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The rapidly-changing phase of technology has motivated Students o become progressive learners inthis field, Hence, itis important to familiarise our students wit the use of computers froman early age KIPS, with its vast experience in School Computer Education has di learning. This series is based on Windows TuxPaint, Scratch, Paint 30, Animate C igned CYBER TOOLS It's a series thats free from rote rs 10 and Office 2016 and incorporates tool-based learning and many software, such as C, Photoshop CC, HTML, Python, Glimpses of Office 365, et, Cyber Tools is the most comprehensive school computer series for classes I-VIll. The books follow the latest NEP for imparting computer knowledge. Cyber Tools features the latest teaching techniques to inculcate immense interest among the students. The books follow a gt@dual approach towards the subject regarding the level oflanguage, technicalterms, exercises, and project work Core Features of Computer Series (Classes II-VI) Brain Developer: The assessment system in this series incorporates brain teaser exercise section called Brain Developer. Online links: They are incorporated to access more information onthe given topics. Project Work : They are given atthe end of the book for practice to help the students to apply the concepts that they have Jeartin the chapters, National Cyber Olympiad questionnaire along withthe guidelines is given atthe end. Group Discussion: This section helps the students to understand the topics in an interactivemanner. Latest Interactive teaching techniques are incorporated through interesting snippet like * Let's Discuss: This feature stimulates a brief discussion on the topic being taught. Itimproves communication and logical skills, ‘Quick Quiz: This feature promotes a better sense of alertness in the class Fact File: This feature provides the historical development of computers with the flavour of pictorial data regarding inventors and discoverers, Let Us Recall: This feature provides a recap ofthe facts, which he students have already leamt. Let's Know More and Know the Fact: These features pravide extra information abouit the concerned topics. + Quick View: This feature provides keyboard shortcuts, + Consolidate Your Learning (CYL): tis a self-practising software that enables the students to revise the concepts in an interesting manner. CYLalso helps schools to conduct online tests. Interactive Classroom Learning (ICL): Its new interactive animated software that has been designed to enable the teachers to practically demonstrate the lessons effectively and create an interactive environment in the class. It makes the concepts easy tounderstand, + Augmented Reality App (AR): This book is available with Augmented Reality App for Digital interaction on Android and. 10S. Ithelpsin increasing the understanding level of the students, We express our gratitude to al the teachers and principals fr their valuable feedback. Further suggestions for any improvement tothe content are welcome so that these may be incorporated in our subsequent editions, Kips Content Development Team — 'T PERSOMALITIES Bill Gates: He is the co-founder of Microsoft, and one Jan Koum and Brian Acton: They are the founders of ofthe richest persons in the world WhatsApp Ine.-the ost popular messaging app. ‘Satya Narayana Nadella: He is an Indo-American Mark Zuckerberg; He is the co-founder of Facebook~ business executive and the current Chief Executive the most popular social networking site. He is the OfficerofMicrosoft world's second youngest eli made billonaire Larry Page and Sergey Brin: They founded Google ‘Tim Berners-Lee: Heis an Engish Computer Scientist: themostfamous Search Engine on heintemet. wollknown asthe inventor of World Wide Web. ‘Sundar Pichai: He is the CEO of Google Inc. His Michael S. Dell: He is the founder and CEO of Dell Bis bre ‘successful innovative efforts include Google Chrome, 4 Inca world leader inthe sales of personal computers, Google rive, Gmail, Google Maps etc. (PCs). gaat ei©e Work Details eee wees $= My Performance Date Treat exam —* ~ |. Highest ractica’) Toray 7] Marks/Grade | Total inthe Class Remarks |B KEY FEATURES = 9 — Ny Incorporates chapters on trending technologies Additional Annexures &. ay eau Leet am SHI) Brain Developer & Worksheets Incorporates NEP 2019 Guidelines in Activities and Projects Life Skills and Values Si Art Integration InterdisciplinaryCONTENTS eco NUMBER SYSTEM '® Decimal Number System” © Binary Number System © Octal Number System © Hexadecimal Number System © Computer Arithmetic USING EXCEL AS A DATABASE Using a Form to Enter Data Acing, Searching and Deleting @ Record in a Form Sorting and Fiterng Data Using Advanced Fier and Data Validation Ang Subtotal n Database ‘Analyzing Data wih PvotTable IB) Abvanceo Fearures oF EXCEL F Compeneis ofa Cha Comment usd Chart Types Greaing a chan Chat eens Formatng «Cha Conte Chats and Sparines Ung Goal Seek ‘Grouping Worksheets Constoaig Das LOG ON TO ANIMATE CC © Whatis Animate? 2 © ToOpen Animate © The Workspace Setting Document Properties © Drawing an Object and Grouping Outline with Fill © Applying Gradient Fil © Creating a New Gradient © Modifying a Linear Gradient Mosiyng a Radial Gradient Ezdting Objects b Importing Graphics : . © Animation in Arinate © Tht Tweering Creating a Spl Text Shape 7 S eientintie | © Animating Filtered text ] Bi workine with Layers ie odicaiactiels Layer ie} © Renaming a Layer 4 P © Adding New Layers ee ‘Changing the Order of Layers / © Hide and Show a Layer Fe © Locka Layer 1 © Creating an Animation with Multiple Masking in Animate Le ‘© Rotation wth Masking Elect "© Onion SkinningMORE ON PYTHON Types of Operators in Python Operator Precedence Algorithm Flowchart Types of Control Structures. Conditional Statements INTRODUCTION TO HTML 5 © What is HTML and its Brief History Tools to be Used Creating an HTML Document ‘Tags, Elements, and Attributes Rules for Writing HTML Code HTML Document Structure Heading, Paragraph, Line Break Element Horizontal Rule, Comment, Bold & Italics, SS and Methods of Applying CSS Background Properties MORE ON CSS3 © In-Line Style © Text Properties © Font Properties, © Margin Properties © Border Properties: CYBER TOOLS © Cloud Computing © Google Drive © OneDrive © Google Maps CYBER THREATS & SECURITY © Cybercrime © Cybercrimes Against an Individual Person © Cybercrimes Against Property © Cybercrimes Against Organisation/Socioty © Cyber Security (erence! PROJECT WORK ROBOTICS GOOGLE SHEETS QUICK GLIMPSE OF OFFICE 2016 NATIONAL CYBER OLYMPIAD 78 0 122 130 142 147NUMBER SYSTEM LEARNING IN THIS CHAPTER ® Decimal Number System ® Binary Number System ‘® Octal Number System = Hexadecimal Number System = Computer Arithmetic inearly days when there were no means of counting, people used to count with the help of fingers, stones, pebbles, sticks, etc. These methods were not adequate and had many limitations. To overcome these limitations, many numbersystems were introduced with the passage of time, like: > Decimal number system > Binarynumber system > Octalnumbersystem > Hexadecimal numbersystem Anumbersystemisaset of values used torepresent different quantities. ® DECIMAL NUMBER SYSTEM Theneed for counting paved the way to introduce Decimal number system in which digits 0,1,2,3...9 are used to form anynumber. Most of ourarithmetic operations re performed with decimal numbers. Decimal number system consists of ten digits Le., 0 to 9 with the base 10, Each number can be used individually or they can be grouped to form a numeric value. E.g., 82, -256, 52.87, etc. The value of each digit in anumber depends uponthefollowing: ___» Thefacevalue ofthe digit > Thebaseofthenumbersystem > Theposition of the digit inthe number Each position represents a specific power of base (10). The right most digit of a number is called Least Significant Digit whereas the left most digit is called Most Significant Digit. For example, the number 547 can berepresented in the following way: 908 se unts = 7 4" 10" tens = 40 Example 5*10° hundreds = 500 547 OBSERVATION The positional value of each digit increases ten folds as we move from right to left. In the above mentioned exampl 5, 4, and 7 are the face values and their place values are hundreds, tens, and units respectively. The place dependson the position of the digitin the number. Nowlet us discuss about the various types of number systems that are usedina computer.® BINARY NUMBER SYSTEM The Binary number system consists of only two digits, Fact File ie., zero andone (0 and 1). Since this system uses two digits, it has the base 2. All digital computers use this number system and convert the input data from the decimal format intots binary equivalent. WHY BINARY? A computer cannot understand human language, rather it understands only the binary | _Arvabhat was india's code, Therefore, the data that is entered into a computer is converted into its binary | estes mathematician ane astronomer. He equivalent. It further converts the binary results into their decimal equivalents for | introduced the concept of output. 0 (zero) without which modern computer CONVERSION OF DECIMAL INTO BINARY NUMBER SYSTEM technology would have been non-existent The equivalence between binary and decimal numbers canbe understood with the given examples. To converta decimal number into binary number, follow the given rules: Step 1: Divide the given decimal number with thebase 2. Step2: Writedowntheremainder, divide the quotientagain by 2. Let's Know: More: Step3: Repeat step 2till the quotientis zero. Base or Radix of a Number System Let us understand the conversion of Decimal number into Binary number with the given | The base ofthe number examples: system the number of digits used int. Eg, Since ‘the decimal number Seema ls Example 2: system uses 10 digits, ts baseis 10 2 [2s 2 |321 2 [12 | trteas sanicanevigt | 2 [160] 1 Least sigiicant dig 24s fo zpate a SSE Balt 2 [20 [0 - 2]10]0 Example 0. | 1*Most Significant Di Paci 24) Pua Thus ( 25 ),,= (11001 ), oa t i 0 | 1 Most Significant Digit ceeded talbniss ‘a German mathematician Iscredited with the Invention of the modern Binary number system, The base of number is given as subscript. smainders, which are obtainedin each step are written in reverse order, i.e. placing the st Significant Digt at the top and Mos Significant Digit at thebottom,toform the aaa inary equivalent of the decimal number. Which number system do INARY TO DECIMAL NUMBER we use? ‘convert binary numberinto decimal number, follow the steps given on the next pags rapa wm Kis <2>oa > Multiply each binary number with its positional value, which is in terms: of powers of 2, starting from the, ‘extreme right digit. > Increase the power one by one, keeping the base fixed as 2. > Sumupall products to get the decimal number. Example 1: Example 2: (1001) (1010), eee eee 0x2 - Units 0) ae, son" 1x2) - Tens =2 Re 0x2’ - Hundreds = 0 re > 1x2? - Thousands = 8 1x Thus (1010), =(10),.. Thus (1001), = (9:0 Pre Example3: : SRA (110001001), = 128412740240 x 2°40 24 1x 24 0 x2"+ 0x24 12" 256+128+0+0+0+8+0+0+1 = 393 Thus (110001001), = (393), @® OCTAL NUMBER SYSTEM The Octal number system (Oct) consists of 8 digits: 0to 7 with the base 8. The concept of Octal number system came from the Native Americans as they used to count numbers by using the space between their fingers rather than using their fingers. The procedure of ‘octal to decimal’ conversion is similar to 'binary to decimal’ conversion, the only difference is the change of base. So, if we want to convert any octal number to decimal number, we have to start multiplying the digits of the number from right hand side with the increasing power of 8 starting from 0. And finally summing up all the products. | Example 1: Example 2: a G45), G17), Bx8')+ (4x8) +(5 x8) 3x8) +(1x8)+(7x8) Example 192 +3245 192+8+7 Thus (317), = (207). ® HEXADECIMAL NUMBER SYSTEM This number system consists of 16 digits: 0-9 and the letters A-F, where A-F represents digits 10 to 15 with base 16. This number system is also known as Hex, where Hex=6 and Decimal=10, so itis called Hexadecimal. Procedure of converting hexadecimal to decimal is similar to the methods shown above, the only difference change of base. To convert hexadecimal number to decimal, multiply the number with base 16.Hex to Decimal Conversion Why do we use Binary Number system in computers? Example 1: Example 2: y (38). (4D2),, Most computer operations (3x 16')+(11x 16) (4x 16) + (Dx 16!) + (2x 16°) use the ayte, or a multiple ES ofthe byte (16 bts, 24,32, example 48411 1024 + 208+2 eee aioe Thus (3B),, = (59)5 Thus (4D2),.= (1234)6 cates tees these large binary numbers. ® COMPUTER ARITHMETIC Asacomputer understands only the binary code, the data input by the users converted into binary code for processing. This processing may involve various kinds of arithmetic operations, such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, etc., on binary numbers. BINARY ADDITION The technique used to add binary numbers is very easy and simple. This is performed in the same way as you perform addition with decimal numbers. The following table illustrates the addition of two binary digits: Binary Addition How willyou find whether ‘a number is represented in Decimal (Binary / Octal or Hexadecimal system? While adding 1 + 1, the output will be 10, where Os written under the same column and carry over 1is shifted to thenext place asit happens in: ‘decimal number addition.Example 1: Example 2: Compute (1000), + (111), Compute (11111), + (1011), sy 1000 1111 Carryover +0111 aaa ae I #01011 101010 Binary Subtraction BINARY SUBTRACTION The rules given in the table must be followed to perform binary subtraction: FE esunver borrowedwhen lissubtractedfrom0(10-1=1). Example 1: Example 2: Compute (1111), -(1010), | Compute (1100), - (11), a paeieay <5! Porowed seam 4 1010 tance tace Number inow met 0.1 1 1 0 0 + 0 o 1 1 it 0 0 1 Binary Multiplication BINARY MULTIPLICATION The rules for performing multiplication using binary numbers is same as that of the decimal numbers. The given table illustrates the multiplication of twobinary digits: Example 1: Example 2: ‘Compute (101), x (11), | Compute (1111), x (101), 101 | 1111 pos At x101 104 111 Example +101« oo00x cesta 3 14 +111 1xx “1001011 BINARY DIVISION The method to perform division of two binary numbers is same as that of decimal numbers. See the &! givenbelow: Computes wi HIPS eeExample 1: Compute (110), + (10), Example 2: Compute (10000111), + (1001), 1 <—— Quotient 01111«———_ Quotient 10}110«—— Dividend 1001]10000111«—— Dividend cee 1001 y a oornit Ee 1001 example _00 +—— Remainder o1101 1001 01001 1001 0000¢——_— Remainder RPRECAP , > The commonly used number system is Decimal number system with the base 10. > The right most digit of a binary number is called Least Significant Digit whereas the left most digit is called Most Significant Digit. > The Binary number system consists of two digits ie,, 0and 1 and has the base 2. > The Octal number consists of 8 digits and has the base &. > The Hexadecimal number consists of 16 digits and has the base 16. SECTION -A A. Fillin the blanks. 1. The base of Binary number system iS snr 2 Thebaseof ae one Systernis 10. 3. Octal Number system consists of a vernon igitG. 4, InBinary addition, 1+1 equals tO.» ~ Po __...numbersystemisunderstood by the computer system. wn kips<3>(Igy of my * Decimal number # Hexadecimal = 9 20a g ______- uses 16 symbols to represent numbers, inBinary subtraction, 1-1 equals —————-— fete +10 State True or False. Youcannot perform arithmetical operations on binary numbers. i,e,,0t09. ‘The decimal number system consists of 10 di ‘The method to perform division of two binary numbersis not the sameas that of decimalnumbers, 1 multiplied by 0 equals to. Charles Babbage introduced the concept of O(Zero). ‘The numbers usedin Octal number system are 1 to 7. ODOOOOD SECTION -B ‘Multiple choice questions. introduced the conceptof o(Zero). 2.AdaLovelace b.Aryabhat <.Bill Gates A__________._. converts the decimal formatiintoits binary equivalent. 2.Digital Computer b.CellPhone Abacus ‘Acomputer understands only code. a.English b.French <.Binary InBinary multiplication, 1x1 equalsto =. eal 20 bat 2 Toconvert Decimal number into Binary number, divide the. number by........‘What are the rules to converta Decimal numberinto.a Binary number? petted———_—_——_—___ b, 100110 ¢. 10101 a. 10101 + 00111 b. 1001101 + 1000101101 1101 + 1007 between the following Binary numbers. a. 10011 - 01010 b. 11001001 - 01100110 111-001 a. 101x011 b. 1011 x 101 c. 101010 x 1011, iia f, Divide these Binary numbers. a1111+11 b. 111001 + 101 119191111 + 1011 rote teas fe] For Concept Clarity Divide the class into two groups and discuss the topic. Decimal Number System vs Binary Number System \ teh Lg Make a presentation on Number System. Set a beautiful background. Apply nice formattingand animation effects onit. eee Looking For More Tolearn more about Number System, visit the following websites. | > hitp:/www.tutorialspoint.com/computer_fundamentals/computer_number_system.htm > http://code.tutsplus.com/articles/number-system-an-introduction-to-binary hexadecimal-and-more~active-10848 Compan wn Kips <>