AIRLINE KPI

What it means

How is it measured
 1. REVENUE PASSENGER

MILES (RPM)

The number of revenue paying passengers

multiplied by the distance traveled in miles

RPM = Number of revenue-paying passengers x

Distance traveled in miles

2. AVAILABLE SEAT MILES

(ASM)

The number of seats available for sale multiplied

by the distance traveled in miles

ASM = Number of seats available for sale x

Distance traveled in miles

 3. LOAD FACTOR (LF)

The percentage of available seats that are actually

filled with passengers

LF = RPM / ASM x 100

 4. YIELD

The average revenue received per passenger per

mile flown

Yield = Passenger revenue / RPM

 5. REVENUE PER

AVAILABLE SEAT MILE

(RASM)
The total revenue generated per seat mile

available

RASM = Total operating revenue / ASM

6. COST PER AVAILABLE

SEAT MILE (CASM)

The total operating expenses per seat mile

available

CASM = Total operating expenses / ASM

 7. NET PROMOTER SCORE

(NPS)

The measure of customer satisfaction and loyalty

NPS = % of Promoters - % of Detractors

8. ON-TIME PERFORMANCE

(OTP)

The percentage of flights that arrive at their

destination within a certain timeframe

OTP = Number of on-time flights / Total

number of flights x 100

9. AVERAGE LOAD FACTOR

(ALF)

The average load factor for a specific time period

ALF = Total passenger miles / Total seat miles x

100
 10. OPERATING MARGIN

The percentage of revenue that remains after all

expenses are paid

Operating Margin = Operating income / Total

revenue x 100
 11. GROSS MARGIN

The percentage of revenue that remains after the

cost of goods sold is subtracted

Gross Margin = Gross profit / Total revenue x

100
 12. RETURN ON

INVESTMENT (ROI)

The percentage return on the investment made in

the airline

ROI = (Net profit / Total investment) x 100

13. COST PER AVAILABLE

SEAT MILE, EXCLUDING

FUEL (CASM EX-FUEL)

The total operating expenses per seat mile

available, excluding fuel costs

CASM ex-fuel = (Total operating expenses -

Fuel expenses) / ASM

 14. REVENUE PER

EMPLOYEE (RPE)

The total revenue generated per employee

RPE = Total revenue / Number of employees

 15. AVERAGE FARE

The average price paid by passengers for a ticket

Average Fare = Total passenger revenue /

Number of passengers
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