Chapter 3

OPERA HOUSE AND THEATRE, WUSE ABUJA:
ENHANCING ACOUSTIC PROPERTIES FOR EFFECTIVE SOUND PRODUCTION

IN THEATRES.
BY
BAMIGBOLA, LOVE OLUWASEUN
17/31QD020
SUPERVISOR
ARC (MRS). ADELABU
OCTOBER, 2021
1
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER THREE ................................................................................................................. 4
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ....................................................................................... 5
3.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................... 5
3.2 Research Methodology ........................................................................................ 5
3.2.1 Types of Research methodology.......................................................................... 5
3.3 Sources of Data .................................................................................................... 6
3.3.1 Instruments of Data Collection ........................................................................... 7
3.3.2 Procedures for Data Collection ........................................................................... 7
3.4 Case Study Approach ........................................................................................... 8
3.4.1 Case Study Selection Criteria .............................................................................. 9
3.4.2 Analysis of Case studies ................................................................................... 10
Case Study One (1): Guangzhou Opera House, Guangzhou, China ................................ 11
Case Study Two (2): Sydney Opera House, Sydney, Australia. ...................................... 22
Case Study Three (3): Harbin Opera House, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China ..................... 26
Case Study Four (4): The National Theatre Orile, Iganmu, Lagos. ................................. 32
Case Study Five (5): Obafemi Awolowo University Theatre, Ile-Ife, Osun. ................. 36
3.5 Deductions from Case studies ............................................................................ 39
References ................................................................................................................................ 40
2
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 3.1: Map location .......................................................................................................... 13
Figure 3.2: Aerial Site Plan of Guangzhou Opera House ........................................................ 14
Figure 3.3: Site Plan of Guangzhou Opera House ................................................................... 15
Figure 3.4: Floor Plan at level 0 meter of Guangzhou Opera House ....................................... 15
Figure 3.5: Floor Plan at level 5 meter of Guangzhou Opera House ....................................... 16
Figure 3.6: Floor Plan at level 11 meter of Guangzhou Opera House ..................................... 16
Figure 3.9: North view of Guangzhou Opera House ............................................................... 18
Figure 3.10: East view of Guangzhou Opera House................................................................ 18
Figure 3.11: South view of Guangzhou Opera House ............................................................. 18
Figure 3.12: West view of Guangzhou Opera House .............................................................. 19
Figure 3.13: View showing cross section of opera house ........................................................ 19
Figure 3.14: View showing longitudinal section of opera house............................................. 19
Figure 3.15: Section 1 .............................................................................................................. 24
Figure 3.16: Section 2 .............................................................................................................. 24
Figure 3.17: Map location ........................................................................................................ 27
Figure 3.18: First floor plan ..................................................................................................... 28
Figure 3.19: Second floor plan Figure 3.20: Roof plan ................................................. 29
Figure 3.21: Longitudinal section ............................................................................................ 29
Figure 3.22: Transverse section ............................................................................................... 30
Figure 3.23: Floor plan of National Theatre ............................................................................ 33
3
LIST OF PLATES
Plate 3.1: Guangzhou Opera House ......................................................................................... 13
Plate 3.2: Ariel view showing landscape ................................................................................. 14
Plate 3.3: Views of lobby and circulation space ...................................................................... 20
Plate 3.4 : Interior views of Guangzhou Opera House ............................................................ 20
Plate 3.5: Front view of opera house ....................................................................................... 23
Plate 3.6: Side view of opera house ......................................................................................... 23
Plate 3.7: Views of the opera house ......................................................................................... 24
Plate 3.8: Interior view of the hall Plate 3.9: Interior view of the hall ...................... 25
Plate 3.10: Ariel view showing landscape ............................................................................... 28
Plate 3.11: Side view Plate 3.12: Interior view ............................................................... 30
Plate 3.13: Interior views showing materials used for good acoustics .................................... 30
Plate 3.14: Front view Plate 3.15: Side view ........................................................... 34
Plate 3.16: Aerial view of the theatre....................................................................................... 34
Plate 3.17: Interior view of the theatre..................................................................................... 34
Plate 3.18: Entrance view of the theatre .................................................................................. 37
Plate 3.19: Front view of the theatre ........................................................................................ 37
Plate 3.20: Side view of the theatre ......................................................................................... 37
Plate 3.21: Back view of the theatre ........................................................................................ 38
LIST OF TABLES
Table 3.1 showing some acoustic properties of the theatre and their ratings. ......................... 21
4
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Introduction
This chapter seeks to examine research methods on the subject matter of this thesis;
these being Acoustics and Sound production with the central theme being Opera house and
Theatre. It reviews previously built buildings on the central theme and combinations of such
individual components.
3.2 Research Methodology
Research methods are the strategies, processes or techniques utilized in the collection of data
or evidence for analysis in order to uncover new information or create better understanding of
a topic. Research methods are broadly classified as Qualitative and Quantitative.
3.2.1 Types of Research methodology
1. Quantitative Methods
Quantitative research methods emphasize objective measurements and the statistical,
mathematical, or numerical analysis of data collected through polls, questionnaires, and
surveys, or by manipulating pre-existing statistical data using computational techniques.
Quantitative research focuses on gathering numerical data and generalizing it across groups of
people or to explain a particular phenomenon.
Types of quantitative methods include:
I. Survey Research
II. Descriptive Research
III. Experimental Research
IV. Correlational Research
5
2. Qualitative Methods
Qualitative research involves collecting and analyzing non-numerical data to understand
concepts, opinions, or experiences. It can be used to gather in-depth understandings of a
problem or generate new ideas for research. It is a method which collects data using
conversational methods, usually open-ended questions. The responses collected are essentially
non-numerical.
Types of qualitative methods include:
I. One-to-one Interview
II. Focus Groups
III. Ethnographic studies
IV. Text Analysis
V. Case Study
3.3 Sources of Data
The primary sources of data to be use in this research are:
A. Primary Sources
i. Architectural drawings and specifications
ii. Manufacturer's Catalogues
iii. Direct observation
iv. Photographs
B. Secondary Sources
The secondary sources of data to be use in this research are:
i. Books
ii. Journals
iii. Web documents
6
3.3.1 Instruments of Data Collection
The instruments of data collection are the tools that assist in carrying out the research, for
effective assessment of the variables used in the research. The instruments of data collection
applied in this research are listed below:
I. Photographs
Photographs of relevant case studies are to be taken to determine the passive design
strategies and the extent, to which they were applied, that is to say, if their extent of
application was strong, weak or non-existent.
II. Sketches
Sketches were made of some parts of the selected case studies. These sketches showed
the floor plans of some of the case studies.
III. Notes
These notes where in form of field forms outlining the variables of passive design
strategies as they relate to opera house and theatre.
3.3.2 Procedures for Data Collection
These involved visits to two local case studies and taking a visual analysis based on
Acoustical properties used in the theatres and opera houses. These buildings were then
evaluated on the created field forms.
However, the foreign case studies were gotten through the internet and their analysis
based on the Acoustical properties are evaluated as
well.
7
3.4 Case Study Approach
Case study refers to an event, an entity, an individual or even a unit of analysis. It is an empirical
inquiry that investigates a contemporary phenomenon within its real life context using multiple
sources of evidence. A case study is an appropriate research design when you want to gain
concrete, contextual, in-depth knowledge about a specific real-world subject. It allows you to
explore the key characteristics, meanings, and implications of the case. The research
methodology and methods of data collection in conducting this thesis is qualitative analysis of
case studies.
There are a few different types of case studies that researchers might utilize:
1. Collective case studies: These involves the study of a group of individuals. Researchers
might study a group of people in a certain setting or look at an entire community of
people.
2. Descriptive case studies: These involve starting with a descriptive theory. The subjects
are then observed and the information gathered is compared to the pre-existing theory.
3. Explanatory case studies: These are often used to do causal investigations. In other
words, researchers are interested in looking at factors that may have actually caused
certain things to occur.
4. Exploratory case studies: These are sometimes used as a prelude to further, more in-
depth research. This allows researchers to gather more information before developing
their research questions and hypotheses.
5. Instrumental case studies: These occur when the individual or group allows researchers
to understand more than what is initially obvious to observers.
6. Intrinsic case studies: This type of case study is when the researcher has a personal
interest in the case. Jean Piaget's observations of his own children are good examples
8
of how an intrinsic cast study can contribute to the development of a psychological
theory.
3.4.1 Case Study Selection Criteria
I. Suitability: The case studies used in this study of this chapter were selected due to their
level of suitability i.e. they are either opera houses or theatre with good acoustic
considerations in their design and construction.
II. Security: The local case studies were all selected within a close range and proximity
due to the security situation of the country.
III. Availability: Opera houses are not commonly found in Nigeria thereby making it hard
to get case studies locally.
9
3.4.2 Analysis of Case studies
Case study research in Architecture goes beyond the documentation and description of the
physical characteristics of the built environment (Oluigbo, 2010). In architectural research a
case study is the most equipped method used to review a particular topic or group of topics
which enables the research to see the situation of a particular sample of the similar topic thereby
assessing and analyzing it. The case studies selected for this thesis were sampled purposively.
Several case studies have been chosen for the purpose of this study. The case studies have been
properly appraised to serve as tool for the realization of the set goals and objectives. Therefore,
the process of arriving at a suitable design solution for a sustainable opera house involves a
careful research and graphic documentation of selected and related schemes, which have direct
bearing in relation to the proposal. The case studies selected for use in this project are selected
below:
I. Guangzhou Opera House, Guangzhou, China.
II. Sydney Opera House, Sydney, Australia.
III. Harbin Opera House, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
IV. The National Theatre Orile, Iganmu, Lagos.
10
Case Study One (1): Guangzhou Opera House, Guangzhou, China
Background
The municipality of Guangzhou announced its plans in 2002 to build an Opera House that
would be unique not only for its architectural features but also for its innovation. It
commissioned Zaha Hadid Architects with the task of creating a work that would be perfectly
integrated aesthetically with the surrounding environment. Zaha Hadid designed the opera
house in 2002 and after the construction work was contracted to China Construction Third
Engineering Bureau Co. Ltd, the work began and lasted from 2003 - 2010. The work was to
have been completed in 2010, but the inauguration was postponed to February 2011 after a fire
that broke out on the site. The acoustics construction and design was done by Marshall Day
Acoustics with Sir. Harold Marshall as the engineer. It is located in Guangzhou, Guangdong,
China
Architectural features
The opera house is designed as two large pebble-shaped structures washed onto the banks of
Pearl River. The structures appear as twin boulders taken from the riverbed and smoothed by
erosion in a stream. The design evolved from the concepts of a natural landscape and the
fascinating interplay between architecture and nature; engaging with the principles of erosion,
geology and topography. Custom molded glass-fiber reinforced gypsum (GFRC) units have
been used for the interior of the auditorium to continue the architectural language of fluidity
and seamlessness. The tessellated, triangular glass sections provide internal lighting and open
up to the public areas. It also emphasises the crystalline nature of the Opera House.
The Opera House is a pair of asymmetric structures with the dome and curtain wall integrated
together. The irregular structural joint has a complex non-geometric design. It is about 43m tall
and the external shell has a maximum length of 120m. Three-direction skew folded steel plates
were used to create 64 faces and 47 corners to the structural façade. The latticed cladding
11
required precise founding, positioning and joining of each steel sub-section. The façade is made
of granite and glass and is supported by a steel frame. The larger building is clad in charcoal-
coloured granite with a rough texture while the smaller structure used lighter white colour. The
moulded panels of the main theatre used glass fibre reinforced gypsum (GRG) for the interior
surface. The walls and ceilings of the auditorium are made of about 50mm GRG moulds fixed
to a steel frame. he folded and flowing surface is treated for a golden and glossy appearance.
The split-level terraced seating is copper-toned. Ceiling lighting is designed with 4,000 white
LEDs.
Facilities
Some of the spaces and facilities present in the Guangzhou opera house are listed below.
I. 1,800-seat auditorium.
II. 400-seat multifunction hall.
III. Wave-shaped foyer.
IV. Stage
V. Stage storage
VI. VIP lounge
VII. Ticket office
VIII. Offices
IX. Performer’s lounge
X. Ballet rehearsal room
XI. Rehearsal room
XII. Recording studio
XIII. Orchestra rehearsal room
XIV. Changing/ dressing rooms
XV. Sky restaurant
12
XVI. Refreshments area
XVII. Kitchen
XVIII. Dining area
XIX. Plaza
XX. Cloak room
XXI. Underground parking etc.
Pictures
Figure 3.1: Map location

Source: Google map, 2021
Plate 3.1: Guangzhou Opera House

Source: www.Archdaily.com, 2011.
13
Plate 3.2: Ariel view showing landscape
Source: Pinterest.com, 2019
Figure 3.2: Aerial Site Plan of Guangzhou Opera House

Source: www.archdaily.com, 2011.
14
Figure 3.3: Site Plan of Guangzhou Opera House
Figure 3.4: Floor Plan at level 0 meter of Guangzhou Opera House

15

16

17
Figure 3.9: North view of Guangzhou Opera House
Figure 3.10: East view of Guangzhou Opera House

Figure 3.11: South view of Guangzhou Opera House

18
Figure 3.12: West view of Guangzhou Opera House
Figure 3.13: View showing cross section of opera house

Figure 3.14: View showing longitudinal section of opera house

19
Plate 3.3: Views of lobby and circulation space
Plate 3.4 : Interior views of Guangzhou Opera House

20
Appraisal
Merits
I. The auditorium is equipped with the latest acoustic technology for superior sound
clarity.
II. Effective use of living landscape concept.
III. Use of materials with good acoustic properties for the rehearsal rooms, auditoriums and
other performance spaces.
Demerits
I. Over reliance on artificial lighting in the auditorium.
II. Cost of construction is high.
Checklist
Table 3.1 showing some acoustic properties of the theatre and their ratings.
PARAMETERS REMARK POOR FAIR EXCELLENT

Size 1,800 seat- according
to Beranek’s 1996
study, 1850 is the
average seating 
capacity for good
acoustic
Shape Asymmetric 
aerodynamic
Material used Glass fiber reinforced
for ceiling and gypsum (GRG) 
walls moulds fixed to a
steel frame.
Material used Black granite floors 
for floor
Reverberation 1.6 second 
time
Source: Author’s field work, 2021.
21
Case Study Two (2): Sydney Opera House, Sydney, Australia.
Background
In designing the Sydney Opera House, architect Jørn Utzon took a leaf from nature's book. The
Utzon Design Principles cite inspiration from sources including the harbour setting and nature's
organic forms, colours and textures. Headlands, palm leaves, snow & ice, shells, clouds,
waves, ribs — these are some of the diverse elements that can be recognised in this remarkable
example of organic architecture (additive architecture, to use Utzon's term). Though
constructed 1959-1973 the building includes many features that are today recognised as
hallmarks of sustainable design.
The façade was built with precast concrete shell panels. Other materials used in the building
includes wood, granite, glass and plywood.
Facilities
I. Concert hall.
II. Dressing rooms.
III. Foyer.
IV. Drama theatre.
V. Drama theatre stage.
VI. Recording hall.
VII. Rehearsal room.
VIII. Library.
IX. Box office.
X. Opera theatre.
XI. Opera theatre lounge.
XII. Restaurant.
22
XIII. Stage.
Pictures
Plate 3.5: Front view of opera house

Source: commons.wikepedia.org
Plate 3.6: Side view of opera house

Source:trip.com
23
Figure 3.15: Section 1
Figure 3.16: Section 2

Plate 3.7: Views of the opera house

24
Plate 3.8: Interior view of the hall Plate 3.9: Interior view of the hall
Source: www.archdaily.com, 2011. Source: www.archdaily.com, 2011.
Appraisal
Merits
I. Good and pleasing landscape using organic architecture.
II. Aesthetically pleasing façade.
III. The shape of the auditorium is designed to enable effective sound production.
Demerits
I. Inadequate car parks.
II. Cost of construction is high.
Checklist
Table 3.0.2 showing some acoustic properties of the theatre and their ratings.

Size of opera house 1547 seats 
Shape Shell shape 

Material used for Plywood
wall and ceiling 
Material used for Plywood 
walls
Reverberation time 2 seconds 
25
Case Study Three (3): Harbin Opera House, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
Background
The history of this opera house began in 2010 when MAD won the open international
competition for Harbin Cultural Island, a master plan to build an opera house, a cultural
center in the midst of the wetlands along the Songhua River in Harbin, China. The proposal
of a sinuous opera house as the focal point of the Cultural Island caught the attention and
MAD was granted the project.
Ma Yansong wanted its snow-white structure to have a soothing aesthetic, in contrast to
modern landmark buildings in Chinese cities which are often towering and imposing. The
architect emphasized the building's integration to nature as an extension of surrounding
wetlands, waterways, and snowy terrain. The architect envisioned Harbin Opera House as a
cultural center of the future, a tremendous performance venue, as well as a dramatic public
space that embodies the integration of human, art and the city identity. Construction began in
April, 2011 and ended in 2015. The sinuous opera house is the focal point of the Cultural
Island, occupying a building area of approximately 850,000 square feet of the site’s 444
acres’ total area.
The opera house clad entirely in white aluminum panels swoops and curls against the bleak
landscape, at times resembling a thundering snow-drift and, at others, a hyper-stylized tented
yurt. This opera house is covered with white aluminum panels that fully blend with the
background when it snows. A detail that stands out in this lobby is the crystalline glass curtain
wall made of glass pyramids. Everything is a reference to the snow and the icy weather that
surrounds the construction.
On the exterior, the architecture references the sinuous landscape of the surrounding area. The
resulting curvilinear façade composed of smooth white aluminum panels becomes the poetry
26
of edge and surface, softness and sharpness. Presenting a warm and inviting element, the grand
theater is clad in rich wood, emulating a wooden block that has been gently eroded away.
Sculpted from Manchurian Ash, the wooden walls gently wrap around the main stage and
theater seating. From the proscenium to the mezzanine balcony the grand theater’s use of
simple materials and spatial configuration provides world-class acoustics. The grand theater is
illuminated in part by a subtle skylight that connects the audience to the exterior and the passing
of time.
Facilities
I. 1600 seats Grand theater
II. 400 seats Small theatre
III. Rehearsal room
IV. Dressing rooms
V. Plaza
VI. parking
Pictures
Figure 3.17: Map location

27
Plate 3.10: Ariel view showing landscape
Source: Google maps
Figure 3.18: First floor plan

28
Figure 3.19: Second floor plan Figure 3.20: Roof plan
Figure 3.21: Longitudinal section

Source:www.archdaily.com, 2011.
29
Figure 3.22: Transverse section
Source:www.archdaily.com, 2011.
Plate 3.11: Side view Plate 3.12: Interior view

Plate 3.13: Interior views showing materials used for good acoustics
30
Appraisal
Merits
I. The curved shape of the auditorium allows sound waves to reverberate.
II. Aesthetically pleasing façade
III. Nice landscape
Demerits
I. Inadequate car park
Checklist
PARAMETERS POOR FAIR EXCELLENT
Size 1600 seats 
Shape Curvilinear 
Material used Rich wood 
for wall
Material used Rich wood 
for floor
Reverberation 
time
31
Case Study Four (4): The National Theatre Orile, Iganmu, Lagos.
Background
The National Theatre is the primary centre for the performing arts in Nigeria designed by
Techno Exporstroy (Alhaji Sule Katagum). Its construction was completed in 1976 in
preparation for the Festival of Arts and Culture in 1977. The theatre which is about a half an
hour drive from Lagos Island, is one of the best masterpieces of Nigeria and a major Lagos
attraction with an auditorium that has the capacity to seat around 3,000 persons, and a
conference hall that can accommodate around 800 people. The hall is equipped with facilities
for simultaneous translation of 8 languages among others. The building also houses two cinema
halls, a restaurant and a bar. The National Theatre is the primary center for the performing arts
in Nigeria. The National Arts Theatre was built during the military regime of Olusegun
Obasanjo. Its exterior is shaped like a military hat. The National Arts Theatre was designed
and constructed by Bulgarian construction companies and resembles the Palace of Culture and
Sports in Varna, Bulgaria (completed in 1968), the National Arts Theatre Lagos being the
bigger of the two.
The National Theatre exterior was designed, shaped and built to look like a military hat. The
main materials used are concrete and glass.
Facilities
It originally has capacity for a 5,000-seater Main Hall with a collapsible stage, and two capacity
cinema halls, all of which are equipped with facilities for simultaneous translation of 8
languages; among others. Some of the spaces in the theatre are listed below:
i. Main auditorium- Theatre (about 3000 seats capacity)
ii. Conference/bouquet hall (about 1000 seats capacity)
32
iii. 2 Cinema halls (about 350 seats capacity each)
iv. Exhibition hall (about 1500 seats capacity)
v. Lobby
vi. Lawns
vii. Restaurants and bars
viii. Large car parks
ix. Police post
x. Gate house
xi. Generator house (1500kva and 2 400kva power generators)
Pictures
Figure 3.23: Floor plan of National Theatre

33
Plate 3.14: Front view Plate 3.15: Side view
Source: nairametrics.com, 2011 Source: nairametrics.com, 2011
Plate 3.16: Aerial view of the theatre.

Source: www.infoaboutcompanies.com, 2021.
Plate 3.17: Interior view of the theatre

34
Appraisal
Merits
I. There is proper layout of the site
II. Adequate ventilation and lighting at the Gallery
III. The approach of the building is architecturally celebrated
Demerits
I. No natural lighting and ventilation in the Auditorium
II. Poor maintenance of the building.
Checklist
Size 3000 seats 
Shape Curve 
Material used Concrete
for wall 
Material used Rug 
for floor
Reverberation 
time
35
Case Study Five (5): OAU Performing Arts Theatre, Ile-Ife, Osun.
Background
The theatre was designed by Arieh Sharon, a well-known Israeli architect in 1961. A 5,000
seaters’ capacity built alongside Oduduwa Hall at the centre of the university. Constructed
from 1972 to 1976, is the Core’s most flamboyant building. It has a dramatic shallow-steps
approach from the plaza. The theatre can house an audience of 3500. The theatre was
originally built as an open amphitheater but has now been covered with a roof.
Its exterior includes organic forms in white against a darker concrete. While this pattern is not
particularly Yoruba, it is pseudo-African in its abstraction, part of a limited intent to make the
architecture site-specific. Other Sharon inclusions, such as the concrete column and striated
surface treatments, are also intended as references to the ancient city that became the
university’s home.
Facilities
Some of the facilities available in the theatre includes:
i. 3500 seat theatre.
ii. Stage.
iii. Storage spaces.
iv. Electronics room.
v. Dressing rooms.
36
Pictures
Plate 3.18: Entrance view of the theatre

Plate 3.19: Front view of the theatre

Plate 3.20: Side view of the theatre

37
Plate 3.21: Back view of the theatre
Appraisal
Merits
i. The seats are arranged in a manner that enabled good sound production and receiving.
ii. Appropriate zoning of the spaces in the theatre.
Demerits
i. Poor maintenance of the building.
ii. The interior of the hall uses materials with poor acoustic properties.
Checklist
Table 3.5 showing some acoustic properties of the theatre and their ratings.
Size 3500 seat 
Shape Curve 
Material used Concrete 
for wall
Material for Concrete
floor 
Reverberation 
time
38
3.5 Deductions from Case studies
Local case studies
The methods used in achieving good acoustics came as an afterthought and were not
originally put in place during the design stage. This is evident in the use of rug for good
acoustics and the poor shape of the buildings.
International case studies
Acoustic engineers and consultants were part of the building team and therefore acoustics and
sound production were effectively designed and built.
The following are lessons gained from the cases studied:
1. The auditorium should welcome great number of people without obstructing their
conducive range of vision.
2. Circulation spaces should be smooth and free without any obstruction. Cross circulation
should be avoided in galleries and exhibition room.
3. Artificial lighting is best in the theatres.
4. The interior of the theatre should have a curved shape for good acoustics.
39
References
(n.d.). Retrieved from archdaily: www.archdaily.com
(2020). Retrieved from we build value digital magazine:
https://www.webuildvalue.com/en/infrastructure/guangzhou-opera-house.html
Oluigbo. (2010).
40

Chapter 3

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Chapter 3

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

OPERA HOUSE AND THEATRE, WUSE ABUJA:

ENHANCING ACOUSTIC PROPERTIES FOR EFFECTIVE SOUND PRODUCTION

BAMIGBOLA, LOVE OLUWASEUN

ARC (MRS). ADELABU

CHAPTER THREE ................................................................................................................. 4

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ....................................................................................... 5

3.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................... 5

3.2 Research Methodology ........................................................................................ 5

3.2.1 Types of Research methodology.......................................................................... 5

3.3 Sources of Data .................................................................................................... 6

3.3.1 Instruments of Data Collection ........................................................................... 7

3.3.2 Procedures for Data Collection ........................................................................... 7

3.4 Case Study Approach ........................................................................................... 8

3.4.1 Case Study Selection Criteria .............................................................................. 9

3.4.2 Analysis of Case studies ................................................................................... 10

3.5 Deductions from Case studies ............................................................................ 39

Figure 3.1: Map location .......................................................................................................... 13

Figure 3.2: Aerial Site Plan of Guangzhou Opera House ........................................................ 14

Figure 3.3: Site Plan of Guangzhou Opera House ................................................................... 15

Figure 3.9: North view of Guangzhou Opera House ............................................................... 18

Figure 3.10: East view of Guangzhou Opera House................................................................ 18

Figure 3.11: South view of Guangzhou Opera House ............................................................. 18

Figure 3.12: West view of Guangzhou Opera House .............................................................. 19

Figure 3.13: View showing cross section of opera house ........................................................ 19

Figure 3.14: View showing longitudinal section of opera house............................................. 19

Figure 3.15: Section 1 .............................................................................................................. 24

Figure 3.16: Section 2 .............................................................................................................. 24

Figure 3.17: Map location ........................................................................................................ 27

Figure 3.18: First floor plan ..................................................................................................... 28

Figure 3.21: Longitudinal section ............................................................................................ 29

Figure 3.22: Transverse section ............................................................................................... 30

Figure 3.23: Floor plan of National Theatre ............................................................................ 33

Plate 3.1: Guangzhou Opera House ......................................................................................... 13

Plate 3.2: Ariel view showing landscape ................................................................................. 14

Plate 3.3: Views of lobby and circulation space ...................................................................... 20

Plate 3.4 : Interior views of Guangzhou Opera House ............................................................ 20

Plate 3.5: Front view of opera house ....................................................................................... 23

Plate 3.6: Side view of opera house ......................................................................................... 23

Plate 3.7: Views of the opera house ......................................................................................... 24

Plate 3.10: Ariel view showing landscape ............................................................................... 28

Plate 3.11: Side view Plate 3.12: Interior view ............................................................... 30

Plate 3.14: Front view Plate 3.15: Side view ........................................................... 34

Plate 3.16: Aerial view of the theatre....................................................................................... 34

Plate 3.17: Interior view of the theatre..................................................................................... 34

Plate 3.18: Entrance view of the theatre .................................................................................. 37

Plate 3.19: Front view of the theatre ........................................................................................ 37

Plate 3.20: Side view of the theatre ......................................................................................... 37

Plate 3.21: Back view of the theatre ........................................................................................ 38

3.2 Research Methodology

a topic. Research methods are broadly classified as Qualitative and Quantitative.

3.2.1 Types of Research methodology

mathematical, or numerical analysis of data collected through polls, questionnaires, and

surveys, or by manipulating pre-existing statistical data using computational techniques.

people or to explain a particular phenomenon.

Types of quantitative methods include:

II. Descriptive Research

III. Experimental Research

IV. Correlational Research

concepts, opinions, or experiences. It can be used to gather in-depth understandings of a

Types of qualitative methods include:

II. Focus Groups

III. Ethnographic studies

IV. Text Analysis