e-ISSN: 2582-5208

International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science

( Peer-Reviewed, Open Access, Fully Refereed International Journal )
Volume:04/Issue:07/July-2022 Impact Factor- 6.752 www.irjmets.com
POT-HOLE DETECTION AND CLEARANCE ROBOT
Ripal Patel*1, Devayya*2, H. Lallawmawma*3,
Harsha KG*4, Suraj P*5
*1Assistant Professor, Department Of Electronics And Communication Engineering
Dr. Ambedkar Institute Of Technology, Bengaluru-560056, India.
*2,3,4,5Department Of Electronics And Communication Engineering Dr. Ambedkar
Institute Of Technology, Bengaluru-560056, India.
ABSTRACT
The preservation of roads is one of the most important issues in emerging nations. The economy of the nation is
significantly boosted by well-maintained roadways. Finding pavement problems like potholes helps drivers
prevent collisions or vehicle damage and also aids in road maintenance. Numerous ongoing efforts in the field
of transportation networks aim to give drivers pertinent information about the roads and traffic patterns.
Indian secondary roads frequently have potholes, some of which may be wet or dry. Therefore, it is crucial to
spot potholes and gauge their depths in both situations to ensure safe driving. In this project, we create a sensor
model based on the Raspberry Pi, which allows for such detection and depth estimates utilizing.
I. INTRODUCTION
India, the second-most populated nation in the world with a rapidly expanding economy, is renowned for
having a vast network of highways. The primary mode of transportation in India today is the road. However,
most of the roads in India are congested, small, and have poor surface quality, and the needs for road
maintenance are not adequately satisfied. Driving is a potentially life-threatening, multi-mirror involved,
breath-holding activity no matter where you are in India.

Fig 1.1: Pothole

The number of vehicles has dramatically increased during the past 20 years. The quantity of roadways has
increased as a result. India has rapidly expanded, and as more and more students graduate and find jobs every
hour, we are all forced to commute and spend the majority of our time travelling. Various investigations and
polls have suggested that [1]. "In crashes caused by potholes, speed bumps, and roads undergoing construction
or repair last year, 10,727 persons lost their lives. While the number of deaths in these categories had
decreased slightly from 2014, 3,416 persons had been killed by potholes, up from 3,049 in the previous years.
Evidently, the main cause of traffic accidents
II. OBJECTIVE
In most developing nations, including India, poorly maintained roads are a common occurrence. We frequently
see potholes on Indian roads, which may be either dry or filled with water. Potholes must be found and filled as
quickly as possible in order to ensure safe driving. Any nation's progress and well-being depend on a well-
maintained road system. As a result, we are going to design a reliable system for monitoring road surface. Our
system's main goal is the automatic detection and repair of potholes. Potholes are levelled following the filling
procedure. By creating a model that recognises potholes and fills them automatically, the initiative seeks to
provide roadways devoid of potholes. A condition for operation was that.
Problem Statement
The number of vehicles has significantly increased during the last few years. Traffic congestion and road
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 e-ISSN: 2582-5208
International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science
( Peer-Reviewed, Open Access, Fully Refereed International Journal )
Volume:04/Issue:07/July-2022 Impact Factor- 6.752 www.irjmets.com
accidents have both increased as a result of the rise in vehicle population. Overspeeding, intoxicated driving,
running red lights, and potholes can all contribute to these incidents. Therefore, it is crucial to gather
information about these dangerous road conditions and disseminate it to other drivers, which will help
decrease accidents brought on by potholes. Therefore, with this system, we have suggested a method that
would alert drivers to any obstacles, such as potholes, so that the government may use this information to
properly fix these roads. to create an IOT-based system to identify road and path defects
III. PROPOSED SYSTEM
The suggested technique takes road bumps and potholes into account. However, it ignores the reality that
occasionally, concerned authorities repair or fill in potholes. The system can be further enhanced to take into
account the aforementioned fact and update the server database (cloud) appropriately. In order to prevent
accidents, the technology automatically detects potholes and speed bumps and notifies the drivers of the
vehicles. This is a pothole detection method that is economical. This technique aids in preventing terrible
potholes, hence preventing any catastrophic incidents brought on by poor road conditions. Additionally, the
information might be utilised by government agencies for road maintenance.
Advantages of Proposed System:
 Reduces road accidents and enhances road safety.
 It not only detects the potholes it has a feature to fill the potholes.
 Uses less time to fill the potholes.
 Reduces labor work.
 Efficient data transmission.
 Power consumption is minimized.
 Cost efficient model
IV. SYSTEM OVERVIEW

Block Diagram
Roads are normally placed with speed breakers that are used to control the speed of the vehicle. But these
speed breakers have been a cause of accidents because a definite dimension is not followed throughout.
Likewise, potholes are formed due to oil spills, heavy rains and also due to movement of heavy vehicles. These
bad road conditions cause accidents, affect the quality of driving and also consumes more fuel. Hence, in this
paper we have proposed a system that would notify the drivers regarding any hurdles such as potholes and
humps and this information can be used by the Government to correct these roads effectively.
V. METHODOLOGY
The Infra-red sensor on the front of the Model is allowed to sense the surface of the road, if the pothole will be
detected the sensor send the signals to the micro controller, and the controller suddenly stops the movement of
Model near the pothole, and allows to discharge the required concrete needed for the detected pothole. Then
the pothole is levelled by slider crank mechanism. This system will make an online record of all the locations of
potholes which were came in the way of the vehicle having this system. This record of potholes will help the
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 e-ISSN: 2582-5208
International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science
( Peer-Reviewed, Open Access, Fully Refereed International Journal )
Volume:04/Issue:07/July-2022 Impact Factor- 6.752 www.irjmets.com
road maintenance department to locate these bad roads. This can help to make maintenance work faster. In this
System the driver of the vehicle will be able to avoid the pothole as he/she can get alert 10 sec before, when the
vehicle speed will be medium i.e. 30 mph. If speed of vehicle will be less, then alert time will be earlier and vice
versa. The architecture of proposed system consists of 3 i.e. parts: sensing unit, server unit and user unit.
Ultrasonic sensors are based on measuring the properties of sound waves with frequency above the audio
range. The HC-SR04 module includes ultrasonic transmitter, receiver and control circuit. It measures distance
between two objects and this distance is calculated depending upon the time taken by the ultrasonic pulse to
travel a particular distance. The module sends a 40 kHz square wave and detect the received pulse signal
automatically. The distance is calculated based on the time taken by the transmitted signal to return. In this
system there is a Raspberry Pi & camera-based sensing module and android-based user interface. The low-cost
modules are placed on the vehicles so its efficient for users as they don't have to have an external sensing
function when they get on or off the vehicles. System can be divided into two parts first the Raspberry Pi part
and second one android part.
VI. ALGORITHM
 Start
 Initialize the movement of the model.
 Check for the depth on the surface of the road.
 If depth found, Fill it with the required materials.
 Level it to the surface level.
 Else, continue the movement of the model
 End
Pin Diagram:

 40 Pin header is used to develop an external connection with the electronic device. This is the same as the
previous versions, making it compatible with all the devices where older versions can be used.
 Out of 40 pins, 26 are used as a digital I/O pin and 9 of the remaining 14 pins are termed as dedicated I/O
pins which indicate they don‟t come with alternative function.
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 e-ISSN: 2582-5208
International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science
( Peer-Reviewed, Open Access, Fully Refereed International Journal )
Volume:04/Issue:07/July-2022 Impact Factor- 6.752 www.irjmets.com
 Pin 3 and 5 comes with an onboard pull up resistor which 1.8 kΩ and Pin 27 and 28 are dedicated to ID
EEPROM. In B+ model the GPIO header is slightly repositioned to allow more space for the additional
mounting hole. The devices that are compatible with the B model may work with the B+ version; however,
they may not sit identically to the previous version.
HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS:
 Raspberry Pi
 DC Motors
 Motor Drivers
 Ultrasonic Sensors
 Camera
 Power Divider
SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT
 Python
 Open CV
RESULTS AND ISSUE
The pot hole robot will be using a chassis as a base to connect and assemble everything on it will be consisting
of four motors. Two of which are toy motors and the other being gear motors. The robot is capable of doing
three separate functions.
 Automated and Manual Movement
 Sensing the Pothole
 Automated pothole filling
 Intimation
ADVANTAGES OF THE PRPOSED SYSTEM
 Reduces road accidents and enhances road safety .
 It not only detects the potholes it has a feature to fill the potholes .
 Uses less time to fill the potholes .
 Reduces labor work .
 Efficient data transmission .
 Power consumption is minimized .
 Cost efficient model
VII. CONCLUSION
We want our technology to truly improve road conditions and enhance people‟s lives. In the recent times,
increase in smartphone usage has enabled us to use the mobile sensors and their GPS facility to keep track of
Road Conditions. Machine Learning techniques have provided us with promising results, with an average
accuracy of over 90%, we are able to achieve and keep track of Road conditions without any human
intervention and manual inspections. Android is the most used OS, especially in India. Thus, without any much
effort to use the app and less burden on networks, we are able to detect potholes and help the Government
officials and Road Authorities to keep track of the data. They have Geolocation of Potholes and several user
sensors detecting the potholes are sure enough to have a probability of having bad road conditions.
VIII. REFERENCE
[1] Gaurav Singal, Anurag Goswami, Suneet Gupta, Tejalal Choudhary “Pit free: Pot-holes detection on
Indian Roads using Mobile Sensors”,978-1- 5386-6678-4/18/$31.00 c 2018 IEEE.
[2] Ashish Gaikwad, Yashwant Belhekar, Mandar Dangre, Ankit Chaudhary” Path hole Detection System:
Using Wireless Sensor Network” International Engineering Research Journal (IERJ), Volume 2 Issue 12
Page 4643-4646, 2018 ISSN 2395-1621.
[3] “Identifying and Reporting of Potholes and Humps using IoT” Smita Saitwadekar1, Dr. Payel
saha2International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
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 e-ISSN: 2582-5208
International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science
( Peer-Reviewed, Open Access, Fully Refereed International Journal )
Volume:04/Issue:07/July-2022 Impact Factor- 6.752 www.irjmets.com
Volume: 06Issue: 02 | Feb 2019.
[4] “Road Conditions Detection Using Raspberry Pi Based Sensing Module and Smartphone” Syuan-Yi
Chen1, Annie Shih2 and Chun-Yi Hsiao1 1 Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan
Normal University, Taiwan 2 Industrial Economics and Knowledge Center, Industry Technology
Research Institute, Taiwan978-1-4799-8745- 0/15/$31.00©2015 IEEE.
[5] “Pothole Detection System using Machine Learning on Android” Aniket Kulkarni1, Nitish Mhalgi2,
Sagar Gurnani3, Dr. Nupur Giri4 (ISSN 2250- 2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 4, Issue 7,
July 2014)
[6] R. Sundar, S. Hebbar, and V. Golla, “Implementing intelligent traffic control system for congestion
control, ambulance clearance, and stolen vehicle detection,” IEEE Sensors J., vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 1109–
1113, Feb. 2015.
[7] Samyak Kathane, Vaibhav Kambli, Tanil Patel and Rohan Kapadia, “Real Time Potholes Detection and
Vehicle Accident Detection and Reporting System and Anti-theft (Wireless)”, IJETT, Vol. 21, No. 4,
March 2015.
[8] Taehyeong Kim, Seung-Ki Ryu, “A Guideline for Pothole Classification”, International Journal of
Enginering and Technology (IJET), Vol. 4, No. 10,October 2014.

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