Microprocessors and Peripherals

Lab Programs - 2019

Please Note:
• This document contains all lab programs of microprocessors and peripherals along with
the output of all software programs.
• Programs are taken from official manual MP(16CS405) Lab Manual_2018
(Prepared by : Anisha P Rodrigues, Assistant Professor-II, Computer Science and
Engineering, NMAMIT, Nitte). Only changes made in the text formatting.
• This document is unofficial and only for the purpose of reference.

Prepared by:
Shawn Linton Miranda
4NM17CS164
 Index
Software Programs:
S.No Program Title Page No
1 Binary search 1-2
2 Reading and Displaying string using procedures 2-3
3 Bubble sort 4-5
4 Display ASCII value of read alphanumeric character 5-6
5 Reverse and check whether string is palindrome 6-8
6 Comparison of two strings 8-10
7 Read and display name at specified location on the screen 10-11
8 Factorial of positive integer n 11-13
9 Generate first n Fibonacci numbers 13-14
10 Read and display current system time 14-16
11 Decimal up counter 00-99 16-17
12 Move cursor to specified location of screen 17-19

Hardware Programs:
S.No Program Title Page No
1 Check for parity of input using logic controller 20-20
2 BCD up-down counter using logic controller 21-22
3 Ring counter using logic controller 22-23
4 Multiplication of 2 8-bit numbers using logic controller 23-23
5 Display FIRE and HELP on 7-segment display 24-25
6 Display scrolling message on 7-segment display 25-27
7 Display current system time on 7-segment display 27-29
8 Drive stepper motor in clockwise direction 29-30
9 Drive stepper motor in anticlockwise direction 30-31
10 Drive stepper motor in clockwise & anticlockwise direction 31-32
11 Scan a key of 3x8 keypad interface and display its properties 32-35
12 Perform addition using 3x8 keypad 35-38
Software Programs :
Commands used:
EDIT file_name.ASM - To create a file and type assembly code
MASM file_name.ASM; - To assemble the code using masm assembler
LINK file_name.OBJ; - To link object file with code in order to create executable file
file_name.EXE - To run the assembly code

1.Binary search
Search a key element in a list of ‘n’ 8-bit numbers using the Binary search algorithm.

Program:
DATA SEGMENT
ARR DB 10H,20H,30H,40H,50H,60H
LEN DB $-ARR
MID DB ? ;Variable to hold position of mid element
KEY DB 50H
MSG1 DB 10,13,'Key not found.$'
MSG2 DB 10,13,'Key found at position $'
DATA ENDS

CODE SEGMENT
ASSUME CS:CODE,DS:DATA
START:
MOV AX,DATA ;store address of data segment in DS register
MOV DS,AX
MOV DL,00H ;Lower limit in array
MOV DH,LEN ;Upper limit in array
DEC DH
MOV BX,0000H
MOV CL,KEY
UP:
CMP DL,DH ;while low<=high
JG NOTFOUND
MOV BL,DL
ADD BL,DH
SHR BL,01H ;get mid position
MOV MID,BL
CMP CL,ARR[BX] ;compare key with mid element
JZ FOUND
JB FIRSTHALF ;If key<mid element consider first half of array
INC MID
MOV DL,MID ;Otherwise consider second half
JMP UP
FIRSTHALF:
DEC MID
MOV DH,MID
JMP UP
NOTFOUND:
LEA DX,MSG1 ;If key not found
MOV AH,09H
INT 21H
JMP EXIT

~1~
 FOUND:
LEA DX,MSG2
MOV AH,09H
INT 21H
MOV BL,MID
INC BL
CALL DISPHEXA ;Display the position
EXIT:
MOV AH,4CH ; end of program
INT 21H

DISPHEXA PROC NEAR ;Procedure to display 2 digit hexadecimal numbers

MOV DL,BL
MOV CL,04H
SHR DL,CL
CMP DL,09H
JBE L1
ADD DL,07H
L1:
ADD DL,30H
MOV AH,02H
INT 21H
Output:
When key is 50H
MOV DL,BL
AND DL,0FH
CMP DL,09H
JBE L2
ADD DL,07H
L2: When key is 13H
ADD DL,30H
MOV AH,02H
INT 21H
RET
DISPHEXA ENDP
CODE ENDS
END START

2.Read and Display string

Write ALP macros:
i. To read a character from the keyboard in the module (1) (in adifferent file).
ii. To display a character in module(2) (in different file).
iii. Use the above two modules to read a string of characters from the keyboard terminated by the carriage
return and print the string on the display in the next line.

Program:

F1.MAC (In different file) F2.MAC (In different file)

READCHAR MACRO DISPCHAR MACRO
MOV AH,01H MOV AH,02H
INT 21H INT 21H
ENDM ENDM

INCLUDE F1.MAC ;include macro READCHAR

INCLUDE F2.MAC ;include macro DISPCHAR

~2~
DATA SEGMENT
S DB 50 DUP(?) ;Create empty array with 50 locations
LEN DB ?
MSG1 DB 10,13,'ENTER A STRING:',10,13,'$'
MSG2 DB 10,13,'ENTERED STRING IS:',10,13,'$'
DATA ENDS

CODE SEGMENT
ASSUME CS:CODE,DS:DATA
START:
MOV AX,DATA
MOV DS,AX

LEA DX,MSG1
MOV AH,09H
INT 21H
CALL READSTRING ;read a string
LEA DX,MSG2
MOV AH,09H
INT 21H
CALL DISPSTRING ;display read string
MOV AH,4CH
INT 21H

READSTRING PROC NEAR ;procedure to read a string

MOV CL,00
LEA SI,S
UP1:CMP CL,50
JZ L1
READCHAR ;invoke macro to read a character
CMP AL,0DH
JZ L1
MOV [SI],AL
INC SI
INC CL
JMP UP1
L1: MOV LEN,CL
RET
READSTRING ENDP

DISPSTRING PROC NEAR ;procedure to display a string

MOV CL,00
LEA SI,S
UP2: CMP CL,LEN
JZ L1
MOV DL,[SI]
Output:
DISPCHAR ;invoke macro to display a character
INC SI
INC CL
JMP UP2
L2: RET
DISPSTRING ENDP
CODE ENDS
END START
~3~
3.Bubble sort
Sort a given set of ‘n’ numbers in ascending order using the Bubble Sort algorithm.

Program:
DATA SEGMENT
A DB 61H,38H,05H,91H,82H,03H
LEN DB $-A
NL DB 10,13,'$'
DATA ENDS

CODE SEGMENT
ASSUME CS:CODE,DS:DATA
START:
MOV AX,DATA
MOV DS,AX
DEC LEN
MOV CL,00H
UP2: ;outer loop
CMP CL,LEN
JZ DISPLAY
MOV BX,0000H
MOV DL,LEN
SUB DL,CL
UP1: ;inner loop
CMP BL,DL
JZ D1
MOV AL,A[BX]
CMP AL,A[BX+1]
JBE NOSWAP
MOV AH,A[BX+1] ;swap if left operand is greater
MOV A[BX],AH
MOV A[BX+1],AL
NOSWAP:
INC BL
JMP UP1
D1:
INC CL
JMP UP2
DISPLAY:
MOV CL,00H
LEA SI,A
UP3:
CMP CL,LEN
JA EXIT
MOV BL,[SI]
CALL DISPHEXA
CALL NEWLINE ;Display next number in a new line
INC SI
INC CL
JMP UP3
EXIT:
MOV AH,4CH
INT 21H

~4~
 DISPHEXA PROC NEAR
PUSH CX
MOV DL,BL
MOV CL,04H
SHR DL,CL
CMP DL,09H
JBE L1
ADD DL,07H
L1:
ADD DL,30H
MOV AH,02H
INT 21H

MOV DL,BL
AND DL,0FH
CMP DL,09H
JBE L2
ADD DL,07H
L2:
ADD DL,30H
MOV AH,02H
INT 21H
POP CX
RET Output:
DISPHEXA ENDP

NEWLINE PROC NEAR

LEA DX,NL
MOV AH,09H
INT 21H
RET
NEWLINE ENDP
CODE ENDS
END START

4.Display ASCII value of alphanumeric character

Read an alphanumeric character and display its equivalent ASCII code at the centre of the screen.

Program:
F3.MAC (In different file) F4.MAC (In different file)
CLRSCR MACRO SETCURSOR MACRO ROW,COL
MOV AH,00H ;function number to clear screen MOV DL,COL
MOV AL,02H ;Video display mode 25x80 MOV DH,ROW
INT 10H ;Interrupt number MOV AL,02H
ENDM MOV BH,00H ;current screen
MOV AH,02H ;function number
INT 10H
INCLUDE F3.MAC ENDM
INCLUDE F4.MAC
DATA SEGMENT
MSG1 DB 10,13,'Enter a character : $'
N DB ?
DATA ENDS

~5~
 CODE SEGMENT
ASSUME CS:CODE,DS:DATA
START:
MOV AX,DATA
MOV DS,AX

LEA DX,MSG1
MOV AH,09H
INT 21H
MOV AH,01H
INT 21H
MOV N,AL
CLRSCR ;Invoke macro to clear the screen
SETCURSOR 12,40 ; Sets the cursor at position 12,40
MOV BL,N
CALL DISPHEXA
MOV AH,01H
INT 21H
MOV AH,4CH
INT 21H
Output:
DISPHEXA PROC NEAR
MOV DL,BL
MOV CL,04H
SHR DL,CL
CMP DL,09H
JBE L1
ADD DL,07H
L1:ADD DL,30H
MOV AH,02H
INT 21H
MOV DL,BL
AND DL,0FH
CMP DL,09H
JBE L2
ADD DL,07H
L2:ADD DL,30H
MOV AH,02H
INT 21H
RET
DISPHEXA ENDP
CODE ENDS
END START

5.Palindrome
Reverse a given string and check whether it is a palindrome or not.

Program:
DATA SEGMENT
STR1 DB 20 DUP(?)
STR2 DB 20 DUP(?)
N DB ?
M1 DB 10,13,'Enter the string : $'

~6~
 M2 DB 10,13,'String is a palindrome. $'
M3 DB 10,13,'String is not a palindrome. $'
DATA ENDS

CODE SEGMENT
ASSUME CS:CODE,DS:DATA
START:
MOV AX,DATA
MOV DS,AX

LEA SI,STR1
LEA DI,STR2
LEA DX,M1
MOV AH,09H
INT 21H
CALL READSTRING
MOV N,CL
MOV CL,00H
DEC SI
UP1: ;Reverse the string
CMP CL,N
JZ CHECK
MOV AL,[SI]
MOV [DI],AL
DEC SI
INC CL
INC DI
JMP UP1
CHECK:
LEA SI,STR1
LEA DI,STR2
MOV CL,00H
UP2: ;Compare each characters of original and reversed string
CMP CL,N
JZ PAL
MOV AL,[SI]
CMP AL,[DI]
JNZ NOTPAL ;If any character is not matching then display not palindrome
INC SI
INC DI
INC CL
JMP UP2
NOTPAL:
LEA DX,M3
MOV AH,09H
INT 21H
JMP EXIT
PAL:
LEA DX,M2
MOV AH,09H
INT 21H
EXIT:
MOV AH,4CH
INT 21H
~7~
 READSTRING PROC NEAR
Output:
MOV CL,00
UP:
MOV AH,01H
INT 21H
CMP AL,0DH
JZ L1
MOV [SI],AL
INC SI
INC CL
JMP UP
L1:
RET
READSTRING ENDP
CODE ENDS
END START

6.Comparison of two strings

Read two strings, store them in locations STR1 and STR2. Check whether they are equal or not and display
appropriated messages. Also display the length of the stored strings.

Program:
DATA SEGMENT
STR1 DB 20 DUP(?)
STR2 DB 20 DUP(?)
N1 DB ?
N2 DB ?
M1 DB 10,13,'Strings are equal.$'
M2 DB 10,13,'Strings are not equal.$'
M3 DB 10,13,'Enter string-1 : $'
M4 DB 10,13,'Enter string-2 : $'
M5 DB 10,13,'Length of string-1 : $'
M6 DB 10,13,'Length of string-2 : $'
M7
DATA ENDS

CODE SEGMENT
ASSUME CS:CODE,DS:DATA
START:
MOV AX,DATA
MOV DS,AX

LEA DX,M3
MOV AH,09H
INT 21H
LEA SI,STR1
CALL READSTRING ;Read string-1
MOV N1,CL
LEA DX,M4
MOV AH,09H
INT 21H
LEA SI,STR2
CALL READSTRING ;Read string-2
~8~
 MOV N2,CL

CMP N1,CL ;If length of string is not same then ther are not equal
JNZ NOTEQ
LEA SI,STR1
LEA DI,STR2
MOV CL,00
UP1: ;Compare correspoding characters of two strings
CMP CL,N1
JZ STREQ
MOV AL,[SI]
CMP AL,[DI]
JNZ NOTEQ
INC SI
INC DI
INC CL
JMP UP1
NOTEQ:
LEA DX,M2
MOV AH,09H
INT 21H
JMP DISPLEN
STREQ:
LEA DX,M1
MOV AH,09H
INT 21H
DISPLEN:
LEA DX,M5
MOV AH,09H
INT 21H
MOV BL,N1
CALL DISPHEXA
LEA DX,M6
MOV AH,09H
INT 21H
MOV BL,N2
CALL DISPHEXA
MOV AH,4CH
INT 21H

READSTRING PROC NEAR

MOV CL,00H
UP:
MOV AH,01H
INT 21H
CMP AL,0DH
JZ L1
MOV [SI],AL
INC SI
INC CL
JMP UP
L1:
RET
READSTRING ENDP
~9~
 DISPHEXA PROC NEAR
MOV DL,BL
MOV CL,04H Output:
SHR DL,CL
CMP DL,09H
JBE L2
ADD DL,07H
L2:
ADD DL,30H
MOV AH,02H
INT 21H
MOV DL,BL
AND DL,0FH
CMP DL,09H
JBE L3
ADD DL,07H
L3:
ADD DL,30H
MOV AH,02H
INT 21H
RET
DISPHEXA ENDP
CODE ENDS
END START

7.Read and display name

Read your name from the keyboard and display it at a specified location on the screen in front of the
message “What is your name?” You must clear the entire screen before display.

Program: F3.MAC (In different file)

INCLUDE F3.MAC CLRSCR MACRO
INCLUDE F4.MAC MOV AH,00H ;function number to clear screen
DATA SEGMENT MOV AL,02H ;Video display mode 25x80
MSG1 DB 'Enter your name : $' INT 10H ;Interrupt number
MSG2 DB 'What is your name?$' ENDM
STR DB 30 DUP(?)
N DB ? F4.MAC (In different file)
DATA ENDS SETCURSOR MACRO ROW,COL
MOV DL,COL
CODE SEGMENT MOV DH,ROW
ASSUME CS:CODE,DS:DATA MOV AL,02H
START: MOV BH,00H ;current screen
MOV AX,DATA MOV AH,02H ;function number
MOV DS,AX INT 10H
ENDM
LEA DX,MSG1
MOV AH,09H
INT 21H
LEA SI,STR
CALL READSTRING
MOV N,CL
CLRSCR
MOV AL,02H

~ 10 ~
 SETCURSOR 10,30
LEA DX,MSG2
MOV AH,09H
INT 21H
LEA SI,STR
MOV CL,N
CALL DISPSTRING
MOV AH,01H
INT 21H
MOV AH,4CH
INT 21H

READSTRING PROC NEAR

MOV CL,00H
UP1:
CMP CL,30
JZ L1
MOV AH,01H
INT 21H
CMP AL,0DH
JZ L1
MOV [SI],AL
INC SI
INC CL
Output:
JMP UP1
L1:
RET
READSTRING ENDP

DISPSTRING PROC NEAR

UP2:
CMP CL,00H
JZ L2
MOV DL,[SI]
MOV AH,02H
INT 21H
INC SI
DEC CL
JMP UP2
L2:
RET
DISPSTRING ENDP
CODE ENDS
END START
8.Factorial
Compute the factorial of a positive integer ‘n’ using recursive procedure.

Program:
DATA SEGMENT
N DB 06H
FACT DW ?
MSG2 DB 10,13,'FACTORIAL(06) = $'
DATA ENDS

~ 11 ~
CODE SEGMENT
ASSUME CS:CODE,DS:DATA
START:
MOV AX,DATA
MOV DS,AX

MOV AX,0001 ;Initialize AX with multiplicative identity

MOV BL,N
MOV BH,00H
CALL FACTORIAL ;Call factorial function
MOV FACT,AX

MOV BL,AH
LEA DX,MSG2
MOV AH,09H
INT 21H
CALL DISPHEXA ;Display MSB 2 digits
MOV BX,FACT
CALL DISPHEXA ;Display LSB 2 digits
MOV AH,4CH
INT 21H

FACTORIAL PROC NEAR

CMP BX,01H
JZ L
PUSH BX
DEC BX ;Push value of BX to stack
CALL FACTORIAL ;Recursive call
POP BX
MUL BX
L:
RET
FACTORIAL ENDP

DISPHEXA PROC NEAR

PUSH CX
MOV DL,BL
MOV CL,04H
SHR DL,CL
CMP DL,09H
JBE L1
ADD DL,07H
L1:
ADD DL,30H
MOV AH,02H
INT 21H
MOV DL,BL
AND DL,0FH
CMP DL,09H
JBE L2
ADD DL,07H
L2:
ADD DL,30H
~ 12 ~
 MOV AH,02H
INT 21H Output:
POP CX
RET
DISPHEXA ENDP
CODE ENDS
END START

9.Fibonacci numbers
Generate the first ‘n’ Fibonacci numbers.

Program:
DATA SEGMENT
F1 DB 00H ;First fibonacci number is 00
F2 DB 01H ;Second fibonacci number is 01
F3 DB ?
N DB 10
MSG DB 10,13,'The fibonacci sequence is:',10,13,'$'
DATA ENDS

CODE SEGMENT
ASSUME CS:CODE,DS:DATA
START:
MOV AX,DATA
MOV DS,AX

SPACE MACRO ;Prints a single blank space

MOV DL,' '
MOV AH,02H
INT 21H
ENDM

LEA DX,MSG
MOV AH,09H
INT 21H

MOV CL,00
MOV BL,F1
CALL DISPHEXA ;Display 00
INC CL
SPACE ;print a blank space

MOV BL,F2
CALL DISPHEXA ;Display 01
INC CL
SPACE

UP:
CMP CL,N
JZ EXIT
MOV AL,F1
ADD AL,F2 ;Add first and second number to get third number
MOV F3,AL

~ 13 ~
 MOV BL,AL
CALL DISPHEXA
SPACE
MOV AL,F2
MOV F1,AL ;Replace 1st with second
MOV AL,F3
MOV F2,AL ;Replace 2nd with third
INC CL
JMP UP
EXIT:
MOV AH,4CH
INT 21H

DISPHEXA PROC NEAR

PUSH CX
MOV DL,BL
MOV CL,04H
SHR DL,CL
CMP DL,09H
JBE L1
ADD DL,07H
L1:
ADD DL,30H
MOV AH,02H
INT 21H

MOV DL,BL
AND DL,0FH
CMP DL,09H
JBE L2
ADD DL,07H Output:
L2:
ADD DL,30H
MOV AH,02H
INT 21H
POP CX
RET
DISPHEXA ENDP
CODE ENDS
END START

10.Display current system time

Read the current time from the system and display it in the standard format on the screen.

Program:
DATA SEGMENT
HR DB ?
MIN DB ?
SEC DB ?
MSEC DB ?
MSG DB 'CURRENT SYSTEM TIME - $'
DATA ENDS

~ 14 ~
CODE SEGMENT
ASSUME CS:CODE,DS:DATA
START:
MOV AX,DATA
MOV DS,AX

COLON MACRO ;Prints a colon on the screen

MOV DX,':'
MOV AH,02H
INT 21H
ENDM

MOV AH,2CH ;Function to read current system time

INT 21H
MOV HR,CH ;Hours stored in CH
MOV MIN,CL ;minutes in CL
MOV SEC,DH ;seconds in DH
MOV MSEC,DL ;Milliseconds in DL

LEA DX,MSG
MOV AH,09H
INT 21H

MOV AL,HR
AAM ;Convert packed to unpacked BCD
MOV BX,AX
CALL DISPUNPACKEDBCD
COLON

MOV AL,MIN
AAM
MOV BX,AX
CALL DISPUNPACKEDBCD
COLON

MOV AL,SEC
AAM
MOV BX,AX
CALL DISPUNPACKEDBCD
COLON

MOV AL,MSEC
AAM
MOV BX,AX
CALL DISPUNPACKEDBCD

MOV AH,4CH
INT 21H

DISPUNPACKEDBCD PROC NEAR ;Displays unpacked BCD numbers

MOV DL,BH
ADD DL,30H
MOV AH,02H
INT 21H
~ 15 ~
 MOV DL,BL
ADD DL,30H Output:
MOV AH,02H
INT 21H
RET
DISPUNPACKEDBCD ENDP
CODE ENDS
END START

11.Decimal up counter 00-99

Program to simulate a Decimal Up-counter to display 00-99.

Program:
CLRSCR MACRO
MOV AH,00H
MOV AL,02H
INT 10H
ENDM

CODE SEGMENT
ASSUME CS:CODE
START:
CLRSCR
MOV AL,00H
UP: ;Display 0-98
CMP AL,99H
JZ DISP99
CALL CENTER
MOV BL,AL
CALL DISPLAY
CALL DELAY
ADD AL,01H
DAA ;decimal adjust accumulator after addition
JMP UP
DISP99: ;display 99
CALL CENTER
MOV BL,AL
CALL DISPLAY
CALL DELAY
MOV AH,01H
INT 21H
MOV AH,4CH
INT 21H

CENTER PROC
PUSH AX
MOV DL,39
MOV DH,12
MOV BH,00H
MOV AH,02H
INT 10H
POP AX

~ 16 ~
 RET
CENTER ENDP
Output:
DISPLAY PROC
PUSH AX
MOV DL,BL
MOV CL,04H
SHR DL,CL
CMP DL,09H
JBE DOWN1
ADD DL,07H
DOWN1:
ADD DL,30H
MOV AH,02H
INT 21H .
MOV DL,BL .
AND DL,0FH
.
CMP DL,09H
JBE DOWN2
ADD DL,07H
DOWN2:
ADD DL,30H
MOV AH,02H
INT 21H
POP AX
RET
DISPLAY ENDP

DELAY PROC ;delaying process by executing

PUSH AX ;instruction having no effect .
PUSH BX .
PUSH CX
.
MOV CX,2FFFH
.
L1:MOV BX,5FFFH
.
L2:DEC BX
JNZ L2 .
LOOP L1
POP CX
POP BX
POP AX
RET
DELAY ENDP
CODE ENDS
END START

12.Moving cursor to a specified location

Read a pair of input co-ordinates in BCD and move the cursor to the specified location on the screen.

Program:
CLRSCR MACRO
MOV AH,00
MOV AL,02
INT 10H
ENDM
~ 17 ~
SETCURSOR MACRO R,C
MOV DH,R
MOV DL,C
MOV AL,02H
MOV BH,00H
MOV AH,02H
INT 10H
ENDM

DATA SEGMENT
BCD_R DB ?
BCD_C DB ?
BIN_R DB ?
BIN_C DB ?
MSG1 DB 'ENTER THE ROW : $'
MSG2 DB 10,13,'ENTER THE COLUMN : $'
DATA ENDS

CODE SEGMENT
ASSUME CS:CODE,DS:DATA
START:
MOV AX,DATA
MOV DS,AX

LEA DX,MSG1
MOV AH,09H
INT 21H
CALL READBCD ;Read row
MOV BCD_R,BL

LEA DX,msg2
MOV AH,09H
INT 21H
CALL READBCD ;Read column
MOV BCD_C,BL

MOV BL,BCD_R
CALL BCD_TO_BIN ;Convert row
MOV BIN_R,BL

MOV BL,BCD_C
CALL BCD_TO_BIN ; convert column
MOV BIN_C,BL

CLRSCR
SETCURSOR BIN_R,BIN_C

MOV AH,01H ;wait for keypress

INT 21H

MOV AH,4CH
INT 21H

~ 18 ~
 READBCD PROC NEAR //To read the row and column values
MOV AH,01H
INT 21H
MOV BL, AL
MOV CL,04H
SHL BL,CL
MOV AH,01H
INT 21H
AND AL,0FH
ADD BL,AL
RET
READBCD ENDP

BCD_TO_BIN PROC NEAR //Converts BCD to hexadecimal

MOV DH,BL
AND DH,0FH
MOV AL, BL
MOV CL,04H
SHR AL,CL
MOV DL,0AH
MUL DL
ADD AL, DH
MOV BL, AL
RET
BCD_TO_BIN ENDP

CODE ENDS
END START

Output:

~ 19 ~
Hardware Programs :
Commands used:
iopm filename.exe 0x40a0 - Grant permission for peripheral devices (address can be 0x40b0 also)

1.Parity of input using logic controller

Read the status of eight input bits from the Logic Controller Interface and display ‘FF’ if it is even parity
bits otherwise display 00. Also display number of 1’s in the input data.

Program:
PA equ 40A0H ;Port address of defined to named constant PA. This port address is machine dependent. If 40B0 is
;written on the edges of monitor please write PA as 40B0. If nothing is written then its 40A0
PB equ PA+1 ;PB is next to PA
PC equ PB+1 ;PC is next to PB
PCW equ PC+1 ;PCW is next to PC
CW equ 82h

CODE SEGMENT
ASSUME CS:CODE
START:
MOV AL,CW ;INITIALIZE 8255 with control word
MOV DX,PCW
OUT DX,AL

MOV DX,PB ;Read the status of port b after setting leds

IN AL,DX ; al having port B contents

MOV CL,0 ;number of 1’s counters

MOV CH,8 ;counter to roatate 8 times
MOV BL,AL ;Not necessary
UP1:
ROL AL,1
JNC DOWN ; if bit is 0
INC CL ;increment counter of number of 1’s if bit is 1
DOWN:
DEC CH
JNZ UP1

MOV CH,CL ;CH=COUNT

SHR CL,1 ; if the last bit in cl register is 0, it is even else odd
JC ODDPARITY
MOV AL,0FFH ; even parity
JMP D1
ODDPARITY:
MOV AL,00H ;odd parity
D1: MOV DX,PA
OUT DX,AL

MOV AH,01H ; wait for key press

INT 21H
MOV AL,CH ; display number of 1’s
MOV DX,PA
OUT DX,AL
MOV AH,4CH
INT 21H
CODE ENDS
END START

~ 20 ~
2.BCD up-down counter
Perform the BCD up-down Counter function using the Logic Controller Interface.

Program:
PA EQU 40A0H
PB EQU PA+1
PC EQU PB+1
PCW EQU PC+1
CW EQU 82H
N EQU 15H ;counter maximum limit 15

CODE SEGMENT
ASSUME CS:CODE
START:
MOV AL,CW
MOV DX,PCW
OUT DX,AL

MOV AL,00H ;initial counter value

MOV DX, PA
UP:
CMP AL,15H
JZ DC
OUT DX,AL
CALL DELAY
PUSH AX
MOV AH, 01 ; check if any key pressed to exit
INT 16H
JNZ EXIT ;if there pressed key in buffer then zero flag is set
POP AX
ADD AL,01 ;increment counter
DAA ;decimal adjust accumulator after addition
JMP UP
DC:
CMP AL,00H
JZ M1
OUT DX,AL
CALL DELAY ;delay between successive values
PUSH AX
MOV AH, 01
INT 16H
JNZ EXIT
POP AX
SUB AL, 01 ;decrement counter
DAS ;decimal adjust after subtraction
JMP DC
M1:
OUT DX, AL ;Display zero
EXIT:
MOV AH,4CH
INT 21H

DELAY PROC NEAR

PUSH AX
PUSH BX
PUSH CX
PUSH DX

~ 21 ~
 MOV CX,5FFFH
L3:
MOV BX,0000H
L2:
CMP BX,2FFFH
JZ L1
INC BX
JMP L2
L1:
LOOP L3
POP DX
POP CX
POP BX
POP AX
RET
DELAY ENDP
CODE ENDS
END START

3.Ring counter
Perform the Ring Counter function using the Logic Controller Interface.

Program:
PA EQU 40A0H
PB EQU PA+1
PC EQU PB+1
PCW EQU PC+1
CW EQU 82H

CODE SEGMENT
ASSUME CS:CODE
START:
MOV AL,CW
MOV DX,PCW
OUT DX,AL
MOV AL, 01 ;Set LSB bit as 1
MOV DX,PA
UP:
OUT DX,AL
ROL AL,01 ;shift bit to left
CALL DELAY
PUSH AX
MOV AH, 01 ;check for key press
INT 16H
POP AX
JZ UP
EXIT :
MOV AH, 4CH
INT 21H

DELAY PROC NEAR

PUSH AX
PUSH BX
PUSH CX
PUSH DX
MOV CX,5FFFH
L3:

~ 22 ~
 MOV BX,0000H
L2:
CMP BX,2FFFH
JZ L1
INC BX
JMP L2
L1:
LOOP L3
POP DX
POP CX
POP BX
POP AX
RET
DELAY ENDP
CODE ENDS
END START

4.Multiplication using logic controller

Read the status of two 8-bit inputs (X & Y) from the Logic Controller Interface and display X*Y.

Program:
PA EQU 40A0H
PB EQU PA+1
PC EQU PB+1
PCW EQU PC+1
CW EQU 82H
DATA SEGMENT
X DB ?
Y DB ?
PROD DB ?
DATA ENDS

CODE SEGMENT
ASSUME CS:CODE,DS:DATA
START:
MOV AX, DATA
MOV DS, AX
MOV AL,CW
MOV DX,PCW
OUT DX, AL
MOV DX, PB
IN AL,DX ;Read operand-1
MOV X,AL
MOV AH,01H ;Wait for keypress
INT 21H
MOV DX,PB
IN AL,DX ;Read operand-2
MOV Y,AL
MOV AL,X
MUL Y
MOV PROD,AL
MOV DX,PA
OUT DX, AL ;display product (Maximum 8 bits can be displayed)
MOV AH, 4CH
INT 21H
CODE ENDS
END START

~ 23 ~
5.Display messages on 7-segment display
Display messages FIRE and HELP alternately with flickering effects on a 7-segment display interface for a
suitable period of time. Ensure a flashing rate that makes it easy to read both the messages.

Program:
PA EQU 40A0H 7-segment display circuit diagram is given in page no-25
PB EQU PA+1
PC EQU PB+1
PCW EQU PC+1
CW EQU 80H

DATA SEGMENT
SSFIRE DB 8EH, 0F9H, 0AFH, 86H ;7-segment code for FIRE
SSHELP DB 89H, 86H, 0C7H, 8CH ;7-segment code for HELP
DATA ENDS

CODE SEGMENT
ASSUME CS:CODE, DS:DATA
START:
MOV AX, DATA
MOV DS, AX
MOV AL,CW
MOV DX,PCW
OUT DX,AL
UP: LEA SI, SSFIRE
CALL SSDISPLAY ;Display FIRE
CALL DELAY
LEA SI, SSHELP
CALL SSDISPLAY ;Display HELP
CALL DELAY
MOV AH, 01H ;stop flickering when keypress is found
INT 16H
JZ UP
MOV AH, 4CH
INT 21H

SSDISPLAY PROC NEAR

MOV CX,04 ;Indicated displaying 4 characters
MOV DI, SI
ADD DI, 03 ;Point DI to last character (only for old device). This is not required for new device
UP1:
MOV AL, [DI]
MOV BL, 08 ;Sending 8 bits of each character
M1:
ROL AL, 01H ;get the last character to be sent first
MOV DX, PB
OUT DX, AL
PUSH AX
MOV AL, 01H ;port c high
MOV DX, PC
OUT DX, AL
MOV AL, 00H ; port c low. To trigger the port c using negative edge
OUT DX, AL

~ 24 ~
 POP AX
DEC BL
JNZ M1
DEC DI ;for new device INC DI
LOOP UP1
RET
SSDISPLAY ENDP

DELAY PROC NEAR

PUSH AX
PUSH BX
PUSH CX
PUSH DX
MOV CX,5FFFH
L3:
MOV BX,0000H
L2:
CMP BX,2FFFH
JZ L1
INC BX
JMP L2
L1:
LOOP L3
POP DX
POP CX
POP BX
POP AX
RET
DELAY ENDP
CODE ENDS
END START

6.Display scrolling messages on 7-segment display

Assume any suitable message of 12 characters length and display it in the rolling fashion on a 7-segment
display interface. Ensure a scrolling rate that makes it easy to read whole message.

Program:
PA EQU 40A0H
PB EQU PA+1
PC EQU PB+1
PCW EQU PC+1
CW EQU 80H

DATA SEGMENT
SSCODE DB 0FFH, 0FFH, 0FFH, 0FFH ;----
DB 08EH, 0CFH, 0AFH, 86H ; FIRE
DB 89H, 86H, 0C7H, 8CH ;HELP
DB 0AFH, 0CFH, 0C8H, 90H ;RING
DB 0FFH, 0FFH, 0FFH ;---
DATA ENDS

CODE SEGMENT
ASSUME CS:CODE,DS:DATA

~ 25 ~
START:
MOV AX, DATA
MOV DS, AX
MOV AL, CW
MOV DX, PCW
OUT DX, AL
L16:
MOV CX, 16 ;16 combination of 4 characters each
LEA SI, SSCODE
UP:
CALL SSDISPLAY
CALL DELAY
INC SI ;mov to next combination
LOOP UP
MOV AH, 01H
INT 16H
JZ L16
MOV AH, 4CH
INT 21H

SSDISPLAY PROC NEAR

PUSH CX
MOV CX,04
MOV DI, SI
ADD DI, 03
UP1:
MOV AL, [DI]
MOV BL, 08
M1:
ROL AL, 01H
MOV DX, PB
OUT DX, AL
PUSH AX
MOV AL, 01H
MOV DX, PC
OUT DX, AL
MOV AL, 00H
OUT DX, AL
POP AX
DEC BL
JNZ M1
DEC DI
LOOP UP1
POP CX
RET
SSDISPLAY ENDP

DELAY PROC NEAR

PUSH AX
PUSH BX
PUSH CX
PUSH DX
MOV CX,5FFFH
L3:
~ 26 ~
 MOV BX,0000H
L2:
CMP BX,2FFFH
JZ L1
INC BX
JMP L2
L1:
LOOP L3
POP DX
POP CX
POP BX
POP AX
RET
DELAY ENDP
CODE ENDS
END START

7.Display current system time on 7-segment display

Write an assembly language program to display current system time in a seven segment display.

Program:
PA EQU 40A0H
PB EQU PA+1
PC EQU PB+1
PCW EQU PC+1
CW EQU 80H

DATA SEGMENT
SSTABLE DB 0C0H,0F9H,0A4H,0B0H,99H,92H,83H,0F8H,80H,98H ;code of 7-segment to display 0-9 numbers
SSCODE DB 00H,00H,00H,00H ;store time in7-segment format
HOUR DB ?
MIN DB ?
AINDEX DB 4 DUP(?) ;store system time
DATA ENDS

CODE SEGMENT
ASSUME CS:CODE,DS:DATA
START:
MOV AX,DATA
MOV DS,AX
MOV AL,CW
MOV DX,PCW
OUT DX,AL
MOV AH,2CH ;get system time
INT 21H
MOV HOUR,CH
MOV MIN,CL
LEA SI,AINDEX
MOV AL,HOUR
AAM ;convert packed BCD to unpacked
MOV [SI],AH
MOV[SI+1],AL
MOV AL,MIN

~ 27 ~
 AAM
MOV[SI+2],AH
MOV[SI+3],AL

MOV CX,04H
LEA SI,AINDEX
LEA DI,SSCODE
LEA BX,SSTABLE
UP:MOV AL,[SI]
XLAT ; convert BCD format time to 7-segment format (AL [AL + BX])
MOV [DI],AL
INC SI
INC DI
LOOP UP

LEA SI,SSCODE
CALL SSDISPLAY ;display time on 7 segment display
MOV AH,4CH
INT 21H

SSDISPLAY PROC NEAR

PUSH CX
MOV CX,04H
MOV DI,SI
ADD DI,03H
UP1:MOV AL,[DI]
MOV BL,08H
L1:
ROL AL,01H
MOV DX,PB
OUT DX,AL
PUSH AX
MOV AL,01H
MOV DX,PC
OUT DX,AL
MOV AL,00H
MOV DX,PC
OUT DX,AL
POP AX
DEC BL
JNZ L1
DEC DI
LOOP UP1
POP CX
RET
SSDISPLAY ENDP

DELAY PROC NEAR

PUSH AX
PUSH BX
PUSH CX
PUSH DX
MOV CX,5FFFH
L3:
~ 28 ~
 MOV BX,0000H
L2:
CMP BX,2FFFH
JZ L1
INC BX
JMP L2
L1:
LOOP L3
POP DX
POP CX
POP BX
POP AX
RET
DELAY ENDP
CODE ENDS
END START

8.Drive stepper motor in clockwise direction

Drive a Stepper Motor interface to rotate the motor in clockwise direction by N steps. Introduce suitable
delay between successive steps.

Program:
PA EQU 40A0H
PB EQU PA+1
PC EQU PB+1
PCW EQU PC+1
CW EQU 80H

DATA SEGMENT
N DB 100 ;Number of steps. Each step is 1.8*
DATA ENDS

CODE SEGMENT
ASSUME CS:CODE,DS:DATA
START:
MOV AX,DATA
MOV DS,AX
MOV AL,CW
MOV DX,PCW
OUT DX,AL
MOV BL, N
MOV AX,9911H ;AL=current position (PA0), AH = Next position of stepper motor(PA0 and PA3)
MOV DX,PA
OUT DX,AL
CALL DELAY
UP:
ROR AL,1 ;rotate clockwise to get next position
XCHG AL,AH ;AH was holding next position, so put it in AL
OUT DX,AL
CALL DELAY
ROR AL,1
XCHG AL,AH
OUT DX, AL
CALL DELAY
~ 29 ~
 DEC BL
JNZ UP
EXIT:
MOV AH,4CH
INT 21H

DELAY PROC NEAR

PUSH BX
MOV CX,3FFFH
THERE:
MOV BX,0FFFH
HERE:
DEC BX
JNZ HERE
LOOP THERE
POP BX
RET
DELAY ENDP
CODE ENDS
END START

9.Drive stepper motor in anticlockwise direction

Drive a Stepper Motor interface to rotate the motor in anticlockwise direction by N steps. Introduce suitable
delay between successive steps.

Program:
PA EQU 40A0H
PB EQU PA+1
PC EQU PB+1
PCW EQU PC+1
CW EQU 80H

DATA SEGMENT
N DB 100 ;Number of steps. Each step is 1.8*
DATA ENDS

CODE SEGMENT
ASSUME CS:CODE,DS:DATA
START:
MOV AX,DATA
MOV DS,AX
MOV AL,CW
MOV DX,PCW
OUT DX,AL
MOV BL, N
MOV AX,3311H ;AL=current position (PA0), AH = Next position of stepper motor(PA0 and PA1)
MOV DX,PA
OUT DX,AL
CALL DELAY
UP:
ROL AL,1 ;rotate anticlockwise to get next position
XCHG AL,AH ;AH was holding next position, so put it in AL
OUT DX,AL

~ 30 ~
 CALL DELAY
ROL AL,1
XCHG AL,AH
OUT DX, AL
CALL DELAY
DEC BL
JNZ UP
EXIT:MOV AH,4CH
INT 21H

DELAY PROC NEAR

PUSH BX
MOV CX,3FFFH
THERE:
MOV BX,0FFFH
HERE:
DEC BX
JNZ HERE
LOOP THERE
POP BX
RET
DELAY ENDP
CODE ENDS
END START

10.Drive stepper motor in anticlockwise & Clockwise direction

Drive a Stepper Motor interface to rotate the motor n steps in anticlockwise direction and then n steps in
clockwise direction. Introduce suitable delay between successive steps.

Program:
PA EQU 40A0H
PB EQU PA+1
PC EQU PB+1
PCW EQU PC+1
CW EQU 80H

DATA SEGMENT
N DB 100 ;Number of steps. Each step is 1.8*
DATA ENDS

CODE SEGMENT
ASSUME CS:CODE,DS:DATA
START:
MOV AX,DATA
MOV DS,AX
MOV AL,CW
MOV DX,PCW
OUT DX,AL
MOV BL, N
MOV AX,3311H ;AL=current position (PA0), AH = Next position of stepper motor(PA0 and PA31)
MOV DX,PA
OUT DX,AL
CALL DELAY

~ 31 ~
 UP1:ROL AL,1 ;rotate anticlockwise to get next position
XCHG AL,AH ;AH was holding next position, so put it in AL
OUT DX,AL
CALL DELAY
ROL AL,1
XCHG AL,AH
OUT DX, AL
CALL DELAY
DEC BL
JNZ UP1

MOV BL, N
MOV AX,9911H ;AL=current position (PA0), AH = Next position of stepper motor(PA0 and PA3)
MOV DX,PA
OUT DX,AL
CALL DELAY
UP2:ROR AL,1 ;rotate clockwise to get next position
XCHG AL,AH ;AH was holding next position, so put it in AL
OUT DX,AL
CALL DELAY
ROR AL,1
XCHG AL,AH
OUT DX, AL
CALL DELAY
DEC BL
JNZ UP2

EXIT:
MOV AH,4CH
INT 21H

DELAY PROC NEAR

PUSH BX
MOV CX,3FFFH
THERE:
MOV BX,0FFFH
HERE:
DEC BX
JNZ HERE
LOOP THERE
POP BX
RET
DELAY ENDP
CODE ENDS
END START

11.Scanning 3x8 Keypad

Scan 3 x 8 keypad for key closure and to store the code of the key pressed in a memory location or display
on screen. Also display row and column numbers of the key pressed.

Program:
PA EQU 40A0H
3x8 Keypad layout is given in page no-35
PB EQU PA+1

~ 32 ~
PC EQU PB+1
PCW EQU PC+1
CW EQU 90H

DATA SEGMENT
ROW DB ? ;to store row of pressed key
COL DB ? ;to store column of pressed key
VAL DB ? ;to store value of pressed key
MSG1 DB 10,13,'ROW : $'
MSG2 DB 10,13,'COLUMN : $'
MSG3 DB 10,13,'VALUE : $'
DATA ENDS

CODE SEGMENT
ASSUME CS:CODE,DS:DATA
START:
MOV AX,DATA
MOV DS,AX
MOV AL,CW
MOV DX,PCW
OUT DX,AL

CALL KEYPRESS ;Read a key from keypad interface

MOV ROW,BL
MOV COL,BH
MOV VAL,CL

LEA DX,MSG1 ;display row number

MOV AH,09H
INT 21H
MOV BL,ROW
CALL DISPHEXA
LEA DX,MSG2 ;display column number
MOV AH,09H
INT 21H
MOV BL,COL
CALL DISPHEXA
LEA DX,MSG3 ;display value of key
MOV AH,09H
INT 21H
MOV BL,VAL
CALL DISPHEXA
MOV AH,4CH
INT 21H

KEYPRESS PROC NEAR

UP:
MOV AL,01H
MOV DX,PC
OUT DX,AL ;Scan row-1 (PC0 is high)
MOV DX,PA
IN AL,DX
CMP AL,00H ;check for keypress in row-1
JNZ FIRSTROW
~ 33 ~
 MOV AL,02H
MOV DX,PC
OUT DX,AL ;Scan row-2 (PC1 is high)
MOV DX,PA
IN AL,DX
CMP AL,00H ;Check for keypress in row-2
JNZ SECONDROW

MOV AL,04H
MOV DX,PC
OUT DX,AL ;Scan row-3 (PC2 is high)
MOV DX,PA
IN AL,DX
CMP AL,00H ;Check for keypress in row-3
JNZ THIRDROW
JMP UP ;scan continuously until key is pressed

FIRSTROW:
CALL DELAY ;delay between two key press
MOV BL,01H
MOV BH,01H
MOV CL,00H ;Initialize value of 1st key in row-1 with 0
UP1:
ROR AL,01H ;counting column number
JC L1
INC BH
INC CL
JMP UP1
SECONDROW:
CALL DELAY
MOV BL,02H
MOV BH,01H
MOV CL,08H ;Initialize value of 1st key in row-2 with 08H
UP2:
ROR AL,01H
JC L1
INC BH
INC CL
JMP UP2
THIRDROW:
CALL DELAY
MOV BL,03H
MOV BH,01H
MOV CL,10H ; Initialize value of 1st key in row-3 with 10H
UP3:
ROR AL,01H
JC L1
INC BH
INC CL
JMP UP3
L1:
RET
KEYPRESS ENDP
~ 34 ~
 DELAY PROC NEAR
PUSH CX
PUSH BX
MOV CX,0FFFFH
L5:
MOV BX,04FFHH M+ M- MR MC = CHK CE AC
L4:
DEC BX
JNZ L4
LOOP L5 %
POP BX
POP CX
RET
DELAY ENDP

DISPHEXA PROC NEAR

PUSH AX
MOV DL,BL
MOV CL,04
SHR DL, CL
CMP DL,09
JBE L10
ADD DL,07H
L10:
ADD DL,30H
MOV AH,02H
INT 21H
MOV DL, BL
AND DL,0FH
CMP DL,09H
JBE L11
ADD DL,07H
L11: ADD DL,30H
MOV AH,02H
INT 21H
POP AX
RET
DISPHEXA ENDP
CODE ENDS
END START

12.Addition using 3x8 keypad

Scan 3 x 8 keypad for key closure and simulate ADD operation as in a calculator.

Program:
PA EQU 40A0H
PB EQU PA+1
PC EQU PB+1
PCW EQU PC+1
CW EQU 90H

DATA SEGMENT
OP1 DB ?

~ 35 ~
 OP2 DB ?
RES DB ?
MSG1 DB 10,13,'SUM : $'
DATA ENDS

CODE SEGMENT
ASSUME CS:CODE,DS:DATA
START:
MOV AX,DATA
MOV DS,AX
MOV AL,CW
MOV DX,PCW
OUT DX,AL

CALL KEYPRESS ;read 1st digit of operand-1

MOV OP1,CL
MOV CL,04
SHL OP1,CL
CALL KEYPRESS ;read 2nd digit of operand-1
ADD OP1,CL
CALL KEYPRESS ;To read plus sign (Reading any key here will not affect addition operation)
CALL KEYPRESS ;read 1st digit of operand-2
MOV OP2,CL
MOV CL,04
SHL OP2,CL
CALL KEYPRESS ;read 2nd digit of operand-2
ADD OP2,CL

MOV AL,OP1
ADD AL,OP2 ;compute the sum
MOV RES,AL

LEA DX,MSG1
MOV AH,09H
INT 21H
MOV BL,RES
CALL DISPHEXA ;display sum
MOV AH,4CH
INT 21H

KEYPRESS PROC NEAR

UP:
MOV AL,01H
MOV DX,PC
OUT DX,AL ;Scan row-1
MOV DX,PA
IN AL,DX
CMP AL,00H ;check for keypress in row-1
JNZ FIRSTROW

MOV AL,02H
MOV DX,PC
OUT DX,AL ;Scan row-2
MOV DX,PA
~ 36 ~
 IN AL,DX
CMP AL,00H ;Check for keypress in row-2
JNZ SECONDROW

MOV AL,04H
MOV DX,PC
OUT DX,AL ;Scan row-3
MOV DX,PA
IN AL,DX
CMP AL,00H ;Check for keypress in row-3
JNZ THIRDROW
JMP UP ;scan continuously until key is pressed

FIRSTROW:
CALL DELAY ;delay between two key press
MOV BL,01H
MOV BH,01H
MOV CL,00H ;Initialize value of 1st key in row-1 with 0
UP1:
ROR AL,01H ;counting column number
JC L1
INC BH
INC CL
JMP UP1
SECONDROW:
CALL DELAY
MOV BL,02H
MOV BH,01H
MOV CL,08H ;Initialize value of 1st key in row-2 with 08H
UP2:
ROR AL,01H
JC L1
INC BH
INC CL
JMP UP2
THIRDROW:
CALL DELAY
MOV BL,03H
MOV BH,01H
MOV CL,10H ; Initialize value of 1st key in row-3 with 10H
UP3:
ROR AL,01H
JC L1
INC BH
INC CL
JMP UP3
L1:
RET
KEYPRESS ENDP

DELAY PROC NEAR

PUSH CX
PUSH BX
MOV CX,0FFFFH
~ 37 ~
L5:
MOV BX,04FFHH
L4:
DEC BX
JNZ L4
LOOP L5
POP BX
POP CX
RET
DELAY ENDP

DISPHEXA PROC NEAR

PUSH AX
MOV DL,BL
MOV CL,04
SHR DL, CL
CMP DL,09
JBE L10
ADD DL,07H
L10:
ADD DL,30H
MOV AH,02H
INT 21H
MOV DL, BL
AND DL,0FH
CMP DL,09H
JBE L11
ADD DL,07H
L11: ADD DL,30H
MOV AH,02H
INT 21H
POP AX
RET
DISPHEXA ENDP
CODE ENDS
END START

***
~ 38 ~