBe3aHe MCTO~C
Hsy~aBaH~a nHqHOcTH.
102
~u~eceTaK ro)1HHa KaonHje, ffle~on (W oraBKe na TCJICCH3 cipyicrypa Ojipeijyje inn
9. CTpyKTypa .JUIMHOCTII 11. SheId01~ 1899—1977) pa3Bno Jo THIIOJIOIIIK)’ HOCT oco& Pa3JIHJcouao Je T~H mna TCJICOHO
reopHJY HHqH0CTH xoJa noJlaaH 011 flpOTflO xoHcTHTyIwje If WH THIIa TeMHepaMeHTz
THH
THU BHCHHa
TeMnepaMeHTa
-rene~~~ K0HCTHTYUHJC.
EIL4OMOPeIIH r 0,79 BI-fCLAEPOTOI-XHWi-IN
HajnosHanlja IIPHKa3H cTpyKType pa3nHJeH CTOMBIC, Onyurreun, CMOUHOHBJIHO
JIH’IHOCTH ~ory CC nO~enHTH y Hexo~ Teno MCKO H iao6meHo, ypaBHoTe)KCHH;
JIUKO rpyna, 3aancno 0)~ Tora 3’ ‘leMy I(O0TH He)KHe, ripaKTII~Hr1, JIPyUJTBCHII,
MHUJIIhH HepaanHJeIrH, ToncpaHTHH, OCChaJHH,
RHAC OCHOBHC CJICMCHTC CTpyxType
pyKe H HO~C cpl1a~rm, BOne HC)KHOCT
JWqHOCTH. ,L~ox C)’ j egHH TC ClieMenTe
Cpa3MCPHO MBJIQ H ollo6paBalLe,
HaJTa3HJIH 3’ TeilecHof KOHCTHTyL(Hjir, Bone )1~ jeJ~y.
~pyrii C)’ HX Ha.na31-UIH 3’ TChfflCP~MC~
Ty, crIoco6HocTuMa, icaparrepy Hill! ME3OMOPWHH r = 0,82 COMA TOTONPTh’HH
CBCCTII 0 ceUu. CHa)KBH K0IIITaFIH H Eueprwniu, arpedHUHil,
MHIIIHIIUH CHOTCM, Teno TaKMwIapH, Bone pa~uiq
‘IBPCTO, BHJEJbHBa BKTHBHH, arlanTypueTH;
KoHl~HrypauHJa MHHIHhB, TC)KC MObil, IIOMHHaUHJH;
TEJIECHE OCOEFIHE 14 JIH’{HOCT ruHpoKa paMena, oone 4rn3H~Ke BC)K6C
jje6ena KO)RB, JBKO rpy6il MBHHpH,
HpeTnocTanxa 0 HOBC3aHO0TH TeireoHe KOH IIOTKO)KHO TKHBO HCTaKTH ‘11111,
CThT3’IIHJO H IICHXH’IKHX 000GHHa 6nna Jo no- 6eiocehaj H H.
Boll 3~ HOKOJIHKO TOOpHJCKH neoMa aM6H-
IIHO3HHX HCTpaKHBaH’a. Ha ocnouy KIm PJCTOMOPeRN r = 0,83 IJEPEBPOTOHIIWHN
irwucnx nooMarpama, KpeaMep (E. Kretschmer, ~rH )‘JIOOH, YBnpwauH, BaTnopeuH
1888 —1964) joni Jo 1921. ro~mie oniicao ‘iempn TCJIO TaHK0 H caMoKoHTpona
Ti-lila .TIH’IILOCTH K0JH omronapaJy 0)ipebellfl)4 NCIIOB0JEHO MHIIJHtBBO, oCeTn,HBH; cKn0NH
,,nmocuaD’ paaMHLllJLaH.)q
mnounMa TO11~CHO KOHCTHTYIIHJC. Y IIHK uemy6aaHH; BOB~MCHH 3’
rpyJlHH KOHl H
HWTKH THH cupcrao Jo ocoGe xoje HMajy xpaTKe ce6e, unaBle Ce jarnlHx
KB~JIHMHH nojac,
ynoue, xojo cy jieGene n 3)leilaCTe. YTBPJIHO Je Teno He)KH0 CHTyaUHJB Bone CaMohy.
j~a }5HX xapaicrepmue OKITOHOCT narJmM npo
Mena~a ooehama, CMCH*lBalhe MaHIPmHX H lie YKpaTKO, oco6e CHAOMOp(~HC rpabe (Ae6ene H oxpyrnacTe) go6pohygne C)’ H C~MO~BC~CHC, 110K 03’ oco6e ca
H~OCHBHHX padnoaioHcena Y aCTCHWIICW TWIT MesoMopc~lloM rpafloM (MHuiHhaue H yrnacTe) CH~~~H9HC H caMoynepeue, a OHC Ca CKTOMOP4)HOM rpatOM
cuporao Je uftooxe H ~piuaue ocobe. Y ncnxo (BHCOKe ~f Mpulaue) ySllp)KaUe, BOB~9CHC 3’ (26C, CKJ1OH~ yNeTHocTil. V emapH, pe’l je caMo 0 y0BmTeHHM
.IIOHIKOM floFIlelly TaKBC oco6e cy cKJione )1HCB- TeHIIeHIIHjUMB. OgcTynaH~a C)’ BenHKa H ‘I~CTB. Ha OCHOB)’ caMe renecue rpfle He MOK~ CC BOYSA1WO YTBPIIHTH
IWM camapemy, nounaMerby Wi mpyurrnenwc KOje 0)’ IIOMHHBHTHC OC06HHC JIHLH400TH.
ojznoca, GeKamy 011 OTBapHOOTH. OcoGe xoJe je
HajoTapuja llo3HaTa xJIacwjrnKauHja rllan
cupcTao y XIIIIOIIJIllCTWIHH Bill, TeJiecHo C)’
HHX upon HIm THfl0B~ reMllepaMeHn R0TH’Ie
cna6o pa3nHJeHe H YCJi~11 TOra cy OKJIOHe ,,KOM
TLJICKC3’ HHd~epHopnoom”. 31 a~iiercxcsc mm TEMITEPAMEHAT 011 rp~~or c~HJlo304)a H iieicapa XimoKpaTa
(xdnneo 011 OKO 460. lxO OKO 377. ro~iime ripe
cupci-ao Jo oco6e xoJe HMajy nponopiiHoHaimo
XPHCTa). AHTI4’IKH iiexap ranea (oxo 130 —200.
9 JJ~~BHJIH0 pa3BHJeHo TOJIO, a KOjO C)’ 3’ HOW Cnorcaj OCOGHHa xoje FOBO~C o ycTa romrme upe XPHCTa) jao je T0j TH110JIOrHJH
XOJIOIIIKOM IIOFJ1O11)’ ThKOI)O H3~~3HT0 ypauiio ThCHOM Ha’IHHy eMouHoHa.nHOr pea
~e~cene ~ CTaGHJIHC. KaomiJe npouepe cy
o6imic omuje nonxo~z6g#<e ,eopi-ije. ilpeMa
ro~ama jegne oco6e Ha o6jexTe, XHnoxpaTy H raneny, 3anHcHo 0J~ TOra Koja 011
noKa3ane ~a Je nollylIapHocT TOJIOOHHX KapaK
CnTyauHJe H CRC oCTane npc~e ca ‘rempu EpcTe TCJICCHHX Te’mocTn 3’ opraiflIa
TOpHCTHKa H TICHXH’IKHX ocoOmia 0 KOjoJ ro
irnpn lCpe’rMep, BeoMa Maila.
zlpxcaja C KOJHM ~oiiasn 3’ HCfl0CpC~LHH M3’ npeou~ia1jyje, paajlnlcyjy ce aeTHpn BpCTe
,gogHp, nasn~a cc TeMliepaMeHaT. TeMHepaMeflfl icoJIepH’WI-f (npeounabyJe ;xy
103

Ta xcy’I, caHrIItlIlIflhTHl (upeorniflyje IcpB), MCJIaR
xoiiwnm (apeorniflyje i~pna Nyti) H ~ieniam’ntn
(npeorniflyje cJiy3, 4rnenm).
Kosiepwwu THAT TeMrlepaMeuTa HM~ ocoGa
‘inja cy ocehama npeTe,KHO aenpajaTHa, ana
upilo ciraxuia, 8p30 ce MelbaJy H oTnopenO
HdnomaBajy. Thynn TOT THfl~ naxo cc ynylaTa
jy y axultjy, .naKo CC H ‘ICOTO CMOflHOHaJTIbO y3-
6y~yjy. 36or narrnix H fl~~TCX(HO neraTunno
o6ojcnnx eMow4oIraJurnx peaxuaja ‘ICCTO no
iia~c y cyxo6 ca ~pyrHM ThymaMa.
CaurBuzrnqazr THAT TeMnepaMeiLTa aMa oco
Ga MHja C)’ ocebalba npeTexato nenpa H OflTH
MHCTWHIa, 3JIH C)’ CnaGHjer HHTCH3HTeTa,
6p30 Ce oMelbyjy H OTB0~C1iO acnomanaJy. He
ra~nnite eMonaje C)’ H3~~3HTO zpaTxoTpajne,
Gpao npcnaae y pa3nwrnTa nosaTanhia pacno
stox<ei~a. Taxnc oco6e cy noronlie aa capasur.y.
Mc.nasixo.irnvau THU TeMnepaMeHTa cpehe
MO 1(011 oco6a KOJO II~CTC)K1I0 pearyjy jaxHM H
TMypIrnM ocehamnr~ia Koja ce neoMa cnopo MC
majy a yraianiio~ ocTajy 3aTBopeua. TaKDe
oco6e cc TeWKO oLUiy’iyjy, yraianno~ cy no
ny~ciie H 3aGpHlIyTe.
EPJICrM3TWI3II run ~c~nepa~eii~a HMajy
ocoGe Koje cc olurnKyjy OHTHMHJMOM H BeiIpH
IbM xoja je BeoMa cna6or H1ITeIL3HTCTL Iba
xona ocehalha cc cnopo Mcmajy a npno M~J1O
ncnomanajy. encrMaTn’me oco6e lienyjy MHp
Ito, cTano>iccito. Ebuxouc eMOlIHOJIaJIHe peax
IIHJC C)~ cnclpe, ~CTKC H cjia6e.
Ranac cc c~arpa ga opraHexy
ocnony ‘reMnepaMenTa ‘Inne nereTa
THBHH nepnnn CH0TeM H )KJI~3fl~ ca
yHyrpammnM .ny’IemeM. flourro je
e~nepa~ena TecHo nonesa~ ca re
H~TOKHM ‘IHHHognMa, OCO6HHe TeM
nepaMeHra KapaxTepHcTH~He 3~ 0)1-
pe~eny oco6y jaBisajy ce neh na pa3-
HHM y3paCTMMa. Kog Mane geixe
yo~m~ne cy nHgnBHgyanHe paannice
3’ 6p~HHH, dH~3H H TpaJamy eMOgHO
i-&a.nnnx peaxgHja na npHjaTne HEM
HenpHjaTHe )10)KHBThaje. ToxoM ogpa
oTama, flog yTHLzajeM couajanHor
y~ema Memajy ce na’WHH ncnomana
ma e~ogno~anunx peaxuHja. )~ere
y’w icaga H rge eMouHonanHo pearo
104
I
name mije HOX(cJbHo, 3’ KOjMM .dflTya
gujaMa H ua KOjH H~MMH Tpe6a:noIca.
3HB~TH Oape~eHe eMoizaje. Ojzpac~iè:
oco6e y H~ICHM dilTyalu-IjaMa yr~xan.
MoM pearyjy cno6o~Ho H CH0HTaH0, y
,zzpyrnM fl~KJbHBO KOHTpOJIMIII3’ cnoje
pealcullie II .gajy MM COuHjaJlHO flpHX
BaTThHB3’ 4lopMy. MflyTMM, o~e pane
HHWIBH)~Y~JIHC pasn~xe 3’ 6pmnn,
CH~3M H Tpajamy eMoflHoHaJIHHx pe
aicunja H game OcTajy yoMmune n
oci-rona cy icsiacHcJ)HIconama oeo6a y
‘IeTnpH onHcana Tilna TeMnepaMeHTa.
CMOIUbQ.40
CMOUWO’
EPIO crio~o
$1 JAK KQ$1EPKNM4 I MEJwc~q*f•w1
~I —1TEMEP~NEKTF---
~ ChAt CAWBi~ib*~K
QTBCf€HO 3AT&PEt~3
HcOomtFbe OM~S
CJIHKL9.1. III CM2TCKH npuxa3 ‘lempu ocuonna nine
TCMUC~3E CEVi H oco6uiia KOJe HI o.gpeflyjy
Kana cc oco6rnw TeMnepaneuTa nocMaWa
jy y couajaJmHM cifryallajaMa H OJIIIOCHMa,
o6a~no cc npHMemyjc jcmaa npyra Tanojiorn
ja no xojoj cc pa3naxyjy CKCT~~BC~Tfflt H aR
rpanepmu mn. Oco6e Koje cnanajy y -
CiCC7~&tiC~THH THU oTnopeno acnoa~anajy eno
ja ocehan,a, .naxo crynajy y IcoRTalcTc canpy
THM .%ynHMa, na H OHHM KOje HenoBoshHo
no3aajy. ORe CH~)KHO Hcnoibanajy onoja
ocehama, ana ocehama C)’ aM npoMemnana a
‘IcoTo nonpnna Taxne oco6e cy npeTcxno ne
ccne, ooTanibajy ymcax xpaGpoóm a onrn
MJI3MU. Y HmpancpTHn mm cnanajy ocoSe xo~
Kojax Td HOTd oco6aHe uMajy cynpotan cMep:
QHe cy 3aTnopenc, nony’ieae, pc3epnacaac,
orpanaMaBajy ccy HcnoJbatamy oceham~,.ajtn
mnxona occhãma cy ny6oxa a rpajna. Tásaie
acoGe cy MHpne, aenyjy onpe3no, y3IrMaJy y
o6~ap H oiiy MEl-be ilpajaTny CTpaHy cnera
wi-o cc )Ieuiana
Bynyhu LW pa3naxyje caMo nna ,,Tana” my
~n, ona TI4nonoraja je neo~a rpy6a, jep alum
BanyanHe pa3Jiaxe y OTnopeHocTa eMonao
gajiHor nonainama rn.iajy Mirore npenaane MO
11aJIHTC, a RH cne ocoGe cc y CBHM CHTyalpljaMa
~ noHaulajy ynex OTBOpdHO, OIIHOCHO 3aTnO-
pORO. 3a BetiaHy myna cc ~o,xe peha i~a cy
,,aM6Hneprna”, na HMajy o6ene~ja o6a Twin.
CrLOCOBHOCTI4
ilpeMa npc~a~a aKTHBHocTn y KOJHM
~jonaae go n3pawcaja, cn0006aooTn ce
Mary HOgeJIIITH y gne nejrnxe cxynn
~e. Jeguy Ha3HBaMO cel-R0M0T0pHHM,
a .gpyry HHTeJIeICTyaJIHHM cnoco6i-io-
cTHMa. PlnTepecoBame nouxonora 3a!
nc~paicnname crroco5nocTH TeMemu
ce Ha oJzeHn 0 H,Hx0B0M ana’iajy 3a
ycrie~uno o6asmame pa3HHx axTnB
1-100TH, H na ynepemy ga cy cnoco6no-
0TH Hexa BpOTa ncHxoJIoLUJce ,,00HO-
Be” jaxo oMoryhyje pa3Boj 00-rant-tx
aonejcaa .flH~Hocfl1 H na xojy cc
,,00nan,a” YK3’IIHa CTpyICTypa JIH’IHO
0TH oco6e. Ha flpHMep, TeopajoicH H
HCTPa&ZHBa’IKH je gOxa3ano gaje pa3-
floj eeHaoMoTopHHx 0n000GHOCTH
,,flpeTXOgHHga” pa3noja HHTeJIHreH
Lu-tie, a paanoj nHTennrenuHje je
,,npeTxogHrn~a” pasnoja MOpaJIHOOTH
(MopaJmlor ona~icaH,a, MHmmeH,a,
cy1~jema, ronopa H noHaulama), pamo
ja CHOTCMa Bpegnoo-ra H HOpMH. Y3
era, one je BHWe HOTPaACHBaMKHX goxa
sa ga 4~yuxunoHanHa BpeJ~HOCT ono
co6HooTH 3anHcH 0)1 IcapaxTepa
ocanHx 000614Ha J114’1HOCTH C KOJHM
cy HOBeSaHe. ,Lja JIH he imp. HHTeJIH
renunja O0TB~~HTH OBOj Moryha
,,y’innax” H y Kojoj o6Jzacnr aIcTHBno
0TH he ce Taj y’mHalc HCHOJLHTH, He
3aBHdH caMo 0)1 HHTenHrenuHje Hero
H 0)1 ocTaru~x 000GflHa ~ o~
—
THBa, HnTepedonama, flpnxnahe
BpegHO0TH H ~pymTneJ-J~~ HopMH.
Yenex KojH mygn flodmzy y ne
)1HHHM aKTHBHOOTHMa TecHo je none-
SaM ca nocegonan,eM o)1ronapajyhHx
dflOdOGHodTfl Cn0006uocTn flHdy go
BOJ5aH, aiiM dy Heonxojlan YdJIoB
ycnemnodTn O006~. flodTanma ce flH
Tame: Kaican yT~uaj Ha ocTane J.XpTe
JIH’IHOOTH H .JIH’IHOCT 3’
,qozHBjsaj ydilexa, QIEVIC2Me ce6e sac
ycneiu~e oco6e, O)1HOCHO .itoXsxnuz~aj
Heydliexa, o.ua.’nme ce6e no ney
cuenme ocoEe? flcmcoiiosn cy ce
SaHnTepeconaiu4 sa To nilTame H yT
B~)1HJ1H 03’ ga y’iedTanocT 1101(ffflJJ2aja
ycriexa (sijrz Heydaexa) y ne~
na)lcHOj aKTHBHO0TH, flo TMTO 03’ Hnp.
IUKOJICKO y’Ieme, 3~HHM~H,~ H )KHBOT y
nOpogagil, YTH’IO na 4lOpMHpafl,e H
Memame Benuxor Gpoja up-rn JJH’Ino
0TH.
Yonewac ocoGe onp,xanajy CBoje acnapa.
IIHJd Ha peannoM annoy, ynopaomhy a Map
manomhy cannananajy pacxopaic H3Me~y
Te>KHHe aaJIaTKa a pacnono,xanax CnOCO6HO-
cm a 3Haa.a, flocTiEnlyTe ycuexe H eneinyaaz
HC nonpeMdne HdyCnexe KOpHCTC npneHcTne
HO xao HHd2OpMallajc 0 CBOJHM chocoGnocmMa
a ~aama~a. Taxne ocoGe ilocenyjy nOnOThHo
caMonoyanama na Mory 6am OGjCKTHBHH xpa
Ta’Iapa concTneaor noaaniama. Ycncx y
na)KHoj alcmnaocm SaJIOBOJI,ana mapa xpyr
JIH’IHHX noipe6a Tpajua HeyCuensHocT aMa
cynporae ØCKTC, ‘I~CTO jolt! a3paacelmjc.
Heycneca xoja Ce ynopno noH2nJbajy Ha
ronemranajy ocehame game BpC~HOCTH H
ocehame Gecnopjohaocm. To cy caaaaaa xoja
Ha jenHa oco6a ne xeirH na npHxnam. Oaa
pasnaja cTpaTcrnje KojaM he cnoje ja SamTa
THTH on ry6wrxa ca~ononi~onama. ICoM6aHo-
naa.eM paajm’nrrax Mexaxmnana on6pasie (o
lcojHM je Gano ronopa y norilanj-ny 0 MoTmIa
uaja), ocoGa Cd Hajnaiiie wynn na aninTirra cc-
Ge on Oudne 2W je neonocoGan. 3am
CacTeMaTcxa yapoxe Hcycncxa naJia3H 3’ 01(0-
naHa, 3’ npyraM oco6ana, y cmuajy HenoBom
HHX OKOJIHOCTH, 3’ CBOM XpoHwmOM ,,Gaxcya
105
Jtyxy”. J~o6py ojjbpauy ;~aJia~u y CBOjHM no
lpe6aMa, Monnn4Ma, HhITcpeeOnalhHMa H npy
fliM flFIIIaMHMKHM 0006H1IaM& I-Ia npuMep,
oJwBalbe ajixoxojiy MO)Ke 6HT14 cOuNjanhlo
npMxBaTJbMB ,,anii6a” 3a iteycriex y nocny
Huh Gpaxy, a flIMO 11 iia’rnu pace n36erne cwi
name 0 nemocTamy OU0006HOOTH 3a IIOCJIOBITIi
ycnex Will ydnemait 6paK. JEyrni ~a>~y ma cy
HO)KHBCJtH ireycuex j0P JIHCY XTCJIH YOHOX ,,flO
OBaKy itcHy”. HeKam MM ce ‘rnmi ga cy HaryGH
JIM rnrTcpecOnahbe sa uia~y aKTMBH0OT, IC CC
BHWC H140y MM TpyJuurn.
YKpaTKO, CKJ1~AT iiins HecKilall 113-
Meijy CITOCO6HOCTH, C Je,L~HC, H OCT11-
.irnx ocoãHHa (jwcnornwija) mi ‘rHo
CTH flO ILK TO C)’ limp. MOTHBH, HHTCpC
CORal-ba, CT8BORH H BPCATHOCTH, C ,Ltpy
PC CTpaHe, ~RCJIHKO yTH’Ie najape Ha
~CT11JLHB11ThC HOJCflHHX cUp 113111W no
~azuama, a 3L2THM H H3 ~0pMJnpaFrbe oji
PODapajyhHx up Ta JIMqHOCTPI.
KAPAKTEP
Y TOK~ HHJ~HBHThY~JIHO~ pa3Boja fly
T~M couHjanHOr y~ei~a je~HHKa y’IH
K~KO y~a ~Cfl0CT~EH ~~BHOT~XC~ 113-
Mehy CBOjHX JIH’IHHX IJHJb~B~ H aerni
pafluja, C je~He, H ~~~ffiTB~HHX Hop
MH H OqeKHBaH,a, c ~pyre CTpaHe.
JIHMHHM aHraxcoBaH,eM y coflnjaJmIoj
HHTCpaICUHjH, oco6a CTH’ie H paSBHJa
BCJIHKH Gpoj 0006HHa Icoje ce
~OflUITCHO HaaaEajy KL2~11KTC~HHM
oco6~aiaMa
KapaKTepne ooo6rnrn cc HonOJbaBajy y OK
Blipy onaxomnenunx couHiajinlIx aKniBH0CTH
H oouHjaHhLHx owioca HojeJIuHia rIpe micra,
HdnoubaBajy cc y meronoM ozillocy:
(1) npeMa apyruM .lliy2UIMa (Hnp. HCKpC
hOOT — ueHcKpeHocT, aJITpyH3aM — eronaaM,
Hoy3ma}locT— HeHoy3aaI-IocT, mo6ponaMepuooT
— 3JIoHaMepHooj;
(2) npet~ca ce6ii 1(20 ocoCu (imp. caMonoys
LIaHOOT — necaMonoy3mauooT, OaMOEpH
TH’IHOCT — HCOaMOKpHTHNHOOT, cKpOMHOOT —
HCOIq3OMIIOOT);
106
(3) O6UBJLMLy CBOJHX yjiora HuH
1I~CM2
JIUTUKU (imp. MapibliBocT — nCmOcT, oaronop
HOOT — HeoJIroBopHooT, ypeanoci- —
HeypeallooT);
(4) np CMU 3UJCJIHHIW, JIPYIIIIB CHUM HOpMU.
MU HOHUJUBILU (imp. iiojaJinooT — HeJiojaji
HOOT, flOBlTeH,e — HenolllTeme, aHra)IcOBanOoT
— HeaHra)hcOBaHOcT, YJIYIIHOCT — HeyThymnooT
H en.).
Kana cy KapaxTepue oco6aHe odiloBa no~
namai~a npe~a aajemHmui H JI~~i-HM JbynHMa,
o JbHM~ ce rOBOpH xao 0 MOp&JIHJIM ocoCuna
Ma Homreu,e — HellouiTeH,e, HoxpenocT — Hell
ehcpenocT, aa~pyn~a~ — eroH3aM cy flpihMepH
HO3HTHBHHX, OUHOOHO HeFaTHBHHx MOpaJTHHX
oco6iiuia.
0 ~ 0006HHaMa Koje monaae ito
Hapazlcaja 3’ pa,ay H npyrHM J1PYIUTB~H0 H
JiH’{HO 3HaNajHHM ~KTHBHOCTHM~ ronopHMo
xao o BOJiHUM oco6HHaMa CanecHocT, MapJhH
BOOT, ynopHocr, Oluiy’iHocT, H3flIThCJEHBOOT,
ypenHooT, Ta’IH0CT cy npHMepn HO3HTHBHHX
BOThHHX 0006HHa. BomHe 0006HHe cc HCflOJEa
najy H y oniiooy ocoGe npeMa caMoj ce6H. V
TOM OMMOJI)’ roBopHMo 0 caMonoy3uamy, caMo
K0HTpOJTH, OaM0KpHTH’rnooTn H OH.
YKp11TKO, 110j11M xaparrepa je ;ay
3147*1110 HCT11KH~TO MCCTO y crapfljoj,
JIJ3CTC.’KHO cIIelcyJiaTllBHoj JICUXOJIO
PHJM. flOAt Hil-IM cc noizpa3yMeua yHy
raplbl’I, JTIIVHH perymia~op counjair-
HOP 170H81118Th2 JLy,U11. Y HOBI4JOJ 11CM-
XOJIOIIFKOj JIIITCJ211TJ’pH 38SfCTheH je
BehI-IM UpojeM yxcnx H Mel)yco6no He
AIOBOJLHO IIOBC311HHX 110jM0B8. YMCCTO
o xaparrepy, roBopn cc nap. o ,,3pe-
JIOCTPI .Tf11’1HOCTH’~ ,,MOP8JIHOJ CBC
CTH’~, ,, cogkxjanM3oBaHoj je,qs1H1cH’~
RPCIZHOCHMM OpHjeHTaIjwjaMa” H Cii.
CBECT 0 CESH
Mn OMO CB~CHH jemIlHcma enor flOH
xhI’IKor )IdHBoTa. Ce6e m0X(HBTh~B~MO
~, lI3pa)IcaBaMo Ha jemaH H3~~3HT0
,,nocemHfl’UdH” HaMHH. PemoBHo xaice
~io ,,Moje Teilo” WITH ,,MOJa pyica”, ,,M0-
je ncicyerno” HJ~ ,,Moje ooehame”,
,,Moja myxcHoeT” HJUI ,,MOjC flpaBo”.
OpPaHM3aM, JIH’IHOCT H MCCTO y
jzpj’LUTBy cy 27311 Mania Haj3Ha’IajliHja
,,rIOCCAta”. Ha TOMe K~KO MX RH,ZZMMO,
L1JTU 0 FbMM11 3H11MO, 1(111(0 MX ~113YMCMO
ii onerbyjeMo, TCMCJbM Ce H81118 ~RCCT
0 ceJa 1(110 IZOCC6HOM H JeAIHHCTBe
FIOM Jr~yAzcKoM 6Hhy. Yje,aHo, TO C~
T~H PJT11BHC KaTePopMje KOMIIOHCHTH
CBCCTH o ceUn.
Bpoj H B~CTO KOMIIOHCHTH CBCCTH
o Oe6H Meltajy ce Ca Y3~~CTOM oco6e.
I3ehH je 6poj ~~3J1H~HTHX IcoMnoneN
TI! KOje J~e43HHHWY CB~CT o Ce6H jem
iie ompacmie oco6e Hero npemmKojl
oxor meTeTa. Ha npllMep, ompac.na
oco6a HM~ BHUJ~ coL~HjaJmHx flO
JIo)Icaja H ynora jep npunama BeheM
Gpojy rpyna, nocemyje BehH 6poj pa
3JIH’IHTHX Oco6Hlla, BHUIC 3H~ 0 CBO
JIIM 0006HuaMa H Oil. AHH, Mel)y
OflpaCJIHM 0006aMa flOCTOjO y TOM flO
rncmy 3HaqajHe HHmHBHmY~flH~ pa
3nHIce. Kama ca~ie ce6e oyo’ie ca
riHTamuMa icao mTo cy Hnp. ,,Ko caM
ja?”, ,,KaicaB caM ja ‘loBeIc?”, Helce 000-
Ge he ma~~ myra~xe H meTan,He omro
flope, a Heice xpa~ice H yorIulTeHe. H He
CaMo TO, y O~~OBOPHM~ he mOMHHHpa
TI! ~~3JIWIHTC B~OTC ,,ompemHHua”
HuH 000GHHa. ,T~OK jeJIHa, imp. H~BOmH
myra’iKy .IIHCTy M~JIH)~ H neJIHIcHx,
(~opMaJiHHx H He4hopMaJIHHX ~pyw
TBCHHX rpyna KOjHM npanama, mpyra
Moxce ga noMeHe caMo jemlly rpyny,
113TH 3~TO J~eTamHHje FOBO~H 0 CBOjHM
JTWIHHM 0006HHaMa. Heico ce6e 01111-
oyje 1*4)03 CBOje CH000GHOOTH H 311a-
ma, a HCKO 1*4303 oBoje M0THB~ H
HHTepeooBama. Jejiaa he .v IIPBH nuan
ma CT~BH cBoje CIcJTOHOCTH 110 KOJHM je
mpyra’lHJH og mpyrHx, mpyr~ he ma
nolca3yjy CBOJy CJTHMHOCT OCTaJII4M
JbymHMa. 0dM THX HHmHBHmyaJIHHX
pa3JIHKa, gOXHBThaj rpeHyTue dHTya
mije y lcojoj ee ocoGa HaJIa3H, MO)Ice
ma YTH’l~ Ha Behy Him gamy HoTaicHy
TOCT flOj C~HHHX KOM110HeHTH CBeCTH
o Ce6H. HcTa ocoGa he xao KanmHmar
aa 3anociieme F0B0~HTH 0 de6H y cBe
TJIOCTH jemHHx oeo6irna, a no ,,ocBa
jaH” eBoje HOB~ cHMnaTHje 3’ dueT
JIOCTH mpyr~x OCOGHHa.
CBeCT 0 cefiM jC CJIO)KCH11 H flKHa
MH’rua cTpyrrypa. MOXCCMO pehn jia
11M11 H BMIIJC ,, Cifoj ena” H RMILIC ,, cTpa
Ha”. FJIaRHH CJIOjCBH CRCCTH 0 CC6M C)’
,,peaumo ja” H ,,wmeaJlHo ja”. Je,zzHy
CT~11H)’ CBCCTH 0 ceUn MO)KCMO 03-
H~~HTM xao ,,nplluarllo ja”, a iipyi’y
Kao,,jaBHO ia”
PeaJIHo H ngeaurno ja
Cs1Hxy 0 CBOM peasi~o~ ja oco6a dma-
pa ~a OCHOB3’ Heriocpegl-Ior HCICyCTBa.
HocMaTpameM, ~H~iW3OM H o1~emHna-
H,eM conc~neuor nouamama H e4exa-
Ta T0~ noHaulama oco6a salciby’Iyj e ma
nocemyje H3B~CH~ TCJICGH~ IcapaicTe
pHeTHIce, ma je y cBOjOj couHjaslHoj
epem~nn mo6nsia HJTH cTexJla
ompeteHH nOijoxcaj u ma ydneuTHo
o6auma UHT~B HH3 alcTHnHocEru Icoje
ce 0)~ me o’leicyjy HilH Tpalce, ma noce
myje ompeteHa allama, cnoco6HocTH,
noTpe6e, MoTnue, ~~~epeoouama H
en
)KHBOT y aajemHuuH, B~dflHT~H,~ H
J1HUH~ aenHpaI~Hje J~0fl~HH0d~ ema
patty nojemim~eue eumice 0 ceGil Icoja
ylcasyje na OHO IJITO 6H OH Tpe6airo ma
Gyme, WTO ce o1ielcyje 111111 InTO d~M
iceim ma nocTaHe. Mo couHjaJme H
JJH’lH~ c~a~mapme 1TpHXBaTH no
107
 Ba)KHe ICOMTIOHCHTe CBCCTM 0 ce6n,
OHM ‘jirne I-~erOBy CJ1I4K~ o URCaJIHOM
ja. Pa3MaK M3MeI)y peajrnor H HgeajI
Hor ja HHJC cTaJlau, OH ce CMamyje H
nonehaBa. flpu 3.11P~BOM H HopMaJI
HOM pasBojy CBCCTII 0 CeGH Taj pa3-
~ax ce HMxaga He ry6n C~CBHM (‘loBex
yBeK MWKe BH~eTM HOBC MoryhHocTH
3a cnoj paaBoj) H HHKa~ja He nocTaje
TOJIHKO B~JU4KH ga 6n ce neaa H3MebY
Ta .1iB~ cnoja npeic~~yna (Kao UJTO je
TO KOJ~ H~KMX HCY~OTCKHX cTaTha, i-nip.
KO.11 xlenpecuje ii ocehama 6ecno-
MohHocTn, M o6panio — xoij niiy~~je
B~flWiHH~ H ocehal-ba OMHHU0TeHTHO-
GTH).
lie Tpe6a Memarn ~acaniio ja, xoje je inpa~
llOpMaJl!rKX H anpannx pa3BOjIrnx acifi-Ipatinja
oco6e, ca WZCQRU3OBOUHM j4 Koje ce TCM~JhuI
ita ynepei5y oco6e nay ILajnI-zmeM c~eneny no
cenyje cne one ocoGHILe Koje c~a~pa npeiwnM
11 nelbelniM. HneaJnaonalIo jaje cacTarnrnneo
c3-IMnToMaToJJofllje JICKUX ireypoTi-rnhinx cia
na Oiio flpCy3HMa yjtory peajutor ja n yxKaa
norpe6y ~a nacaJilinMia.
ilpirnaTHo H jaBilo ja
MHTyHTHBHO CB~1CO o,g nac sna j~a je
jeJ~Ha CTB~~ TO K~KO MM C~MH ce6e EM
~IHMO, a ~pyra K~1CBHM HaG niige JEYThH
113 name cpemnlHe. He ca~o cayipxcm-i
cKa HenogyJ~apH0cT TMX J~Bejy CJIHK~
Hero ~~3JIMKC 3’ ThHXOBHM c~yHicuHja
Ma, gajy H~M OCHOB)’ 3a ~~3JIH1COB~ThC
npl-IBaTHor oyx j aBHor j a. Yripano cay~a
je MOMCHaT ~ K~)1CCMO 2W)’ 43OpMMpa-
H,y cBecni o ce6n 1C0~HCTMMO jjna 113-
~opa no~Tamca. Je~xan 1-isuop je
noc~a~pame BnacTHTux aKTMBHocm
H H,HXOBMX ec~eKaTa. Ji~pyra H3BO~ no
~a~axa o ce6M je noc~a~pame ~~pyr~x
oco6a ca UMJL~M ga cazHaMo K~KO 113-
rnegaMo y IEHXOBHM o’rnMa, Tj. aa OT
icpMjeMo RITE oHe BMge y HaMa H K~KB~
sHa’{en,a npnmncyjy TOMB mTo nnge.
108
3ziama ito KOJHX J(OJI33HMO CaMorlo
c~arpame~ ii ,,orJre.aal-LCM” y OVHMa
irpyrizx HC ocrajy o,1zBojeHa jeliHa o~
itPYFHJG Qua CC BPCMCHOM cranajy y
JCJWHCTBCH CHCTCM~ y CRCCT a ce5n~
J~pyrH ce noHaluajy npe~a llaMa y
cxna~y ca CJJUKOM Kojy HMajy 0 HaMa.
)~a 6HcMo MM~JIH KOHTPOJIy ~ag H1!-
XOBHM rloHaulameM, MR HacTOjilMo ~a
yTH~eMo H~ TO K~KO heMo nsr.aegam y
ThHXOEHM o’IHMa. 0.11 mx Mcmx ~py
nix cMo y npogecy couujanHor y~eiLa
Ha39HJIH ne j eg~y Hero MHOre TCXHI!
ice C3M00TKpI-iBama H caMoJrprnca3J-IBa-
ma To ana’rn ga heMo je~He oco6nHe
jaBHo HCnOJbaBaTH 6e3 l-IKaKBOr ycTe
sama, Ijox he~o y HdnomaBamy gpy
nix oeo6nHa 611TH BeoMa Y321P)K~HH
HuH cacBHM saTnopenu. Hexa~ja eMo
3~HHT~~CC0E~HH ~a ocTam-IMo 3’THCaK
xao ~a sexy 0006nHy nocegyjeMo,
naico SHaMO Ila je He noce)IyjeMo.
Cnaica oco6a ca unme Will Maae
GpHre ,,Heryje” cBoje H~HB~THO ja H
cBojejauHoja. HT0 He caMo3aTourro
HHCMO jegHaxo CH~~MHM Ila cBe CEoje
oco6MHe oTlcpujeMo npeg gpyrMMa
uero H 3aTo inTo jam-to ja uMa flOSHTH
mm yTngaj na o.gpNcanaH,e oHHx oco
GHHa KOJe yKJEy’lyje. Mn ce BRine
sajiaze~o ga aaicTa CT~KH~MO H ga
O~~)KHMO olle OCO6HHe KOje cagpzcn
i-iame janno ja. Aico nac mygn cMaTpa
jy oco6oM Koja aac.ny)Icyje nouepeH,e,
MR heMo CC TPY.IIHTH HC CaMo ga ux He
nolcoJle6aMo y TOM ynepemy Hero H ga
H,HXOBO nonepeme onpam~ga~o cno
JHM nollauiameM.
Y np~nor ToMe ro~ope peayji~am
jegHor orjiejia KOjH je yKJEy’mBao
y’xeumce H3 Tf3H ~~3JIHMHTC micone.
HcTpazHBa’m cy Hajnpe Helco nper~ie
noc~a~panu TC micone, iEHXOB~ OIW
JIHHY H per~c~ponajjn KOJIRK0 y’IeHH
~H npibajy micony H meuy oicojmny. Y
jegj-ioj micoJin cy ogpxcaiiu .mieno npe
~aBaH,e o noTpe6u ga ce LUICOjj~ H H,e
na oxonnna He npjbajy. Y gpyroj
10. ~LjHHaMIIICa
WKOJ~H Cy Y’IeHHuHMa ~CKJIH ~a ce BH JHPIHOCTII
~n ga cy neo~a YPCAHH H ga ce ~pyge
ThHXOBa micoJia H OKOJU4H~ ulKoJie
6y~w ‘IHCTH. )~axJIe, y’IeHHUH np~e
wicojie cy HCWTO casHajul o sHa~ajy
zincTohe, a 3(’ICHHUH ,gpyre nucone cy
ca3HaJIH HCUITO 0 C~6H. Y Tpehoj
UJKOJIH y’IeHHuHMa HHje HHUITh
Kao H y 11~YFHM HayicaMa, TaKO 3’ 11CR-
petleHo. HegemaMa cy HcTpaaduBa’m
xoJlornjHTepMHH ,,gnHaMnKa” (rp. di
noCMaTpaJIH Te TJ311 uncojie H H~~TMJIH
namis — cHara) osnaqana noicpeTa’ixe
KOJIUKO MX ~~CHHI~H npmajy. Y upue
cm-tare icoje genyjy yny~ap CHCT~M~
g~e WKOJIe 3IpegHOCT yziennica ce no
‘IHJHM npoy’IanaH,eM ce 6aBH. OCHOB
6o.miuana, 110K y Tpehoj HHje gomno
HHM HHTaI-bHMa ~HH~MHKC JIH’IHOCTH
go npoMena. Ho6ommaae ~~CJ1HOCTH
6aBHJIH CMO Ce Beh y norJianitHMa 0
y gpyroj iI1KOJIH je Gniio 3H~THO
eMounjaMa, MOTHEMMa H HHTepecoBa
Hero y flpBOj. Ca npoTH
mHMa, CT~BOffl4M~ H BpCgHOCTHMa.
gameM BpeMeHa, y’ICHHUH MS IlpEe
Bnge.nn CMO ga ~~3J1HMHTH ynyTpa
micone cy ce npHGJmzcuJIH OHOM cre
LUH,H H cnoj~aman ‘IHHHOIIH c~aimo
neny npi~aita KOJH cy flOK~3HB~JU4
napymaaajy cTaae oprancKe, ncR
npe npegaBaaa, 110K 3’HCHHI~H K0jH cy
xnqice H Cowijanne paBnoTexce, Te je
casnajill ga Cy 3’~C~HH H ga ziyBajy
nojegHHaU npHHy1~eH ga T~ paBHo
cBOjy cpeg~ny n game cy ce no
Tezy yaex H3HOB~ 3’C11~CT~BJb~ H
H~ul~JIH y ciciiagy ca ThM ca3HaltHMa.
ogpxcaBa y ogpfleHnM rpallnuaMa.
UHTAH,A H 3AJIAIJH OBge heMO omicam i-ieice og icOn
1. J~a JIM Cit 3anasHJiH ouHTarMe ,,JIHqH0CT OCO6e”, 4UIHKTHHX cHTyauHja Koje Mel-bajy
,,JIH’11400T nojcnHuua, ,,JIH’IHOCT y9eHrnca”? Y ‘ie~y je
pasnilKa HIMebY TC~MHH~ ,,JIH’{IICCI” H pew ~nojenH IIJMPOKe cerMenTe nonamama oco6e H
Hau’, ,,JenHHKa”, ,oeo6a”? xBaJncreT 1-benor goacHBmaBan,a ce6e,
2. Y ODOM nornaany cpe~rn CHO ueo~a 3HaMajHe HeM 11pyflix JbygH, CoqHjaJme H 4iH3H’IKe
XOJIOLHKC flOjMOBC. TaMH0 pa3yMeBan.e THX flOJMOBa H
cpegHne.
HpeEjH3Ha ynoTpe6a TC~MHHH KOJHM Ce o3Ha9aBajy CY
B3)KHH sa CBaKY o6paioeaHy oco6y. HaHeJjHTe ca)KeTo
o6jatutieiie cnenehHx H3pa3a:
IThIKHJITIKPI 73117 PEAJ1HO JA YHYTAPJIWIHM CYKOEH
ACTEHWIKII 77117 I1J{EAJIHQ IA
ATJIETCKH 27417 HJJEAJIHJOBAHO JA YHyTapJ1H~HH cyico6 11~OH3HJ1~3H 113
KQJIEPJIK I7PHBATHO IA npnnpe~ene Huh ‘rpaJHe neycx.mia
CAHIBMUJIK JAJ9HO IA 1JeHOCTH 11nejy filM EHille guHa
MFJIAHXOJII1K CAMO-OTKPHBALbE
~JIFSMATHK CAMa17PHKA3HBAH,E
MWIKHX TeHJ~eHJJj4ja. HpeMa B~CTH
HAPAICTEP /JPYFHKAO,,OFJIEJ4AJIO’ Tengenul-Ija Icoje cc Hclcjbyqyjy Molce
MO J3~3J1HKOB~TH cyxo6e nowe6a, MO
B e 6 a: HIITpOBepTHCCT H eKcTpaI3epTHOCT cy
CJI0)KCHC OCO6HHe, He HCHOJLaHaJy Ce 3’ HOTOj MC~H 3’ TUBa, HHTepeca, CTaBOBa, BpegHOcTi4,
CBHM o6nacTHMa noHamalba H CHHM CHTyaIlHjaMa. n,geja HT~. YHyTapJIH’IHH cyico6n ce
BehnHa JbYJIH Cy ,,aM6HBCpTH’, jep rIOKa3yjy H JCJIHY H adiloubaBajy y 11~OM~HH onurrer pa
~ipyry ocoSHHy. Hopa3roBapajTe 0 CHTyal4HjaMa 3’ KO
JHM KOJI Bac upeoaJiabyje HHT~0HC~TII0 noHawawe HO cnonwmceaa, noBehaiby nane~ocm H
cHryauHjaMa y XOjHM nOJIHiM no noja’Jane eKeTpaaep HHXH6HUHjH nonamalba.
TN 00TH.
109
Cyao6 MOTHB~
KapaKTePHCTHHHH THIIOBH cyxo6a
M0THBa, Koje je onMcao no3HaTM UGH
xoilorKypT JICBHH (K. Lewin, 1890-.
1947), jecy: (1) HyXCH0CT H360pa
MSMeI)y J~Ba je,uHalco npHBJIatIHa flHJb~
(Hnp. .z~a im nhu y Gnocxon Hiffi na
M3JIeT), (2) .HeHa6eIcaH na6op jeJ~Hor
oji~na nenpnj aTHa unsi~a (,,o~ ~na ajia
H3aGpam Mame”, urip. OTHhH Hednpe
Mall Ha flHCM~HH 14 JW6HTH HeraniB
My ogeny MuM H300TaTM ca ~aca H
JIO6HTH ~eonpaaj~an H300TaHax) H (3)
npnxaa~ame LEMma K0JH je ncToBpe
Mello H fl~HBJI~’I~H H HenpHBuIa’JaH
(riocao npexo .neTa je H~IUT0 ulTo
MO)K~ ~a npHBJIa’m jeJrnor y’{eHHIca,
HUp. 360r 3apa.zle, ~flH H jxa ra o~6Mja,
Hnp. 36or ry6nTica cno6o~Hor EpeMe
Ha). flpnMepM KOjC CMO Ha3naMHJm y
~arpaw~ 03’ YPJI~BHOM U~HM~~H ,,Jia
KHX” IcoH4uIHxaTa, jep KaicO roz~ MX
pemHJ~a, noculenMue H3a6paHe axuHje
He j~o~o~ie yxo TpajHMx npo~ena y
JIH’IHOCTH0C06e.
MOTH TH KOH4UTHKTH, KOJH cc 0311a’ianajy
xao ,,xon4nrnxTI-ra npmula’mocT” (+ a
,,K0H43JIHKTHa on6ojaoc-r” (- a . ) a ,,xon
c~u1aKTna aMOHBaJiemjHja” (+ a-), Mory cc no
janwra HaMeby neo~a 311a’lajHax MoTana Y
TOM oJIyMajy wia6paao pezuea,e aMa ny6me no
c.ne4niie nona’nrocroco6e. CaMo jenna aaiy
CwaJJHja, H TO 3~ ,,KOH4NIHKTHy npanjia’i
HOOT”. YMenaK Moxce acTOupeMeflo GUTH
dfla)KHO MOTHDH0aH na noon! rae OIIJTH’IaH
ycnex 3’ 1111(031K H fla 113 HH)K~~ iipel)e 3’ BHIIIH
panr cnoprcKor TaIcMwIea,a. Cnn cy narne~n
i~a he ~a ma MOTM11~ noha y Me~yco6HH cyxo6
(onnoJH 3114 aHifie npe~ena 3a TpeHHpaibe H
y’iemhe y TaKMH’lemnMa, M~1LC E~~MCH~ Ocfl
je 3a y’iea,e...). J~ne onpe’me onnylce Ga Gane:
,,caMynam yriien ycneumor yMeaaKa H OHM
314TH cnopTcKe aMGHunje”, OlmocHO ,,cnopTclca
Icaplijepa je npe~a On uncone”. CnaKa he HMaTH
C~CB14M JlpyraNlljH yrHllaj ua j~aibe uiaHa
MI-PiKe OnHOce 3’H3’T~~ .I1H”HIOCTH Hpa3JTHMHTO
110
he cc acnomHm y mameM nOnaiuamy a IIO)KHU
manamy Tor y’ieaaica. YKOJIMK0 ne 6~ peulno
na-~1eMy, y’ienmc 6ii àe namaq y join cnolceHa.
joj caryalInja. CMamann 6n ce HsruleJwna sa
mOBOJEH GuSTO KOjH On ~a nBa MOTHBa, inTO Ga
moneno no yrpoicanama 3amoBomema MHOrfl~~
npyrax noipeGa (imp. noTpe6e 3a caMononrro.
naH,eM, 3a yrnenoM, 3a cHrypHouzhy cii.).
flon HOpMaJIHHM OKOJIHOCTHMa BehHHa cy.
KoGaMoTanapemasace oJpIaramcM3aj~oBoJL~.
ma JCIIHHX, a jzaaame np elmocru aa.uonomemy
xipyrnx MOTHBa. Ta BpcTa cai oxoinpouxe HaiJ
MOTHBHMa pasnaja Ce ITOOTyITHO H 3fl~1 je Ca
apenama JIIPIHOCTH jenHHKe.
Cyicoö carnan,a
~ecT BHJ~ yHyTapJu4’mor cyico6a je
cyxoüca3naaa Miiar~eoco6e 3HajyJ~a
je nymeme mTeTHo aa cBe my~e a
Haj L11TeTHHJ e j e ynpano aa MJ1aJ~e, aim
HCKH og Hr,HX Cy YflO~HH uyma’u-L
Oco6a xoja 3Ha z~a je nymeme mTCTH0
H 3H~ Lia ca~a HyHIM, uMa gna ca3Ha-
ma icoja cy y HecKJIa~y. Taicna casna
ma H3a3HBajy Ca3HaJuwHecIcJrafl HJIH
KOI’HIITIIBIIy lIPicOftamsy. To j e onaj
flO3H~TH CyKo6 ,,pe~H i-i JzeuIa”. He
cxna~g mm RHcoHaH1~a ce MOace OTKJI0-
filTH 611110 I1~0M~HOM noHamama
(MH0FM C)’ 0CTaBHJUI nymeme) mm
npeorxemnname~ cyxo6mernix ca~~a
ma ~aico i~a ce y~amn aHa~aj cyxo6a
(Hnp. ,,TO cy caMo npine”, ,,uehe rpo~
y iconpuBy”, ,,nome c~napu ce
nemaBajy npyrnMa”).
Alco oxournooni npHcuuI,anajy ocoGy uta cc
nouauia CynpoTHO OBOJUM yBepeH,n~a, ocoGa
he cc ocehaTH HenpHjaTHO. Aim HC 1,10)1<8 ma
npo~~eaa OKOIIHOCTH, oco6a he nacTojani 143114
ma ax upoTyMa’rn Ha H~M14H KOja OTKJIaH,a He.
cxnall miii he npoMemlm oBoja ynepema H no
necTil ax y cicna,zi ca oxojrnocmpa Ha npnMep,
y’xenHK Koja cc CHJTOM npuurnxa Haulao 3’ hnKo
.11K xojy HC 1302114 a ~e MOace ma je Hanyoni, 3’
no’ieny he Gumt BeoMa He3a,I~onomaH 14 craul
HO he MHOIIHTH Ha OH)’ flfl(OJl~ Kojy je KeuTeO
~a yllallie. Aico 6n TO CT~1bC nowajaJTO, u>ero
nit yILyTPaihflbH TICMXH’IKH IIpOGlIeMH H36Hn11
Ga na nonphilHHy y BMIIY HenpHnarobeHor no
itawalla, 6mm xon icyhe aim y 1111(03111 MilKy
enlIM cHTyauHjaMa. BehiiHa TaKBax y’leHaKa
he upeMeHOM OTK~HTH paaiiore KOJH he MM 110-
,,whit ma 11~OMCHC cuoje Mnmmeae 0 1111<03114 H
ma fit yclculane ca ‘IHThtHHIjOM i~a noxflajy T3’
ji[K031y.
flpncrpacaocTje “ICCTO H3~~3 HecfloCoGHo
GTII oco6e jia KOHCWYKTHBHO ~CUIH caaHaj~rn
ireCKJLan. Ka,ija KajiceMo ma CR14 po1rnTenM Bone
cnojy meny 6nmxa CMO HCTHHH Hero aim 6a-
cMO Ce ManO ,,orpastnuin” H pexula nehaaa p0-
flhlTeuba Bourn cnojy acHy. ,flena ‘mae a ~aic~e
cr1321114 Koje ce pomaTesbMMa ae monamajy. (Ca
MH npogeawre ma .Ini TO ‘niuiC ,,cna meua”,
~nehmiaiie1*e” Hula caMo ,,neicaneua”.) Ynpano
naTO IIITO MX none, pomuiTemn naajy ma ocTaHy
,,cJIenH Icoji o’nijy”. Jlaxme he 1I~HXB~TMTH ma
ilacTanhniK ,,MpsH” maxono meTe aero ma w~je
meTe 06H’THa nernumaa. HoncemMo ce npa
cTWIMHjHX nOKa3a Ha npii~ep, ananane no
namaiba pomhiTema ‘nija cy mena nOcTaila
nenHKBeHTH 145Th! HapxoMahrn, nopejz ocTaulOr,
noucaSyjy ma cy romallalda namapana o’m npem
‘mmeHuwaMa xoje cy noHamaube ThaxOnor lie-
Tel a TI~HK~3HB2J1C 3’ HeflIT14BHOM cneTny. Se
maa o6nnx ror ,,namapan~a” je npeoimemnname
uierams~nx nomaTaica. Ha nphiMep, pomaTen,
zcoHa’{HO npnxnannaje merono meTe y~ecrno
Baulo y icpfla 143114 HacHuby, aim na TO oKpHB
myje impyre y’iecmixe mm, ‘taic, ca~y )icpTny,
urnu, 3a ueO moraI~aj xaze: ,,Ha 14 unje TO H~KM
xpuMaHan. J~eua 1<0 meua.”
Cyico6 ysiora
~o 3Ha~ajHor nopeMehaja yHyTpa
mite ncHxH’tIce pan~o~exe H januba
ma cnax~e H~flCTOCTH Mo,Ice I~OhH
ycne,g cyKoJa ynora CBaica oco6a
ucToBpeMeHo npnnaaa BeheM 6pojy
rpyna ny enaxoj HMa je.I~Hy HuH nniue
ynora. Ha npHMep, y onememy dM0
ha’w, y icyhn dM0 CHHOBH mm thepu,
3’ C1IO~TCKOM KJIy6y dM0 nrpa’m, y
meTal-I dM0 npnjaTemu, dnMnaTnje
HTJ~. 3aTo ce nonpe~e~o Ha1~IeMo y ~H
JICMH na JIM ixa JIOCT3’IIHMO y CKuia~y Ca
yJIOE’OM K0j3’ HM~MO y IJIKOJUI 143111 ca
y.norow Icojy IIMaM0 3’ CH0~TCKOM icny
6y 113111 npHJaTemdIcoM icpyry. )KeHa
Icoja HacTojH ,i~a nocTaHe npxyHdldn
c~py~maic y cnojoj npo4ecujH je y
Telcoj dnTyaflnjn OZ~ enor Icojiere
MyLuIcapua. On me cnn, nan o~a caMa,
o~exyje na ce yna, na 6y.ge ~go6pa cy
npyra, )xoMahnua H MajKa. A TO 3Ha’IH
Maoro ni-nue TJ)3’Jja nero y cJ1y~ajy KO
nere icojn ca Maulo allraxconama Moace
na ncnan~e npnopaapena~ cynpyr,
noMahHu H oTau.. Ka~ga nonece onuiyxy
o cBOjOj lcapiljepij, nHHaMHKa JIH’IHO
CTH NceHe ce ynenaico Mema, nocTaje
cnozeHHja.
HHTEPrIEPCOHAJIHH CYKOSH
MehyulH’uln cyKo6H HacTajy a6or TO
ra HITO Jb3’~H HMajy Hup. pa3JIH’JHTe
noTpe6e, MOTHBe, HaTepece, cTanone,
H npenHocnl. Cyxo6e ~ory HaasnaTH
H paan~ice y 3HamnMa, nemnmaMa,
yMemHMa, BeponaaHMa, HnejaMa,
cXBaTamHMa, ,,4imioao4iHjaMa” xcnno
Ta H OiL
Mety3IWIHH CyIco6H ce Hcnosbana
jy y y3ajaMno HeraTlinnoM oL~emHna
my, npuicp~namy mm neTaquoM
npnxaaunamy HHilrnpMauHja icoje cy
Ba)ecHe, HenoBepemy, Ha6eraBamy Eon
TaicTa, nonehamy nenpujaTeutcuix
ocehama, npHicpn~eHoj 111W oTnope
uoj arpec~n~ocni H cm
Oco6~ y cyxo6y noxa~yjy ~e~j~eniiajy ma
jour nunue Harnace Me~yco6He paiuunce. To cc
orulema y omTpoM cynpoTCTanmaa~y Milnuhe
ma, cTar~ona, ameja. Kana cc cyxo6e, imp. 3601’
paana’mTMx nOimTwncsvc ynepeH,a, u~ymii cc
jour mime nenyjy na cnoja ynepema, Ha
ruzamanajy paaju~ice 3’ omnocy aa ynepen,a mpy
mx, nocTajy BaTpeHaja narOBOpHHhjH CBOjHX
ynepeH,a aero IRTO C3’ TO 6mw npe nojane KOH
4rnaxTa
111

ICon oco6a icoje cy y cyKoGy ca mpyrHM fl0-
naaH 110 neoMa neJmIcHx npOMena y )IHHaMHW4
.HH’IHOCTH. Janmajy cc norpe6e H o6pacun no
HamaTha KOJC ocoGa panHje HHJe JIoXaSHBaJIa H
~oje je ynIaRHOM cMaWaJIa Heno)KCJbHHM
(imp. no~rpeGe ma npn’ia JIaNcH 0 ocobn C KOJOM
je 3’ K0H4)JTHKTY, ma cMHuuba rnnpHre, nacRoje
arpecflnno noHamalbe cMarpa nenoM COUHJaN
HOM neffiTimoM).
KojifiKo CC ~eaa mHHaMHKa JUI’IHOCTH OCO
Ge y CyKOGy BHJ~H cc H 110 TOM~ U1TO cc 11MHa-
MuqKa ocHoBa cyKoGa He C~MO npomy6myje,
xao y npeTxonHOM IIpHMepy, nero ce H
npofflHpyjC. TaKo, OHH KOJH C)’ ce ,,3aBananH”
36or paajiaxe y I1OJ1HTH’IKHM ynepelbHMa H
CTaB0BHMa 11O’{HIb)’ ~a JCJIHH j~pyre cMawajy
,,GynanaM&’, ,,mnHjyllnMa”, ,,slonoBHMa”. 1-hn-
xone yaajaMHe ,,KOrHHTHBHe uleMe” (KaKo imp.
,,stn6epasi” 3aMHWJba ,,pamnKa.aa” H o6paTno)
nocTajy cTporo noJlapH3oBaHe H 3aTO Kpaja.e
ocupoMaulene.
Ha ~HH~MHK~ JIHqH0CTH Ce
oJ~pawaBajy H I11H~H rpynlln, Mehy
F~YHHH H gpymTueHH 1(OH4UJHKTH, H
TO TalcO UITO norOg3’jy jaBsbathy 6Hno
1-rnTpanepcoHaJlHnx Hull HuTepilep
coHaumlix KoH43JrnxaTa.
BOJLA
Y eTapoj IICHXOJIOUU(OJ JIHT~~~TYPH
rJIaBHH gHHaMJ4’{KH flOj MOBil 6mm cy
1103aM BOJbC H 1103aM BOJLHC pa,zime.
floulasfino ce o~ ynepeita t~a ~oBe1c
GBOj3’ aKTHBHOCT ~a~epuo H CB~CHO
yc~epa~a Ha HaaGpaHe unJbeBe.
Y ~)IC~M a~aqemy nojaM uome ce
o~HodHO CaMO Ha cue cBecHe Mexa
HH3M~ 1(03 H oMoryhyjy 0JIJIy’rnBame H
Ha MoMeilaT ~oHomema ojjnyxe. Kao
npouec o~nyMHBama, BoTha o6yx~am:
(a) cars:e)~aBame ~J1T~~H~THBHHX
npa~aua aJcuHje, (6) paaMaTpalte,
HcnHmBafbe H nopetjeme Moryhilx
112
y
npa~a~a axqHje H (B) ~ o
aKUHjH. Y UJH~CM 3H~’1e1Ey, nope.g Ta
1 ~
T~H M0MCHTa, 1103aM BOJLC yKJby’Iyje
(r) ft~JI~HHOCT H ~fl0~HOCT ~a ce O~a..
GpaHa axnjij a dnpoBe.Lje y ~eno. ,,BoJb.
Ha” je, j~aicJie, rn-ia paw-ba Koja je
cBecHa, HaMepHa, cno6ow-ia, njiaHc~a,
Hs6opHa, npe4epeHuHjanHa, SLHMHa.
Cuara BOJb~ CC MC~H cHaroM yHy..
TpaIuHilIX H cnoJbaLUIEHx o~nopa i-i
npenpeica Koje Tpe6a caBJIaJxam ~a Gui
ce ocTBapllna B0JbH~ paw-La.
Y cBaxoxrneBHoM I’OBOpy KOpH0TH-
MO MHOre pe9H ICoje 03’ HaBegeHe 113
nojMoua Boube H BOJIZHC pawbe. Taxo
Hnp. xaiceMo ~a je paw~a ,,go6poBon-
Ha” axo je HsBerleHa Gea cnon,ammer
H~HTHCK~ H npHHy.I~e. Hexo no
namame je ,,caMonoJbHo” axo je 6e3
car.nacHocTn ~~3’FHX Will Hey—
cxuiaheHo ca coul-ija.JmHM HOpMaMa.
HocTynaK Moxce 6HTH ,,npOH3BOJLaH”
3’KOJJHKO 11~CTXO~HO HIIC3’ 3I3CTC y o6-
3HP CTB~~14 Koje je Tpe6auJO pasMo
TpHTH.
FIHTAFbA H 3A.WI,H
1. ifiTa cy TO ~ll3’f~P3ulMHH, a urn MebyJimmu eyKo
Ga?
2. OUHUIHTC T~H THfla CyKoGa YIOTHRO. Koja em ~a Tpn
Tuna uaj9eLuhe JjowuamanaTe7
3. HolcytuajTe ga 3’ CHOM HCKYCTDY ilPOHabeTe upaMep
3a 110)KHRJLaJ ca3uajHor HecKnama 113111 KOrHHTHDHe
IIHCOH8HIIC. ifiTa je H3a3Ba310 necx~iam? Kaxo CTC ra
eMouuouaJmo JIOKHBeJIH? KaKo crc paapemuiill 13’
cHTyauajy?
4. 111-ia JC TO cyxo6 ynora? Koje name yiiore ~eCTO
moby y cyicoG? KaKo o6a’nio paapeiuauae Taj eyxo6?
S. Koje cy oco6aue BOJLHC paaue? Jia mu cy re upame
RH KOjHM Gucre OHHCamH nehu meo enor nollaluama?
Be Mc 6 a: TeMa 3a paaronop: ifiTa je enara uo3be, y
Ce ornema II ga 3111 CC MONCC paaIrnjaTu? Aa ml je,
no nawe~ MHLILILCFby, c~ara noJl,e na>KHa oco6nua? The
3m uexora ueuHre yupauo sGor Te oco6uue?
Pa3Boj .IIIPIHOCTII
HOJAM PA3BOJA H
COJ4HJA.JIH3AI4HJE JTWIHOCTH
qoBeK ce pata xao 6i-ionomxo 6nhe.
ilpeTh ThHM cy ro,gHHe OThP~0T~Eb~ H
ca3peBaH~a. TOKOM THX row-ma OH 110-
oTaje ThP3’IUTBCHO GHhe. HoHamaa.e
noB0po1~H~eTa CBOJjH CC Ha H~1(0JW-
KO ypo1~einix pe4UIeKCHHx aKTHBHO
0TH, all Gpoj HaculeheHlx npeThll
CnoaHBHja la 4opMHpaHe TI4HH’1H0
JbyThcxHx o6umxa noi-iamama je BCOM~
J3CJIHKH. Kpos caspe~ame H y~eme
paaBHjajy ce cuio,xene IICI4XHMKe 4yH-
xwije, xao UJTO 03’ Hup. onaxame,
y’leibe, MHmubeiLe, ocehama, M0THBa-
J.~Hja, oJ~J1y’IHBame H BOJLH~ paw-te —3’
M~~H y KOjOj 43H3H’IKa H COUHJaJIHa
C~C.1jHHa IIOThCTH’JY 14 saxTeBajy aH
raicoaame TI-Uc 4yHxgHja, pasBujajy
~HCfl03HI.~HjC sa paaum~~~e BuThoBe
aThanTHBHor H nPO.L&yKTHBHOF no
uamama.
HaBHxe, sHaaa, yBepelba, ~opanue
HopMe, B~3CJjH0CTH H zjpyre GpojHe
oco6i’me JIH’HIOCTH ~o~ex He ua
cne1~jyje GHouIomximl nyTeM. Je~Hx 1(0-
JHM roBopi-!, lIHOMO KOjHM nHIUe, pag
KOJH o6aBJba, 1jHJb~BC KOjHM TC)KH,
npanuuxa xoje nomTyje, n)(eoulorHjy
Kojoj ce npnxuiama, 4Hno30d~Hjy Ko
jOM 00MHLUJL~B~ CBOj )KHBOT, H gpyre
o6paci.je noiiamama H J4~TC Gea KojHx
ce He M0)KC HI FOB0~HTH 0 JbJnCKOj
jeThHHKH no JIH’IHOCTH, ~onex cTHqe,
ycnaja H ~~3BHJ~ TOKOM 2KHB0Ta 3’
o~petjeHoj .IlpyfflTBeHOj sajeAHHuH.
,LIpyIIITBeHa cpeIIHHa z~aje L~y6OK
ne~a~ pasBojy Hoje~HHga. Oi-ia ~THMC
Ha 0B~ o6uiacTn H,eronor )KHBOTa. 3a-
TO ce 3’ IICHXOJIOFHJH ynopej~o ca
H3~~3OM pa3.Boj nFxqHocTps K0~HCTH H
~apaa coflhljaJrn3aLjnja JIJIqHOCTH.
OBHM ThPYFHM H3~~30M ce Harula
maBa: (1) na ce ibyIjOKO 11OTOMcTBO
H3OKHO H npHpO.nHO P~3BHJ~ 3’ JLyq
CKOM ,ztpyJJJrBy, ~a H3B~H ,IjpymTBeHe
He MO)KC Hi! JjOhH no noTny
Hor paaBoja .Jby~jcKe JeThHHKe H (2) na
cnaxa ~j~3’fflTBCH~ saje,~HHLja npe~a
HHIWBHnYaJIHOM paaBojy CBOJHX ‘Lila
H0B~ H H,HXOBOM yKuby’1HBaH~y y
J1P~fflTB~HH )KHBOT 3~~3HM~ arrsi~a~
OJIHOC.
COUHJAJIHO YLIETbE
Icana Ka)IceMo ma npyuirnena 3ajemaI-nla 3ay311-
Ma 8ICTHBBH OJIHOC npeMa OpralicKOM, ITCH
XIPIKOM H ConajajiHoM OThP~CT~TbY H ca3pena-
Tb)’ CBOJHX ~naHona, onjia UMaMO 3’ EMIl)’ HCKO
3IHKO OCHOBHHX MOMCHaTa.
llpno, cue OHO IIITO ‘IHHH IlpyniTnelly Cpe
11HHY je Moryhn caapxcajyvema Cne urro je no
CT)’IIHO nor3iemy jje~eia MO)KC 110CT~TH
Ca,upucaj imp. oncepnaullouor y~ema Hiffi
y’ieita nyTeM ynuijama. THMe BITO nexa uo
nauiama 1-i oco6i-rne nporiiamana HenwxeJb
1mM, CpeUHHa HX He yicnama no Ca.apxcaj
y’eH,a. OCHM Tora, y’ieme CC M0MC~ omuHjaTn H
6e3 HKaKBC HaMepe, y~rpe~i HuH CaCEUM
cjly9ajuo. Cnaxo y’iene, MeI~yTHM, 3Ha’m npo
MCH)’ 3’ HCK3’CTB3’ jemHHxe, 3’ ISCHOM ca
IIaIIIH,CM 113111 GymyheM nonamamy.
Jlpyro, xipyurrnena aajemHmla ompe~yje ILK
JbeBe yvema Mnont 011 IbHX Cy 4opMyJIHCaHH
no sa~~enii n pa3nHjalheM ompel~eHHx oCoGH
Ha JIH’W0CTH. On 11PHH~2IHHK~ HOBHX renepa
lIHja CC O’ICKyJC ma CTCKH~ 3HaIba, pa3EHjy
C1IOCOGHOCTH H 4lopMHpaJy lipTe JIWIHOCTH 1(0-
je C)’ neonxo~ne 3a IbMIOBO ycneunio yx
my’mBame 3’ nocTojehy mpyurrneny opraim
3auny.
113

Tpehe, mpymTneHa 3ajcmiimla o6e36etjyje
ycj’one, cpeJZCTBa H H3’IHHC O~~~HH3OB~Ibt1
y~iema HeMa Hit J~ThHC MomepHe J~~~1IITB~HC ~a
jenHHUe y KojOJ 6u CC y~eme omnHja.Tlo
Hcxmy’rnBo Y KPYFY nopowme, Kp03 Hello
cpemHo y~emhe LieTeTa y cuaKoflHdnHHM aK
THBH0cTHMa ompacJIHx. Yaewe je nocTanO
coluijanilO H y Hajy)tceM 3llaaemy Tor flOjMa
HOCTOJC HHCTHTYIIHjC KOJHM je jenitHa aaman~
ma opraHH3yjy upollec y’lelba it T~KO oMoryhe
nocTw3albe HOCTaBJ5CHKX uwbena.
4eTBpTo, itpyfflTBeHa cpefll4Ha oThpcl)yje
cTa;pJapAw yCJICIJJHOCTH JflJCIbli, iCpHTCpHjyMe
na odHoBy KOJHX cc npeno3Haje urraje ycuex a
ma i~eycnex. 3aBHdIlo Om TOra KaKO cy cc no
xa~ajia y ~‘4C1bY H HITh cy ycnenama Hay~e, The
ia moGHiaJy HOXBBJIC H noxyme, HarpaRe H
Ka3IIe.
,/(a 3aKmy9MMo. HpBo, TCK y npouc
C)’ C0I{HJEJIHOF y~cma ‘joBeic IlocTaje
RpYLUTBeHO ãnhc, a mcro~ IICHXI4~IKH
)KHEOT ,uoGnja THIIHYHO mylicKe
c~pyrrype Ii ~byrncWife, 1IOCTCI7CHO cc
opraHn3yf C y ony CJJO)KCHY ØyHKI.IHO
H3JIHY LWJIHHY Kojy i-iaaHBaMo JIH’l
HOCT. 4pyro, ãyayhu,aa cc coLwjaJrno
y~emc o,aBHja y rpai-rnnaMa Ha’!HH~
,,cuBoTa K~~~KTC~HCTH’!H0F 3E fipy
LUTBCH)’ 3ajefi.HHIsy KOJOf jenHKa
npsrna~g 080 cc cacrojsi Ha y~cma
K0HK~~THI1X oUpa~azza IloHaLuama H
ØopMnpama o,izronapajyhnx ocoGllHa
Jill ‘IHocTI4.
To cy~~a OCHOSHa pa3JTOr’a .ija, xa,aa
3’ JIJYSH I7JIIIH )KCJIHMO HCTaJIJI 3Ha’faj,
CH&P3’H o6yxBaTHocT ,!lcJIoBama COWl
jaJ1HC cpe~HHc H& paanoj rrcuxwncor
~‘KI4B0Ta ~0BCK4 0 ~~3B0JY JZH’IHOCTH
F0B0~HM0 Kao 0 couHjaJIx43aWijH
JFk!qHOcTH.
qHHHOL]~H COLII4JAJIHOF YqEHA
,LJ~pymTBdHe ‘rnHHOue HFuuiB1u~yan-
HOF paanoja Mo)IceMo UO1IOJIHTH y gBe
OCHOBHe rpyne. Je~jita rpyna o6yxna-
Ta ‘rnHHoue KOjH ~enocpejwo jwilyjy
114
F
Ha pa3BOJ noje)fl!H14a, ca KOjHM je OH
3’ H~H0C~~~HOM z~ognpy, y HHTepaF..
lwjFl. Hasunax~o MX areucu~a H.RH
EJYI1U’IOWIMa COWljaJLH3aJxHje. To cy
pOJfllTeJbM, nopo)~HL~a, UJKOJTh, Bp1fl
maqice H ~pyre gpym~aeae rpyne H
opraHa3auuje KOJHM je2wrnca upilna
ga. JI~pyra rpyna o6yxnaTa OCHOBMC
‘1HHMO~C IcOjil geslyjy nocpegHo, ilpe
MO OHHX KOje 0MG H~3B~JJM arel-IdilMa
UJIM BPU.IH0UHMa couHjaJrnsauHje.
O0H0BMH ‘JMHHOUM dOUHjaflH3aUHje
03’ )IPYIJJTBCHH CHOTOM H Kyirrypa
gpy’UJTBeHC saJegHnue. OHM O.LIPC
Fjyjy ca~gpxcaj, FJ1~BHC O6JIHKe n
OCHOBHC LlHJbeBe coLwjaJrn3auHj e. 3a-
TO ce o6wlHo HasuBajy H3B0JYI1M~ co
LenfaJrHaawlje.
IIOPO,RFH4A
Pa3Boj ~eTeTa flo’IHlEe y flOpOgHl4H. Y
l-LOj H~JI~3H H ynosHaje, HCTHH~ y
CaXCCTOM o6HMy, OCHOBHO O6JIHKe
gpymTBeHMX 0~H0C~ Ha KOJC he
naHhH xajxa H3abe MS HO~O)~HMHOF
icpyra Hnp. y rpyny Bpmaaxa, y nuzo
ny, a KacHnje 3’ pasi-le J~pymTBe1-le a~
THBHOCTM ~eaaite 3a npo4ledHJy H
fl~I4fl~~HOCT ~~3HHM ~~~fflTB~HHM
rpynaMa.
IJcKycTBo cTe’ICHO 3’ HOPOAlHLjH
cjiyxcu ne caMo icao öoraT çboHAt HdHo
cpejjno II~HMCThHBHX 3HaFba H C0IJH-
J2JZHHX BCLUTHH~ Hero H K~0 OICBHJY Ha
KOjH cc ocoãa ocnama 1I~H ry~a~emy
a6HBama Koja onaxca HfIH y KOjHM
y’!ccTByjc k13B~H ilopo,zwnc. Tiopo
)7H’IHH OATHOCH cy M0,IZeJI 33 pasyMeBa
me OCTIIJFHX ,LIPYLUTBCHIIX OAIHOCH.
HdHxono3H cy llOK~ffl~J1H ma yrnpiie KOjC
BpCTC H KOJH OGJIHIIH pomnTemcKor nonamama
HMajy IIajBehH ymuaj Ha pa3noj HojeuHHHx
oco6Hua H ThH’IHOCTH y UenHHH. HclpaxcHna
naje ue3a n3Meby pa3JIW{HTHX na~~~a Hcxpa
iie (Hnp. ThojelLe Hal’! BeIIITa’IKO xpaH,eme, paHo
Hal’! KaCHO Hpecnjaibe ca ThojelbeM) H cTnapa
wa xHrHJeHcKHx naBHxa (imp. B~CMC or
Ho’IHmaH,a ca ne>ic6aneM, ~0dJICj~OCT H
cworocT ne>x6aita) H HCHXH’{KOr pa3noja me
Tefl Hana3H HHd~ 611mM jjOcJIe~HH. Ha HpH
Mep, nexa BCU1T~NKH xpar~e~a Thena cy Gnsia
saHcTa HCWTO arpecHnHHJa Oil Th0~CHC Theue,
aJiH ne3a H3Meby Ha’lHHa xpaH,ema ii arpecHB
iron H iirne ce Morma Hoy3maHo yTlipThHI H. ho
jana arpecHifilor HoHamama 3~BHCH H 0Th
HCKHX apyrnx OKOJIHOCTH
Cuaxa HoTpe6a iteTen je HcTonpeMdllo H
opralicKa H HCHXOJIOfflKa. YcKalaijeirocT 3aJ10-
Bomelba opraiicxor H IIcHxHMK0r ac~ex~a no
we6e je 0110 InTO flOBOJbHO yTHIe na pa3noj
HCHXH~KHX OCOGHHa TheTeTa. ha HpHMep, bR
ycaiono~ ma je ThCTCT~ nbc-I ynno Th0BOJ5HO Kna
JIHTCTHC xpane, M~1bC je Ba)KII0 ala JIM TheTe T~
xpairy mo6itja H3 ThOjKe HJW H3 d)JIamHue nero
~a 3W je HCKO B~CMC ripe xpalbeH~a, y ToKy xpa
ibClb~ H HCKO B~CMC riocne xpauelba y 6mM-
cKOM K0HTaKTy ca MaJK0M (PH3H’IKH )lOThHp,
H3pas J1HU~ H ronop MajKe npomMpyjy c’!Tya
uHjy xpai~ei~a Ha KOMIIJICTRH HH repnepcona.n
HH OThhlOC 3’ KOJCM ThCTC HMa neo~a ~KTHBH3’
yiiory. HcTHna, I5CI ORb HOnamalbeje 3’ IIO’IeT
xy mHc~y3hro, leK C B~CMdIi0M nodiaje CRC H3-
nHtepeHuHpahIHje H moGHia jacHe OmnilKe
KoMynHKauMjcKor noiiaiuaira
TCK ~ana cy Ce 3~HIITC~CC0BaJIH 3~ 011111 TM
0111100 pojxi~rci&a ilpOMa BeTel)’, HCHXOJIO3H cy
6nnH y MoryhhrocTH ma yTBpae HpHJIH’nlO on
GHJIIIC iine HsMeby na~~ira Heronall,a H na
CnHTalba Theue H ncHxHqKor pa3noja ThereTa.
Cpma~LiaH Ham yampxcau 0,111100?
POJIHTOJLH ce pa3JlHKyjy y Ha’IHHy
HdnoJbaBama dBOjHX eMOuHja H
H~MHH~ npnx~arama eMOLIHja meTeTa.
JemHH POAHTCJEI4 cy y eMouHOHaJrnoj
~~3M0HH npe~e,ic~o OTBO~~HH H
CnoHTaHM, a mP3’rH cy 1IpeTe)KHO 3aT-
13O~~HH H ySJXp)KaHH. Y BehHHH
cslyMaj ena Te ~~3JIHKC (1) MaHHM ge
JIOM fl~OH3HJI~30 143 pa3JiHKe 3’ 1CB~flH-
TOT3’ PO~MT0JLCKHX ocehaita, (2)
nenno BHLJIC 03’ ycjxoni~ene TeMnepa
MOHTOM pomnTejba, a (3) i-iaj~nme cy
H3~~3 pomHTemcKHx cxnaTaH,a KaKo H
3’ KbJOj M0~H rpe6a ma Hcnoibasajy
cBoje eMOW-IJe npe~a meTeTy. IIOHXO
JIONIKI-! SHa’iaj THX pas.UHKa je 3’ TOMe
INTO eMounoHanHo 6oraTa pasMeHa,
npeTe)KHO OTBO~CH H cpga’ian O,1{HOC
npe~a jiere~y HCflOC~0~HO Sa,goBo
.rbaBajy ncnXMqxe noTpe6e meTera,
mox eMoulloHanHo CHpOMaUIHa pas
MOna, M3~~3HTO 3~TBO~~H H H~ H3-
rnem xiiama~ O~HOC npe~a meTeTy,
ocraBJEa Te noTpe6e Hesagouon,e
HI-fM.
Orpauwiema 113111 caio6oma?
Haico CBH PO~HT~JbH MOpajy ga KOH
TpOJIHUI3’ aKTI4BHO0TH cBoje ,gege, Be
.nnxe cy pasn~ice Me1~y pomHTemHMa y
nonnemy o6HMa i-i Ha’rnHa cnpo
Boheu,a IcoHTpOne. JemMil Cy minie
CKAOHH ma orpaHH~aBajy noHausaH,e
meTe’ra, ma ompebyjy rn-rn c~e a rn~a
He OMe, ma ra O6aBesyjy ma T~~XCH
omo6peme 3a dEe niTO )lceilH ma ypag~
n cii. TaKaB BH~ KOHT~OJ10 ~am aKmB
HOuihy meTeTa T~M~JEH ce Ha 3a6pa-
H~M~ H ,QO3BOJIaMa, TJ. Ha orpaHirna
Bamy na oeM os~a~a~a Mao
—
TJIB3H OAIHOC. HacynpoT peOTpHKTHB
MOM je JJCJYMHCHB3H OfiHOC. Ty B~CT~
o,rlHoca nolcasyjy PO~HT~ThH KOjH ge
i-ui majy ,,nyHy cno6omy” y ns6opy ax
TMBHOOTI4 H ~FJI~BHOM ~ac~oje ma iix
He OrpaHH’faBajy 3’ HSBOI)emy THX ax
THBHOCTH. ,L~a in he omnoc 611TH napa
3HTO ~CCT~14KTHB~H 111111 H3~~3HTO
flC~MHCHB~H 3aBHCH om EHnie OKOJI
HOCTH, ann n om cx~a~ama poguTeiba
ga irn H xaico Tpe6a KOHTp0JIHCaTH,
yc~epa~a~n 14 O6JIHKOBaTH noua)ua
me geTeTa. Hci-ixono3n Cy noxyrnairn
ga yr~pge KOJH og Ta gna MO~~J1HT~T~
KOHT~OJI~ je HOBOJLHHJH HO paSBoj
JIH’IHOOTI4 geTeTa.
115
 3aKsby’rnx ~no Kojer cy LioffiJul nia
en: noTnyna IcouTpoJIa K~O H O~C~GTBO
cuaKe KOHTpOJIC TeIIIKO omTehyjy pas
flOj caMOCTaJTHOCTH H H~3~BHCHOCTH
DeTeTa. OnTHMaJIaH je cpeww cTe
nen xoi-rrpojie: noTpe6ne cy 3a6paHe,
ann caMo y OJlpflennM aKTHBH00TH-
Ma H cnTyauHJaMa, H norpe6Ha je cirn
6oga 3a caMoHHHuHjaTnBno nonaiua
me, aJlH caMo y y~anpe~ ogpe~eHHM
aKTHBH0CTHMa H CHTYaUHJaMa. Taico
ce cT~apa BadnHTHa KJ1HM~ 3’ KOjOj ge
Te y’rn ga ogsiaxe aagoBoJl,eme CR0-
JHX noTpe6a, ga yuaxca~a noTpe6e H
oqelcl4Bama gpyrnx, ga nourryj e coun
janne HOpMe. )~eTe y’iH ga ~0HOCH
ogilyxe, H ifiTO je HajBaxrnnje, ga Ca
rnegasa nocsieg~ue CB0JHX ognyica.
KapaKTep THX nocne~zwua je ~epa me
rose cnocoGHocTH H apenOcTH.
YKJJaTICO, nopo~u~~a aTMocØepa
icojy fipoxcilMajy cp,aa’iirn CMOLWO
H3JJHH OfiJIOCH :4 CCJICKTHBH~ p0-
CT~HKTI4BHOCT 5’ 0.1~H0CY Ha IIOH~
.uiaae .11er0r4 zrpe.acTaBJLa oln IrMa-
iran J7CHXOROII(KH 0KBH~ 3a pa3BOJ
JIIflH0CTH.
IffiCOJIA
Ca fl0~~CKOM 3’ UIKOJI3’ ge~e gOGHja
HOB3’ yiiory — nocTaje y’{eHHlc. Tnr.te
ce MeH,a meron oGjeicTHRHn cowijaJl
I’m nonoxcaj (3a JIPKaRHY agMHHH
cTpaljnjy ceg~orog~wma~ je ,,IUKOJI
CKH 06Re3HHC), jep nocTaje ‘UTaH
j ernie HOBC rpyne ogemema, a npeico
— cpenlna. (DO13MaJTH3OBaH0 H aytopHTapno py
me H jegne opraHH3aunje — imcojie.
Ca HORHM nono)lcajeM H HOB0M yjIa
roM Mema ce H H~~~OB cTaTyc: caga je
oco6a Koja cRojy npegnoc~ gOKa3yje
ycnexo~ 3’ gpyui~ueno UCH,0HHM ax
THBH0CTHMa.
YTmIaj uiKojre ua paanoj jie’ije JIHqHOCTH je
H BeoMa jaR H namecipyic. ICa.ua Ka,KCMO ,,wxo
.TJa”, onj~a TO 3H~’fli Blue cTnapH.
116
rlpno, luKoJia upeix y~enuxa nocrynno
H3JI~3H ca O6HJECM 110131CC 3H9.H,a H BeWnifla
(npewnhl)enHx H~CT~BHHM flJI~11OM H flporpa.
MOM) H 3axTeBOM Jfl HX KpO3 nacnuy H C~MO-
CTaJIaH pa,u ycnojH. CHCTeMaTOKa HacTana
y6p3ana H o6orabyje pa3noj CIIOCO6HOCTH.
CIIeUH4H’IHe Ojuiuxe JjeMjer MnmJ~eaa ce Me-
aajy. ,Z~ere cne BHIIIC nouaaH 3’ LIOlIHp ca
y3pO’1Ho-nOcJ1eaH~I1HM MOgeJIOM MHIIIJbeH,a.
Hopejt yuehaH,a ~KTHBHO~ pe’mnxa, y neqjeM
je3H]cy ce 4JOpMHpa H 11~CHJ3~H pe’innx, KOJH
n~anen~xy yiiory ypa3yMenaH,y nacrane, >~
Gemixa H OCTaJIHX H3nopa 3HaTha H HRc~0pMa.
uHia.
Jlpyro, y luKoJIHje y~enHK 3’ cTaJIHoj KOMy.
HHiCawfjif ca yMHTCJEHU0M 112TH y~HTeJheM. Ojt
O~~~HHX H JTH’IHHX oco6HHa nacmnHHxa 3a-
31101 xaxo he CTPYKTYPHC~TH aICTHBHOCTH 113
KOJHX ce cacTojH HacTanaH xaxo he yy.Ji,yqnni
y’leHHKe y upogec o6pa3onama H caMoo6pa3o-
naaa JIH’IHOCT nacTaBHHxaje npHanrTaJI o6-
jexar 3a krnenTHclrnxauHiy. MJ1aI)H y~eumut,
no upanHuly, BOJiC cuoje y’mTeJbe ii nacroje
ga OTeKHY mHxony uaicnonoct OHH cc upe-
Ma ~‘THT~Th3’ ojjuoce ca noBepen,eM H TT13HX-
BaTajy CB~KH H,erOB yrHuaj. 3HaMaj
H~CT~BHHK~ xao Mogeula 3a H.neHTHd3HxawTjy
ce ~ema xpajeM ocnoBHe H :1 cpegmoj LRKOITH.
flono~xaj nacran~axa HI4KOMe ayToMarcxH HO
o6e36e1~yje yrIlen y o’IHMa y’iemnca Y~eH1IIIH
cy Mecro neo~a oGjexTHnnH OhjeH,HBa’IH Ha-
cTannrncone OTpy~HOCTH H 1LCT~OBHX Kapaic-
repnnx 0006Hna, hip. Ha RH CC aanaace 3’ pai~3’,
ga HHie noGap cTpy~HaK, nPaBH’iaH oueTbHBa’I
H OH.
Tpehe,ycJIoBHhfopraHu3auLsijayxynHorpa-
118 HXC’IBOTHyWICOJIH olipebyjy WHpHHy H Kim-
.aHTCT o6pasounnx ~cxycrana y~euHxa.
HpeBeulHice, nperpnane H nome onpeMutene
uncone HHC3’ noBoibna o6pasonna H nacnwrna
xoBolleae TaKBHM JuxonaMajom BIllie M~H~3’-
je mnepeconama aa y’leHHxa xao nojegumia,
aa H,CFOB muwnHgyaJIHH no)KHBJEaJ H aerone
pa3nojne MoryhnocT}f. Y IIIKOJIH je gere
Olcp~Z4ceHo He C~M0 neirnxln.1 6pojeM BpIuH,alca
Hero H y’leHmuIMa crapHjHx pazpega, HacTaB-
HHflHM~ H npyrHM mKoHcxaM capaarnwHMa.
HpHnHxa 3a KOMyHHicaiiHjy je MHOrO, aJlHjOUi
nanie je npeupexa, flOgnOjeHOcTH, na H 03’-
j1pOTCTaBJbeHOCTH Meijy oljejbelbw.fa 14
~HM MJIabH y’iernmn y cTapnjnM iiaiia~e
:13013 Koje onoHaulajy.
tIeTBpTo, ycnocnnmame onnoca y o~en.e
J~y, rpyflH ‘IHJH cacran y OCHOBUOJ IIIKOJIH
ocraje yrnaDHoM HenpoMeitcH TOKOM ocaM ro-
gIna, KpHTH’IHa je nqxa yxynnor WKOJICKOF
ncxycTBacBaxorY’ieHHKa.
KYJITYPA
Kyirrypa je Ha’IHH )KHBOT~ KapaxTe-
3a OJi~b~H3’ gpymr~eiiy
aajegnHtiy. Ona ce HcnomaBa y yen-
meHHM o6pacuHMa nonauiama, no
alTO 03’ o6HLIajH H HOpMe. Y OCHOBH
THX oGpasaua cy KyJiTypirn cagpicaju
je3HK, CHM6OJIH, aHama, BepoRama,
—
Hgeje, RpegHOCTH. KyJiTypHH o6pa-
CUH H lC3’JlT3’~HH cagpxajn npeuoce ce
ca renepai~nj e Ha reHepaulli 3’.
KynTypa je gocTnrnyhe MHOFHX
renepaijnja. Y TOK3’ coijujannor y’ie-
ma H yxrby’lHBama y )KHBOT aajegnn-
~e, OCO&I yCIIOCTaBJba BeoMa ejioxcen
ogHoc npe~a xyurryp~ CROj e cpegime.
flpBo, nojegnnau je TBO~CBHH2 K3’JI-
Type: OH yeBaja meiie o6pacixe ~
cagpicaj e. ,L~pyro, nojegHHaij j e HOCH-
.U3L( IcynType: y me~y je icynrypa
gena Ha oco6ai-ie JIH’IHOCTH H
o6pacije HngHBHgyaiinor nonaniama,
na OHO HITO je yCBOjHO H alTO MO)K~ ga
npenece gpyrHMa. Tpehe, nojegHHaij
je KO~HCHHK KynType: xyurrypne
o6pacue H cagp)Icaj e KO~HCTH ga aago-
BOJbH BJI~CTHTO noTpe6e H ynanpeg~
oBoje .jmqne cnoco6nocrn. qeTBpTo,
nojeg~naij je cr~apaizau KynType:
xyn~ypne npoMene HacTajy no pe
aynra~ axtinje OHHX nojegHnaija KOJH
cy y c~amy ga ce cynporerane Tpe-
H3’THOM nope~xy CTB~~H H ga y~egy
HOBHHe. YKpaTKO, JIH9HOOT oco6e H
xyn~ypa cy gna OTBO~OH~ H ~3~~~MHO
paape- noueaana CHOTeMa. Kaga ce 6aBnMo
j egnHM, yBex ce cyoqaBaMo H ca noj a-
~ xoj e npnnagaj y gpyro~~.
,LLPYIIITBEHH CHCTEM
Y paaBHjeI-IHM ~~3’U1TBHM~ H3 IcynTy
pe no ~ HaqHHa
)KHBOT~ HSgBaJa ce ~PYWTB~HH OH
CT~M Huh gpym~aen~ nopega~ flaB
HH aenerru gp3’U1TBeHOI’ OHCTeMa cy
eKOHOMCKa H noJIHTH’nca ~
j a gpymma. YnyTap gpymmenor OH
~ nocToje nelie num name paa
J1HKO y OKOHOMOKOM nouioxcajy noje
IjHHHX gp3’IUTBeHHX onojeBa H 3’ no
J1HTH~KHM onpegememu~a nojegH
HHX .UP3’IIITROHHX rpyna H nojegHHa
~a.
J~pyiinaeiin CHCTCM BHU10OT~~KO
3’TH’Ie Ha ~~3ROJ JIH’IHOCTH nojegnH
‘ia. flpRo, MoryhilocTu 32 HHflHBH
,LryaJTHH pa3Boj ‘LilaHoBa gpynir~ene
sajegnHue aa~nee ~og TH[121 OKOHOM
CKO-nOJIHTHqKOr CHCTeMa iCOjH y moj
~i~aga H og nonoxcaja nojegHHua yHy
Tap TO~ cHcTeM& ~pyro, nonoxaj oco
6e(npeico nonoxaja cnoja aim rpyne
xojoj npnnaga) y~y~ap nocTojeher
CHCT~M~ 3’TH’lC na 4rnpMHpame me
~ HHX HOJIHTH’IICHX H eKoHoMcIcHJc HHTe
peca, ijHJE~B~ CT~BOR~ H BpegHocTH.
HpHnagHHijH CH~OM~WHHX H same
yTHJ~ajHHx cnoj e~a paauHjajy Hera
THBHO CT~BOB~ npe~a nocTOjeheM pe
,fly cTBapH H rpaze X1~OMCHY cBor
nonwicaj a. HpHIIagHHLIH CnojeBa ‘IHjH
cy HHrepecH MaKcHMaJiHo aagoBoJbe
HH, JMI3BHJ~J3’
npe~a CHCT~M~ IIO3HTHBH~
H HacToje cTaBoBe
ga ra
o’IyBaJ y. Tpehe, exolloMoxe paauinxe
ce ogpazcaBajy y OTHJ1~ )KHEOT~ noje
~HHHX cnoj ena, a THMO H y Ha~HH3’ Ba
cnnrama gege. Taxo nacTajy gy6ji,e
i~aj~m<e 3’ CT~~KT~~H JIWIHOCTH. Y
TOM CMHCJI~ C1)pOM FOBO~H 0 COIIHJ2JI-
ibM KapaicTepy, no cxnony upTa
117

JII4qHOCTH H o6paaaua nol-laLuama 1(0-
pi cy o~ipa~ yOJIOBa H Ha’rnHa xcuBoTa
Jby)IH KOjH )KHBC 3’ o~petenoM, Hflp.
KanHTaJIHCTWIKOM IXpyUlTBeHOM nO
peTicy.
flOJIO)KAJPI 14 YJIOI’E
CBaIza ocoGa upI4naJla je1~Hoj 113111 nnwe
npymTBernlx rpyfla. Y cua~oj 021 THX rpyna
ocoöa aay3nMa o31pfleilo MCCTO 113114 zio~oxcaj.
V IIIKOJIM HElp. 14M~MO nojlo)Kaj y~ennxa, 3’ nO
pojiiwi-1 cmia Han xhepa, y cnopTcKoM K.TIyGy
‘i,uana 143111 KarniTefla.
TpeGa pa33IHKOBaTII JIBe BpcTe npymTne
flux noiioxaja. Jewiy npc~y ‘julie nojioxcaju
Koje oco6a nobnja Ha ocuony He~e IcapaxTepu
cTrnce. TaKo cc nnp. na OdHOBy npmlajwocTn
noiiy Him cTapocfloj rpyIIH roBopu o no
aoxajy MymKapua H no.no)icajy zene, no
noxajy JjeTeTa H nono)KaJy oapacilor. To cy
l7pHUHcflHH ROJIOXCBjH. Cnn noilozaju KOjH
TTpOI43HJIa3e 143 cpOJlCTIla, no JIITO cy 1103IO)Kaj
ona wEll cn~a, 6pan niiH cecTpe, nacae~~imxa
H Cii. C)’ npHflHCaHhl noJ1o*aj14. Jlpyry B~CT)’
‘nine noalo)Kajn Koje oco6a unaöepe 11
CUOJOM auTmmomhy. To cy OCBOjOHM 113111
cTeqcHu nonoxcaju. 3anuMaH,a cna.uajy y
~‘
npcry nono~caja Mn GnpaMo salrnMame, wxo
3lyjeMO Ce H nacTojnMo iia ra flO6HjeMo it
3aJlpKIlMO. HuKo cc ne pfla Kao nci<ap, nero TO
nocraje na ocuony cnor n36opa 11 3ajiarama.
McTnna, npnnucann nonolcajn Mory oaaxiiia
TH 113114 oTc)KaT1I cTituame nojeJululix 110-
aoxaja. flonox<aj anna 143 öorare nopoauue
aaje netie MoryhHocTn n36opa JafinMaTha nero
nojio)icaj cuna 113 CIIpOMaWIIe nopoJIllile. Pa
nnje, a y HCKHM cpeJluHaMa H naHac, noilo)Kaj
cuna naje snamo nehe Moryhnocm n36opa 3a-
HHMaJJSa nero noilo)Kaj xhepn.
Va ~naxn coIrnjaJInn iiono~Kaj neaanc C)’ H
oj~pe~eiie npCTe o’IeKnnanor nonamama. 021
sac no y~emi~a nnp. o’ieicyje cc na pe.nonno
naere Ha HacTany, jia pajinre 3aslaTKe, j~a cc
upeMa HacTanHifihliMa OJIHOCHTC Ha KYJIT3’paH
Ha’mH. Ta M cjnnna o’IeKnnan,a ‘nine conic
jiurny y~iory y’icnnKa. Honaulalbe KOJe Ce on
nac o’iexyje y onnocy na GpaTa ‘mue jenny
118
npyry namy cowljailfiy yiiory yiiory cecrp~
—
Ynora, K~KO Ce TO ‘ICCTO ncTwie, yKn,y’Iyje It
npana u oCanc3e. YgeIWK je o6aneaan napejhon.
HO nile na HacTany, aim it~a npano i~a na Ha
mann o’!eKyje nacrannuicony noMoh y
cannauanamy rpanuna, H3Gopy na’mna paija,
npaliemy pe3yinaTa H 031. Y’ieimx KOjil Jo
ycnemno ucnynno cna o’iexunama n~a rlpaso
na DunhaM)’. J~nnsIoMa je cpencTno ~a crexHe
HO~1 counjasinn nono~aj, na nocTane ‘Ulan
ojlronapajyhe npo4ecnje H na cc 6anu onpe
beHoM B~CTOM JIOCJIa 113114 ~a IXOCT3JIC CTYJICHT
H nacrann mxostonaite na EHEIOM oTeneny.
PA3BOJHE ØA3E
4CTHThCTBO, MJIaIZOCT, 3pe.ua .zro5a n
CT~~OCT 03’ yO6H’IajeHH H~3HBH aa
rnaBHa 7KHBOTHa t~o6a. HnlxoBe ica
nei~gapcxe rpa~~ue HHCy onrrpo
o.1~peteHe. Hpno, paanojne npo~ene
ce o~BHjajy nocTeneHo H ~~33UNH-
TOM 6p3nHoM 3’ ~~3flH~HTHM O6JIaOTH-
Ma pasBoja. Taico ~a Ham jefl&ulxa
MO)Ke Hup. 3’ (j)H3H~KOM paaBojy 611Th!
Ha ~3~~CTY a.lzoJIecLLeHTa, a y eMow-io
HaJIHOM Ha 3’3~~0T3’ LieTeTa. ,EIj)yFO, y
npouecn~a caapenama H y~eita, Kojil
cy rnauue lcoMnoHeHTe paaBoja, 110-
OTOjC 3H~TH~ HHJU4BH.X~3’aJIHe pa3JIH-
XC. Y IIIKOJIOKOM o~gememy 0DM ~‘1~HH-
L~H cy, K~J1CH~~~CKH rJIe~aHo, BpuJma
i-rn, aim y pasnojnoM norsiegy pasim
ice Me1~y H,HMa M0~~ 611TH H flO i~ne .no
T~H rogHHe. Tpehe, flOCTOje aHaqajHe
cogi-IjaJiHe ~~3JIHKC He C~M0 3’ B~0T~-
Ma 3aXTCBa 3’ O$$003’ Ha HOB~ reHepa
guje Hero H y ynpe~emavaay JICTKX
3axreBa Kyin’ype ce Mebyco6Ho 3Ha-
‘lajHo pasimicyjy ~i .Ue4~HHHCaThY H
BpCMCHCICOM pa~rpa~wxaaai~y noje
gHHHX )KHBOTHHX j~o6a. ~oK je)rne
K3’JITypC OBOJHM HOBHM ‘UTaHoEMMa
npHaHajy colrnjaimy 3~CJ10CT H WC
Tupajy lix into o~paciie oco6e ca ~zo
cTHaameM HOJIHC 3peJlocTH, !~OTJ1C
flpyre IcyilType npw3HaBame nyl-le Go
gujaiifle 3~CJIOGTH H OJ~roBOpHOcTH
0~JIa)Ky 3a AeceT HJth BHme rognua
nocJIC nocTHsama noJiHe 3penocrH.
flo npaaHny, IcpHTepHjyMH HHG3I 110TH
~a ~iceHe H MymKapue. Me~y cnojeBH
Ma HOTOT’ ~pymTBa MO!’)’ II0GT0JaTH
3Hanie pasJlHKe y cxBaTamy BpeMeH
GKHX rpauirna H3MChY nojegHnHx
*HBOTHHX pasgO6iba. Ha npuMep, Ha
ceily CT~T)’0 geTeTa ce panHje saMe
ThyjC cTaTycoM MsIazrnha ogHocito ~e
aojXe, a onaj 0T~T~0OM o~paciior
qilalla sajegituge.
Pa3BojHe H0~MC Ce ~ory YTBP WITH
sa OHe adnexTe pasBOja ICOjH C)’
IIpBeHCTBCH0 IIOfl K0HTpOJIOM relicT
CICHX qHnHuTaIxa. Oi-ie cc yTBpllyjy CII
CTeMaTCKHM flpal’leIbeM pasBoja Beim
KHX H peHpe5CHTaTHBHH~ ysopaKa lie
j~e. HopMe Tejiecuor pasnoja FOBO~C o
nopacTy BHCHHe, TCKHHe, upoMel-le
nporlopuHja nOje~HHHX geno~a rejia
UTeila 3’ ~eJiHHH, 0 palliheity KOCTHJ)’,
Milulitha, sy6a, cTBapamy MaCHO!’ Till-
Ba, p~CT3’ nojeJXHHHx opra~a H O~!’~H
CKHX cHcTeMa. ilocToje nop~e ceHso
MOTOpHO!’, MHTeMeICTyaJIHOF, FOBOp
HOT’ H H~KHX acrielcaTa couHjaimor
pasBoja. HopMe Ce MOFy KO~HCTHTH y
CP~)iHHH 3’ KOjOj C)’ O6aBJbeHa noeMa
~pama H Mepema. OnpaB~1auocT mu
xoBOF npe~owema y mpyre JjpyulTne
tie CPO2UIHC SaBHCH OJI onune COUHO—
XyJIT3IpHc CJIHqH00TH THX CpeJflIHa.
flcHxonouncHM acneKTHMa pasBoja
mflcxe jcx~HHKe, Te H 11HT~ThHM~ ne
pHojrnsauHje pasBoja, 6aBH cc noceG
Ha neuxosloulia )flIcIjHnJuiHa pa3-
—
Bojna ncHxoJlorHja.
3PEJlOCT .JIWIHOCTh
EyayhH ~a je JiwrnocT oco6e 0310)1cc-
Ha, HPH~3O2XH0 je ~a nocToje MHOFH
noiasaTejbu meiie speiioeTH. I4aj-
BaWHHjH C)’ OHH KOjil yxasyjy Ha c~e
neH HHTerleIcTyaJiHe, eMoUHoHaJIHe 14
couHiajIHe SpCJIOCTI4.
MHTCRCJCTyaJIHa 3~CJIOCT cc HCIIO
ThaBa 3’ caM00TaJIH0cTH npOUeIbHBa
ma, saicmy’iuuama H ogny’mnama y
cHTyauHjH Koja oco6y cyo~a~a ca He
KHM flpO6JIeMoM 113TH CJI0KeHHM nHra
IteM icoje aaxresa oj~’onop. HHTeneIc
T~~JIHO spe~xa oco6a npogemyje Haj
npe B~C~HOCT H 1IOY3AaHOCT padno
JIO)ICHBHX nQgaTalca, KpHTH’IKH pas
~a~pa Moryha sHaqema mx no~jaTaKa
H BpCQHOCT CygOBa H saxi~yqaia KOjH
cc MO!’)’ Ha OCHOB)’ mlix dflpMHpaTfl.
Je~na O)i THX HajHspasHTHjHx 000611-
Ha HHTCJICKT~~JIHO spene oco6e je
cnoco6Hoc’r ~a olinoju oqelcHBama o~
‘jHIt~HHU~ H ga, Ges o6sHpa Ha CBOJC
X(CThC H ocehama, o6jeicnmHo 0~JjH Ha
OCHOBY paenoJIoicHBHx ‘mlteHHUa.
TaKBC oco6e perico 1’oBopC 0 JIHMHOj
)‘BO~CHOCTH 3’ TaqHocT CBOjHX CyL~O
Ba, jep Ta’lHocT j~oKasyjy apFyMCHTH
M~ H JIOFH’IKHM IIOCTyHKOM a HC
Oy6jeKTHBHHM .lio)IdHBmajeM.
HHTeneKTyaJIHo speiie oco6e cy
ycflefflHH npouel-bHBa’IH COHGTBeHHX
dnoco6HocTH H Cn0CO6HOCTH ,gpyrnx
oco6a.
EMOIWOH8JIHa 3~CJ1OCT Ce OFJ1C1X~ 3’
ycKnfleuocTH B~CTC eMo~E-ioHaJTh:iIX
pealcuuja ca dHTyaw4joM icoja ux je
HsasBana H y dn000GHocTH X0HT~OJ1~
Ha~ HaMHH0M H CH~FOM HorloibaBama
THX eMoJwja. EMOUHOHaJIHO spcJIC
oco6e He no,gJle)Ky HarJmM H 6esp&-
sno)ICHHM npo~e~a~a padnono)lcema
QgnHicyje lix ~OJ1~THBHO Blicolca Tone
paHuuja Ha ~pycTpauHjy. He npegajy
cc aHicHosHocTu HHTH je HOTHCK)’jY,
Beh HaCTOje ~ja HgeHTH4mlcyjy npane
H3BO~C y3HeMHpCHOCTH, HaUeTOOTH
Him orpaxa. EMOUHOHaJIHa cTa6HJI-
HOOT cc Hdnoibaua H 3’ CLIOCO6HOCTH
oco6e ga npe~ CaMOM cO6OM 6yge
119

HGIC~CH~ y nornegy npeno3l-IaBama H
Ta’iHOr UMeHOBaI-ba eonemeHnx eMO
WIOHaJIHHX peaKwij a.
Y onHcHBamy ~ ape
JJOOTH noMeHyTa je ,,eaMoeTaJrnocT” a
y onHCHBatby ~MOUHOH~JIH~ apeirn
0TH ,,HcxpeHocT”, HITO jacHo IIOKaayje
~a we H Ta ~a acnex~a apeRocTH
IL~B~HCTB0HO HonojEanajy y couHjaiJ
HOM noi-iamamy Jby)1H. HapaaoM co
zwjaJrna 3peJrocr o3Ha~aBa ce
ciaa~HocT ornu~er o~Hoca oco6e ca
cpeLiHH0M )~ KOjOj 2KHBH, 0H~~MHO0T
x~a capflyje ca JlpyrnMa, y~a npeya~e
IXeo O~I’0BOpHO0TH aa 0OTBapHBaI-be
aaje)rnH’IKHX I4HJLeBa. OHa je npeBa
3HWfl~ H .~IH’IH~ noTpe6y aa aaBH
cHou.Ihy H saXTeBe cpe~~~e aa no
cjiymnoiiihy, ~3IH He 3~TO mTo je 1130-
jjoua~a H ~FOHCTH~H~, Bell ynpa~o sa
TO HITO je HHTCJJCKT3’aJJHO eaMo
0T~J1H~ H 0M0UHOH~J1HO cTa6HJIHa.
CouHjanHo apejia oco6a He HsGeraBa
xoi-’4urnxcTe, Hero ~para aa ThHXOBHM
HaBopI4Ma. OHa Ta’1H0 3H~ ulTa je
,,ecJca.naqHja” xoH43JJHxTa H H~ Ijo
nynrra ~a Gyzie y my yBytIeHa.
CogHjaJrno ape.ne ocoSe npwcna-rajy onoje
ConHjasrne ynore H BOAC pa’*yna a ~ax~enn~a
xoju ce npem thHX nocTanThajy. One, MCJJyTHM,
3a paaJTHKy 0Th cognja~iiio HC3~CJTHX oco6a, cc
Se He rJiemajy i-ioxmyqnno Kao HocHone
onpebeHHx cow-IjaJInHx yjiora. HepcrleKTHna
113 xoje rnemajy napeaJrnaawljy onojux paaBoj
HHX, IIpOAYKTHBHHX H CTB~~~JI~’1KHX nOTCH
unjaiia HM~ BpeMeHCKy ny6nny. Coirnja~ino
apene oco6e .naxo KoMyHaunpajy ca oco6aMa
CEnT yapacta. Haxo cy maBno npenaanwne cm)
je IICTHI-bC 113TH amonedueHTcKe flpOGfleMe, one
He HOpIPTY ma cy TH npoSneMn HOCTOJaJTH. Ha
caj~ammy meny H anonecuenTe ne riiemajy Kao
na a6yHenHje, apcKuje, aaJxyJwwje Hero TUTO
120
r
C)’ H C~MH }TeKama, HCTHHa y ApyraMHjHM oxo~.
HOCTHMa, Gnaw. Counjairno apeJTe ocoGe y cia.
pHM ihymuMa BJ-JJIC H OHO UITO C)’ Te OCOGe
Hexa,aa 6mw H Hffl(NJI~ cc Hehe upeMa IEHMa
O)WOCHTI-1 CaMO Ha Ocuony JtHxonor camauhiter
aJjpaEcTneHor, TTCHXHMKOr H counJaiTHor CTa.
T)’CR.
3penocT 31H~HOCTH je paaBojHa TlOjaa
OllHc KOJH je naneme~ OAHOCH Ce na onpacne
oco6e, na TaB. ,,apeno mo6a”. Moice Ce ronopa.
TH 0 3peJTocTH JW’THOCTH y CERM pa3BojHH),f
nepwomnMa. ICana xaze~o maje Hexo ACTC ,,3pe.
no aa cnoje romaHe”, TO 3H~’TJ1 ma je mopacno
3~XTCBHM~ Koje npea mera nocTaamajy CHTya
unje THUH’THe aa tberOn yapacT.
YIpaTKo, 3~~JTOCT TIH’UIOCTH je pasnOjno
mocTnrnyhe H 3~TO 0 H0j FOBOpHMO xao 0 He
KOM OTIIIITCM MOJICJIY xc jea.nnorja. To ~e ana’m
ma je apejia oco6a Hmcaiuia, Sea HK~KBHX MalTa.
To caMo 3Ha’IH ma ona cnoje MaTTe KOHTpO
nHuTe, ma itx we nopH~e a K~MO3TH ma HX ,,npe
cj~ap6aBa’ y Bp.nHne. HThCaJfli3aJtHja COHCTI3e-
Horjaje Hajnoy3maHnjn 3H~K naTeJTeKTyanHe,
eMounoHaJiHe H couHjaJuIe Heape.TIOCTH.
EJHTAFLA H 3AJ~AUH
1. Hura maMH H3~~ ,,couHjanH3auilja rnf9nocm”?
2. Y ‘leMy CC orilema aKTHBaH OAHOC mpymTneHe cpC
)THHC npe~a paBojyjemHHKe?
3. flo~iohy KOJC ABC RHMCH3HJC MO)KCMO OHHC~TH
OHUITH OAHOC P0AHTCJ1~ npc~a ACTCTy?
4. r~ 6n CC Ha THM AHMCH3HJBMa namnH BauM po~H
TCSbH?
5. 3atnTo NH flpeTepaHa IIepMsrnswuocT NH nperepaua
~CCT~MKTI1BHOCT no RHAOEH POAHTCJTCKC KOHTp0JIC
Nb)’ fl000JLIIH 3a ncnzOcouHJanHH P3300j JICTCTa7
6. KaKO PasyMeTe H3paae: ‘I0BCK je ,,TBOpCBHHa KyjiTy
pc’, ,,HOOHJICU KyJrrype”, ,,KOpHCIWK KyJiType” H
,,CTnapanaI~ icyirrype”?
7. HaBCAHTC HCKO O~ CBOJHX ,,HpHflHcaHHx BO31O)Kfljfl”
H HCKC QA ,,CTCMCHHX noJioxcaja”.
8. Kaxo no aause~ MHmmeIby aelnma yMCHHKa sa
MHWJES y~iory HacTanHHxa, EUra OMeKyje om wera?
IIITa BaLIJH POAHTCJEH cHarpajy ma cy ,,Jiy)KHOCTH H
npana” JCAHOF nacrannuica?
9. Oni~mit-re ca)KCT0 noKasaTcsbe lmTcncIcTyarnle,
CMOLiHONaEHC H COUHJBJIHC 3pCJlOcTH.
B e K 6 a: flopasronapajTc 0 TOMe fflfl 3Ha’JH 611TH
,,apeO sa cuOje romMile” 3’ BJiWHM romnnaMa KW(o TO
CXBaTaTC RH, a xaxo POAHTCJLH H nacTaBnHuH?
12. Teopnje JIWIHOCTII
TeopHie JIH’IHOCTH 03’ CHCTeMH npeT
nocTaBicH Koje Ce oaHoCe Ha cTpylcTy
p3’, J~HHaMHK3’ H ~~3BOJ JJHqHOGTH. Aa
6n H3JIOKHJJH oBoje ilpeTnocTaBice 0
JIHqHocTH 113111 HOjeAHHHM H,eHHM
aCneKTHMa, TeopeTH~ap1-1 AØHHHTIJ3’
nehH 113111 MamH 6poj OCHOBHHX noj
MoBa. ,Ejo6pa TeOT3Hja JIWIHOOTH npeji
CTaBma noro,1~aH 0KBHf~ aa cHcTeMa
THaoBame paOflOJIO)KHBMX noAaTaKa,
ycMepaBa naxcay HoTpaacHBa’Ia Ha
cTBapH Koje 03’ B~)KHC H oMoryhyje MM
,i~a o6j acHe cMHcao, yapoxe H noojIe
jjuixe, npoy’IaBaHHX nojaBa. Teopuje
JJH’IHOCTH HMajy H aHa’IajHy npax
TH~HY ynory. ifiTa Tpe6a 11~OM~HHTH
y 3’CJJOBHMa )IcHBoTa, y MebYJEYACKHM
oAHocHMa, y o6paaosaay H Bacnwra
me Aeue, y opraHHsauHjH parm ii cilo
6oRHor BpeMeHa? Kaxo nOCT2BHTH H
BO1IHTH ncHxoTepanHjy? To cy npH
M~~H naTama Ha KOJ~ paanwrn~e Teo
pHje .E1H’IHO0TH cyrepumy paaJlH’IHTe
oAroBope.
llocrojH ~~J1~THBHO BOJIHKH Gpoj
TeopHj a nwrnocm. Moryhe MX je paa
B~CT~TH Ha nCHxogHHaMwlKe T~0fJH-
je, 6HXeBHOpHOTHMKe Teopuje, TeopH
je l4pTa H XyMaHHOTH’IKH opHjeHTHca
He ‘reopuje.
HCHXOW’JHAMW{KE TEOPHJE
JnqHoCECIl
HdHXO~HHaMH~Ke TeopHje .IIHMHOCTH
03’ 3~0H0B~H~ Ha H~~TflO0T~BUH Aaje
noHatuame HO)1 KOHT~0JI0M HeCUe
CHHX Harm-Ia H npoueca. floTHMy 0,I~
17CJ1XORH~JIHTHVKC TCopkIjC CI’IFMyH
ija cPpojga (S. Freud, 1856—1939).
FPOJ4~ c~wrpa ,i~a ce .JIHqI-IocT paz
BHJa 1-13 xcoH(JrnkIicara HeOBeOHHX Haro
Ha ileTeTa H M0~~J1HHX HO~MH icoje
aac’rynaj y poLIHTeJbI-1. Ca oirnHj ameM
H cMemHBameM KOH4JJUIKTHHX cHErya
uHja paaBujajy ce T~H 0CHOBH~
cTpyxrype (,,HH0TaHUe”) JIH’IHOCTH —
HA, ero H cynepero.
IIJ~ je jearpo JIH’IHOOTH. MHHe ra
6HonomKH HarOHH, 1J~B~HCTB~HO ceK
C3’aJIHH HaroH H l-laroH ~~~~0HBHO-
0TH. Y TOM Hajgy6JbeM 61-Io.nomxoM
~eny JIHMH0OTH H~JJ~3H ce HOBOI~ H
ci-iara cBHX aKTHBHOCTH ‘rnBeIca. Ha
roHcxH HMIT3’JICH Te)Ke H~IIO0P~AHOM
aaAoBomemy, Tenixo no~jHoce npe
npexe H o~jiarame aaAOBOJbeH~a. Ha
n~a ce pa3BHja HOBa OTp3’KTYpa —
EFO, icoja My oMoryhaBa ~a HOA ycjio
BHMa onomamme ~O~J1HO0TH aa~oBo
ibM CBoje HaroHcxe H~nyaoe. Em
nOoTaBJba pe~ocJ1eA: urra, xa~a H K~KO
he 611TH aaAoBomeHo. Ero je paayMaH,
arm y L~enoCTH je 3aBHCaH OA u~nynca
KOJH gonaae 113 HAa. Jl~a 6H na~apxcao
nbA OTaJJHHM H CHaXCHHM npHnIouH
~a irna, ero noc’ryni-io paaBHja H
TpehH cJJOj JIH’II-IOCTH CYHEPEFO.
—
Cynepero ce cacTOjH o~ MOpaJn-n-IX
HopMH, nponaca H HPHHUHJI~H HAea
Jrn xoje je nojeaHHaL~ cTeKaO icpoa Ba
cn~’rame y nOPOAHUH. Yiiora cynep
era j e ~a yTmie ga ce ero H Hg ycxna~e
ca MO~~JIHHM HO~M~M~ cpegHHe. Se
ga)! ~eo cynepera ‘IHHe ero-s-vzcaJtu
(yaopn xoj e nojegnHau noApa)*caBa), a
gpyrfl casecr. CaBeCT cmapa oceha
me KPHBHIIO axo oco6a ~MHHH HeHIT0
mm je cynpoTHO MO~~J1HHM HopMa
M~ H nPm-uulnHMa, a ero-HAeaJl no
ja’YaBa ocehame noHoca xaga ce
3’MHHH H~IUT0 HITO poAHTeJbu, AP3’l’H
H APYLUTBO T~~EC H UeHe.
121
 ~

HgeanHa cuTyauHja cc flOcTinKe ynpocTao Jby)lCKy MOTHBaI*nJy CEOnehH Jo Ha ~pyWTBeHC npo6neMe cy, Taxoije, pe- CXBATAHE J114’WOCTh y
icaga cc cBa T~H eiIeMeHTa JIHMHOCTH— CCKC3T~flHH naroit (srnGu,ao) H Ha JxecTpyicmn. 3yJJTaT CTpaTOFHJe HarpahnuaHa Y
611o.noulKH (Hg), IICHXOJIOUIKH (ero) H 1w H~FOH (l’anaToc). CCM yzcnx xpyrona cne~. paHHiHM cnTyaL~HjaMa y’waa. Cnn’i- ncHxo~orHJM
Genrnca, Maim Jo ucaxonora KOJH cDpojnony
couHjaJIHH (cynepero) — ~o, y OCHOBH pa3J1H~HTHX B~CT~ Hey
TeopHJy rlpnxnaTajy y IIeJIHHH.
4YHKUHOHHIIIY H UOCT~BTh~J)’ 3axTeBe pOTWIH0r noHamal-ba cagp~xauo JC Meby TeopujaMa JIH’IHOCTH KOjHM cc
KOjH HHC)’ onpeMHn. AJIH, jaKH HMHyJI paHHie rEcite. ~ec~o gaje aTpHGyT ,,xyMaHl-IcTwnce”
CH H3 uga H c~pora orparnneH,a H3 nocTOje 3H~THO pasJIHKe. OHO UITO HX
cynepera J~OBOgC gO Tora ga cc ero y
BHXEBHOPHCTHWKO CXBATAEE
MHOI’HM cHTyaI~njaMa oceha ~a JwqHocTH TEOPHJE J4PTA ~HHH CJ1H~l-~M, TO Jo OnTHMHCTH’IaH
nor.meg Ha mygcxy npHpogy, paaBoj
nnauleH, HeycnemaH, HecHrypaH. He He flOTcHUHJaJlc jO~HHKC H y~epeite
xag gona~u go jegHor onu.rrer cTaH,a ilpeMa 6HxeBHopHcTwIxHM Teoplija Teopnie i~p~a no.na3e og npeTnocTan
HCCH~~~HOCTH H 3eGFbe noaHaTor no Ma, .IIH’IHOCT je nojaM KOjHM cc o~ xc ga je JIH9HOCT cneuwPHMHa opra- Taöcqa 121 OcOEHIIEHHOIL4HIAIbA OcOLA
a1-IKCHO3H0CT, a ~e~ag go dnegH4rn’f- Ha~aBa IACJ1OK~JIHOCT 170110 war-sa OCc l-n43aIu-Ija TpajHnx 1.~pTa ii ga cc MoIce KOJJ3ITOCTIVKYFIYHIIPA3BOJ
HOr ocehama H~3~~OBOThCTB~ H Hane 6c~ JIH9HOCT ce 1fl3BHj~ yqemeM, a onucaTn nOMohy n~uecnor Gpoja ga
TOcTH no3HaTor Kao çbpyCTpaukIOHo npouec y’iema cc npneHcTBeHo OI~BH MenalloHanno ge4)HHHCaHHX UPT~ OcoSe KOJC noeTllwy caMoaKTya.nH3auHjy HMajy
CT8JrLC. Ero cc 6paHH Og TaICBHX ja y cOuajairnOj cpegnHH. OcHHBaq pull ocoGana. nehwiy cnemehHxcnojcTaua:
ocehama. Y T~ CB~X)’ KoplicTi-! og 6HxeBHopHcTHqKe uncojie y UCHXOJIO O.nnopT (0. AlIport) Je nPeTnocTa- B4rni<acno ona>Kajy peaJIHOCT H 3’ eTan,y cy ma
6paMSeHe MexaHH3MC. niju BoTcoH (3. Watson, 1878—1958) nHo iia LipTe nMajy 4nl3aOnowxy pamynejaciiohy
EHCprCTCKH H eMoullonannil noTemwJasr c~a~pao je ~a ce JIHMHOCT cacTojH O~ ocHOBY. OH j C pa3JIHKOBao ~ • CCGC K mpyre ocoGe npHXBaTajy OH~KflHM KflBC 03’
‘loBexa K0HIICHTpHcaH je y weronn~ Haronu HaBHKa, O)~ Hay’IeHnx o6iinica no H11’IKC Ji~pTC, oHe KOi C Y H3BednoM GTe- CflOHTaHC Cy y MHu1JbeH~y H flOH~WCH.3’
Ma, H TO HajBHme y ccKcya..TTHOM naroHy, XOjH HaLuaH,a. JIH’IHOCT cc pa3Bnja cTHfla neny HMajy cull JbyiIul 3’ ~ BanJo cy ycpemcpel)elze Ha npo6neMe nero na caMe
cc )‘ ndHXOaHajn-n~pnco~ pe’rnHxy Ha3HBa IlK TheM pa3JIH’UITHX cHcTeMa HaDHIca. KyilTypil, H JC,ZZKHCTBCHC L(pTC, CflOJ- ce&
Cupo. Pa3Boj JIWIHOCTU Jo upoijec Kyjirnauca Hw1HnH~jyanHe pa3JIHxe Meby oco6a-
cTaene caMo ogpe~euoj ocoGn. One HMajy moGap CMHCa0 3a XyMOP
ma cexcyadirror Haroila, o.uuocHo apoixec Ma C)’ w3pa3 pasji~zca y y’ieity xojeM
i~~TC Koje cy najja~e, icoje gajy BHCOKO cy KpeaTnnne
COi%HjBJlH3aIJffjC Jisl6HJIa Op rora iCflO CC Quail C)’ TOKOM )KHBCTa örnie n3jrn*eHe.
ja flcHxoccKCyoJlHu p83B0j aojeawHua 332311CC If onurra .uecaT JrnqHocTa oco6e, Osu- OTnopne Cy Ha fl~HTHCK~ Ica
MM HCKOHBCHW1OHaJIHOCT y1IH4~OpMHOCTH,
HHJC Hako
CaMa 110 GOGH 11H21
CicuHep (B. F. Skinner), noszaaehu ~lO~T j e nasuao xapiti4HuiiJHe ~p TC. • 3aKIlTepeconaIIe cy 3a mo6po6in ~one~auc~ua
caa OCTIIIJQ CB0jCTB3 mervac J1H’IHOCTH, a THMC
o,g cuoje Teopnje y’JeH3a, Irnibe pa3Bn-
11 ThCFOBO pyxuenuo 3ppaBJLe. flpeMa epoJay BehHna HCTpaEHBama nomp1~yje Cnoco6ne cy ma IJHCOKO neHe
Hajnaacnnje eTatle ncHxocelccyanHor pa3uoJa ja GnxenHopncTwIxo CXBaTaH,e Jan ga cyeKcTpaBep3IJja — kU1T~0B~~31’IJ~ HCK3’CTB~
onnHJaJy cc)’ panoM ~CTH1bCTB~, H TO 3’ llpnnx HOCTI4. HO EberoBoM MHuhJbeay CBH
(cTenen y ucoj er~i e oco6a opHj eHTHCa- YcIIoeTaBn.ajy ny6oKe H samonomanajyhe omlioce
neT ro~HHa ,lcHnoTa. Jlorwino Jo ma cy ponilTe IIOjMOBH XOJH cc OIWoce Ha yny
Ha npe~a cnoJbalfllbeM CBCT)’ HJIH mpyruMa, H TO I1~C Ca MaIEHM nero EehhlM GpojeM
3W rnaBHH aETC~3H 3’ npOUCCy cOUHJaJIH3aUHJO ~pamme gHdnoanuHje Hill! TeHgeHfln ocoöa
HarOHcxHx uMnyjica. JIOTO 3’ pOnwremnMa 1w- je cy HenoTpe6HH. Honawaite je y nper~a BnacTHTHM yHyTpauJmHM 36H- Cnoco6i-ie cy ma ca o6jeKTHnnor rnema~n~a
2W oôjezcre 3aponOJLema CBOJHX Haroncxax OCHOEN HacyMmiHo, a flojeJ~HHH naH~HMa) H eMowloHajiHa CTaGkrJrHocr Tpajy
T0)KH,H H flOCC~HJfXC~ o6jeicara aaponoj~ema — HecTa6IIJIH0CT (cTeneH 3’ ucojeM OCO flonamamaxoja BO1(C caMoanyanusawiJsc:
o6pacuH noHamama ce ycTamyjy ~eic
burro Jo nOHamame po1rnTema onpaz icaLja cc ya ThHX Be3yje oIlpeteHo nOT Ga lcoHTpoJIHme CBOJ e eMouHoHaJule )icHuoT ~0KHRJL~B~JY Ha H3~HH xoJHjecnojcTaeH me
llpylIlTheHHx H0pMH, Mopannnx npaBnsIa, bun Icpenmeme. ilpeMa ToMe, cno no peaucllllje np~ H3BpmaBaThy sa It)’ ml: Ca U3’HKM npemanan.eM H KonueHTpawljoM
C)’ y o’rn~a ThOTCT~ H rjiauna npcnpexca 3a~oBo- B~)KHHX aIcTHBH0cTH HuH sagaTauca H)’
Haulaae jegHe oco6e je peayirra~ Bone ma noKymanajy ca IIOLJHM 11011MM y~ec~o ma cc
3bOH~y HarOHcKHx NMJIyJIca. ogHodnMa ca ~~)‘FHM JbygHMa) oc- onpemene 3a cnrypno H HO3HaTO
paHHjer y~eaa HYT~M ycJIOB.rbaBaH,a.
øpojnono flOThC 0 CWYKTYPH, Pa3BOJY H 41~a 6HCMO onncaiui flHMHOCT jegue HouHe gHMea3Hje JlHqHocTH. Ouco TITh • Thoiuinnaie oflelLyjy npeMa CO11CTBeHHM OCehaH.HM11,
~HHaMHhjH JIH’IHOOTH n3BpluHilo Jo noc~a oco6e, goBomHo je ga npoy’rnMo neae gBejy gHMeH3Hj a rpynnuie cc BehHHa He OCfl~111K3’J3’ [‘naG TpamHLwje H ayropaleTa
cnanca~ 3’THUaJ HO Calm Ha flCHXOJIOUIK0 aBa- ocTaju-Ix, cneuHil)w{HHX UpTa. Ha npn- HcKpeFIo nonamalbe, 6e~ npeTuapaiba H ,,H~~3Ibø
Tame JIH’IHOCTH H MCHT~J1HO~ 3mpaBiba nero H
H3Mfly .cpeglmcxHX gpa~xn H pearo
~ama oco6e Ha Te rjpaxcH. Ha npnMep, Mep, ocoGe Koje cy HcToupeMeHo HH- Hrapa
Ha mpyre npyurrnene H~~KC H yMOTHOcTH. En-
aico oco6a noxa~yje aaBHcHo no T~OBC~THO H eMOUHOHaJIHO c’ra6Hn- *CnpeMHocTuaHeHaKnoHocTmpyrHX,aKoceCoflGTBe.
no Jo npcmMeT Mnornx xpHTHKa. rJIaBHH apry
MCHTH KoJe nanoce KpHTHMapH cy ma je Hawan,e, TO ce Moze OGJaCHHTH THM~
He, B~flO J e B~~OB~THO ga C)’ Jom H ha- Ha rnemrnnTa pasnHlcyjy om rnesululTa netinne
Tcopnja yTeMeJbema na lTocMaTpaH,y neypo JUTO jy je TheHa cpegHHa aa T)’ B~CT~ cHBHC, oGa3pHBe, npoMHuubeHe, Ml- • flpHxnaTaILe oflroaopnocm
• YnopilocT y peanH3aItHJH moueTllx outnfla
m~nwx ocoGa a moMe cc o6Jamn,ana cpynjc~no noHamaH,a yuexc narpabnuasia. Himi, poubyGHue, xoHTpouIHCaHe, noysgaue, npeno3llanalbe H on6auanawe H3rOnOpa
HHcaIbe JIHMHOGTH 3llpaBHX Sb3’IIH, ma Je Jni6epa.nHcTnqice peazcguje oco6e Ha )‘~~BHOTC)K~H~ H ysgpxcaHe.

122 123

~a ‘WEeK 3’ concmeHoM pa3Bojy Moxce
OgHrpaTn ~1CTHBH3’ ynory. OHe ce Ga-
Be cy6jeKTHBHOM CT~~H0M ii,ygcxux
HCX~CT~B~ H ynoro~ CBCCTH 0 ce611 3’
paanojy H no~amaay ocofie. O~g6a~y-
jy MeXarn-rnHCnnxa o6jawmema, Gn
no ga gona~e Ha ncHxoauannae unn
113 GllxeBflopliaMa.
JegHa O)~ .HajnoaHaTHjux TeopHja
113 OB~ rpyne je MacnoBmena TeOpHja
o xnjepapxnjcxoj opraHnaaw-zjH Mo
mBa, o xojoj je 611310 pe’rn y nornan
• 31,3’ 0 MOTHBHM& CJIH’IHO OIITHMH
CTH’IKO rJIeJIaH,e Ha Th~)~CK~ flpHp0~gy
14 pa3BojHe rloTeHuHjane 1-IanaanMo y
TeopujaMa Aj~nepa, Pouepca, Eprncco
Ha H cDpoMa.
HITTALEA H 3AJIAUJ4
1. ICoje xapa~Tepncmxe cy Hane~ene y onncy.j~o6pe’
TeOpHje JUCJIJOCTH?
2. Koje cy ocHonne rpyne TeopHja aiwrnocm?
3. HoxyiuajTe LW oJIeJSaX 0 epo3~~onoj Teopnjn ITO
B~)K~TC Ca OJICJLKOM 0 MCX2UH3MHM~ oj~6patie y no
rsiaas~y 0 MOTH1WUHJH. ICojeM ,axeny’ nwuiocm
Cny*e TI! MCXSHHTMH?
4. V noniany 0 y~eay onncann cy oGanuw y’1eI~a na
KojHMa Ce TCMemC, 6HxenHopncTH~xa cxnaTaaa o
c~pyx~yp~ H paanoJy JIWIIIOCTH. Koja C)’ To o6nnuu
y’ien.a? Koje cy auxone ocnoliue xapaKTepucmxe7
5. lbpaa ,,XyMUHHCTII’nca OpHjCHTaUHja y ncnxojiorn.
JU” Will ,,xyldaHHcTn3Ka ndnxonornja” OWIOCH CC Ifl
anine Teopnja 111Th je 3aje)rnn~xo IBM Teoplljana HITO
onpanjiana Taj 3aje~HH9KH Hasnu?
Be MC 6 a: tlopaaronapajTe 0 Macnonmeooj uiacn4rn-
Ka~HjH Momna. Kaxo panyMele nOjaM caMoaKryasIHaa
UHje? ~a ~H MOMtere y CBOM nonaman.y n nouawan.y
Rpynfx in nponabele Heke noxa3aTen.e TeNuLe Ka Ca
MoaxTyarnnaIwjH?
124
r
13. HpoMdue ii
ilopeMehaju .zQrIueBnor
~KHBOT~ 11 uo~amai~a
HOPMAJIHO H HEHOPMAJIHO
EIOHAIIL4ThE
OgMax nama HcTahH ga rpa~nqa ~s
Mfl3’ H0~M~JIHOF H a6aopManHor 1411-
je yneic jacHa H o’rnrjjegija. Koj~
,,HopMaJIHHx” iby~H nonexag aa
na~zaMo o6~rnxe HeHopMaimor no
HanIaH,a, a icog ,,aGHopMasIHux” yoga
BaMo MH0F~ HOTII3’HO HopManHe HO
CT~flK~ H pealcuuie. HaMety HopMa3I-
14OCT11 H HeHopManHocTa flOCTOjH
BCJIHKH Gpoj HPenaSHHX CTaaa.
ilpeMa TpagHuHoHanHoM cxnaTa
i~y oco6a je IICHXH’llCH agpana yxoiiH
Ico yenena ga ce nptularogn cnojoj
CpCgHHH~ ga 3’C110CT~BH go6ap og~oc
ca JIPYI’HM mygHMa H Hate enoje Me
CTO 3’ aajegHHgH. YHonuje BpeMe, ca
ja~aH3eM yTHgaja X3’MaHHCTHqJCII opt!
jeunlcaHe flCHXOJIOrHje H EpHTH’ncor
c~ana npe~a no.nozajy nojegiiu~a y
gpynrrny, Harnaujana ce ga agpana oco
Ga HaCTojH ga ca gpyrliM yCUOcTaBU
KoonepaTHBaH OgHOC, ga cTanHo paa
BHja CBOJC HOTeHIufjane i-i ga 3agono-
n,n cuoje odilonHe mygcxe 11oTpe6e~
HdnxonoaH yxaayjy ga H~H npoue
HH HOpMaJIHOCTH Tpe6a yaem y o6-
3H~ HeKojujico IcpHTeplljyMa. flpno,
H0~M~J1H~ oco6y 0gJIHKyje ~CJIC WHO
on-azame cr.uapHOcr.a HeHo BHI)eme
ctrryagnje, 36HBaH,a, noHazuawa H
oco6llna ~~3THX Jb3’gH je peanu
OTWIHO fl~H31W1H0 OGjelcTHEflo ilpo
uemyje COHOTBeHe dnoco6l-IocTa He
ynym~a ce y aKTHBHOCfl! Icoje yneim
ico npenaae meHe MoryhHocm, ~JIH He
[136eraBa ga cc cyo’i~ ca Te!ulcHM sa
~aIi1iMa Koje 3’3 nOja9aHO H yriop~o
3~jarame Moze ~ petun. Y c~atty je
tia ~OHH cBoje rpeuiice 3’ ona~icamy,
npOLi~eHHBaH~Y, saIcJbyqHBaH,y H Cit H
ita Mx H~H31HUHO ycneui~o lcopHryje.
jipyro, HopMaiiHa oco6a HacTojn j~a
wro 6ome J7o3Haje MOTHBC cojicTRe
n-or cio~a~riama Hourro je cBecHa ga
IhCHM IIOCTYIWH HMajy ogpeheHo
~j1aqeH,e H 3~ y~pyre ocoGe, mm ~a
CTOjH ga o CBOJMM noTpe6aMa, HaMe
paMa, ogiiyxa~a H I’IOCTYIIUHMa CYIIH
WTO O6jeKTHBHHjC. Epso OTK~MB~ no
jaI3y ~exa~usa~a caMoogGpaHe H
11~HXB~T~ HX CaMO icao nug nponas
nor, H3~~3HTO IIpHCTJJaCHOI’ pearoBa
r-I,a. Tpehe, HO~M~JIH~ oco6a je
ynepe~a .zza JIMa KOHT~OJT~ n-au con
CTBeHHM HOCTYIILWM8 H TO ynepea,e
TCMemH Ha O6JeKTHBHHM nogagnMa.
Y cramy je j~a pasiIHKyje nra je flJ~Og
i~eHe Manure, a mm cy qnH,eHHi~e. Pa
3;IHlcyje flOCTyIlice KOjM cy H3~~3 MM
RyJICHBHOCTH 1-13TH cnomauhtber npii
Tilcica OJ~ OHHX Icoje je ~4HHI4J1~ Ha
MCpH0, Ha OCHOB~ concTBeHe omi~yice
113TH ~jceme. qeTBpTo, HO~M~flH~ oco6a
~ ~ cTa6J4JIHy 17~OL(CH~ 0
cEojof BPCLIHOCTH. OHa cc ~e yrana y
cpegHHy, HHTH Ce T~~flH ga 143 me
crp~H. HeTO, HO~M~J1H3’ oco6y O~nH
Kyj e dnoco6HocT 38 P83MCHY oceharbiL
Y craity je ~a yO’IH 3H~KOB~ KOJH HO
icasyjy ‘leMy rexce H icaico Ce ocehajy
gpyre oco6e. CMaTpa cc ga je ycno
cragmame 6JIHCKHX H 3agOBOJT,ana-
jyhHx OgHoca ca apyrHM Th3’~HM~
jcgaH og Haj3Ha’IajHHjHx lcpHTepHjy
Ma HOpMaJTHOCTH. ifiecTo, HO~M~J1H~
oco6a HacTojH ga cnoje cnoco6Hocm
YJIO)KM 3’ J7P0,ITYKTHBHC 2KTHBHOCTH.
HOpMaJIHOCT HHje jegaFi orpa
H1P1~HH oGpasau OCO6HHa H HO
Hamama. HanpoTHB, noHamal-Le
HO~M~JIHHX oco6a je neo~a pa3Ho-
BpcHO. BeJmice cy H CO~MjaJiHe II MB
gHBHgyaJIHe pasntuce y Ha’4HHIIMa
HdnoJbaBal-ba HOpMaJIHOCTH. YKOJIMKO
no~auiame ocoGe sHa~ajno ogcryna
no BChHHH ~anegeunx KpnTepnjyMa,
o~ga je 3’ iII4TaI-E3’ HeKH og nope
Mehaja noHaulama. OgeHa ga 3111 je
pe~ o nopeMehajy noHamau,a o5H~Ho
3’3HMa 3’ o6ai-ip T~H BJ3CT~ lcpHTepHjy
Ma 43yHICgHOHaJIHe, couHjanHe H
—
cy6j eICTHBHe.
UpeMa ~YHKW1OH8JIHOM KpHTepH
JYMY a6HOpMaJIHO je 0140 noHamame
icoje je HeagaHTHEH0, Koje He yGElO
cranma ~~BHOT~)K3’ MaMehy jegHHIce H
me~e cpegnHe. A6HOpMaJIHO je no
HCKO OgycTaje og H3J1~GK~ MS icyhe 3a-
TO IIITO cc GojH Hnp. sapase, nenHicor
npocTopa, MHOU1TB~ Jb3’gH H dJL
Y cnaicoM npynur~y nocroje coisn
J8JIHIJCT2H,ZT8P1ZH Ha OGHOB3’ ICOjHX ce
yrnpbyje ga jm je Heico no~auiame
HO~M~J1HO HuH HeHopManHo. CogH
Ja31HH IcpHTepHjyMH cc pa3JIHKyjy og
~pymma go gpymTna. CeM Tora, ca
IE1~OMCHOM mpymma Meltajy ce H KpH
TepHJ5’MH Ha OGHOB3’ xojwx cc neico
noHautame npornamana HeHopMan
HuM. Y Hauioj K3’JITYpH 6H cc HeHop
M~3THHM c~a~pano noHauiaH,,e Myni
ucapua ucoj~ cc -rpajHo onpegeimo 3a
nocuone 3’ 1(34111, a Hpo4)edHOHaJIHy
ucapiijepy npenycmo )uceHn. Aico 611 y
Heucoj )KHBOTHOj 4IaaH raucan MyIlIKa
paujipmao imp. y genpec~nuo crame,
gei-rrpanHa T~M~ 01(0 KOje 6n cc np~e
no ,,o6jauuteme” H ene~ryan~a ,,gH
jarHosa” yuanpeg 611 6HJIH cnpeMHH:
>xctuneo je y aecicnagy ca CounjanHo
The4HHHCaHOM HOJIH0M ~J1OFOM Myth
ucapga. HeocTnapeua icapnj epa aauc~a
Mo)uce 6HTH 3’ Cflfl~T3’ 4)aKTOpa KOjH go
noge go genpedllje, aim genpecflja
oco6e icoja je ~anycmna icapujepy
MOace HM~TM H cacBHM gpyry eTHono
nIjy.
125
 Ba>Kau je 14 cy6jennBHi’rKpIlTepI’z-
jyM MilorM MCHTaJWH nopeMehajH Ce
HcnomaBajy 3’ I1pOM~HH pacnono>we
H,a, HcO6jaWT-EHBOM HarJTOM MeI-bafby
ocehau,a, y tIecaHHflH, ~~3HHM Tejie
CHHM Tero6aMa H 6onoBHMa. Heice y~u
jarHo3e cc ~~J1~BHOM TeMeme Ha
caMonpoueHaMa naulli CHT~ 0 BJlacTn
THM yH3’TpaUIH~HM cTamHMa.
flocTojil BHLU~ KnacH4rnIcauHoHHx
clicTeMa MeHTaJIHHX rlopeMehaja. On-
me heMo ca)TceTo onncaTI4 caMo rjzan~c
IcaTeropuje MeHTanHux nopeMehaja.
HEYPO3E
Heypo3e cy 6na>icu ncHxwiidH nope
Mehaju. HcypoTll’IHc oco6e ycneBajy,
ucTHHa ca mime 113TH ~aite cMaH,e
HHM icanaWiTcToM, Tha cFYHKUHOHHUJY
CBOM coux-IjanHoM MHJb~~ H y
Hanpmanamy cnojHx P~~HHX O6aBe3a.
OcHoan’-’ CHMI1TOM 113111 ~ He
ypo~e je IJHKCMO3F-IOCT. J4cnon,ana cc
y numy yonui~e~or 113111 cfleLlH4)H’lHOr
crpaxa, BeJIHKe HarleTocm, ocehaH,a
6ecnoMohHocm. HeypoTwrHe oco6e
‘lecTo nate Oji~ HecaHHL~e, CTOM~9HHX
Ter’o6a, cna6e lcoHueHTpauHj e na>KFLe
H ceKcyaJTHHX npo6neMa. floulTo 1111-
cy y MoryhHocTa ma peme cnoje npo
6neMe, a y )KCThH ma cc ocno6ome
aHIccI-Io3HocnI H rlpaTehHx cHMHTOMa,
oHe npH6eranajy MexaHn3MHMa om
6paHe. Pe3ynTaT je clcpoMaH: Mexa
HH3MH om6paue oTIcnamajy ca~o
MamH meo aHIccHo3HocTH, a cTnapajy
Hone npo6netvie. Heyporwrno 170-
Haruame je pHrI-IRHO: Halco Je Hey
clielliHo, oco6a ra yIIOpHO flonanmi
OHCCCHBHO-KOMIIYJT3HBHC pC8KL(11-
je ynaae 3’ penep~oap HCy~OTW41~OF
noHanxama. Oncedllje cy CT~flHH Ha
nam~ HeAcemeHHx MHcJIH. Te MHC31H cc
Mory o~HoCHTH Ha ~ camp)Icaje,
126
Haj’Temhe Ha H~M0~~flH~ pamme, Hnp.
Ha pa~apame ne’iera, y6ncTno uexo
ra, CC1C03’aJTHH eraH6rnwoHwsaM H cii.
T-Icname. KoMnyn3HBHn nocTynL~n cc
c~aro~ nome i-xe ~ory cnpe~wrn, ixe.
Icama cc ~ory ca~o MaJIo omJIoxcI-ITH
Mory cc cacTojaTH 113 jemHocTanrnIx
pammw (Hnp. oeo6a oceha Heomon,HBy
no~e6y ma ~exe CTB~~11 3’BCK CflOZc~j
113W nopfla Ha ompfleHn Ha~nH) ~Jfli
113 pa3paheHHx pHTyaJIa Ha Icoje
~pome Behn 1~eo pacnonoznnor npe.
Mel-Ia (i-nip. ma Ga Gana cnryp~a ma je
3’1CJ1OHHJT~ cBy npJbanmTHHy, Oco6a
He M0)I~C ma ,,motie K ce6H” moK cBc no
icyhH u Ha ce6H He onepe rio T~H ny
Ta).
‘Po6wIHe pealcw-Ije cc ncnomanajy
y BHmY moIcHnmaja CH~)KH0F cTpaxa y
mom~py ca HeKUM o6jeicrnMa 113TH Cfl
TyaunjaMa, H~K0 OHH He npemcTan
majy ~rncaicny pean~y onacuoc~ icoja
6~ onpanmanana ~aicny CMOIXHOHa31Hy
pean~itjy. Oco6a jacHo ynn1~a Heo
CHOBaHOCT 113111 X1~CTC~~HOCT cBOr
cTpaxa, ann °m ocehama c~az~e aH
xccHoaHocTH MO)KC ce Om6paHHTH caMo
1-nGeraBameM o6jeicTa 113114 dnTyaulljc
om icoje cc nnauiu. CIIHCaK onileaHux
4o6nja ,,HeMa xcpaja”. Hexe cy: lila)’
cTpoçbo5zja (cTpax om ~amope~or
npocTopa, oco6a HrIp. He CM~ ma yte y
JTHtT, Tene4JOHcKy xcaGnHy, ayro6yc ii
en.), aropaØoönja (erpax OJL oTnope
HHX npoeTopa, oco6a Hup. He CM~ ma
npfle npe~o rpra, non,a 11 en), arcpo
Øo6Hja (crpax em BHCOKHX MeeTa, OCO
6a imp. He CM~ ma ce IIOHHC Ha T0~~Th,
KpOBH3’ ~epacy 11 en.), HHn0ØO6Hj2
(c’rpax om Mpaxa, imp. ocoGa imicama
He FaG! cneriio y npocTopx-ijn y iw
joj cnaBa), MH3oØO6HJ3 (erpax oil
npmanmTHHe, oco6a Hnp. reHepajn-Io
me3HH~wcyje xo~enexy co6y ripe He.
FO urro cc ycyjw ma ynorpe6n nojemli
He cTBapn) nTJ~.
XucTepuja HJ711 KOHBC~311BHC pe
uwije nenomanajy ce y numy 4u-
3wIlcHX cHMHTOMa IcOJH ~e~ajy
j-niIcaKBor opraHcxcor y3poxa. CHM
IITOMH M0F~ 611TH: ‘IyJTHH (ry6nTaK
oceTJbHBOcTH Helcor maim rena, ciTe
noha, FJIyBoha), MOT0~HH (napanilaa
ymona 113TH ue.ne cTpai-xe TejIa, nope
Mehaju ronopa, MHmHhHH TpeMop) H
nilcuenapHil (HacTYHH icamma, Iclija
ma, mTyuaiba, rymema, 6onona H cm).
CMaTpa cc ma cc aHlcdHo3HocT icON
nepTyje (npeTBapa) y renecue CHM
riToMe. Te nojane cy BeoMa ‘TecTe Icom
nojHmca npem Gop6y, cnopmc~a npem
TaKMH’1eH~, y~JeH1-1Ka npem HcIIHT.
HeypoTcica ,lzenpeci-ija je peaxcwlja
Ha y3HeMI-lpyJyhFl mora~aj icoja cc
ilcnomana y Heyo6nqajeHo jaicoj i-i
myroTpaiHoj Ty311. HHTeH3HTeT 11 Tpa
jalbe HC3’pOTCKC menpeduje 113JT~3~ 413
oxn~pa yo6wiajei-tor pearonama Ha
cHTyaulljy Icoja je H~E1OCPC~H11 Y3~OK
menpedilie. genpecujy Mory 143a3BaT14
~~3HH mo>xnBmajJJ — ~ieycnex y ulico
nil, na noc.ny, ry6i-iraic BojEene oCo6e,
GonecT, cTapel-be, odj-lpoMameme n cii.
Hcnomana cc y numy nacHnnocm H
yTy’IeHocm, ry6in-ica omny~~ocm ii
HH1fl~HjaThne, He3aHHTepeconaHocTJi
3~ 611310 mTa 113111 611310 icora. flcHxoa
HaJIIITH’IapFi cMaTpajy ma ce pam~ 0
arpecl-IJH OicpeHyToj npe~a CaMoMe
ce6H, moic ~a 6HxenHopHcTe TO je
x-lay’leHa GecnoMohHocT, ynepe~ocr
oco6e ma HeMa IcoHTpony ~am cilTya
uiljoM H nacm~Ho npenyurralbe TOK3’
morataja.
CBH mymu noHelcam y 6na>xcoj 4op-
MM mozcHnibanajy ai-ilccHo3HocT, i-lane
TocT, 11PHHY~FIC MHcJIH, pi-ITyajiHe
pamme, crpax om ~~3W4X cTBapH, me
npecHjy H nacilnHocT H 36or rora nit
cy HeypoTnqHpf. HeypoTH’IHc oco6e
Te cimin-roi~ie mo1cHBn~anajy cTaJiHo 11
y creneny KOjFt yMamyje J-LHXOBy CO
luijanHy H pamay e4rnxacnocT.
HCKXO3E
fIdHxo3e cy TeillidH 113TH BeoMa Tem~i-~
nopeMehaju ridHxH’ilcor )IdilBoTa xoz~
lcojllx mona3H mo ryãzTica KOHTOSTa ca
peairHoLcthy H me ae3UHTerpaunJe
JIM THOCTJ-I.
Oco6a ry6H KOHTaKT ca pean
Homhy jep mime Haje 3’ crauy ma pa
33rnKyje One m~o crnap~o onaxca om
OHOra HiTo je nnom H,eue 4~aHTa3Hje.
OHa )KHBH y cncry 3a6nyma a xanyi~n
Hauuja. 3a6ily~e cy norpeuiHa Bepo
nai-na icoja onc-rajy ynpicoc HecariTa
CHOCTH ca o’IHrJIegHHM ‘1HH,eH11~aMa
OHe Ce MOF3’ OmHOCHTII Ha pa~~e eTna
p1-i, a najTuna’i~uje cy 3a6nyme o con
cTneHoj Jfl4’IHOcTH (nap. Hmeja BenH
‘H-THe, oeo6a MT4cJIH ma je Hi-lico mpyni
mo XpncToe, HanoneoH H ca.), mpyruM
mymn~a (nap. umeja nporanama,
oco6a nepyje ma HeRo xeiia maje y611-
je, oTpyje) H 0 OKOJIHHH (Hnp. ilmeja
cnomHe iconTpone, ocoGa Bepyje ma
HeRe ene~apcice CHJTC ynpanmajy
HaWHM )4dHB0THMa). XaJIyIjn-HawlJe cy
‘IyJTHH mo)KHBJT,ajn 3’ on~cycTBy o~ro
napajyhiix cnojbauntnx mpaxcw Oco
6a ~yje macone, BHmH dJ1HR~, oce
TI-i MT-T~i-IdC H yxyce. XanyuHHauaje
o6wtiHo join nHme noja’ianajy 3a631y-
me xoje oco6a JIMa 0 ce6n, ~P3’FHM Jby~
maMa H OIdO3THHH. MeeTe cy Harne
flP0M~HC pacnoiloxcen,a, F0BO~H11 110-
peMehaju H nopeMehaja naMhen,a.
Cne cy To CHMTITOMI4 nporpecHnne me
3oprannaauaje 31H’IHOcTH.
TIcMxo3e ce mene Ha oprancxe
(y3polc TIM je omTehen,e ~epnnom cl-i
cTeMa, nonpege mane, MoxçgaHH Ty
MopE!, MoxcmaHe HH4eTcuHje, rponame
Hap OJT0BOM, ymn,eH-MoHoxcH~oM,
mpora~a a cm) a 4ynxuHoHa3THe
(y3poic d3’ MM ITCMXH’IKH nopeMehajn,
H3BedHor ymeiTa Mom)’ HM~TH mel-leT
CR11 V opma~eicn 4aKTopu). ~yHxuao
127
HajiHe ncHxoae CC )~CJIC i-ia ~annq~o
-)~enpecHBHe H CXH3O43PCHH’IHe rICH
xose.
11CHXOHAThJE
HdllxonaTllje C)’ nopeMehajll JIH’IHO
CTH ICOjH ce HdnoJbaBajy y no~amamy
Icoje je ulTeTno H H~rI~HXB~TJbHBO ca
CTaH0BHHJTa ~pyIuTBa, aJIH He H ca
cTaHonHulTa cane ocoöe Koja je y rrn
i-amy. flcHxonaTa He ,I~olcHnmana aH
KCHO3HOCT HFflH cBe oHe HenpHjaT
HOCTH Koje oHa Moxe yi~a ~oHece, Te
HCM~ HH zejsy ~a ce Mema. Heron
)‘BH~ y peanHoci- HHj e orni-ehen, HUTH
aona3H Z~O CMameita HHTeJrexTyaJi
HHX CflOCO6HOCTH (ocHM HH~HpeKT
Ho, HElp. icao nocjieyu~a ajucoxo
.UH3Ma, HapxoMaHnje H c.~i.). HcHxona
Ta CJIMH CBOjC UMnyJIce, He HO~HOCH
o2uiarame ~a~o~oi~ema CBOjHX no
rpe6a Ma icaicne oHe Gime, He o6a3upe
CC Ha noTpe6e ~~)‘FHX H HC oceha
KPHBHLIY xa~~a y’IHHH HCUJTO Ha IEHXO
ny mTeTy. IICHXOTIaTC ce noHamajy Ha
COUHJaJIHO HCH~HXB~TJFHB HaMHH,
jep HM He~ocTaje M0THBaUHja ~ga
yna)IcaBajy couHjailHe FIopMe, a HeKH
Ma H~~j0CT~J)’ H BCIIJTHHC cO~HjaJiHo
fl~HX13~TThHBOF noHamama.
flCHXOTEPAHHJA
HcHxoTepanllja je HaqHH pa~ia ca Ha
unjeHTHMa KOJHM HM ce noMaJice j~a
CTCKH)’ KOHT~OJIY H~A 4~aKTOpHMa 1(0-
jil C)’ HO~CMCTHJ1H HzHXOB )KHBOt
OcTnapHBame mr q~ma TCMC~H ce
Ha HHTepaK1~HjH i-epaneyi-a ii
jeHTa. KOpHCTe ce ~~3flH~HTC MeToJ~e
yTnptJHBaHr,a cHMnToMa, J~ec12HHHca-
Fb~ H caana)flBaH,a Temicoha. Y ocilo
BH Tepani1jclce cTpaTernje ~ory 6HTH
~~3JIH~HT~ TeopHje .xInqHocTH, K~O H
128
dne’lH4rnqHe i-epan~jcice
flopeA HHJ~HBH~)’~JIHC ncHxoTepanw
TeopHje.
je, rIOCTOJ~ H J3~3HH O6JlHflH rpynHe
ncHxoTePanHJe.
OEJIH]JJ4 HEUPHJ1AFO’IIEHOr
HOHAHJAIEA
nPECTYrIIll~III1TBO 113111
,IJEJTIIBKBEHLIflJA
Y CB~K0M )~pyWTBy, Y CBaKOJ ~
LUTBCHOJ rpyllH nocToie i1P~iBHJIa !b0-
uamama. Pa3.smlcyjy ce o61-naJHa
I1~~BHJl~ H II~~BH~ npaBlina. 06H’iaj-
Ha H~~BHJI~ cy j~eo KyilType, Ha’IHHa
)I(HBOT~ H myIw FIX ycnajajy aaJe~Ho
ca o6pacunMa cna~o.n~en~or no-
Haulama. ilpauHa npaBHna cy FopMa-
.mHsonaHa, 3anHcaHa Y HeicoM aalcoHY
Him flpOflHCy. TepMHHOM JlpeKpJllaj
HJW neirun (un delictum, npecTyn)
osHaqaBa ce cBaKa zjesIaTHocT icoja je
3’ )~aTOM j~pymi-~y rI~OTHBrI~~BH~ H
o~y~a KaAcFhHBa. Hoce6Hy rpyny
‘IHHe KpI1BII~HHfleMIrrH, KOJH CC J~~-
me ~eue Ha 3JIoqs-IHC (Tenuce nonpe~e
i(pHBH’IHHX nponHca, aKTnnHocTH KO
je cy BeoMa onac~e no 3aje~1HHUy
H/mill aene ‘i.naHoBe, imp. no.Jm-
TH’IKH, npHBpeRHH, K~BHH H cexCyall-
HH .gCJTHICTH) H H~ ripeicpzuaje (naicwe
nonpe~e npan~ux nponHca).
H3pasoM KpUMHH au (nat crimen, 3Jio’nm,
K1)HBWflIO meno) 0311a’iarra ce H3npmanau,e ax
THnHOOTH KOje nocTojehu mpymTneuii nope
maE cMaIpa TCUIKHM nonpemaMa ripanHor
CHCT~M& Oco6a Koja H3B1)fflul Taxan K1)HBH’IHH
meJmKT OGH’IHO ce 03Ha’lana xao JCpHMHHOJIQIK
HuH 3J10’IHHaIA’. HapaaoM ndnhcHIcneHwlja (mat
delinquere, norpemwrH) o3aa~ana ce Hanpma
name aKTHBH00TH Koje cc cMa~ajy Mau,ur.I no
npemaMa aim npexpmajHMa npanunx nponnca.
Oco6a icoja 1438p11111 Taxan npexpmaj ,,npecTy
RH” 111)81(0 JTHHHjC moanoiseuor, o6n’nio ce 03-
ira’iana xao RCJ1H11KBC~- Him HpCCTyIIHHIC
r
%l3noLpi R~JIHu1KB~HUlij e
ç{3rjlega ~ia je yBex 6mm oco6a icoje
C)’ ,,npecTynaJle” rpaiinue ~O3BOJbe-
nor, aaHer.4apnna~ie oOnMaje, HuJne
~pOTHB nponHcaHor. KOjH cy ~3~OUH
XpHMHHaJIHTeTa H I~eJIHHlcBeuRHje?
Mnore ~ay~e cy, na H ncHxoilorHja,
110~ymaJIe j~a O~U-OBOpe H~ TO m-rrame.
y3pOKa HM~ MHOFO, noMeHyheMo Ga-
MO rilaBue. ITpBo, caM ~~)‘1UTBCHH rio
peRaK HC43yHICIIHOHaJIHa OpraHHaa
—
guja ~pymTna, He.gocJIe~aH nparn-m
0UCTCM, pacnojaBame Ha 6orare H Cli
poMalUHe, HeaanocjleHocT. )Jpyro,
gpylUTBeHe npoMeHe, Hapo’IHTO MM
rpauHje, cna6e cow!ja.rIHe Beae Me1~y
JbygHMa, ~apymanajy TpagHIXH0HaJI-
ne o6pacue nouauian,a, ~apyuianajy
ce MOpaJIHe HO~MC H E~C~HOCHH OH
~ y qeimHn. Tpehe, BacnHTHa 3a-
nyUITCHOCT HuH r(enHjaHTaH TOK
npoueca couHjaJmaaI~Hje Z1OBO~H ~O
umpema fl~CCT)’IIHHIUTB~ Me1IY ~e
~oM H OMJIaJ~HHoM, c~~apama cJIOja
XpOHHLIHHX ~CJIHHKB~H~T~ H IcpHMH
nanana. ~eTBpTo, Hexe HH~HBH~yaJI
He K~~~KTC~HCTHKC ‘IHHC nOje~HHe
ocoGe neoMa nplijeM’WBHM Ha ripe
GT)’~IHWrI(C o6pacue noHaulama, Ha
npeeTylIHH’IKH ,,CTHJI” KHBmema.
HecyMH,Hno je ma cy one one rpyne ‘iuuw
.naua ysajaMilo HcnpdnneTeue, aiiM aa~uaTaz
~ je ma npneHcTneuo pacneTirn
11aIHHoue 113 wehe u ‘leTfipTe rpyne
BacrnrrHa nanynn-eHocTje ornirru n3pas 1(0-
ce o3HaManajy: (1) norpeman Ha’{Hn Ba
cnwrama H (2) Hemonomua 6pi-ira 0 meuH, 0
IbHXOBOM pa3nojy, o6pa3onamy H yicibyMHna
Ihy y .zipyunneny cpemlmy. BacnHTna 3a-
nynrreuocT ce janna ~ama PO)XHTeJbH ne
ucnymanajy onojy yiiory, 6HJIO 3~TO into 03’
o6jelcrrnluo cnpe’ieuH (imp. Tein~a GonecT, 3a-
flocjieae 14381114 Mecn 6OpaflKa, H321PZK~B~ThC
Kaane), Hill! inTO He 3HaJy H 118 weiie mace no
cneTe naomimmy cnoje mege (imp. HuTemeic
Tyanua aaOcTaJiocT, Kpajma o6paaonna
lanyurreHocT, nCHXOnaTcKo OJ~0y0TBO cHMna
Taje upe?.rn menu H ocehama MOpairne omronop
HOCTH, OmuTa panhiomymuocT icao nO0JIeJ~Hjja
arncoXOJHl3Ma, CKHTI5C H on.).
IJJYTC J1H’1HocTsc cy 6i-vie npi-usnaqua Men
HCHXOJIOIIIKHX Hcwaznnama 3’ 1)8311MM ocr
MC1ITHM~ npecTynim’nce nonymagaje. J~a nit
nocToje ,,ZICHXOJIOUIKH npo4niim” H3BpmHJia-
ua nojenrnrnx npcTa xpnnwrnux men? Omro
flop je; nocToje ireice oco6rnie H K0M6HH8Jfllje
oco6rnra icoje cc Meruhe janibajy Kom npecryn
nurca uero y uopMaJmoj nonynawrjit Meby
npecTynlmuHMa je name Mymicapana uero
)lceHa, inTO 6n ce Morno none3arH ca ‘lHu,eHH
flOM ma cc ~yuncoj menu maje nume ono6ome y
xpeTau,y ix mace ira i~i-rxone ,,Hcname” riiega ca
nHme GnaroiiaxnolrocTH. UpecTymlH’JKo no
Hamaibe je upnnna”nmje nonpHmTe 3a caMo
moxa3HnaIbe counjanHo neapejmx Mymicapaga
nero comijaimo ne3penux xena. MCbY meqa
UMMa JC na tWill! ma ce ypam~ HeffiTo inTO
onacHo. Onacire C)’ H CTnapH Koje 03’ 3aGpame-
118 H Koje ce ciporo Kawcibanajy. EMoulloHanHa
HecTa6uJiHocT oco6y ‘ICCTO monomH 3’ 1(011-
4MIHKTHC CHTyaltHje HuH npomy6n,yje nocTo
jehe IcolrcJ)mmcTe. 2(CJIHHKBCIITH CC EC pa3JIsc-
xyjy OR HCRCJIHHKBCHaI-a TOJIRKO 110 TOMe ‘1CM)’
TCZC H KOJC lipeRuoCTic UCHC, KOJIHICO 110 cxnara
1L~ IcaKo CC 2W rora ROJTh3H H CZIpCMHOCTH LW
u3aCepy coizujanno npsIxnarJbuB nyz
Mepe 3a cnpe~aname .L~ernnucnemuIje
HpeBeHTHBHC ~epe Ce cacToje y OT
icuamamy yapoica. Y Hajunipe~ CMH
Cay, TO je ycrioc~a~i~ame xy~a~nx
ogHoca y flpymmy. IIeKH o~ noxaaa
i-eisa ~atcnnx o~Hoca cy: EHeoxa aano
cileHocT, MoryhnoCT ga Ce cnoco6Ho.
CT!! H SHame ncicaxcy y npo.UyKTHBHHM
H KOHCTpyKTHBHHM aICTHBH0cTHMa,
ycicnfleHocT aapa~e ca peayirramr.w
pa)~a, EncoK coUHjaJiHH cTaH.gap~g y
o6.nac’rn o6pasonama, icyirrype, s~pan
cTneHe ‘samTHTe, s6pnmanama .I~eue
Sea po~nTen,a ii oco6a Hecn0006Hnx
3a pail, o~napame dneI4HjaJiHSonaHnX
yCTaHOBa icoje noMaicy nopo.IlnuaMa H
Hoje~HHuuMa KOjH cy 3’ K~H3H H Cli.
129

KarmaaaIbc je, TaK01)e, jew~a oJ~
H~~B~HTHBHHX Mepa. Y TOM CMHCJW
Ge, Gap y na’iejly, o’Iexyjy ~u~a e4exTa
jeflHe Ica3He. HpBO, o’ieicyje ce i~a he
Ka3Ha, Ha OCH0B3’ MexaHH3Ma Hera-
THBHOr noTKpenJbeH,a, cMamHTn Be-
poBaTnolly ~a xaIrn,eHa oco6a HOHO-
BH HCTH HuH CJIHqaH npec~yn H, 1~PY-
ro, OMelcyje ce ~a, TIyTeM MeXaHH3Ma
oflCepBaL{HOH0r y’JeH,a, dnpone,fleHa
lca3Ha 3a ~pyre oco6e Gyyxe 3HaIc j~a ce
pa~~ 0 HOCT3’FH(y KOjH HMa HeflpHjaT-
He nocJ1eJ~HL~e. E4HKaCHOCT T3B. ,,Ka3-
HeHe IIOJIHTHKe”, Ma xaic~o HCHXO-
.nouiKo pe~ono~ame cTajauio H3~ me,
3~BHCH fl~B0 OJ~ QgHoca peaui~e
yMecTanocTH npec~yna H Gpoja OT-
K~HB~HHX npecTyna, H, rn-ImTa MaH,e,
O)~ ,I~0CJ1eJI$OCTH Ka)lcILaBama. Aico
0MHrJIeAHH npec~ynn oc’rajy ,,HeoT-
KpHBeHH” a OTI(~HB~HH npouia~e He-
Ica)xmeHH, )‘M~CTO npeBeHTHBHOr H
3aUITHTHOr KapaicTepa, IcasHeHa npax-
ca nocTaje je$.aH 0$. MHHamalJa nopa-
eTa npecTynHrnuTBa, onurrer cjia6-
~~ema J~~)’IUTB~HHX HO~MH H Bpe$.HO-
0TH II 0Y$.~OHHK 3’ $.e3HHTerpauHjH
~pymTBa.
PecoI1njaJrn3a~pija je cxyn paaJlH-
MHTHX IOpeITHBHHX ~epa aa icoj e cc
npeTnocTaBma s~a ~ory $.onpHHeTH
,,npenpaBuH” norpeuIHO 4?opMHpaHe
JrnMH0CTH. OHa nonasu o~ OflTHMH-
cTH’Hce npeTnocraBlce $.a y c~axoz~t
~onexy nocToje noTeHUHjauu sa npo-
~O’KTHBHO H J~pyU1TBeHo npHxBaTJbH-
130 noHatuame, caMo Tpe6a $.a pasBuje
a$.exBamy MOTHBaUHjY, crexHe no-
TpeGHa aHama H COUNjaJIHO nprix~ar-
.rbuBe o6nHxe noHaluama. Ba*cHa
xoMnoHeHTa npoueea pecouHjajlnaa-
LlHje je TSB. pexaUnJrnraLIId-ja yic-
— BHMa, H CYIIpOTHO pacnpocTpameHnM
my’niBaae oco6e y HOpMaJIaH $.py-
WTBeHH )KHBOT, cTnapame paBHoTe~ice
HaMehy npHBaTHor H jaBHor ja BHT-
HO je aanoujmaBame icoje oMoryhyje
CKOHOMG1)’ CaMOCTaJIHOCT, )~oxaaHBa-
130
0aWH~HM aJIK0X0JIH’IapHMa cy no HAPKOMAHHJA
Fb~ COIICTBeHe BpegHocTH ii KOJffljj~ cJIOBHH JEY1U4. HCTHHa, 6p3HHa C 1(0-
ca myJlHMa. JkoK y’ieite, xok YCMepa~ ~fl3Ma
joM H cornljairna
HacTynajy BHThJEHBOCT
noc~ie~uiue THX
aJlicoxo- npo6J~eM, TCCHO
HapKoMaHHja je noBe3an Ca ~~3HHM
K~Yfl~H C0UHJ~JIHH
Bajy cTpy’ntaL~H, j~aje peayjrraTe Eoj~ 0ocJie~1HLW HID~ ROTa Y CBHM 2U3~ - 06.nHUHMa fl~~CT~flHHfflTB~ H KpHMH
oco6y oxpa6pyjy, j~ome cpejrnna JJJTBeHHM cJlOjeBHMa. Hajia. flopacT Gpoja aap~o~a~a je no
~ oTe,IcaBa npogec pexaGHflHTa.
URic THMe HITO OTBOpeHO HiW flpn~ MK0XOJI je )sexJpccarJT, Haxo ce y MatbHM KasaTeTh nocTOjama upsio OS6HJbHHX
xpHBeHo H3paX(aBa HenoBepeme ~o’1eTKY ajixoxoji
~onwLHHaMa KOqH xao
J1O)KHBJM1B~ 4yrnuwje BHHIHX
cTHMynasIT. ~‘ ~ya~i~o ogaBabe
gpymTBeHHx H~~KOM~HHJH
xoH4ulHxaTa, je
a HH2UIBH-
WWTaHUY H ocygy. Mo,luIanHx ueuTapa H THMC cMalbYie HHXHGW 3Halc my6OxHx H ilepeuiernix yHyTap
topHY KOHWOJ1Y Han HH)KHM ~eH~pHMa~ Taico nHqHHX KOH4NIHKaTa.
MKoxOfl ouiaxwana nO)llzomethe cmma an
AflKOXOJJH3AM XCHO3HOCTH H naneTocTH, o.naxmana COIIHJaJ1- HaPKOTHUH (rp~. narkoein, ydnaBa
ny KoMymixaunjy H 1lOHeKJie oMaIbyJe TH) HJW onojHe ~pore C)’ npHpO,1~HH
Kaija aaBHcHocT O?~ ajucoxojia ~ KonrPo~”y cexcyaiinor nonazuama. Behe Ko- HJ1H CHHTeTHqKH X~MHJCKH CIIOJ~BH
He ToJillico jalca ,i~a ~OBeJ~e J~o coi.~iij~. ~ pe~ieTe MOTOpHy KoogIlHHaItHjy, ~ lcojH, icaga ce ynoce y oprauHsaM, )~e
Ho HenOXeJbHHX o6.nHrca nol-Jamama myjy nepijeHTHflHe OH0006HOCTH. KOJIHqMHa ji~~jy Ha U~HTP~J1HH H~~BHH CHOTeM H
FOB0~H ce 0 aJucoxoulilaMy. 3aBHcnoct anicoxoJia H ~ noTpeGIro ma 0GTBapH neic- ~ H~)OM~H~ Y 4HSHOJJOUIKHM
oj~ ajucoxouia Molce BO~HTH BeOMa pa- nO, ~aBHce on -rej’ecne Te)lcHHe, padnono)xema 4yHKuHj aMa. 36or cBojcTBa ~a y6jia-
331H’IHTHM n0cjiextm~aMa. Heice o~ ii ~ npeTxonno yHere xpaHe. Oco6e ~ame ~~yJy 6OnoBe, npoy3poicyjy ey4o-
HHX cy: xHJ~ame HHTepnepcoHajiHfl~ TenecHe Mace, HOUHifiCHOL padllouio)xeTha H ~H~H0 crame, ~OBO~ ~o onynrama H
oJ~Hoca, npo~y6mHBame cyico6a Ca rnanne, Gpxe H RHine nonnelcy nejCTBy auiico- ~y6oicor cHa, H~PICOTHUH 0)’ C~~J1CTBO
Henocpe)~HoM OKOJIHHOM, CoUHjaJuja XOfl
u3oJiaUHja; ryGmeme HHTepeconaaa Moryhe je paajinxonaTn nexOnHxO 4a3a y icoje KO~HCT~ T~UJKO FPYGTPHPaHe
3a nocao, HepeJ~o~Io o6aBmame no- nacTauKy aJIKOXOJIH3M& Y npaOj (j)aaH ajixo- oco6e ~a On no6erne 0$. OTBapHO
curn, Heycnex Ha nocuy, ry6HTax ~ ma
xoncecccMaH,H
~3HM~HaTICTOCT H HOCTHFH~MamHHa-mRe
CaMO ,,y ,llpyuITuy”, caNOHOy3- cnojio)icemy
CTH H ocehamaH3aSBaHOM
aHK0HO3HOCTH. Y pa
HapKOTHIcOM,
He cnocoGHocTH; Hea$.eKBaTHa Hcxpa- ~ ~ mpyre ~a3e uaronemTanajy GBH npoOneMH OJI e$.HOM nocTajy Ma
Ha, CTaJIHa HHToKCHxauHja ~ ‘winha onHjama, a o6ejie>xana je ,jyTaplba” 1-En.
Ma $.OBO$.e $.0 offiTehema noje$.HHHJC ~ ~a 6it HeyTpanHcaJia Heyromna
oprana n ~j~pauji,a y Ue.IIHHH. CTaTH- ocehama On O~H~CHOCTh nperxonne noha H IIocTojH RHUIC Rpcra nGHxOaKTHRHHX 11130-
CTH’HcH rJleJ~aHO, aJUcOxojiH3aM je i~eo- cyo~Hna ce 3a 3axTCBHMa HOBOF nalia, ocoGa ~ xoxaHH H Mop4)HjyM.
ra. Hajpamwpennje Ty cnana
cy: MapHxyalia, H an
xamHm,
Ma TecHo noBe3aH ca yMecTaulouihy paa6Hja ,,MaMypnyx” cajennOM FIHH HCKOJiHKO xoxon. Moryhe HX je pa3JIHKOBaTH no e(I3CKTH-
no~pe~a na pa$.y, Cao6pahajHHx y,ge- qamw~a Y rpehoj 4a3H nonasa no ry6in~ca Ma (nap. oflHjaTH oTxjlamajy Goji H aHKGHO3-
—
ca, P~3HHX BH$.OBa ~P~~T)’nHHql(or H xowrpoae itan y3HMameM ~iixoxoJi& Kanron H iiocr, cenarHan H3a3HUajy peJiaKcaIlHjy H
—
ICpHMHHanHor noHaulama. rmeronje 1113H pynH, UJIKOXOTI cc He ocTaBma no can, GTHMyHaTHBHH nOnwxy HHBO eHeprHje
—
A.nxoxojul3aM je CHMTITOM x~y6mux CTpaHH. Y3 TO, oco6a c~an~o HOCH y~a cc cuojy y lleHTpaJiHOM HCpBHOM CHCTCMy, xaJTyUHHO
nopeMehaja H H~ HH~HBH~yam{oM flOSH” HUp.
,,pe3epny”, ma cc yTIOjaBH
ocjIOnail KpH3&
cjlyMajy ma je‘lCTBpfl
Hemro rem-i) HHJffl XeMHjCKOM cacmBy,
ncHxOneJTHTtH nopexny
aIcTHBnpaJy
— H cm
HMarHHa
nna~y (y nHqHocTu H couHjaJIHHM ~ F~ nO’{HH~C ca ceancaMa omijama, xoje He
HOCUMa noje$.HHUa) H Ha counjajiHoM npexHizno waiy no HeKOJTHKO maim, H HaCTaB- HonoBmeimM ysHMaibeM c~opMnpa cc aa
nna~y (nopeMeheH GHCTCM Bpe~Ho- asa cc MaH,c-BiflhlC KOHTHH3’HJ)aHHM onaja- EHCHOGT xoja CC HcnOibafla y BUllY cHaHcHe,
~ 1c0H4)OpMH3aM HCKpIIBJLCHHM 15CM. Ro.ua3H no re~cnx ncnxH’ixHx nope- Heoflojbfflie opralicxe H ncaxinxe noipe6e ma
o6pacuuMa $.pyiIITBeH0F floHauiama). Mehaj& cc HapKOTHK JTOHOBO ‘Uece 3’ cPraHH3aM.
JaBma cc y CBHM $.pymmeHnM culoje- Yöpso gona~~ ~o nonehaife TonepamlHje, re je
noTPc6nacneBehano3allaceocTnapH>KeJbeL}I
BepoBamHMa, aJucoxoJiHaaM mije BR- cHOCT
e4iexaT.no HpenosHpame
)KHBOT. Ji~y>xe y3HMaH~e mpore HSaSH
je HenocpenHa ona
KaIcBO CneUH4~HqHo o6enexcje HH Ba olnTehen,a oprann3Ma, a aGor Heanpanor 1
,,nponajlnua”, HH ,,nPHMHTHBaJ.&a”, HH
GHpOMaLIJHHX. Y ~ aBa
JiHaaMa ,,BO$.eha” rpyna Mfly $.a
131
 KpuMHuoreHor Ha~rnIa )ICFIB0Ta CTBapa H ny6-
me 3npancTneHe, ncnxonomxe H coijujasme
npoöileMe.
floBjia’feme Ff3 HapKoMaHHje je neoMa
TeffiKo. flpaheHo je dMaacmlM TeaIecuHM H fiCH
XHqKHM TeroGaMa 0dM TOra, HapKOMaHH BU
Oy MOTHancairn ia ce MemaJy. Ha M,HX He
yTHae MHOFO MM xaacmauame, HH IICMXOTepa
mija rlocne npHHynllor .neMeH,a, nocTajy no
~paTumw. To JC H CK~H~ HaBUKa Jiourro cy
MapKOMaHH yrnauHoM Mflge oco6e KOJd MC 3a-
pflyjy H ne llOcenyjy 3lLaTHMjy HMOBHHy,
MH0rH cc omajy xpflH H TIPOCTHTYIIHjH.
HapxoMaHHja cc jauma y CBHM npyinme
HUM enojeBaMa HenocpenHH IIOBOflH Mory Git
Ti! neo~a pasJIH’WTH, urip.: Ha6eranaIbe naq
HHX npO6JIeMa, K0IHf~opMHpaThe rpynu HJIH
cyrn(yarrypH, nomnerame Haronopy ~Jpyrnx,
no6yna HpOTHB ycTaibenOr HaMHfla )KHBOTa H
flOcTOjehHX ayTopHTeTa, acema aa ya6y1~elbeM,
auaHTypH3aM, nowe6a iia ce yMamH TejiecHa
GOJI H CJI.
11PEBEHIJHJA flOP EMERAJA
RYIIIEBHOF )KHBOTA H
HOHAIIIA}EA
Y CHCT~M~ IICHXOJIOWICHX gHcuHnuIH
Ha UOCTOjH jejula KOjOj je flpeBeHTH
Ba rJIaBHH aa,z~aTaK. To je MeHTaIrHa
XIlflhjeHa OHa nojIasH Ofl cTaJ3a i~a je
noaHaBaH,e yapoxa nopeMehaja ~y
LueBHor )~HBoTa H nopeMehaja no
Haulax-ba npegyenoB aa 1136op BaJba
HHX IIpeBeHTHBHHx Mepa.
132
Ha HHIWBHJIYaJIHOM n~ia~y Bazan
BHJ~ apeBeHuHje je pa3Bnja~,e q5py
CTparwoHe TOJlepaHI4Hje 11 peaj~.
cru’ncor pearo~ama Ha fipenpeice. To..
KoMpa3BojanoTpe5Hoje?~a cejeAHR.
xa odn0006ll H aa nO~HouJefEe pa.
3JIH9HTHX Tenixoha, aa caBna~aBa~e
CIIOJLaUJH,Hx H yHyTpaml-bHX Jipenpe..
xa.
Ha n.maHy MehyJbyJ~cxHx O)~ho~
jaBibalte K0H4JIHKaTa ca~o no ce5~
nHje 3Ha)c jia cy oco6e H aHxoBH
HOCH 3’ KpH3H. Yxo~rnxo Ce KOH4thHfl~
IV. OCOBA Y
npHKpHBajy, He lIpHaHajy, HeraTHEne
TeHarije ce HaroMHJ:LaBajy H flocTajy
COLJHJAJTHOJ
npeima no cTa6HJrnocT H KBaJIHTeT
Me1~IymyJ~cxax o~jHoca.
HHTAHA H 3AJ1,&UH
14. KoMyu14xa~pjja
1. JenI4a Wi onnHKa HOpMaJlHocTfl je ,,CIIOCOGHOCT 3a
P~3MCH~ ocehaita”. Y MCMI CC Ta dnoco6nocT Hdnon,a.
na? 3amTo je ona jenan on najnoy3nalaHjHx Silaltona 15. )KHBOT y rpyim
MCHTaMHOr anpaBiba?
2. floaotnmauaae xaJ]ywrnawija cc y HCKHM lcyrnypa.
Ma ~3HM~ xao 3HaK naTnpoccMuHx CHOCO6UOcTH. V ~a
nanHOj KYJITypH OHO je CHMIITOM tiexor IICHXH9KOP
nopeMehaj& KaKo cxaaTaTe CMHcao TBpJI[be na cc KflH
TepHjyMH UdllOpMaJ]H00TH paznHKyjy on KyJiType no
Kyirrype?
3. O6jaci*rre OCHOBHO 3uaqdn,e rcpMHHa: Heypo3a,
BCHXO3S, ncHxonaTHja KpHMHIIan, JICJIHHKBeHUHji,
a.flKOXOJIH3aM, HapKoManHja.
B c at 6 a: TepMHHOM ~uaHnana3Ma” oaua~aua cc
yHHwTanaH,c yJloTpeGnHx H yMeTHwu(Hx npen~eia
(Hap. cKynnTypa, CJIHKO, TeJIC4JOHCKHX FOBOpHHga,
~~iyna no napxonnMa, canaTapufix ypebaja H wi). Te
HOJaUC cy pacnpccTpai-~dHe y rpaJICKHM CpenHUaMa, a
IMIXOBH ~KTC~H C)’ Haj~enibe cTapHja JIeua H MJIa1~H
anoJIceneaTH. flopaarouapajTe o TOj nojaBH. no
KyulajTe na oTicpHjeTe ulTa HeKora npenHcnonnpa ~a
cc nonama nauaancxu.
 14. KoMyHHwaIwja
fl]TA JE KOMYHHKAIII4JA?
Y cBaIcomHeBHoM roBOpy pe~ K0MyHH—
Karnija (SLaT. communicatio, caonulTa
BaH2e; communicate, y’IHHHTH HemTo
0fluJTHM, 3aje.1~HHq1cnM) MO2K~ ~a ce
OLiHOCH Ha ~~3FOBOP Met~y OCO6aMa,
na cjian,,e H npHMatbe n~caMa, Ca
onuiTaBalbe Him o6jaBii’HBane pa
sJIHqwrHx HHTeMeICTyaJIHHX TB0pCBH-
Hay BHLi~ ‘ulaHaKa, KI-bHra H Lip. MeCTO
ce ynoTpe6ibaBa ~an ce fOBO~H 0 ca
onurraBamy pa3JIFI~HTHx CaJJ~p)Kaja
noMohy noceGHHx TeXHWIKHX cpeLi
cTana H~T~M niTaMne, paLibja, TeSLe
— MeljYreHepaL HJCKC ~83J1HKC C)’ ~e icagi-ijeice cnoco6uoeTH H BeUITHHe,
BH3HJe, Tene4~oHa, Tenerpacj~a, Tene
npHI-lTepa, TeneKca H cn. Pe’j K0MyHH-
Karnija HM~ H j~pyra, dneLlHjaJlH3oua-
Ha 3uaqeaa. Ha np~~ep, y MeLiHWIHH
y Be3H ca 3~~~3HHM 6onecTHMa; y aFt
TponoslorHjH 3’ fleSH ca olIHocHMa
Me?Jy mymcKHM 3aJC1IHHLIaMa H KyjiTy
paMa; y couHoJIorHjH y B~3H ca O)~H0-
eMMa Mel’)y nojeLiHHHM flpyWTBeHHM
cHCTeMHMa H noLicHcTeMHMa, Mety
~~3HHM HHCTHTyLIHJaMa; y eKOHOMH
jH 3’ B~3H ca J3a3MCHOM jio6apa; y
TpaHdnopTy y Be3H ca fl~CHOCOM p0-
Ga, nyTOBaJLHMa Th~LiH HTA.
HaBCmCHH npftMepfl ynoipe6e TCpMHHa
,,KoMym4xauaja” yKa3yjy KO.UHKO na IberOBy
upolimpeHOcT TOJINKO H H~ nenuxe paaJrnKe y
meroBoM 3Ha’Ielby. OcHonila H Hajnaxu{njapa
3Ju-IKa JIOJIa3H 021 cxBaTama 0 TOM~~ (1) LU7~
(byHzczwja icirnyilora KOMyHUKaWIJO, (2)1(0 Him
111T2 MoliC 6mw flCCHUK Y ~ H (3)
1(0.1MM cpc~cTBMMa cc ocmapyje K0MyH’J-
xaw~ja
134
KOMyHHKaLIHJa Me~y JEY~IHM~ Ca
CTOJH ce y ~~3MCHH HLieja H HcKyeTa
Ba. PasMeHa ce ocTBapyje T~KO UITO ce
T mite KoMyHHKaLiHje. BHWe je OKOJWO puuiheui-ix FtOjMoBa, KnacHcFHKauHja
3HaqeH,e HJW HH(PopMauHje npeHoce
O$~ jeRHe ~O ~pyre ocoGe nyTeM SHa
Kona. O6wrno pasnrncyjeMo g~e BPCT~
sHaxcoBa: nep6aime H HeBep6anne, Te
ce i oBOpH o Bep6anHoj H HeBep6an-
HOj K0MyHHKaUHJH. Bep6anHa KoMy
HHKaqHJa ce TeMemH Ha je3HKy,
yeMeuoM H nHcaHoM ronopy. Henep
6anHa K0MyHHICaLUJja ce OJlBHja Ito
Mohy noicpe~a naua (MHMUICa) H
JI~enoBa ~ejia (recTHKynauHja).
143B0P14 HECHOPA3YMA Y
KOMYHHKAgHJM
Y K0MyHHKaUHiH jaBmajy ce pa
SnHqHTe Teuhicohe H CMeTIEe, BehH
Hiffi MamH HednOpaSyMH KOjH yMan3y-
j y ae~y e4~HKacHocT HJIH j e qHHe nOT
nyx-to HeydneUIHoM. KaLia HHje
ydneulHa, IcoMyHHKaIwja ry6H CBOJy
OCHOBHY 4JyHKIlHjy — 4yHK~Hjy npe
Homeu~a H pasMeHe HHc1~opMaLlHja,
aHa’Iema, HLieja H CSL. Heycneuma KO
MyHHIcaLlHja nocTaje JJOLiaTHH H3B0~
cyKoGa H ~ paHHje
yCUOCTaBJLeHHX oLiHoca. MaK H KaJ~a
HeMa IHH~ H cyLiGoHocue nocJIeLiH
Lie, HeycnemHa KOMyHHKaUHJa OTe)fca
Ba )KHBOT ThY)iH H ~FYHKLU4OHHCaIte
SajeLiHHua y KOJHM ce OLiBHja.
JE3MK je OCHOBHO CP~J1CTB0 KOMY
HHKauHje Mehy ThYLHM& floaHaflame
HeTor je3HKa oMoryhyje K0MyHH-
KaUHJ3’ H MebY y~ec~nu~~a lcojH
HHaqe ro~ope pasnH’IHTHM jesHmiMa.
rJIaBHH HocFiOUH SHa’iema cy pe’ia
PeqH, MflyTHM, nopeLi ocHonHor HuN
,UCFIOTaTPIBHOF aHaqea,a MOF3’ HLaTH
H ~ npHLiorlaTa HuH xoHorarnsua
SHaqeH,a. 4~oGpo nosHaBaaejeaHKaje
je)~aH oji ocHonHHx npejiycuio~a ydne
CTII Icoje Mory 3’CJIOBHTH HejeJ~HaKo H Ha’IHHa 3aKiby9HBama JJOBoj~e ~o
paSyMeBaIbe j esHica. ~ora j~a ce HeToj nopyflH npnjlaje pa
CCI kfO-KyJTryPHC pa3JII~IKC Meijy yMe 3JIH~HT CMHCaO.
CHHUHMa Mory 3’GJIOBHTH ~a HCTHM YsyTpazufJ,e CMCTF-J,e Mory GHTH
pe~u~a npltgajy ~~3SLH~HT~ y~eHoTa nOCneAHua yMopa hull 6oJuecTH (imp.
THBHa, a joul ‘iemhe ~~33IH9HT~ KOHO LieKonueHTpaunja, yenopeHocT, eMa
TaTHBHa SHaqeH,a. Ha npHMep, H~eHa oceTmHBoeT i-i en.) HSLH HeKHM
nhieonouIzcH o6ojeHe pe’IH K0MyHH- JJpyrHM areHcoM (imp. auncoxon, j~po
—
SaM, IcanHTanHSaM, HHLi0KTpHHaUHja; ra, CTpeC).
CHTY~UHOHO cyacanai-i,e SHa’ieFba pe Yrnuaj HCCJ3CCHJ-IX Hun uteurn
‘IH: naTpHoTHsaM, HaUH0HaSLH3aM, na MHqHO CliecHux MexaHn3aMa, ucao IJITO
uH4~H3aM. cy npwtceubicHBaaa, eTpaxonah,a, npe
Tlpocbecllonalrno-o6pasoBHe pa3 flu Jlpacyyie H en., Molce ce HCnOJLHTH ica
Ke Me1~Jy y’iecHHunMa ~ory ce HCIIO 1W 3’ HeagelcBaTHoj (j)OpMy.flaflHjH
ThHTH H y IcopHmhemy cTpy’u-IHx Tep flopyice Taico H y HCKpHBJLeHOM T3’-
MHH~ H H3~~3~ KOjH HHC3f ~~S3’MJEHBH Ma’iemy iteHor eaRp)Kaja.
CBHM YM~CHHUHM~ 3’ KOMYHHKaIIHJH.
KOOHEPATHBIW CTAB je npe
CJIH’IaH ØeicaT Mo,xe HM~TH H H3~~- cyj~aH sa yenex KOMyHHKaUHje. JEY1W
SHTO neyje~HaqeHa HH4JopMucal-JocT
KOJH He xcene ga ce enopasyMejy, )~a
0 CTB~~HM~ Ha Koje ce OJIHOCH pasMel-le nopyice, Haxo j~o6po nosHajy
cajjp,xcaj nopyKe.
J~SHK H nocegyjy paaBHJeHe KOMyHH
JIOM H ~~3J]HK~ y OK0JIHOCTHMa H0)~ Hehe HH OCTBapHTH yCneuiny KOMy
KOjI-IM C)’ ~ pa3nH’IHTHX
HHKaqHjy. Crapa ~speica ,,K() y KSLHH,
reHepauHja 3~1HSLH jeSHK, 4~0pMHpaJIH ico y nnoqy” onilcyje JI,yge KOjH ce HH
eBoje flOjMOBe H I’OBOpHe naBHlce. ManO He TPYLiC ~a pasyMejy mra i’OBO
Me1~jyreHepauHjcxH HeenopasyM~ y pH ol-ta j~pyra cTpana.
nopo~iiqii, imcoum, npeyjysehy H
CBaKH y’IeduHK 6i-i ~opao 6HTH
IlpyluTBeHoM )KHB0T~ He HacTajy s6or’ enpe~an Ha ynarame HaBeeHor HanG-
je3Hlca, aIIM ~o6njajy Te4cy ~0pMy pa pa~a yaajaMHor paayMeBama. Mo
s6or oTeAcanor Me1~Jyco6Hor enopasy
ce nojafle TetuKohe, rpe6a HX HgeHTH
MeflaH,a.
4HKOBaTH, anH ce ne rpe6a sa itHx Be
KOMYHMKAL~flJcKE CHOCOB SaTH. KOMyHHKaUHj y rpe6a yCMepHTH
11OCT14 ne 3aBHce eaMo oj~ suaH,a je Ha Otto tUTo je o6eMa c~pa~a~a pa
3HKa, nero H 0JI BeurrHna Koje )iOJIaSe
SYMJEHBO. Hcicpeua H TaqHa HHTep
~io Hspa,Icaja, najnpe, y d~opMyimca
npeTaullja OHOr hUTO je jipyra c~pa~a
ny H eaontuTanaay nopyice, a 3aTHM H
caonmTHna oTicnouHhe HepasyMefla
y npHjeMy H pasyMenan,,y 1IpHMJbeHe
ae, a eBeH-ryauma Hecnarama 3’ CTaB0-
nopyice.
BHMa H GIL, 3”IHHHhe JaCHHM. Kaga ce
PIHIWBI4JJYaJIHe pa~jiuice y KOMy KOMyHHKagHja BOJ~H OKO Hexor npo6-
HHKaLiHjCKHM CnOCO6H0cTHMa Him neMaTHqHor nnTaH,a, HoTpe6Ho je
BeUITHHaMa C)’ ‘iecTo H3B0~ neenopa eBe ~pe~e HMaTH Ha YM)’ To nHTaK~e,
syMa. CnrnlceHe H O6HMHe nopyice no ue HarOMHJIaBaTH loBe npO6JleMe H
cTaBJEajy BHc0Ke HuTeneKTyaJlHe He ryGHTH ce y geTan,HMa. Mo je jeL~
3axTeBe icarco npe~ nomnjbaoga T~RO H PC rneJlHmTe jaCHO KaO U~JIHH~, 1(00-
npey~ npHMao~a. PaSJIHKe y B~CTH ICO riepamBan Y’IeCHHK ce Hehe xBaTaTH
135

3a J~CT~Jb~ KOJH 03’ Malte jacHl4.
CnpOMHOCT ga CC ~~3MCH~ nopy~e
MO)ICC LCOMnCH30BaTH O6jCKTHBHC TO
wKohe na Koje ytIeCHHI1T4 y ico~iyrni
Kaw4jH MOFY j~a Har41~y.
HCHXOHOfflKH ACIIEKTJ4
KOMYHMKAI1HJE 3JI~PABCTBEHJ4
PMHHK U1AI~HJEHT -
H y snpaBcTBeHoM pany KoMyHulca
w4ja jC pa3MeH~ HelcycTaBa, noTpara
3a noTpe6HldM HH4~opMauHjaMa ii
npyxcaH~e HH4OpMauHia. KoMyHurca
wija ce onBuja H3Meh3’ 3):jpaBcTBeHHx
panHuica, jep EbHXOB pan je yBeic y Ma
HzOj HJIH Behoj Mepu mMCICOF IcapaK
Tepa. OcHoBy 3npaBcTBeHe nenaTao
0TH ‘111KM lcoMyI-rnicaw4ja I4sMeby
anpaBCTBeHI4x panHilKa H naLuli eHTa.
06e cTpaHe Mory 6HTH H3BopH He
crlopa3yMa, H naiJHjeHT H 3npaBCTBC-
1111 paThHHK. Tpn ny~a upBeHHM Tpe6a
rIonByhH: Hecrlopa3yM je, no H 0110-
pasyM, ~B0K 3aj eJjHH’IKO nocTHrHyhe
CBHX y’iedHHlca 3’ KoMyrniKawIjH.
MnaK, MopaMo i-iajnpe BMneTH ifiTa
no H3BOJJ Moryhnx Hecnopa3yMa y
KoMyHHKaLu4jy 3’HOCH flaLIHjeHT, a
iana 3ThpaBCTBCHH pamnuic.
HaqMjeHT 3’ KoMyirnicanhijy yHoow IICKOJIM
Ho ~s~opa Moryhllx Jrecnopa3yMa~ flpno, naiar
jeliTy MOF)’ iremocTajam 314a11,a H 0110-
co6irocm ma IipeIiH3HO cj,opMyJu-une onoja nil
Talsa H HC1<~3C H ma pa3yMe IlliTaihe a HCKa3e
3gpaucTBenor pa11m1lca- JeIIHa 011 ‘leCTi4x HO
cnemmia 311paBCTBCI [Mx Teffixoha jecTe OMaihe
ibe KOMy}II4KaUMJCKHX en0006nocTil. To c~a
Ibelbe Mo,Ke 6am nocjlejjHna caMe 6omccw
111114 IICHXHHKC peaKui4je nawijel [Ta ira 6oJlccT.
)Ipyro, cTBapm4 MOTIIBH o6paha~ ha ampancTile
HOM pajiltaKy MOf 3’ 614TH iregoIloJhlIO jaCiU4 H
naIiHjeIlTy H cTpy’nbalcy IcojeM cc o6paTI4o.
flaflHjeirT dilojy aIIKCHO3IIOCT noKyniana iiamo
B011C 3’ Be3y ca lieqilM llpenoalraTJbHDHM H HO
MyIIalca6HmiIHM, Ha HpHMCp, ca pa3HHM
opraHcKMM Tero6aMa~ Aico cy ma6opaToplljcxe
136
f
aIlaJIl43e HeraTaaHe, iie~ap ca rn-true 141114 MaH,e
rana 4opMynrnne ilopyKy ,,HeMa miLan”
HJIH ,,cne je 3’ pemy” 14 aaicmy’lyje lcoMym
Kalliljy. KoMyHHKauHja ca JiexapoM ~nje no
nplIiena mace pacaeTne npo6JIeMn 36or lcOJHx
je nauiljelrr mouiao KOJi arexap& TpeJie, naga
JCILT M0)KC 1-IMaTH norpenmy c.nmcy 0 ~JIO311
3npancTBeHor pa.UHHKa yonulTe, ajom ‘ieuihe 0
yJIO3H xojy irna 3JlpaBCTBeHH pallHHK Ha
ompebeHoM paJflrOM MeeT)’. O~eKyjyhH 143111
-rpa~cehH HeffiTo IIITO je nanan ynore 3npan-
cnieHor paJtHHKa, TIaIIHjeHT je ynanpen emo
p140 ycnone ma Gyiie He3amoBoJbaH. qeCT
nomaTlill 113n0p He3aaonomcTna je HeupnMepe
I ia peaKltHja 3npaBcTDeHor paJIHHK&
3npaBcTneHH panmix ca CBOJC cTpaHe Mouce
y KoMyHmcawIly yHeTu oco6mie ~ nonamaaa
Icoja nolipHIloce jaBJbaIby HednopaayMa. Hpno,
llenpHmanalhe 3HaMaJa xoMylrrncalufjH ca na
nilJCwroM. flauHjeHT we6a ma npywa cai~to ire
K03114K0 Hll43opMalIHja 0 ce6H, cnaKli IIaJM4
pa3rOIiOp je ca cTaHoBHrnm nocna Hen0~e-
6an, ‘ialc je H ry6meme RpeMeHa~ TaKuor 3mpan-
cTBeHOf pannmca He rnrrepecyje xaico
uauHjeHT DM2111 H no)KHBThaBa eBojy cifryanK
jy. OH lrHje cnpeMaH ma pasrouapa 1114 0 01401.1
JIITO naw4jeHT CHOHTaHO )KCJIH ma xa~ce HHTH
ma omrouapa Ira nal[HjeHToBa IIKTaH,a. 37 Go
JbI1M cnyqajernMa nxau 3npaucTneHa paJu{HK
CC 3aHCT~ TPY2IH ma 63’lIe KOpHCTaH nailHjeHTy,
aJIH Cy6JCKTHBHO eTalbe JIaIIHjeHTa ra He RH
Tepecyje H He BmW ma 61-I ,,uIHpeIbe” pasrono
pa c IM4M 6,-mo 011 HKaIcBe KOpI4CTH. J~pyro,
öeanwiair omiroc npeMa nauHjeHTy. rIpe 113111
nocne, uauHjeHT Taj cran flO)K1-1B14 no oMano
Ba,IcanaIhe conornelle J1a’IHOCTH H no noliom
3a Henonepelbe y raxnor cTpy’IH’axa- Le
3nw1aH 0111400 1I~CM~ Th3’flHM~ je noy3man 31111K
IrenocTojama HHTepeconama 3a mlix, IIITO je y
3mpaucTBeHoj K0MyHHKaUHJH npiio noy3malr
nOKa3aTeJh ma ce oco6a Haulna y norpeIilHoM
3anHMamy. HCTI4Ha, ra~an CflB Moflce HacTam
no nocneml-uIa He3amOBoJbCTBa 3llpancTBeHOr
paliHilKa CHOjHM nojiwicajeM 3’ Memnlnmclcoj
yCTaHoBl4. Tpehe, Henocemoname o6pasaua no.
Hanlama EOjH 6n CC 3GHpH0 Moriul HaaBam
,,KynTypa nonaulalba Ha pa~~o~ ~ec~y”. To je
yneK onpa3 jemHocTpanocnl 3’ cTpflHOM 06pa
3onamy a cJlaGe opraHwiauaje pana y KOH
icpeTIioJ ycTalloBli. MHOEK ce HOHaHIaJY
cnoHTaHo 14 cao6pa3Ho e6pacnaMa KapaKTepfl
I
cTM’I)IMM ia cyOKyJITypy 113 KOJC JlOJIa3C.
JIa’ntir na Icojil oeiionmanajy .Ibyne Moxce 611TH
3a nchniiy Ilauhijeirara HCflpMxnaTJbHn. Muon-i
on ,iaix ynMijajy ma 3’ TOMe 1lCM~ Jul flpC3llpa
1111 321C IlaMepc, IICIO JC TO jemHocTanhlo Oflpa3
)CyJIT3’pC IcOIlKpeTIIOr 3JlpanCTneIrOr ~~11Ilh1K11
Will ,,o611’iaja” KOIHCpCTIIC MCIIH[LMIICKC yCT8-
‘lone.
Hecnopa3yMH 110 KOJHX tlOJJa3H 3’
szlpancmeHoj IcoMyHHlcauHjH, npeuy
npe~yjy ce Ha BMUIe Ha’ulHa.
P8WIOHUJIH8 oprarnI3awlja 32pa8-
cTBdHor pan YdilemMa IcoMyHuKa
inhja je Moryha Meijy OHHM~ MHjC 03’
ynore jacHo 11e4)HHMCaHe H KOJH 3Ha-
jy cnojy y.nory H ynory oHor ca ICHM
03’ 3’ KOMYHHKaLIHJM. Y TOM dM110313’ ce
FOB0~H 0 KOMWI~M~HT~~HOCTH HElp.
yJiore nenpa H Il~UMJCHT~. Y.nora ne
icapa H oBaKor mpyror 311PBBCTBeHOI’
P~ThHHK~ je KOM11JECM~HT~~H~ noTpe
GaMa naiwjeHTa a ue ,,yiio3n” nauM
jeBTa. HauHjeHT no fl~~BHJl3’ aaflo’IH
me IcoMyHMKaLzHjy, aim sapanc~ne~~
P~11HHK ompflyje K~KO he ma cc OflBM
ja H 110 Kojer dTeneHa he ma ce paa
BHje.
Horosame zcoMyJ-xrncannjcxnx cno
co6HocTsi. Oco6e Koje cy ce noeneTH
.me ,,paJIY Ca .JbyJjHMa” (4pasa KOJOM ce
Haj’IeLuhe OnHcyjy aaHHMama y
3IITJaBCTBy H npOCneTH) He ~ory erie
Ha3’9HTH 3’ TOK)! uiKOilonama, a join
~ame MOF3’ 611TH HercaKan coj HmeaJl
1111K Jlymn. Pa3yMHo je wa~1cHT11 .zla
neh JIpH onpegeimemy aa sarlHMame
aHajy 111Th HX ~eica, ma ax TO HHTepe
cyje H ma ilMajy 6ap npoce~~e 0110-
CO6HOCTH ma On.maLjajy THM 1100310-
EmMa. Ca yjiacico~ y npc4ecnjy, ii
nPOteCHOHa.mHH H JIH9HH paanoj ce
ire ycnopana a noro~orio He 3anpuia-
na Y KojeM npariujy 1111C, TO 3an11c14 o~
oco6e ~coja je y IIHTaH,y. HeKH npeMe
HOM nocTajy cne aehH H nehn 311aJ11w
OBOr nocna na, ‘mx, pasaHjy H rierce
UpTe JIH9HOCTM Koje 11OI1PHHOC~ ydile
xy y nocny, a ~eioi nocTajy pymHepll,
nojiaxo 3aOcrajy H 6pHHy Hexe y
C3tWTHHH HenpØedHoHaJTHe Gpure.
I1HTAI bA H 3AJIAUJI
I. ifiTaje KoMyBHIcaIuija?
2. Ilanenwre I!CKC Oil OKOJIHOCTII KOJe ~ory yeiioanm
IICjCJIH8KO pa3yMenalLe JC311K8, a ThMC MflOJ8II~ Hecilo
paay~a 3’ KOM3’HHKalIHjlf.
3. flo~yuiajre un nponalrre H~HMC~ KoMynHKawaje
icoja je 6ana HcydnduiHa 3~0P l1C[locTojama CflpCMH0-
Clii y’ieeHHIca 118 CC CHO~O33’14Cj3’. 118 1111 je TO ‘ICCT
cay
4. ‘4Hi.ic MOI<C 3LIPflBCThCHH P8111111K noripHUem LW CC
H3Genny HeduopanyMa y KOMyliHKaIUljH Ca UUWIJCH
TOM?
BeX Ga: .1181111 je teuimua ycnewne KOMYIIIIK1IIIH3C
lieruTo UITO CC M011{C itay’rnm? Hopa3rosapajTe 0 TOM
I1HThH,V. floKyluajTe 318 ykailceTe Ha CMCTh,C 3’
lIHKaUhijH KOje CC ‘ICCTO Jalubajy 3’ paaronopHiia KOjHM
flpllCydTnyjeTe 1-13111 3’ KOJHM 3”ICC1n3’jeTt
137

15. )ICHBOT y rpyirn
Kao oj~yneic, Th~)~H H ~a~ac *HBe 3’ 3a-
,JeAHHL~aMa. Y OKBH~~ ~1PYLUTB~HC 3a-
je~HHI~e, CB~KH noje~prnau up~na~a
H3B~CHOM Gpojy M~ThHX rpyna. Ta
~HHBC~3~JIH~ MHH,eHHua ce o6ja-
mmana Ha ~iua Ha’rnHa. ilpeMa jeg
HOM o6jamiteay, ~onex )KHBH y
z~pymTBy H np~na ~~3HHM ~py
UITBCHHM rpynaMa jep je TO je~HHH
H~UHH ga ce Qgp)KH, )~a aagouomH CBO
je er3HcTeHuHjanHe noTpe6e. H3BaH
gpym~~a OTIGT~H~K ‘wRen HHje MO
ryh. UpeMa J~~~FOM cxBaTaa,y, ‘JOBCK
)KHBH 3’ ~~YWTR3’ H npnnaga ~~3HHM
rpyna~a saTo JUTO je )~PYUJTB~HO
6Hlie, HITO je noTpeGa 3a )fl33’IUTBOM
je~Ha 0g OCHOBHHX JLY~&CKHX HOTpe
6a. M3BaH 1XPYII1TB~ GHO OH HeMoryb
pasBoj flH’IHOCTH~ CneuHd2H’mO myj~
CKHX 0006HHa H o6paaaga noHaulama.
TIpeMa 3Haqajy rpync 38 3alToBojLe-
me OCHOBHPIX uorpeãa, rpyne ce gejie
Ha iip~~apne H CelçyHhTapHe. EygyhH
ga 3’ JI~HM~~HHM rpyna~a JEy.gH 3ago-
Boibanajy cBoje HajBa~KHHje noTpe6e,
O~HOCH 3’ THM rpyna~a C)’ BeOMa HH
T~H3HBHH~ HHTepaKuHja je pa3Ho-
B~CH~ H )KHBa, ‘UJaHOBU 03’ eMOUHO
HajiHo Be3aHH JCIflIH aa ~ipyre H aa
rpyny y ueJmErn. llpHMapHe rpyne
BCOM~ cua~xcuo YTH’J3’ Ha nOHamaH,e
CBOJHX ‘iJI~HOB~ H HM~J)’ HpeC3’gHy
yjiory y ThHXOBOM HHgHBF~yanHOM
pa3nojy H yicsianamy 3’ KHBOT umpe
3aj egHrn~e. flpoToTi’rn npn~apne rpy
ne je nopogHt~a. CBOjCTBa J1~HM~~HC
rpyue ‘lecTo ce HaJia3e H KO~ flpHja
T~ThCiCHX H pagmix rpyna.
138
[IpeMa øOPMtLUN3OBa~HOCTH O,1ZHOCa
Mety qnaHOBaMa, rpyne ce gene Ha
ØOpMHJIHC H JICIIJOPM8JIHe. Kog 4iop-
M~JWHX rpyna, Koje C)’ yrnaRHoM 110-
pe3a~-ie y OpraHHaaLçijy Kao j~HE
CTBCI-{ CHCTeM, yHanpeg Wy yTBpl)eHH
nono)KaJH H y.nore xoje H~Y y ~e no
noxcaje. OHe HacTajy nnaHcKH, 4op-
MHpajy ce pagH ~a~pma~ama ogpe
I’JeHHx sagaTalca. OgHOCH Mety ‘lnaHo
BHM~ HpOH3Jia3e H3 nonoxcaja Icoje
saysHMajy y CT~3’1~T3’~H rpyne H YflO
ra Icoje HMajy 3’ OCTBaPHBaHZY rpyn
HHX aagaTalca. He4opManHe rpyne
HaCTaJY cnoHTaHo, Ha OCHOB~ CJmq
HOCTH norpe6a Him HHTepecoBama
oco6a icoje ce YJIPYKYjY. OgHOCH
MflY ‘uiaHoBHMa C)’ JIH’IHH, sacHoBa
HH Ha aajegHH’HCHM UHJEeBHMa, pa
jaMHoj HaicuoHooTH H yBalcaBam3’.
He4iopMaJIHe rpyne ~ory HaCTaTH y
OKBH~~ d~OpMaJIHHX rpyna, KaKO Oii
oco6e icoje HHa’ie npo~oge )~OCT~ Bpe
MeHa aajegHO, gene Saje,gHH’lXy cyg
GHHy H Cii. npomupnjie MoryhHOcT
sagoBon,ema CBOJHX noTpe6a. He4rnp-
ManHa rpyna oMoryhyje im~ imp. ga
3a~OBOJLe CROjy norpe6y aa gpyace
FLeM, a4IeKTHBHHM BeanBameM, CH
rypHoulhy H Cii. He4opManHa rpyna
MoJ{ce aim ~e ~opa 6HTH y cyico6y ca
IU4JE~BHM~ 4~OpManHe rpyne. llpHja
TCJLCKH OgHOCH MOE)’ flOJ~’l~TH pa.gHH
)9HH~1( 3’ 4~OpMaJiHOj rpynH, ~JIH MO
ry 6HTH H OCHOB~ 3a cynpOTcTaBJba
me aax~e~n~a dypMajme rpyne.
IlpeMa npnxsaraay yTnitaja rpyile
Ha swiHe craftOBe H aoHawaae, rpyne
ce gene na peq5epeln-He H uepeØeH
Tile. Ped)epeHrHa rpyna cnyxcii xao
Mogen(ysop) H no KpHTepHjyM (Me
pmio) sa ynopflHBame H B~~~HOB~
me COHCTB~HOF noHaluama. OcoGa
MO)K~ sexy F~3’I13’ 11pHXBaTHTH no pe
4epeHTHy Haico JOJ He npHnaga. Y
npouecy COqHjaJIIIOr y~ema ‘lCCTO ce
no pe4epeHTHe yaHMajy oiie rpyne
KOJUM ocoGa TeacH, a He ‘IHJH je ‘UTaH.
Ha OCHOB~ JTIflHOF o,zuioca ‘iJiai-io
Ba Ilpepufa rpyfli1, Moryhe je pa3JIHKO-
~am ,,BJT8CTHTC” H ,,TylJe” r’pyne.
Hexe rpyne 1(OJHM npHnagajy mygu
npHXBaTajy xao ,,CBOjC”, no HOJJITO
INTO HM je OnHcxo H 3H~’1~JHO, ca
‘inMe ce yI’JIaBHOM noHcToBehyjy.
TaKBHM rpyna~a H FLHXOBHM ‘IJIaHo
BHMa HO npa~iijiy npHflHCyJy Ce C~MO
H03HTHRHa cRojoTBa. Kaga ro~ope 0
rpyna~a Te BpcTe, THHH’lHO je ga Thy
JjH KOpHCT0 3~M~HHUY ,,MH”. MMa rpy
na icoje C)’ no3HaTe Ho ToMe UITO Ce
H,HXOBH ‘unanosH aa FLUX MB~CTO BC
Syjy, CT8JIHO HCTH’J~ CBOJy lipilnag
HOOT E~YflH H B~iIHHC rpyne. Taxue
rpyne cy Hnp. nopogHuAa, npo4wcnja,
3aBH’uaj, Haglija H Cii. HacynpoT EJIa
CTHTHM 03’ ,,TytJe” rpyne. JTwuHH og
HOC npe~a mHMa ce HdnomaBa 3’
BeJmKoj gHCTaHWu, HCTHU~FLY pa3Jn-I-
uca Ha FLHXOBy UlTeTy, H~HflHCHB~ThY
ueran4BHHx cBojcTaBa H Cit
WOPMHPAHE MAJTh I’PYHE
Fpyna HacTaje 113 cucyna oco6a Mehy
KOjHM 03’ ce nojaBHsuH pa3JIH’IIITH
o6juujH HHTepaKUHJ e. HoHexag oco6e
xoje cy ce EI~BH Hfl H~fflJIC Ha OK3’113’
ogMax cTynajy 3’ ~~3HOBPCHY H pa
syheHy HHTepalcuwjy, TC Beh og ca~or
flO’lCTK~ ocTanmajy 3’THCaK rpyne KO
ja )‘CHCLUHO 4~yHicuHoHHme. Mo cy
ocoGe 3~HHT~PCCOB~HC 3a ‘IJIaHCTB0 y
F~3’HH H flo cy mHxona yaajaMHa
oqexHBamaryrnaBHoM yoxnfleHa, Bell
y npEnM 3aJeAi1Efl’lKHM aKTHBHOCTHMa
ydnoctaBmajy jacHe 0JIH0Ce H ogro
Bapajyha npa~~na noHaulama. Reuia
Mi ce ga ce HHTepaicr~Hja 3’HYTap
CKyna janma onopo H y BC0M~ orpa
HH’IeHOM OOHMy. YnpicoC HPOTHUaHZY
upeMeHa, ThKBH CK)’HOBH HHKa~ He
11OCT~H3’ npa~e rpyne. Ha npHMep,
H~CT~BHHUH C)’ 3’ HPHJTHUH ga yno
petyjy OgeJbeH,a 3’ KOjHM npegajy.
~CCTO yo’laBajy ga ce ~eica ogemeH~a
BCOM~ Op3o O4JOpMe 3’ J~CHO CTp3’KTy-
~HC~HC rpyne, goK je gpyrHM ogen,e
FLHM~ noTpeGHO MHOrO BHWe Bpe
MeHa.
flex je noTpe6Ho H3BeCHO BpeMe
ga ce H3 CK3’TIHHC oco6a pasBHje rpy
na, ga rpyna pasBHje OBojy yHy
TpauIHy CTp3’KTYpY H ga OBnaga
CBOjHM 4~yHKUHjaMa. ~pyra’lHje pe
‘leHo, ,,rpyrIHOCT” je CnoaceHo CBOj
CTBO Koje y ~~3JIH’lHTHM 4aaaMa
pa3Boja rpyne M0)I(~ GHTH H3~~)K~HO
3’ pa3JIH’IHTOM cTeneHy.
Cpeguincicn ‘miuioqn 4opMiipaffia
rpyne
KaKo he ce 4iopMHpaTH rpyna H icoje
he 6HTH me~e nnaBne IcapaxTepHCTa
ice y BenHucoj MC~H 3~BHCH WI
cpe,zwor coLwJaJIHOr oxpyxcema y
KojeM Ce rpyna 4opMHpa n y KojeM
genyje. HsMel~iy npoueoa 4~OpMHpaiEa
rpyna y UIKOJIH H rpyna y HCKOM
C1IOpTCKOM x~iy6y nocroje MHore pa
aimice. Jom Behe 03’ pa~iinxe H3MehY
HaqnHa ~op~~pama HuIp. miconoxor
ogen,ema no rpyne H ueice He~op
ManHe agoneC~eHTCice rpyne. Pa3nH-
ice)’ Ha’THHy 4iopMHpama THX rpyna 3’
H~BOM pegy nponsna~e H3 ‘lHTh~HFW~
ga im ce oHe 4rnpMHpajy HJIaHCKH, no
rpyrie Koje cy geo opraHH3auHje HJW
Ce 4opMHpajy CnoHTaHo, no Mame
-RHine CaMocraime rpyne. (FopMllpa
me rpyne 3’ OKBHp3’ ~exe opraHH
3agHje TCCHO je 11OBC3~HO ca CBOj
CTBHM~ opraHn3auHje, imp. ca me
HHM UHiLCBHMa, saga~HMa, nporpa
MOM, H~~BHiIHM~ noHamama H 3’CnO-
BHM~ sa pag. Y MaRe crpyicrypHCa
HOM COIIHJaJIHOM oKpy2Keiby, no JHTO
je Hnp. HCKO CyCC~CThO, npeCygHy
139
yjiory y 4opMI4paH~y rpyue IlMajy MB
T~~~CH H UHTheBH noTeHuHjaJmIlx
qsianona.
4nc3nqjcc cucojinocru Moly oaiaicniam MilK
OTCKaTH 4~OpMHpaIbe rpyne. Behui cy H31JLC)jH
ma cc pa3nHje upyna oji oco6a Icoje memo aajcll
IIH’IKH upocTop 11010 011 oco6a xOjc cy Ilpo
oTopilo 0JiB0jCIlO. Ejiwniiia H paciiopcii y
npocropy HM~ na,xiiy yjiory. 3a nhlTepaKIuIjy
aaxniaje KoMyIiIIKauuja, H ncp6a.siiia H Heflep
ôamna. Mo cy oco6c flOnOibBO 631H3y JOHN a y rpynH flpBo, JEY4IH yna~e y rpyny
npyroj H TaKO pacllope)jene y IlpocTopy ma jon-
ile npyre nwtc, neha Jo neponaThloha ma he cc
cBe cpe.anHcxce OKOJiHOCTH HCTe, jeJ~H
1114 H3BO~ paaim~a cy cane oco6e Koje
‘IHHO nojegHHa oJ~eJbeH,a.
Mornnaijnja oco6a ~oje ‘wHe rpy
ny o1pe~yje Hilixofla o’1eKHBaIba y og
HOC)’ Ha rpyny. To turo JbYJIH o9eIcyjy
oy~ rpyne KojOj npirnagajy HMa BenH
KM yTHIIaj Ha H,HXOB OLTIUTH oguoc
npe~a ~~)‘flH H H~ i-LHXOBO noHau]aH,e
ga 6H 3aJzOnoibHnH oapfleHe noTpe
6e, HHTO~~C~ Him aceJEe. HeKe rpyrie
LjpTe J1H’IHOCTII JlOlia3e 310 113p11-
,Kaja y nohlawalby qJlah-IOBa rpync. Y
npBoM peny ana’laj tie cy IcapaKTephlc
~jpTe, jCj3 one o6JiHKyjy ogiioc oco6e
npeMa npyrMM ib~1Il1M~ n npe~a pagy.
Ba”cny ynory uMajy ii upTe TeMnepa
MeilTa, jep ynennico yTitHy H~ OFIIUTI!
CTIIJI nonawalEa 0C06C y rpynii. EK
cTpanepTne ocoGe CBOJIIM oTnopehli IM
nonawafbeM y6p3anajy pa3noj rpyne.
One naxo ycnoCTanJbajy 021110CC Ca
IIOBIII’I 11031 lallhluIlMa. I4CTIII in, nehut—
2. CTpyrrypa rpytre. Y rpynui cc
yCHOCTaBJEa CHCTOM CT26HJIII3OBILHHX
o~noca Met))’ ‘IJIaH0BHMa IcOjn cc
o6i,’ino o3HaqaBa icao GTPYKTY~~ rpy
rIO. Y cnalcoj rpyn~ noC-rojil r~taicap
MIII-lIlMalIna nollena paga, ,,Cneunja
nhI3OBflI-IOCT’ nojeIlHI-Inx ‘inat-tona ~a
itcice aKTHBHOCTM HuH 3agaTlce. Y TOM
cMhlCuIy Ce tcao 0 eneMenTilMa CTp3’K-
Type rpyno ronopit 0 rionoxcajuMa ii
yaoraMa CTpyicTypa rpyne ilMa 2180
mIMeil3llje: nepTMlcaimy no xojoj cc
—

Meby JhHMa pa3HHTH KOMYIIHKaIIHJI Ynpano C)’ npHn.na’lHe jep oMoryhyjy CBOJHM onpebyje OILHOC EiayIpeheHoCTH H 110-
1111 TIIX oglioca ocTaje nOBpWHa. Hi-i
palm cTnapalba IIOIIOJbIIHX thl3H’IKHX ycmona Jipet)CH0CTH floJIo)KaJa, H XopH3OH-
‘I.IIaHOBHMa .Ila Hcnoibe CBOjC eTasone, ~ponepme oco6e cnopiije yJla3e y
3a ,IcHny MCF)y006hly KoMyhIHIcawIjy y4eIlllKa, Tauiiy — no icOjOj ce onpet)yje none
BP~AH0CTH H HHTepeCOBaIEa, ga ce Ga InITepaicuhIjy, CROplIJO flIIlf)C icpyr
y MIIOrHM uhicOijaMa y4HoiIHne C)’ OIIpCMJ5CIIC 3L1IIOCT Mehy noJlowajHMa itc~or pal-I
,,nolcpeTllHM” liaMeuJrajcM. C1OJIOBH CC MOry ne aKTHBHOCTHMa Koje MM Tipyxcajy 3a- mygn C K0j LINt C)’ y III ITepaKWiJ Ii, all!)
lL!
paaMehilTaTH na ~B3NC ilaMMhle, Blip. y iioiiy aOBoJbcTBo. 3a ThHX je rpyna cpen C)’ 3aTo IbhIXOI3II oJJIIOCII Ca Thy1UIM~
Kpyr, Kpyr, upanoyraohlHhc, JCIIIIIICTBCIIO aa ItO CTBO H/I H HHCTPYMCHT ocTnapHnama ‘ICCTO cTa6iIimhIjIt ii npogy6ibcIIIiill. 3. Pviconohcme rpyrzoM. H najMa)ba
nO OlleibCIbC WIN OJLBOjeIiO 311 IICKOJIHKO ogpebeHe IlaMepe Him LIHJEa. Y9eHH- UpTe litI’hliOCTlI ce yrJlaBIloM lie I pyfla je pCJlaTHBhiO CJ10)KCH CHCTOM
M~ibHX rpyna. CmpH paeiiOpen ,,y noThuhaK’ 1111 1111)’ 3’ Lrnco.ny jja CT~KH)’ floTpeGHa nosbanajy icpoa o6pacue noiiahUa MCI1YCO6HO none3aHnx aIcTItBuoCTIl
cao6pa~<cii Jo cxna~ai~y ma jejut;Ia upenhia IW 3Halba, ga go6Hjy AH11JIOMY KOJ~ MM i-ba Icoje C)’ oco6e CTCKJIC TOKOM )KIIBO KOJIIM ic ma On 6iio e4micacan, no
MyHlllcauHja y iiacTanH je 01111 Icoja Kilo Ofl na o6e36ebyje ogpe~eHa npana. .Lbygn Ta y ogpehenoj C0hthI0-KySITyphlOj CpC rpe6 I TO VHpJBJLUTII it/Ill pyKOBOJIUTI!.
CT~BhlHK11 hca y’ICHHUHM& JlaHac JO TO ce y’1naH,yjy y noimTH’nce opraHH3a- ill 11111. (:1 IiGIIJlll3onall CIIc-reM ynpanmalta
cxauaTalhe yrilanhiOM H~fl~WTCIIO, TO CC YIIOJIC IIJIII i3o1JCTBa je CBOJCTBO ycnetmio
uHie ga 611 BPWHJiH yTHuaj Ha
K T~KBH OGJ1HUH iiacmne KOjH IIOI1CTH~)’ KO o4opMmeHe rpyne. Y 4lopManHoj
apywTneHa 36Hna1-ba, Hith yja 611 GTe- him oylnhlicyje pa3nhtjeIly r[Jylly?
MyHHIcauHjy H llpyre UHJLOBC hICIIOcpcflhIC HI! [‘pYIIH notja je oco6a Koja 311)’3HM~ no
KiTh nOJIHTHMKH yrneg H GIL Ra GM InTo
Tepaicnnjc yiiy~ap OljeThCibCKe i-pyno. siowaj not)e, Icoja o6anma yjiory ne~a
gy~ice ca~ynaim agpani~e H ogpxcasni 1. rpynHu LI IL/bc flit Y Cnalcoj rpynhl
nHTanHocT, JE)’JIH C~ y~iiaityjy 3’ paa iiy 3a Taj nonOxcaj H TMMe ocTBapyje
noc-roje najMaIbe 1180 BpCTC L1l1mcna
He ~CK~O~THBH~ icny6one, ogna~e Ha hl3~~3HT yTlrnaj Ha flOHaWaHe ‘uiano
Hepcouamirn ‘111111101111 4)opMHpaWs (1) nH11nBnAyaJlHH 11311-I ill-FIB!! UI IJbC—
.Th~Tl-b~ H 3HMC1~~ peicpearnn~e ,,ceMH na rpyne it ocTnapHnaibe unmena II
rpyne Bit itei-ii ix qnaiiona ii (2) rpyn III! h1~II—
H~~C” H GIL ,E~pyro, JbYThH yiiaae y rpy 3aaaTalca. Y He~opMaflHllM rpynaMa
JbCBII I IJ1I I ~ 021) I11’IKI I II.! imeni I C HI IX
Ppyny ‘mi-rn oco6e. Cnaica oco6a noce tie H flOg 11~HTHCKOM CpeflHHe. CHa (nehitne) ‘inanona. 14~ehy TI-TX lIhlibe
noha je oco6a Koja 1-IMa HajBehH flit
naj i-ia ocTane qna~one rpyne, a TITMO
zzyje MHore ocoGHHe H yc~amei-ie roM nponHca, ~3’TO~HTCT~ H o6irnaja Ba MO)KC noCTojaTIt IIIl3aK 113111 I3IICOK
it na ocTnapHBaH,C rpyrlHl-Ix UlilbeBa.
o6pacue noi-iawaaa. Mel~y 0006aMa cpegHHa 06e36fl3’je Hup. ga ce OHM CTCflCH cnaral-ba. Y rpyfiaMa icojo sa
Pa3unncyjy ce mBa oCHoBHa cmu1a
Koje npHnaaajy HCTOJ Pp3’IIH IJOCTOjC ceg~orog~wi~ai~u 3’flHWy 5’ uncosiy, cTajy CnOHTaII0, rpyflflM L1113be1311 C)’ y
pyiconohel-ba: ayTOKpaTCKH (uoha 110-
3Ha’1ajHe HHLIHBH3IYaJIHe paaimKe, a ~a npHxnaTe WKOJKK5’ oprarnnauHjy ~eJiHKOj M0~II H 31H’IHH LIIIJUCBII. Y
nocti ogjzyxe 0 GBHM Ba)ICHHM 1IHTa1-bH-
~K0JJHKO floTwIy H3 ~~3JIHMHTHX GO )ldHBoTa H paga H gao ce6n MHCJIC xao rpyrlaMa Koje 1-lacajy niianCKit, noity
Ma, oCTaJlI-t H3Bpwanajy Iberonc
uHjaimHx cpe3LHHa HOCTOje H COflH o y~e~~icy. OrpoMHa nehHna CC~MO
— JIaJ)HOCT 3II1’lllhlX ~lij~ena ‘ijiai bun II
nanore) ii )IeMOKPaTCKH (ojuiyice cc
jasifie pa3Jlrnce. CHaKa rpyna je i-inca rogHwaalca neh y~anpeg pa3BHje Mo ynanpezi gec~IlHhICaH1Ix wimena rpy
~onoce fl)’TOM rpyrinor ogny’ml3alba,
apc~a ,,pe3yIITaHTe” ocoGHHa H THBauHjy aa noJla3alC y IUKoJIy, TC na je y Haj6omeM cnyuajy CaNto jjejni
j
TeZH,H oco6a oji KOJUx e cacTaBj~eHa. CaMO f3~TKH ca3Hajy xaxo Ha ibHxone ‘iuianonn rpyne cymenyjy H y
Mhl’lHa. )ja 6;i ‘IJIaHOBlI yCnojilJlhI
HaCTaBHHUH ce CB~KC rO3~HHe H3HOB~ pogtireme gesiyje cHara salcoHa. flpn omJly’II1Bal-by H y n3npwaBaH3y ouiliy
[tilibeBe rpyne ii na Gii Ce 3anaranhl 311
yBepanajy z~a je cna~o o~ememe je fl~~HOCT H MHOFHM gpyrHM rpyna~a 1(11).
H,l-IXOBO ocTaap1I8an~e. rpyna lix ny
3jHHGTBeHa, HeII0HOBJEHBa rpyna, j~a je H3~~3 floTpe6e aa xw-zs~apMsgpa 4. I’pyriiie nopMe. fla 6it IlMana
TOM pa3lIlIx Mexanll3aMa COuHJalliIor
HHKaJ~a HH j~na oI~eibeH~a HUG)’ y CHUM TheM, a noHekag H H3~~3 JIOKOpaBaHIa KoHTpOfly iiam CBMM alcTepuMa 11 3611-
yiluaja, icao UITO Cy I-hip. narpnhiiiia
BaxcUliM oco6HHaMa UCTa flourro cy 3&XTCBHM~ CpeJJkzHe. Bal-bhiMa Koja Ce y lboj ofl8HJajy, i’py
i-be H Ka)Idn,aBafbe, Ha TO nonCTH’I~.

141
in ycnoc~a~ma rpyaae HopMe. Ha
onulTe y~pyu1TBCHe i-iOpMe rpyna ,go
y~aje oBoja npan~JIa noHamama. Ra
GHCMO pa3yMeJul noHawame MJI~HOB~
i-mice rpyne, noTpe6Ho je, H3Meby
ocTanor, y~a ~flO3H~MO Koje HO~MC cy
eBojoTseHe ia HZHXOB~ rpyny.
Koje o6sIacTH noHaIJJaH,a he 6HTH
HopMHpaHe, flBHCH OJI sHauaja KOJH
HMajy 3a OnCTaHaK H ~CflCLL1HOCT rpy
ne. OTyy~a, c~aica B~CT~ rpyna pa3Bl4ja
oBoje HOpMC H yciciia~yje MX ca ycno
BHM~ flOJt KOjHM y~eJ1yje. eyHKuHja
~~~IIHHX HO~MH je ~a 2J~OH~HHCC~
OcTBapl-lBal-by I~HJEeBa rpyne H cTa6H-
JIH3OB~Th~ O,gHOCa y rpynH. Jey~na
HopMaje rpyn~a~e~ aico je H~HXB~T~
BehHHa qJIaHoBa. Y3 110pM)’ Kojy je
rpyna FI~HXB~THJ1~ ~ caHIcw-lje: 3a
FIOUITOBaHDC HO~M~ cJIey~H Harpay~a, a
3a HCH0UITOBaH,e Ka3Ha.
5. YCITCLLIHOCT r’pylw. Ycnewi-iy
rpyny oyiiinicyjy BHCOK~ ~t~HK~CH0CT
(npo,ayKTHBH00T), 3aJlpBOJbcTuo ‘Lila
HOBa rpyno~ H Hr,HXOBa O)~~HOCT rpy
mi.
6. f’pynHa Tpaflwlja )KHB0T H
pa~~ y rpyrrn ce y~e. Ycnemna rpyna
B~OM~HOM 4~OpMHpa KapaKTepHcTH
qaH CMCTCM yBepeiba, cTaBoBa, Bpej~
HOCTH H nagHHa noHaulama, KOjH ce
o6wIHo oaHa’laBa icao rpyniia Tpaj(Ii
zwja, na, ~aK, H icao xyiz~ypa rpyiie.
IPYHHI4 HPOIWCH
OcHona cualce rpyni-ie aICTHBH00TH je
~ arcTnBHocT ‘LnaHoBa
rpyne. HajBehH ~~3YJIT~TH 3ajey~-
HH’lKOr pay~a IIO’1HBaJy Ha payjy H 3~-
Jiaramy nojey~HHaua. FpynHa aicTon
HOOT HHje II~OCT 3GHp aICTHBH0CTH
noje~1$Ha~HHX MJIaHOBa rpyne. Oi-ia
je y~eic HHTCp-aIcw4ja, npoqec y KOJCM
yl~os1a3H yip Beher mm MaHer noBeaM
Bama, ycKJIa1~JHBama HuH cynpoTcTaB
142
mama aKTHBH00TH nojeylHHHX qua
i-ioin. YnpaBO noJla3ehH O~ Tor KpMTe
pHjyMa, MO)K~MO ~~3JIHK0B~TH yine
O0HOBHe utace ~~YHHHX npogeca: (1)
rpyn~e npouece y KOjHM je Mehy006-
HO cao6pahame quia~o~a rpyne eBe
~CHO Ha HajMamy Mepy, H (2) rpyniie
npouece 3’ KOjHM je HHTepnepcoHan
Ha ~KTHBHOCT BeoMa HapaxceHa.
AKTMBHOCT Y I1PHCYCTBY
,T~PYFHX
I ~barxnJIHrazwje, mo noja~anan,a dnpeMHocrH J~a
YTlrnaj npncycma ilpyrux Ha y’ui~ax<
Y exdnepHMeHTI-lMa y KOJHM je npoy’ianana
mmHBHnya.TTHa alcmuHocT (imp. ona,tcan,e,
y’leibe, MHfflJLCH,e, na,icma, (j)H3H’IKH pan H mp.)
HCW~>KHB~NH Cf yO~HJIH 2X~ ce HCJTHTHHUH
pa3Jii-nHTO noiiamajy Kana cy ca~a H Kama je
npncy~an eKdHepHMeHTaTOp H npyr~ HCHHTa
1[HUH.
YTuphexioje mace ,,ØexaT ny6urnKe”janma
KO1I BCOMa paanwiHnlx npcTa IIyGJIHKC, xao
InTO cy imp. 3aMumJ~ona nyUjiwca (ny6srnica
Kojy H3notai mpH Be)Ic6aH,y 3aMmnuba, Jep
oNeKyje ma he Tipem ThOM H3BO4HTH TO mTo
y’rn), CKPHBOHR IZY6JIHKa (H3no~ag3HamaJe no
I
cMaTpaH, GHJIO ma M~ je TO H3pH’IHTO pe’xeHo
113TH ma no He’ieMy aaKuby’lyje, ~3TH He BHJIH
cnoje nocMaTpa~e), IIOCIJBHa uy5nnzca (nocMa
TPa’IH cy npl-I0yTHH, npaTe H3BO1~jeThe aKTHE
110cm, auTH cy paBHomynIHH H He noxa3yjy
1IHK~KI3O peaKitHje), arncm;ra 1Iy5JIUK8 (ornope
HO H YIIaJUl,HBO pearyje na nojemuHe nocryn
xc HanohaMa), saBnJaqzcrc HDKJIOH,OH3 n-y6JIHKa
(oxpa6pyJe H3noha’ia, c~ajmo cc npe~a H,eMy
)1~)KH OJIaTOHaKJTOHO) H HaBuja~Jdu HeHaIcJJo
mona IIY6JIKKa (o6ecxpa6pyje H3no1~a’ia, Hera
THBHO oueH~yje one mro y’nmn, ca HeomO
6panameM nponpara cEaKH merou HocTynaK).
Y CBHM THM dny’IajeBHMa flBpljeHe cy paanH
Ke y y’rnHKy ,,npem ny6urnxow’ y omnocy Ha
y’rniiaic y cwryauHjH ,,6e3 ny6jrnxe”.
fly6jrnxa MOKe HMaTH IIO3HTHBaH H Hera
I UHje capambe H dHTyaJfllje TaKMH’Ie
THB~H e4JexaT Ha y’IHHaK. Jbrnema mace 110311-
mBaH edjeicwr jansba oulla xama ce pajin 0
jemnocTannoj ~urn mo6po Hay’ienoj axmnno
0TH. Y ~axnoj cwryauHjn moJTa3H mo cowcjaane
I flpacyme oco6e He MopaJy §HTH ny6jrnxa.
ce nmeme mo6po Hay’leua axTHnHoct HeraTH
nan e43eKaT ce janma aico Jo pe’i 0 CJIO)KOHHM
aKTHIIHOcTHMa xom Kojax nomejia na)ICH,e Ha
ny6nrncy H H~ H3BOteThe axmnHocnl cMamyje
e4HxacHocT, 113111 aico cy y HHTaH,y cjiabo
nay’IeHe axTHnHocrH Te te npem nyGumxoM
Janma cwax om Heycnexa. Ta,ga ce rOBOpH 0 co
nujannoj unxu5siisnju.
HcTpaIcnna’m cy y~npmwm ma nocTojH
nHllle 4)aKTopa Oil KOJHX 3~BHCH ma 3111 he npn
cycrno mpyn-’x H3a23BaTH nojany 4)aIflhJiHTaUH.
Je 113TH nojany HIIXHÔH1IHJO.
3’ npiicycrny ,upyrnx Iiojwxco cc wino y~
6y1)cma oco6c, nn’o noãoganaaa nanoijomo
OHILXaKFJJBHOCTH KOJO cy ,uoUpo nayqonc a o~c
Th 113B01fr0130 cga6o H8Y’WHHX azcnmnocnt. Y3-
MHMO y’IeHHxa KOJH je mo6Ho ~ama~ax ma
npnHpeMn H3uiarame 0 jemuoj TeMH 113 HCHXO
.nori-iJe. Axo y1{enHlc i-mm Hclcycrna ca TaKBHM
aamaTxoM, Jep je cuiH’me cmapH pam-To H paim
Jo H &XO My je TOM~ 0 KOjOj rOBOpH mo6po 1103-
Ham, npHcycTno culymaulaila he HMaTH
nomcTHnaJHo mejcTno H BeponaTHO Gnhe TO .110-
no HaJlarau,e. Mo Jo, c mpyre cipaHe, yaenHx
ITPBH nyT JI0GH0 Talcan aaJTaTax, a HcnOcTanH
no ce ma M~ Jo TeMa neo~a cTpana, merono
113maraibe ho neponamo 611TH HHxHGHpaH0
HpHcycTnoM aymuTopHJyMa.
Kpsrrnvru çtanop je OWOKJiBaIJ,c ira he fly
5JIIIKa OIlcFMfnaTH A2TaJIIfTcT 113B01)cma arricn
11OCT11 ii KnaJInTcruanol)aila flpomana’i Jo BHffle
y3GyteH xaaa nepyje ma he ronopaTH npem
cnymaouaMa KOJH cy cnoco6nH ma OneHe Ito
rono H3JTaraH,e, Hero axo nepyje ma Jo ny6umxa
HeynyheHa 3’ TeMy npemanama. Hcro, xa~ä
O’iexyJe ma hey ny6imnH §11TH oco6e xoJo cMa
wa na,KHHM, yrJTomHHM H c.1L, aerono ya
6y~eme Jo nehe. Va6y~ome noja~ana aa6pH-
HyTocT ocoGe ma 6w Jo cnymaoua Morma ouo
HHTH HerarlinHo.
Ymz~aj ynoper~uor o6ana,aa,a
aIminHoc-rn Ha
0110 Mory H caMe, dnalca 3a ce6e, H3EOmHTH
HOT)’ aKTHBHO0T. Ty je pe’i 0 HcTonpeMeHoJ H
ynopemHoj aKTHBH0VTH 143111 KOaKTjHjH.
YoqeHo je limp. §HWIKJIHcTH Ha weHnni y
nocTHzlcy nehe 6p31-mo axo cc yTpxyjy ca He
KHM O11OH0HT0M 113TH mpyroM 113 icuiyôa Hero
aico §p3HHy nacToje ma nonehajy r.nemameM Ha
cat Jenan HcTpaXcHBa’T Je, ma On excnepH
MOHTaJTHO TTpOB0pH0 ynuzaj IlpHcycTna mpy
nix na y’iHnax, rpynH meue manao 3amaTa~c ma
HaMoTanajy KoHalt aa ymmie InTO Gpico ~ory.
Jleua cy raJ 3a.aaTax H3nomana mom nRa pa
3JuTqHTa ycmona — KajIa cy caMa H xa,~a cy aa
jemHo, maxme ynopelpinao Je H3OJIonairy
&RTMBHOCT H Ynope,uny 81<THBIIOCT (Koagzgsjjy).
JCao WTO Jo H o’Iexnnao, meua cy Opxce pamwia y
mpymTny ca mpyroM meuoM (xao xoalcTopn) He
ro Kana cy Gnuia caMa. Ta npoMena ce MO)Ko ob
jacnHnl nojanoM pHnauInrcTa, T2KMH’IapCKHM
CTaJJOM.
Haico rpyno Mory ypa.RHTH Bnine oil noje
mnHaua, ‘naHonil rpyne ce Mory MaH,e wymit
TH Hero UIT’b 611 6no cny’iaj ma pailo caa.rn. Y
rpynH ce janma Hen BpcTa ,,coxxnJannor ,llan
ryã.mcma” H ,,naBna~rcma Ha pa9yn npyrnx’~
ICaga cy Hc1pa~lcHBaqH on nojomnHa’mHx oco
H om mymi y rpyilaMa Tpaznsnj ma BHqy
InTO Mory rmacHnJe, noxaaauio cc ma je raula,ja
xojy Jo cTnapauia rpyna Oama ja’ia. Aim noje
mamIH y Ep3’HH Hi-Icy BHKaJIH OHOflHxo rilacHo
(aucy cc 3ajlarajm Ha aamany) xao Eana cy Ga-
3111 cal.n-T. ifiro Jo 3amaTax Mame HpHBJIa’lan, TO
co Jbyml-T y rpynn RHInO ,,H3B31a’io”. Ya To, HIT-
11011 y’iHHxa y rpynat.ia cy ynex HIDKH icam cy
ityma ocohaim ma maxono HHJIHBH.nyaJTHo 3a-
marame Hobo §11TH ~O’IOHO. Y ~axnoj cHTyalpt’
JH ‘IJTaI{onH rpyno aiiaJy 113111 nepyjy ma Hohe
611TH HarpfloHH 3a nehe 3ajiaraae, HH~ he
OHTH xa)KTheHH 3a cMameH monpaHoc.
TAKMHZIEH,E H CAPAgH,A KAO
OEJTIWH 3AJEJ1~HHtflcE
AKTHBHOCTH
Y cBaKo2flJenHoM ZHBOTy rpyne OMe
1-byjy ce ~Ba Tuna CHTyat~~-~ja ci-rrya
—
ma. OCHODHa paaimica H3Mety Ta zwa
THFIa cwryaI~Hja je 3’ fl~M~O~~H ilHJba
1-13TH H~4HH~ na KOjH je 2W4)HHHcaH
I-IHJL Hexe KOHKpeTHe aKTHBHOCTH.
143
 Aicoje uwljemHe Ppy11HeaKTMBHO-
0TH T~KBC npllpoae 113TH je TaKO fle4)I1-
HHCaH ma ra Moxce OCTB~~HTH caMo
jenHa oco6a wit-i orpai-m~en 6poj
oco6a, oHma HMaMO cHTyaw-ljy Talc
MwIel-ba. Y TOj dilTyaWluM, WITh je Ca-
MO Teopilicuil nocTynaH caulMa. Y
ocTBapilBaity WIJba flOCTOj H 11OT11~H~
aim HeraTHEHa MehyaaundllocT y’ie
cHwca 3’ aKTHBH0cTH. ifiTo 03’ H3rsIemll
ma he uemaH y’IeCHHK OOTBapHTH J-iHJI’
Behil, TO C)’ H3r.nemH ocTajmx )‘M~0HM-
ica jia 0CTB~~~ 110TH aiIm c~e MaH,u.
Kama jemaH ~MCCHl1K nOcThrHe I-UIJIZ, 3’
TOj dHTyaulljM Taj LjHJb 08MM ocTajmM
y~ecH1iuHMa nocTaje HemooTH)lcaH.
Ha npHMep, no cc ‘IJIaHOBH rpyne
TaKMH’Je 3’ Tp’IaFb3’, caMo jenaH Mozce
ma OcBOJH npno MecTo.
Mo je WITh rpyn~e aKTIlnHocm
TaKBe npiipome 11,1111 je TaKO
call ~a icama Gyme OdTB~~~H npnnama
CBMM yqecHlIwlMa, ollma IIM~MO Cli
Tyawijy capamae. Y ciiTyauHjn ca
pajjibe, oBaicH monp~uoc OCTBapeFb3’
wima jemHalco je npena~ 3a cne
y’ledHHKe, cni-i cc jcmllalco npn
6jiwicanajy wit-I ynamaBajy om wima.
Y ocTBapHBaay UIlJba, nOCTOjII nOT
ny~a H n03HTHBHa MeFJyaaBI-ICHOCT
canx y’IecHIiKa. Ha npiiMep, no ce
‘uiaHoBH rpyne TaKMHMe y IIITØeT
HOM Tpualty, onga ocBOjeHO MCCTO
np~naiia ueJToj rpyrn (,,wTa4em”).
Y cFlTyaLU4jH TalcMwlema cuaicn no
jemnHaLl o6anma sa)~aTax y ucJuiHn. y
TOK3’ Il3BpuzaBaiba samaTica HHKO liii
woMe ne noMa)Ke, nocTnrHyTH peayJi
T~T je ~epa JIH’lHc e43MKaCHOcTII
nOjemI-maa. O6paTHO, 3’ CHTyaLUIjH ca
pamue, 3amaTax cc fleiTH Ha one qilaHo
Be, y TOKY pama OHM UOMa)Ky jeJlHll
mpyrnMa, a noCTHrHyTM pe~ysiTaT je
Hajnpe Mepa yC11e11JHOCTM rpyrle, a
o~ma H cnalcor H,eHOr ‘IjiaHa.
‘44
To cy 01111011 ,,‘IHCTHX” cilTyaLuija.
Y )ICHBOT3’ rpyne npeoBnahyjy ,,Me
waHil” O6JIHLIH.
Y H~ICHM rpyna~a )IOMHHH~~ je
maii Tim cHTyauHja, na cc rvIo*e rono
~I4TM 0 TalcMHMapcKliM MilK K0Mfl~Th-
THBHMM rpyna~a H 0 C~P~~HHMKHM
113TH KO0IIepaTHBHHM rpynaMa. Y mo
6po 4opMnpaHHM rpyna~a r.naBHn
TOIl ~~YflHMM omHocHMa H aTMOC4)epH
rpyne maje capamiba. Capamma mo
11~11H0CH BeheM ~e~nnaay aa rpyny,
BeheM nonepemy H ~~3MCHH ucicycTa
Ba. Oco6e Koje capflyjy CKJ10H~ cy ,~a
niiwe ncTwIy onoje nomTHnHe 000-
ii ma annie o6paTc nan-by Ha 110-
3HTIIBHc OdOGHHe mpyr~x oco6a. Taic
MwieH,c noja9ana aHra)KonaH,e H
.naralbe nojemMllLia, aim ca~o y nane
ctioj Mepil. Aico TalcMH’Iap He Bepyje y
cnoje uariieme Ha no6cmy, OH cc Mawe
aaJIa)Ke 113111, ‘JaK, omycTaje. Yicosn-nco
odor ico je ydnemHHjn, aamecn i-ieica
Hearoma, noja~anajy cc H3PJ1~~H Ma
ite. )‘dfl~WHHX ma 6ymy no6emHHun.
Mo Helco Bepyje ma 3H~ cTpaTerlljy
Koja .,cllrypHo” no6etyjc, OH je xpnje
om 0CTaJTHX H HacTOjil ma octane gone-
me y aa6jiymy. floniTo je onto jemaH
,,no6emHl-ilc”, nehHHa y~ec~rnca oc’raje
4pycTpupaHa 11 He3amOnOmHa. OmHO
cii y rpyrm ce HapywaBajy, nocTajy
HenoBepJbHaH H HenpnjaTemdlq-1.
Cnaico y onaicoM 811.1111 RHINe HC~~THB
HHX ~cro HO3HTHBHHX 0006HHa.
TEPAIII4JCKE r~~ri~ H
3AJEJTJIHUE
ThHHaMwfxa dnojdTna Marie rpyne KO
~HCTC cc no no~cTHuajn aa Mel-Lame
nonawal-ba, 611310 y cwryaw-IjaMa
y’iema 11.1111 y nonxoTepanHjH. Ca THM
IIMThCM paanHjeHH C)’ 6pojHM Mo)~eflH
rpyn~or palm lcojH Ce npHMeItyjy y
peIcpeauHjH, o6paaonamy ii ncnxo’re
panMjll.
Cycpeme rpync
CxBaTal-ba 0 ul-ImenuMa H HaqmnlMa
pama oBHx rpyna TeMeme cc na XyMa
i-IIICTH’IKH 0pHjeHTHOaHHM Teopuja
Ma JIH’IHOCTH. UHm cycpeTllnx rpyna
je ma npeico YTHU~J~ Ha ~~3BOJ dBedTH
o ce6z-i flOI1~HHCCY onwrcM paanojy
J1n’IIIOCTH oco6e H no6omwalby me
HHX omHoCa ca mp)’nHM JbymlIMa.
AKTHBHOGTH C3’0~~THMX rpyna C)’
Talco oma6pane ma enyice yne~ic6aBalby
H 3’dB~dJ amy o6paaaua cnoHTaHOr no
i-Iawama 3’ HllTcpnepdona.rIHHM 0mb-
dMa. KysiTHnl-idal-bc nOnepel-ba 3’
myme, ne>ic6ame HdKpcJ-for pearOnalba
~a a6HBama, nexc6ame y HcTpa)KMBa
ity omrOBopHoCTI-1 3a nodTynKe II
cji~’~He aKTHBHOCTI4 yBCK 0)’ )‘dM~~C
ije I-I Ha auaiui~y dondTnebOr 110-
ii noiiawaH,a mpyriix
‘IJIaHOBa rpyne.
Om y~cc~mca ce o’lelcyjc fla pa3BIl-
jy 0TBO~~HY H ncicpeiiy MebyCo6I-Iy
KoMyHwca’.u-Ijy- On ~HX cc saxTena ma
c.rlo6omllo i-iapazanajy onoja npana
ocehama H n3Hode icaico al-ime H
mo)KMnmaBajy ce6e H mpyre oco6e. Y
rpynn je 06w! Ho 10 no 15, pehe no 20
oco6a. 06H’IHO d)’ TO oco6e icoje ce pa
ilhIje HId)’ nO3HaBaJle H Koje cy
cnpe~~e ma meo cnor c.no6omi-ior spe
Mella nodneTe JIHMHOM paanojy. Y
H~MHHY OpraHHaOBama H Tpajama pa-
ma Twc rpyna nOCTOje BeJIHKe paaJii-i
ice. YrJIaBHOM, CacTajy cc nonpeMeHo,
Hnp. jenHoM 113111 maa ny~a Henemi-fo y
TOKY HeKoilnico Medeun. flpaicTi-ilcyjy
ce H ,,MapaToHcKH caCTaHLtH” Koull
~pajy uenor BHKeHma H ompicanajy cc
H3naH MeCTa CTanHor 6opanica. 1430-
JIonabe 0.11 CBaKOmHeBHHX OKOJIHOdTH
H n3.nozeHe npo,11ylccHOM yTnuajy
rpyne, oco6e Mopajy 3’3TO)1(HTII nehit
lianop ma lldTpajy y HOBHM o6rnlwlMa
noHawal-ba.
Y’IeCHMLIH 3’ C3’d~~THHM rpyna~a
‘JeCTO H3BeuITanajy o ycnemHoM y~e
my HonHx o6imica noHawama, 0 no
Gomwamy ca~onoyamama H BeJIHKOM
3amonomcTay a6or 0TB0~~HOCTH 1(011-
TaKTa ca mpyr~~ OdO6aML Ycnex
OBIIX rpyna npBeHdTBeHO 3~BHCH OIL
CTpy’IHOcTH H JIH’IHHX KEaJTHTeTa py
lconomiIOua (,,Tpenepa”), aJIH i-i on
d3T~M~J i-for CacTana )corncpeTHe rpyne.
CycpeTHe rpyne Hi-Id)’ TepanHjclce, ~re
BehH 6poj oco6a ca my6mHM npo6.ne-
MHMa ycnopana i-ianpemaic rpyne icao
LLeJmHe.
Tpenaicne rpyne
Epynlla mMHaMHKa Mo)ice 6HTH 1101(0-
pHwheHa aa o6y~aname 143111 ynexc6a-
name JLY~H 3’ alcTHBHocTHMa Icoje cy
aHaMajHe aa o6anmame npo4eduje.
HenonomHH HHTepflepdOHaJIHH on
110CM y paLjHoj rpyn~ ~ory 611TH nO
cnemiiua HenonomHor no3llanama
~ex~uica pyiconol~ema H capamme, Hea
meKBaTHMX CTaB0Ba H ynepema ‘ijia
Hona rpyne. 3aKmy’IeHO je ma 6n
mymn~a -rpe6ano oMOryhHTH ma
ne)fc6aH,eM CT~KH)’ oceTmMnodT 3a 110-
c~ynice npyrux mymii H 3~ BJI~CTHTO
nonaulame. HanpaBmeHn 03’ ~~3H0-
B~dHH nporpa~i Bewc6ama. Hexu om
I-LHX C~, Ha npHMep, HaMemeHa p)’KO
nomHOllHMa, omHooHo oco6aMa Koje
~enocpem~o pyxconome rpyna~a pan
HHlca, cnywc6eHHKa, cTpy’Imaica H 0.11. Y
rpyn~ om 10 no 15 oco6a, Icoja cc no
npe~e~o caoTaje y TOKY nnwe nejje
ma, some ce nllclcydnje ca g~me~ ma cc
nocTHrHe cnoGomHO H OTBOf~HO
i-iapaicaname o npoG.meMi-tMa KojH i-tx
My’Ie, ma call y’lecTByJy 3’ aHaJIH3H
mx npo6.rie~a H npemsIaramy pewe
ma icoja cc m~~a qHHe ma Cy nOmeCHa~
145

TpeHaxHe rpyne HiUl ,,T-rpyne” 1w-
~HCT~ Ce H 3’ TOK~ UIKOJIOBaI-ba Kao
o6sInuH yBe)K6aBaaa 6yj~yhHx npo
4ecHoHanHHx y.rrora.
]flpynoM ~~KOBO~H ncHxonor. The
roB ~aj~aTaK je jia flO1ICTH’1e i-iHpn~uja
THB~ ‘JJIaH0Ba, j~a no~a~~e y aHasiH3H
H uHTepnpeTauHju JbHXOBHX ~HCKy
cHja. HoBpeMeno ce ~eo cacTaHica om
Baja ~a pe3HMHpaHe H dllc.TeMam3o-
BaThe J~HCK~TOB~HHX flpOGJIeMa, IIITO
je nc~xojiory noBoj~ ~a OJ~~)KH xpaha
npejxaaaita Hnp. 0 rpynn, onaMcaH,y
oco6a, npo6JleMaTrniu pyKOB01~eHa H
cit
HdllxoTeparnljcKe rpyne
rpymia nci4XoTepalli4ja oMoryhyje TepafiCyTy
ma acTonpeMello pami4 ca nehaM GpojeM oco6a
rlomTo MILO~H HpO6JIeMH yxmy’fl’jy Temxohe
y omuocuMa ca npyfllM ibymaMa, rpyniia Ca
TyauajaMo)Ice noMoha y muxonoMpenlanamy.
flpno, ona noMaxce ma cc noTnynaje carnemajy
CHMHTOMH nopeMehaja lcpo3 lbHXOB0 acnoJ~a
name y anTepaKImja, a 3~THM H ma Ce, y arMo
c4epa nompulKe, acnpo6ajy irona o6jimw
nonamalba KOJHM cc nojemmie Teuncohe nperia
aana3e. JiocToja BHIUC U~HCT~U~ y OpraHl43O-
Ball,)’ H nOl)elby ncaxoTepanajcKax rpylTa
(imp. FemTaJITHCTH’IKH, 6axennopncm~xn),
ajom name pasiia’ia~~x Monenarpymle Tepa
naje.
TCIIITaJIT-repaizuja 6ana cc nojemanueM y
rpynlloj caTyanaja. HarnacaKje HanenonaTo
CTH .IIH’IHOCTH oco6e H H~ ydnocTanmaiby je
IIHIICTBa H3Me1~jy IbCIIHX caiia~n~nx MHCMH,
ocehai~a H nOcTynaxa. Ui-ui, je ma oco6a oja9a
cnoje caMOnoy3mame H ma ll~C)’3M~ omronop
IIOCT 3a ycMepaBalbe conc~nenor )KHBOTI
flcnxojipaMa je O6JIHK rpynne Tepanaje y
icOjoj oco6e npey3aMajy paa~e ynore H K~03
arpame THX ynora yno3lrajy npanH icapaic~ep
cBOjHx HnTepnepcolrajulHx upoGneMa H 0Gb-
co6manajy ce ma ]cOHTpOJlHuly cnoie HO
Hamall,e.
146
I
TPOIIC8KWIOH3 anamna cc bana na’i~iia~a
ira icoje j~yma oGanj~ajy paa~ene (TpaHcalcwI
Ic) JCIWH ca mpyraMa. Honaujame oco6e, c~a
Tpajy TpaHCaKuHonaJIaem, npOH3JIa3H in
jelmor oh TpH ,,ero-cmma”. Ta ero emma ce 30-
I ocehama yaajaMHe HalcmollocTH, ma dM~ThH CX
By ,,meTe”, ,,pomaTeJb” H ,,OmpaCJIH”. Ero-cmme
,,meTe” nompaIcana oRe na’nme mO)KHBmanan,a
KOjN cy icapaKTepHcTH’HIH fl meTamcTno, Hflp.
ocehalba cila600TH, pa3o’lapama, 4pycTpauHje,
OmGaIiHnaFba, ~J1H H K~~~THEH)’ H Mc~aKH
naMKy pamo3HaJiOCT, ‘iyirno y1caBaH~e H CM.
Ero-cTame oaHa’leHo Kao ,,pomHTem” yx
Jby’Iyje POIIHTeJECKa upanmia, npoue~e H
ynyTorna >13 IIPEHX romana ,icanoTa. Ono je
ocaona cHa)KHor yTiulaja ayTOpwreTa Ha ica
cni-ije noiramame. Ero-cmme ,,ompacnu” je meo
JIaqnocTH ira xo~e cc re~ei~e HeaanHdHocT,
pa36opHTocT, o6anemTenocT, icpwrepHjyMH
ogemnnama H a~arrrimnocT ocoöe. OcHonHa
jemanHua pa~~eire >1MM TpaHCalcllaje je ,,iiO
re3”, nocTynaK. Jjeua y’ie Koje noTe3e 1MM no-.
CTyHKe ~ory ma o’iexyjy Gm mpyntx. 1103>1-
THBHH HOTe3H cy ~~3HH BHJ~OBH Tenedfle cHa
re, npaxnaTama, sbyGa3HocTw HenLThBHH no
Te3H C)’ )‘il~PUH, icpwrMKe, om6auHnama. Cmme
,,meTeTa” nacranma ma i-pan aa nap~nepn~a
icoja he y TpaHcaKuHJaMa HrpaTa peuanpo’iHy
ynory y ,,cIleHapnjy” KOja je Hay’iea y IIeTHH,
GrEy. UHTh waHca~cuaoHe anan~~e je ma OT
Kpaje na oco6y KapaKTCpHCTH’IHe o6pacne
miTepaicuaje H ma noneme ocoGy mo OWW eTyn
ma smqnor paancja Ha KOJeM he crame era 03-
ira~eHo icao ,,ompaciia” yc~epanarn HHTepaK
uHje ca jipyrn~ JJYJIHM2, ama he noneicne Tone
~Hd~TH H HCflOJb~B~Th~ IXPyn lflia ero-ci-ama.
rlomcemire cy WaHCaKIIHjC HcTor HHnoa flIp
,,meTe” — ,,me-re”, ,,ohlpacnH” — ,,onpacjm”, jxox
yicpurrene wancaicunje o6wrno oTnapajy npo
6neMe, imp. icajia ,,pomnTeji,” y jenHoj co6H
IJ~)KH npHJiHIcy ,,JZeTeT3” 0 hp)TOj OCOGH.
flopojrwrna Teparnija T~M~JEH Ce na npeT
nocTanua maje nopommia CHCT~M )nrrepaicuHja
KOJH mecjniirnmy cnii ThCRH ‘1fl~IIOBH, H ma yneic
rca.aa je jemfoM ~jia~y nopomage norpe6Ha no
Moh, norpeGna je noMoh nopoflmIH y geJifinu.
Y jiopom~na ce Mory ~~3EHTH MCKpHBJbeHH
o6p~cna nonauiama, imp. HCKO je ,,mewcypmi
KpHBaI” ia cne, HeKo je yneic ,,y npany” Gea oG
3Hpa naTO mi-a ‘IHHHO H cm. 11opoma~na i-cpa
naja ~acroja ma nojaNa KoMyHaIcauHjy it
cUnOaTailajy H cyicoGe y nopomana. I1pBH IW
paic je ma ynepi-i ‘ulanone nopomHge ma cy
omronopfa 3a crai~e y nOpOmunH. Aico dim RH
cy cnpernia ma y’Iecrnyjy, TepanHja He MO)l~~
6HTH ycneuma
TcpaIrnjcKa 3aje.zwuhca je o6nnic
paga KOjH 3’ JI~BH nsraH HcTwle CO~H
jalIHe H3BO~~ 1IcHXWIKHX TeuiKoha H
couHjaiu-ni icapaic~ep ThHXOBHX nociie
~Hga. H)~eja je ga 1~~JIOK~fl~H )KHBOT y
6OJIHHUH MO)K~ HM~TH Tepannjcxy
BPC~1HOCt floTpe6Ho ra je opraHH3o-
BaTH T~KO ~a nogHrHe ~opaii mygH,
fl~OU1HPH MoryhHocT 3a couHjaJIHy
HHTePaKUHjY H noja’Ia ocehaite o~ro
BOpHO0TH. Y TOM UHJLY ce Jb~~HM~
OMoryhyje ga goHoce H~KC o~iiy~e 0
cBOjHM cBaKo)~HenHHM aKTHBHOcTH
Ma BpaTa ce He 3aKJby~anajy, nocTojH
JjocTa Be.nmca cjio6oj~a JcpeTaiba.
JIH’u-ia xnrnjeHa, xllrHjeHa ogehe ii
en. nocTajy O~FOBO~HOCT cnaicor no
jeJ~HHt1a. PaJ~Ha Tepanuja npoulHpyje
RHjana3oH KOHCT~~KTHBHHX aicnin
11ocT11. HaUHjeHTHMa je oMoryheHo
j~a, ~KO TO ~*cene, i-ioce OBojy yO6HMaJe-
H)’ o,gehy, ~a HMajy cBoj J1H~HH K3FTaK
3a ‘iyBame cmapn. OpraHHsyjy ce H
T~KB~ gpyulTBeHe aKTHBHOCTH icao
IUTO je H3gaBame HoBHHa, o.gpacaBa
me H3JIO)K6H. -
Mnore yc~auone cy paa~une Tern-
me oj~~oce ca )~~3’uiTB~HOM OKOJIH
HOM. ThHXOBH OTIJyIUTeHH nauHjeHTH
HMajy Mau,e Ternicoha 3’ HOHOBHOM yK
my~n~amy 3’ cBaKoJjHeBflH )KHBOT
epe~HHe, jep Oj~ HOpMaJIHOI’ my~cicor
Ha’rnHa )lcHBJbeH,a HHC3’ HH 6HRH OR~
najaHH RaG y ciiy~ajy xiiac~q~e XO
cnHTanHaaL~Hje. ThygHMa Koju ce
iie’ie 3’ T~KBHM 3’CJIOBHMa cc H HenpH
nflcyj e ~THK~T~ ,,JlygaKa” 11MM CJIH’1-
HO. Ta couHjaJn-ia opujeirrauHja je
OTHIuna KO~~K game OCHHBaH,eM Ma-
H,HX rpyna HuH 3ajegHH~a nauHieHa
Ta KOjH )KHBC 3’ KyhaMa HuH cTaHorn-1-
Ma H3B~H 6OuIHHI~e, H ‘iec-ro Gea
eTanHor upncycma TepaneyTa. 0MG-
ryheHo MM je ga npHBpe~yjy, ga ca
pflyjy y pernanamy ~~3HHX nwrama
Icoja ce cBaKOJjHeBHO OTBapajy npeg
lEMMa.
KOMyHaJIHa iTCHXOJiOrHja j e Tep
MHH KOjHM ce oa~aqana jegaH og ca
B~~M~HHX np~c~yna perna~amy npo
6sleMa ca lcojHM ce JE~~H cyoManajy y
OBOM cna~ognen~o~ )KHBOT)’ H pagy.
Ocuonua Hgeja Tor fl~HCT3’fl~ je ga
ncHxorrornja Tpe6a ga Hsa1~je In Tepa
neyrcicor Ka6HHeTa y peaurny gpyrn
TB~H)’ cpegHHy. HcHxouoai-iMa je
TIO3H~TO ga HCHXOJIOIIJKH nopeMehajH
‘recTo HacTajy y c1-1Tyai~HjaMa y KOJHM
cc Th3’JIH cyo’ranajy ca elcoHoMcicHM H
col~HjaJrnHM npo6ueMHMa, a ~e caMo
ca yHyTpanH~HMM, HHgHBHgyauHHM
TeuncohaMa.
FJIaBHH HPUHIWaM JCOMYH8JIHC
i7cI-IxoJIofllje IlpeMa HCICHM aJ’TOpI4Ma
cy~
~.9JIHTH 5’ .IIOxaJIHOj 3ajeawkIL{PI, a
—
Hey uHcrJlTyIxnjaMa,
— 6aBuTll cc BI4ZIIC 1COHIC~CTHHM
)IU-IBOTHI4M rIpo6JreMnMa Hero Ye)’
T~~JJJFbHM JZCHXH’IKMM JrpoGneMslMa
ocJramaTz cc Ha noMok i~yirn 113
—
cpeguHe, Ha CyrpaJ~aHc zajiron je TO
Moryhe;
IIOJIITOBaTAI Bpe4HOCTII JIOK3JIHC
—
3aje,zwPIIce, meHo cxsaraae npoône
Ma
KOMyHaJIHH HCHXOJIO3H page T~MO
rge ib3’~H 2lCHB~, He qexcajy ga Jby.gH
gol)y xc ThilMa. THMe IMTO cy opHjeHTH
cam-i Ha yicnamame yapo~a npOGneMa,
ThHXOB pag je I1~B~HCTB~HO npeneH
THBaH. JEy.I~HMa je oMoryheHo ga JIM
ce o6pahajy Kagrog je noTpe6no
(Hnp. OTBypeHa TeJ1ec~oHclca JII4HI~;a
icoja pag~iy cnaico,go6a gaHa H HohH).
147
 TI4MCKI4 PAJI~ Y 3JJ,PABCTBY
Y caBpeMeHOj 3mpaBCTBeHOj cnyz6ii
A0MIIHaHTaH o6rnw pairn Jo TUMOKI!
paxi. )lBa C)’ acnewra Tor palm:
cTpyqHn H LlHTepUepcoJ-1aJIHH. CTpy
‘THU aCfleKT ce ornejia 3’ CT~~KT~PH
nojloEaja H yjiora Koje qnai-iosu THM~
3ay3llMajy. MHTepuepcollanHu cc
orsiema y icapaicTepy MebyJHl’iHnx oy~
noca Meby 0006aMa icoje cy ‘IJWHOBII
jeliHOr icoHicpeTHor mMa. Mo npeT
nOcTaBltMo ma je c~py~~a CT~3’KTYP~
TIIM~ cTaHmapmllaoaaHa. ~ ma cy HO
citoun ompeltjeHnx y~ora CT~Y4HO
ocnoco6jbei-iit, oaaa cc y~ex M3HOB~
ilocTaBJba nhlTalbe icaico 011 pacno
JiO)KIIBHX capamHhlhca, C O63ifl3OM Ha
ibtixoBe JIIIMHC oCoGhlHe H MCFJyJIII’ilie
011110Cc, icoMnoiloBaTit TIIM Kojit he
nocThthhl MaiccitMaJIlfy e4)HICaCH0CT.
OPFAFII43AHJIJA
Opiaiiiiiaiuija Jo cjioaceiia ;tpyilmlciIa rpylia.
Oiia cc caCTOJH 113 0111110 MalhHX rpyiia noncia
LII X y jCJtiti ICTOC II CIICTO NI paji~ o6a 1111111 ha
o;ipcbc mix aKELI Hi 1OCT11 Ii I I0crhi3alha 3aJCit—
liii ‘IKI! X IIHJI,C ira. lCao InTO cy liOJeJIHI 11W ,,eJic—
MCIII11” 113 KOjIIX CC cacTOjhl ~aJia rpyiia, T~KO
cy Ma:ic rpyllc ,,CICMCIITH” 113 KOJIIX CC cacio
Jit opnhi I huLl L1ija 1010 CIICTC NI Ill ITorplica lilt X
rpyila. l’pyne 113 KOJHX cc cacToJH opralinJaiLhi
ja ilMajy CIIOJC ciicittu~H’iiic yjioro y cicJioiiy
yxyiiiic )1CJIaTIIO0TH opralIlluaLInje. Ha ilpit
Mop, MenHLtliIicIca ycrailona o6n~uo HM~ lipH
JOMIIO OJICJhCJhC, OJiciboiha 3a nc’Ieu,c
1IOjcJIH1IHX npc~a o6on,ciba, JlaGopaTopnJy, ua
jCJhlill9KC ciiyw6c, ymipany ~t cii. flojeitnilli ito-
3101111 opraIIllualuhje It C~MH ~dory 6irrn
c;io,tceiiit, re cc na:i,c flonc Ira 0111110 Maii,ilx
cIiciuhjanliuonallHx paiiiinx JeJUITIHIta. Ha iipit
MOp, na6oparopnja cc MOWO cacTOjaTH on
11111110 Jia6opaTopnJckhtx OJteJbciha, uannclio On
npcra .JIaGOpaTOpHjcKItx lIclinTIlnaiha KOJII CC y
ihOJ o6anmajy.
14$
.flO,REJIA PAJIA, YJIOFE
YflPABJEAFbE OPFAHH3ALU4JOM I illiAl hA H 3AJIAUH
Cnox<cHOcT opraitH3aunjc cc orncna a y none- I. Hariendno je hIKWc KpHTcpHjyMa ia paaJIHKonaII,e
Yupanibaihc H pyxosohcibe opraIiH3anHJoM Ca
nit pan Ha iipHMCp, ~HTIaJ1IIH hipOH3flOJIH 4’~- npcTa rpyna Ilpno, yrapnHTc 0 ICOJHM KpHTCpHjyMH
OT0JH cc on ncn~xor 6poJa paJJIH’IHTHX alorHu Ma JO p09, a 3aTHM nancnHTc paalnticonahle DPCTC rpy
ôpllKe ayroMo6Hna cy pa3lIH THIIORM ii
MoneiiTl ayToMo6Hna. CaaicH MoRon C~CTOJH cc
nocTa AllaJlH3a THX aXTHBIIOcTH nOKa3yJc Ha Lii.
cc MOl 3’ rpynHCaTH 3’ HOKORHKO rijann~x Ka 2. IcoJe apcTe ‘ilhimnana yrn’iy Ha npoi~cc 4rnpMHpalI,a
on ncnn~or 6poja ;ienona. IlpoHunojuiH cHcTcM rpyne?
y Tagnoj 4~a6pHitIt uMa acoMa pauybcuy it rcz opnja, xao InTO C)’ zuIalrnpam4 pacnoiic~za 3. hianenhtTe H CIIWCTO o6jacIiHTc tiiTa onnHKyJc jenify
cno>icciiy nonciiy pain floszejia pana y jejflioJ
ya.aaInn, xooplwnnwcja paixa, ~oinpoiza pana, paanHjeiIy o$opMmcily rpyny?
J3pcJwonamc aonpsuIocn, r;pccyi$cname y Cyxo 4. Kojc C)’ OJIJIHKC )‘CHCWIIC i’pyiie?
tPaGpiiiui orilcita cc y Opojy pa3JIHMHTHX pan
5HFIg iIpcflcrdBJbaIbC oprann3aiwjc u np Cac S. hira Jo couHJarnia 4auHnwranHJa, a mm couwJasiiia
iiitx Niecra (nonoicaJa). 3a cnaico paniio MOCTO
HIIXH6HLIHja?
aKTIIHHOCTH yllpanibaiba MOl 3’ Cc CUCCTH ita
iie3yje cc cxnpcbeiin Gpoj paniinx aastamlca
6. ifiTa oaua’Iana TCpMHH ,,xoaKuHJa”?
(ynora). jjne hlIHpoKc KaTelopHJc: ita axTHnucoCTn Icoje
cy ycMcpcllc ira OcTBapl4flaIbC IjHJEOII~ H 3aJIa- 7. 3’ ‘ieMy Je manna paa~inica Hnteby capaiii~e H Talc
Taica Opt ~lIH3~11HJC H a]TIIBIIOCTH Kojc cy MH9CiL~ tcao o6JlitKa rpynh{caKTHnnocnI?
yoMcpcile na ôpary 0 JbynHMa H Me~yJbyn 8. O6JaCTIHTC 3Itaqcibc CileStchHX TcpMlnia: cycpeTne
KOOPJLIIHAUHJA AKThBI-{OCTH cKHM osuIOCHMa. rpync, TPCFIiWIIC rpync H rlcHxoTcpanlljcxe rpync.
9. RITa Jo TO icoMyllailila flcHxOJIOrHja H icoja cy neila
Y cnaKoj opranHaaitHjH nocTojit nowc6a aa OchIonna na9cna?
lccopiuhIIaIlHjOMpEiJZa. y upoliccy nnailnpana, 10. OnHUIHTC OCTIODIIO 3Iia’~. be TC~MH1I~ ,,Opraillna
TIpIITIpCMC H pcanHuaIhHJe axTHnhIocTH y 11050- wiJa”.
II. IIaseJwTe nexc on ~1~THtlIiOCTH KOJC cy o6yxnaliene
JtlI I liNt JhCJionl4Ma opralinuanhIje H opranwia IlOjMOM ,,pyKOBOI~CILC oprmmlawljoM. Koje on THX
IthlJC y 1ICJII1IIH iieonxojuia Jo KOOpnHIlaltHja rpytia iKTHTIHOCTH cMaTparc IlaJaaxcllHjHM. OöJacIlK
11:111 ycKJiahHilaThC MlIOrOGpOJIIllX IIOCJ1OmL re cnojy npOtleily.
lcoopJLIihIaltHJa CC TCMCJbI4 na YiiaTIpCJi flpOilH
B c * 6 a: OnHmwrc Opt-aIIH3aUHOHO ycTpojcTao
CaIIHM o6anc~a~.ia H Ei~~BHM~ cnaKJr yMcCliHKa
y pcaJmnuaillijH GpoJIiHx aKTHBIIOcrH opraitH
name WICOnC. fla nit Mcby rpy~ia~a (icao WT0 cy HOP.
uacTaaiiit9lco ache, pa~pcait, OJ1CJLCIb~ ii cm) nocroje
uaitnJc n na pajly nocc6iior noncncrcMa ‘IHJH cTaJlliK O6JIHLIH xoMyLiHIcawlje?
Jo uaJuITax na iipa~n ~C8JlH3~ItHJY 08HZ THX ax
~rnnhiOcTH. lcoopnnnaiinja Jo xpHmMiIa axmn
TIOCT cnaxe opraiIH3anHJe. IhITO je opraiiitua
nitja cJlOKciiHja, TO Jo ncha ynora xoopaitiia
I LHJC.
POPMAJIH3AI4I4JA AKTI4BHOCTI4
H O,flHOCA
flejionil opralatuanHic, OHIIOCH MChY I5HMa,
nonena H xoopnHnauHja pana cy yTnpl)CIIH
yhlanpen it (PHicoapanit OJIpfleHHM EipOflHcH
Ma- THM hiponHcHMa cc npoun3Hpajy 111111,0811
H uanaiin OpraliH3aflHJO, npniiititnn ibellor
4yIlidnHoiIHcalha, cTpyxTypa nosio>fcaja H yno
ra Cnaica ysiora nponncyje nonaniai~e xojc cc
3axTdna H iiOiialJlalbC icoje cc aa6paibyJe.
149
 S

Si
Is
I
t 15 ~
I iiih ~I II It d ~ ti~1 I