J ] There is/are There is/are/was/were ... | + Use 1, We use ‘there’ to begin a sentence when the subject represents an indefinite person or thing. While it is possible to say ‘A box is on the table’, it is more usual to say ‘There is a box on the table.’ Note that ‘there is’ is followed by a singular noun whereas ‘there are’ is, followed by a plural noun. + Simple Present Tense: There is a lovely church over there. There is a stranger at the door. There are some children playing games downstairs. There are many pickpockets in this area, + Simple Past Tense: There was a serious accident last night. There were many phone calls yesterday. | ‘There is lovely church over th 2. The structure ‘there + be’ can be used in different tenses. Besides being used in the Simple Present Tense and the Simple Past Tense, as shown in the examples above, it can be used in other tenses as well + Simple Future Tense: There will be a ferry at 6.30 a.m. tomorrow. There will be two performances next week + Present Perfect Tense: There has been much discussion recently about this matter So far this year, there have been three fatal accidents at this road junction. aExercise 22 Fill in each blank with there is, there are, there is not, there are not, is there, or are there. 2 e] a good film in the cinema. Let's go and watch it! Look! black clouds in the sky. It's going to rain soon. any seats left. We can’t see this performance today. home. 's dine out tonight! any rice for cooking any children upstairs? Please play quietly there! If you want to see a doctor a clinic round the corner. much work today. | may leave early in the afternoon a good programme on TV today? | want to stay at home. Look! The bus is packed with passengers. any seats lett. four families living in this house, so it is quite crowded The flat much space to keep a dog at home. anyone in the house? Can you open the door please? The postman is at the door. a few letters for you People are complaining because no hospitals in this area a new shopping mall near the school. Let’s shop there! any meetings this afternoon? Can | leave early today? anyone taking part in the race, it will be cancelled som ‘olicemen running over there, What is happening? cash in my pocket lend you any money. any more questions? If not, let's end the lesson now. THExercise 23 Study the following information and answer the questions about the Niagara Falls in COMPLETE SENTEN Use there is or there are in each case. Use ‘not’ where necessary. Facts about the Niagara Falls: + Two major falls: American Falls and Horseshoe Falls + Number of tourists: Five million per year + Facilities: observation towers, restaurants, parks and parking places + Number of observation towers: four + Tourist guides: available throughout the year, other languages are provided besides English + Boat cruise: C$20 per person (a must to see the lls closely) (not available in winter) eee! * What to see in summer: rainbows and mist from i the bottom + What to see in winter: lights on the ice 1 How many falls are there actually? 2 How many tourists are there each year? 3 What facilities are there near the falls? 4 How many observation towers are there? 5 Is there a boat cruise in winter months? 6 Is there mist from the bottom of the falls in the summer? 7 Are there tourist guides for foreign visitors?Exercise 24 Fill in the blanks with there was, there were, there was not, or there were not Going Camping | went camping with some friends of mine last month. * four of us going together. We rented a nice holiday resort at the seaside. ? a beautiful garden in front of the house but ® any buses going there, so we had to walk a long distance before we got there. Since ¢ a kitchen in the house, we had to dine out every day in the restaurant We went swimming every day. The beach was quiet and peaceful because many swimmers. On the third day, we decided to climb up the nill. On the way to the peak, we found that it started to rain heavily. Soon afterwards, even a thunderstorm. All our clothes got wet as a result. As thunder and lightning all around us, it was very dangerous but it was an unforgettable experience. Fortunately, clothes in our backpacks. When the rain stopped, we changed our clothes immediately. From the top of the hill, we could see that a valley below us. ° a few villages and far beyond,” a large plain. The view was really beautiful. * even a small temple at the top of the hill, so we went in and took a few photographs. The monks in the temple told us that few visitors during the week. only some t the weekends. As any facilities in the temple, the life there was quite difficult indeed. ent back to our holiday resort after that. Since © a project ded to complete before the weekend, we went back to town the next day, It was of those happiest memories TV+ Use 1, The pronoun ‘it’ can be used to refer to an animal or thing mentioned earlier. I have just bought a dog. It is only a few months old. Did you see my dictionary? | am looking for it. There was an accident this morning. Many people were involved in it. There are many people at the railway station. It is very crowded here. 2, We can use ‘it’ to talk about the following things or people. + weather What is the weather like today? It is cool and comfortable. It was sunny yesterday. Now it is raining heavily. + day/date: What day was it when we last met? Was it last Monday? It is the 7th of July today. + time: What time is it now? Itis six thirty. Now it is lunch time. It is time for lunch. + distance It is quite a long way from here to the cinema. Itis only a few miles from our house to the airport, + a baby (whose sex is unknown): The baby is crying. It must be hungry now. Kitty is having a baby. She hopes it will be a girl + a person (used to identify a person): | saw somebody last night. Was it the night watchman? Who came just now? ~ Well, it was the postman. now? ~ Well, it was the postman © Junius Py3, We can also use ‘it’ in the following structures: + Itis + adjective + to do It was kind of you to help me last night, Itis difficult to solve this p zie, Can you help me? + Itis + adjective + that ... It was strange that Henry would attend parties of this type. It is unlikely that the scheme will be a success. + It is + past participle + that ... It is said that the Principal will retire next year It is hoped that the party will be fun. + It takes + (somebody) + a period of time + to do It takes (u Itt a long time to learn a foreign language the firemen three hours to put out the fire, + Itis + time + todo The correct time has come. ) jor you) to go to sleep, Itis time (for us) to go back home. +Itis + time + we/you did It is time we left for the airport It is time you went to bed. nctive Past Ten: 4, Don't confuse it’s with its! sit's = itis or ithas I's easy to do this exercise. (= It’s...) baby is smiling. Its sm It’s been raining for days on end. (= It has... ) its ve or pronoun (belong s try and catch that butterfly! Its colours are so beautiful bought a tie yesterday. Its pattern is quite attractive, he baby is smiling. Its smile is so sweet! TTi Exercise 25 1) Fill in each blank with it is, is it, it was, or was it. Note that some are questions! cannot see anything here too dark in the room possible for me to talk to your manager? There is something urgent. t the railway station. ed with people. There were many people windy at the peak? You looked trembling in this photograph. Take an umbrella with you raining quite heavily outside 6 You were late again congested along the main streets? 7 true ou are getting married next month? How surprising! 8 We could not go anywhere. too late and we were very hungry 9 a pity you cannot come to my party tomorrow. 10 | could not find my note book yesterday. you who took it away? 1 hard to solve the problem, but they succeeded in doing so eventually. 12 cold in Tokyo in winter months? Can | see the snow there? it, it’s or its. te the following story with a pet dog recently. 8 a cute little dog r Rachel has bought Rachel plays with every day after school name is Blackie, probably : fur is black in colour. Since still a little dog, looks lovely and playful. Rachel takes for a walk in the park every evening. There runs around like a little rabbit. barks whenever a stranger approaches. When ® sees master, tail wags from side to side. eyes open wide when food. Listen! king again. a |Exercise 26 Fill in the blanks with there or it, followed by the correct form of ‘be' (is / are / was / were / will be ). 1 a lady over th She seems to be waiting for someone. 2 very rainy yesterday. ot go anywh cool but sunny tomorrow. Shall we go hiking together? 4 We'll have to get there early. a lot of work to do this evening 5 along ti e since we last met. How are you getting on? 6 We could not get there in time. too many cars on the roads. Before the police came, nothing we could do 8 The show will be held tomorrow. Let's hope a great suc 9 not easy to persuade my father, but I'll try my best. 10 some shops over there. Let's go there and buy some snacks! 1 funny that | can see better with my left eye. 12 only old buildings in this area. Now all the buildings are new. 13 Some people reported that a UFO in Hong Kong last night 14 kind of you to help me last week. Thank you very much! a lot of games at the party, so it is going to be fun, 6 The air here is stuffy because too many people. 1 cold at Christmas time, so you'll have to take a warm jacke 18 in London that | bought this handbag, not in Paris still enough time for us to play a game of chess before the lesson. iS You must make an effort to learn a foreign language. not difficult you take an interest in it meh)