S210 Abstracts / Toxicology Letters 259S (2016) S73–S247
was combined with an evaluation of respiratory complaints, lung
and cognitive functions.
Results: Thirty workers were exposed to aluminium during the
year 2007, and 36 in 2012; around half of them present the fol-
lowing up. Beside, all of them were matched to individuals without
such aluminium exposure.
The average internal doses of aluminium found in urine grew
from 11.02 ␮g/L (2007) to 20.84 ␮g/L (2012) and were significantly
higher than the controls: 4.37 ␮g/l (2007) and 13.8 ␮g/L (2012).
Atmospheric levels obtained from stationary samples grew from
0.66 to 1.65 ␮g/m3 (2007) to 22.12 to 33.5 ␮g/m3 (2012). Irritability
symptoms were significantly higher during 2007 and for chronic
cough in 2012.
Conclusion: The worst working conditions during the last
assessment (2012) were paradoxically the aftermath of modifica-
tions to enhance the working process and to increase preventive
measures.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.07.501
PP22.1
Cholinesterases activity and paraoxonase 1
Q192R polymorphism of workers exposed to
pesticides
I.B. Molina-Pintor 1 , Y.Y. Bernal-Hernández 2 , A.E. Rojas-García 2 ,
I.M. Medina-Díaz 2 , J.F. Herrera Moreno 2 , G.A. Álvarez Puentes 2 ,
B.S. Barrón-Vivanco 2,1
1 Posgrado en Ciencias Biológico Agropecuarias, Universidad
Autónoma de Nayarit, Mexico
2 Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental,
Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Mexico
Introduction: Organophosphate pesticide (OP) exposure has
been associated with inhibition of the enzymatic activity of
the cholinesterases butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) and acetyl-
cholinesterase (AChE), these are considered as biomarkers of OP
exposure and effect. Paraoxonase1 (PON1) is an enzyme that
hydrolyzes and detoxifies a large number of OP. The adverse health
effects by AChE inhibition might be modulated by a PON1 genetic
polymorphism such as PON1 Q192R.
Objective: To determine the relationship between cholines-
terase activity and PON1 Q192R polymorphism in workers chroni-
cally exposed to OP.
Materials and methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive, and ana-
lytical study was conducted in 208 workers exposed to pesticides
dedicated to the fumigation of houses, schools, and other areas.
Three different groups were considered according to exposure
level (low exposure, intermediate exposure, and high exposure).
AChE and BuChE activity was determined spectrophotometrically
in blood, according to the Ellman method. The PON1 Q192R poly-
morphism was determined using Taqman probes from Applied
Biosystems by real time-PCR.
Results: In a preliminary analysis, differences in AChE and
BuChE activity were examined by gender, genotype, and body
mass index (BMI). Allele frequency in this population is R = 0.483
and Q = 0.517. An association was observed between cholinesterase
activity (AChE and BuChE) and PON1 Q192R genotypes in the high-
exposure group. The individuals carrying the RR genotype have
more AChE and BuChE activity than those carrying the QQ genotype.
Conclusions: Preliminary results demonstrate that there is an
association between cholinesterase activity and PON1 Q192R geno-
types in workers with high exposure to pesticides.
Financial support: This study was support by CONACyT-Salud,
Mexico (grant #233803). The authors express their acknowledge-
ments to Pesticide Toxicology Network (Conacyt-253789/271775).
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.07.502
PP22.2
Evaluation of oxidative stress, antioxidant
enzyme activities, and genetic damage in
sprayers exposed to pesticides
R.D. Zepeda-Arce 1 , G. Pier-Villegas 2 , A.B. Benitez-Trinidad 1 , Y.Y.
Bernal-Hernández 2 , I.M. Medina-Díaz 2 , B.S. Barrón-Vivanco 2 , B.
Quintanilla-Vega 3 , A.E. Rojas-García 1,2
1 Posgrado Ciencias Biológico Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma
de Nayarit, Mexico
2 Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental,
Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Mexico
3 Departamento de Toxicología-CINVESTAV, Ciudad De México,
Mexico
Introduction: In the last decade, indiscriminate use of pes-
ticides in agriculture and public health campaigns has been
associated with an increase of oxidative stress (OS) and DNA
damage, resulting in health outcomes. Some defense mechanisms
against free radical-induced oxidative damage include the antiox-
idant enzymatic system.
Objective: To determine the levels of OS through lipid peroxi-
dation products, such as malondialdehyde (MDA), the antioxidant
enzyme activity of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD),
glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), and its
relationship with DNA damage in sprayers occupationally exposed
to pesticides.
Materials and methods: The study population consisted of 208
sprayers stratified into three groups according to the grade of expo-
sure. The determination of MDA, SOD, GPx, and GR activities was
performed spectrophotometrically using assay kits according to the
manufacturer’s instructions. CAT activity was determined accord-
ing to Aebi (1984). The genotoxic effect was evaluated through the
comet assay with some modifications.
Results: The preliminary results showed that MDA levels were
not different according to the study group (p = 0.74). In contrast,
CAT and SOD activities were reduced in the high- exposure group
compared with the reference group (p = 0.09, p = 0.07). With respect
to DNA damage parameters, no significant difference was observed.
In addition, an inverse association was observed between CAT and
SOD activities, and DNA damage, suggesting that the damage may
be induced by the decrease of the antioxidant enzyme activity.
Conclusions: The preliminary results suggest the relevance of
the antioxidant enzymes in terms of DNA protection in pesticide-
exposed population.
Financial support: This study was support by CONACyT-Salud,
Mexico (grant #233803 and Pesticide Toxicology Network (Conacyt
– 253789/271775).
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.07.503