Disciplines and

Ideas in the
Social Science
Quarter 1 – Module 3:
Historical Context of the
Emergence of Social Science
Disciplines
Disciplines and Ideas in the Social Sciences – Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 3: Historical Context of the Emergence of Social Science
Disciplines
First Edition, 2020

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Nicolas T. Capulong, PhD, CESO V Ronilo
AJ K. Firmo, PhD, CESO V Librada M.
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Darwin C. Alonzo
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 Disciplines and
Ideas in the
Social Sciences
Quarter 1 – Module 3:
Historical Context of the
Emergence of Social Science
Disciplines
Introductory Message

For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Disciplines and Ideas in the Social Sciences 11 Alternative

Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Historical Context of the Emergence of Social
Science Disciplines!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by

educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or
facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum
while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also
aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that will help

you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them
to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and
assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

For the learner:

Welcome to the Disciplines and Ideas in the Social Sciences 11 Alternative

Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Historical Context of the Emergence of Social
Science Disciplines!

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often
used to depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create
and accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a
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 This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an
active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

This will give you an idea of the skills or

What I Need to competencies you are expected to learn in
the module.
This part includes an activity that aims to
Know What I Know check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.
This is a brief drill or review to help you
What’s In
link the current lesson with the previous
one.
What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be
introduced to you in various ways such as
a story, a song, a poem, a problem opener,
an activity or a situation.
What is It This section provides a brief discussion of
the lesson. This aims to help you discover
and understand new concepts and skills.
What’s More
This comprises activities for independent
practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
What I Have Learned Key at the end of the module.
This includes questions or blank
What I Can Do sentence/paragraph to be filled in what
you learned from the lesson.
This section provides an activity which will
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This is a task which aims to evaluate your

Assessment level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.
In this portion, another activity will be
Additional given to you to enrich your knowledge or
skill of the lesson learned. This also tends
Activities Answer retention of learned concepts.
This contains answers to all activities in
Key the module.

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At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in

developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of
the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instructions carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
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If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not
alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

iv
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help
you master how social sciences emerge and how does it link to the natural sciences.
The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning situations.
The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons
are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which
you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.

The module have one lesson:

 Lesson 1 – Major Event and Contribution of Social Science Disciplines

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. explain the major events that led to the emergence of the social science
disciplines;
2. enumerate the contributions of social science disciplines; and
3. demonstrate the historical foundation of social science disciplines.

Lesson Major Event and Contribution of Social S

1
In the development of the history of science, the histories of the individual
scientific disciplines have played an enormously significant role. The goals and
functions of these have recently received considerable attention, both because of
the influence that such histories have had on the legitimacy and self-image of the
disciplines and also because of the adaptability that they have shown when faced
with the conceptual and methodological changes that they have undergone.

What’s In

Directions: List down the nine disciplines of social sciences on the first column
then briefly describes the functions on the next column. Use a separate bond paper.

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 DISCIPLINES OF
DESCRIPTION
SOCIAL SCIENCES

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 What’s New

Photo Analysis!

Direction: Based on the picture below, create a Venn diagram showing the
similarities and differences of the Gutierrez twins. Use a separate bond paper.

Raymond Richard

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 What is It

Just like an identical twin, the different disciplines of social science have
similarities despite of their differences.

According to Quexbook, 2018 Anthropology traces its roots to Ancient

Greek historical and philosophical writings about human nature and the
organization of human society.

According to Quexbook, 2018 The Modern Economics, which is still being

studied today, is the result of the efforts of ancient or Pre classical (384 B.C - 1776),
classical (1776 - 1871), Neoclassical (1871 - today) and Islamic Economists.

According to Quexbook, 2018 Some of the first truly geographical studies

occurred more than four thousand years ago. The main purpose of these early
investigations was to map features and places observed as explorers travelled to
new lands. At this time, Chinese, Egyptian, and Phoenician civilizations were
beginning to explore the places and spaces within and outside their homelands.
The earliest evidence of such explorations come from the archaeological discovery
of a Babylonian clay tablet map that dates back to 2300 BC.

According to Quexbook, 2018 People with a certain word choice, syntax, and
pronunciation are revealed to be members of a particular speech community; a
group of people who share social conventions about language use. Some features
are noticeable (salient) and are recognized within the community as having a
particular social meaning. Other features are sociolinguistic indicators that can be
associated with certain social characteristics. Different speech communities may
reflect subsets of the same language called dialects.

According to Quexbook, 2018 From the late 1950s to mid-1980s, works in

the history of Political Science stand out by their sheer rarity. Earlier political
scientists were rather (though not exceptionally) more historical in their
disciplinary self - understanding.
Wilhelm Wundt opened the first experimental laboratory in Psychology at the
University of Leipzig, Germany. Credited with establishing psychology as academic
discipline, Wundt’s students include Emil Kraepelin, James McKeen Cattell, and
G. Stanley Hall.

According to Quexbook, 2018 Although sociology has its roots in the works
of philosophers like Plato, Aristotle, and Confucius, it is a relatively new academic
discipline. It emerged in the early nineteenth century in response to the challenges
of modernity.

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 According to Quexbook, 2018 The Demographic Transition Model (DTM) is
based on historical population trends of two demographic characteristics - birth
rate and death rate - to suggest that a country’s total population growth rate cycles
through stages as that country develops economically.

Founder of Different Disciplines

1. Anthropology: Edward Burnett Taylor (1832 - 1917)

According to Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, 2004
 English cultural anthropologist
 First to hold the chair in the subject at Oxford University in the UK in 1896
 Coined the term “culture”
 Wrote “Researches into the Early History of Mankind and the Development of
Civilization"

2. History: Herodotus (484 B.C - 425 B.C) According to Mark, 2018

 Greek Historian
 Treated historical subjects as a method of investigation
 Collected historical materials systematically and critically and arranged
them into a historical narrative.
 Wrote “Histories” which is the record of ancient traditions and culture of
Greece, Asia and Africa

3. Economics: Adam Smith (1723 - 1790) According to Butler, 2016

 Founder of Classical School
 Constructed an explanation on how social behavior is regulated
 Saw a world where each person sought their own self - interest but was
constrained by morality, markets and government
 Wrote “Wealth of the Nations” in 1776

4. Geography: Eratosthenes (276 B.C - 194 B.C) According to Russell, 2017

 Greek geographer
 Became chief librarian at the Library of Alexandria
 Accepted the concept that the Earth is round and calculated its
circumference to within 0.5 percent accuracy
 Described the known areas of the world and divided the earth into five
climatic regions
 Prepared the earliest maps of the known world

5. Linguistic: Ferdinand de Saussure (1857 - 1913) According to Mambrol, 2018

 Swiss linguist
 Posited that linguistic form is arbitrary and therefore that all languages
function in a similar fashion
 Published “Memoire sur le systeme primitifdes voyelles dans les langues
indo-europeenes.”

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6. Political Science: Aristotle (384 - 322 B.C) According to Neonatal, 2016
 Political scientist
 Laid down the foundation of governance and leadership
 He said “man by nature is a political animal”.
 He wrote “The Politics”.

7. Psychology: Wilhelm Wundt (1832 - 1920) According to McLeod, 2008

 German Psychologist
 Opened the Institute for Experimental Psychology at the University of Leipzig
in Germany in 1879
 Trained Psychology students to make observations that were biased by
personal interpretation or previous experience and used the results to
develop a theory of conscious thought
 Wrote “Principles of Physiological Psychology.”

8. Sociology: Auguste Comte (1798 - 1857) According to Lyudmila, 2000

 French sociologist
 Coined the term “sociology”
 Advocated the application of scientific method to social life and positivism.
 Wrote “Cours de Philosophie Positive” published from 1830 - 1842 in five
volumes.

9. Demography

Table 1: Historical Foundation of Each Discipline

Discipline Historical Foundation

 Traces its roots from natural history which is the
Anthropology study of plants, animals and humans with reference
to their history and native environment.
 The discovery and contact to new civilizations by
European explorers and colonizers led to curiosity
and questions of who these people are, who their
ancestors were, how they are related to other people
in other places, what makes them distinct, what
similarities they share with the rest, how they
conduct their way of life, and what culture they have
in terms of knowledge they possess, their beliefs,
technology that have, etc.
 It was in 19th century that the discipline began its
formative years as a social science.

 Through the Medieval and Renaissance periods,

History History was often studied through a sacred or
religious perspective.
 In the 20th century, academic historians focused less

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 on epic nationalistic narratives, which often tended
to glorify the nation or great men, to more objective
and complex analyses of social and intellectual
forces.
 Recently, the field of digital history has begun to
address ways of using computer technology to pose
new questions to historical data and generate digital
scholarships.

 It was not considered a separate discipline until the

nineteenth century
Economics  Greeks examined wealth accumulation and inquiries
on whether property should be in the hands of
private or public institutions.
 In medieval times (Middle Ages - 5 th to 15th century),
scholars argued that it was a moral obligations of
business to sell goods at a just price.
 Changes in economic thought have always
accompanied changes in the economy, just as
changes in economic thought can propel change in
economic policy.

 People engaged in the study of geography because it

satisfies their natural curiosity about foreign places
Geography and different ways of life.
 The Ancient Greeks made the first contribution to
the subject through measuring the earth using grids
of meridians.

 It was the old Babylon who first created linguistics

texts called Sumerian.
Linguistic  Hindus also created text called Vedas.
 The formal study of language began in India
 It started with the formulation of 3,959 rules of
Sanskrit morphology.
 Early interest in language in the West was a part of
Philosophy, not a grammatical description.

 It was once part of the many related fields of study

like history, philosophy, law and economics.
Political Science  The theoretical and practical study of the state and
the politics began way back to the time of the
Ancient Greeks, about 500 - 300 B.C
 The chieftain who headed a village was chosen from

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 the ranks of leaders with the power to make laws,
judge and execute laws.
 The chiefdom become a state

Psychology  It has its roots in Ancient Greek Philosophy such as

epistemology, metaphysics, religion and oriental
philosophy.
 Over the centuries, psychology and physiology
became increasingly separated resulting to the two
conceptions of psychology that is phenomenological
(experimental) and mechanistic (physiological).

Sociology  The intellectual, scientific and industrial revolutions

which happened in Europe in the middle of the 19th
century led to the development of Sociology.
 The intellectual revolution opened new perspective in
society which offered the people new principles,
ideals, and beliefs changing their outlook in life and
the way they perceive themselves, their environment
and relations with fellow men.
 The revolutions in Europe brought rapid and radical
changes which resulted to social problems, issues
and social unrest prompting some individual to
direct their attention and investigation of social
phenomena.

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 What’s More

Independent Activity 1

Word Hunt!

Direction: Find the following words in the word hunt below and prepare two to
three-word association synonym for each word. Use a separate bond paper.

Age Dialects Indicator Social Science

Class Development Policy Water
Colony Filipino Poverty Values
Community Gender Power Women
Conflict Globe Society

List Down here the Associate Synonyms of each Word:

e.g Community – group

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Independent Assessment 1

Matching Type: Match the following social science disciplines from column A to
their proponent in column B. Write your answer on a separate paper.

Answers A. B.
1. Anthropology a. Adam Smith
2. Demography b. Aristotle
3. Economics c. Auguste Comte
4. Geography d. Charles Darwin
5. History e. Edward Burnett Taylor
6. Linguistics f. Eratosthenes
7. Political Science g. Ferdinand de Saussure
8. Psychology h. Herodotus
9. Sociology i. Machiavelli
10. Modern Political Science j. Sigmund Freud
k. Rene Descartes
l. Wilhelm Wundt

Independent Activity 2

Directions: Think of a very memorable experience you had. Choose one social
science discipline that had a big influence on you that led to the significant
decision you made for that experience. Do this on the separate paper.

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Independent Activity 3

Directions: Compose a time graph that contains your learning and insight about
the contributions of social science disciplines that led to its emergence. Use a
separate bond paper.

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 What I Have Learned

Direction: Create your own concept map that explains the major events and its
contributions that led to the emergence of the social science disciplines. Do this a
separate bond paper.

16
 What I Can Do

Poster Making!

Directions: Cite one social phenomenon/problem, then choose at least three social
science disciplines that can help you understand the social phenomenon/problem.
Use a separate paper.

Additional Activities

Under Pressure!

Direction: Read the scenario below and answer the questions that follow using the
worksheet as your guide. Use a separate paper for your answer.

Here is the scenario. You are on your way to an important job interview that
is given only to shortlisted applicants which includes you. You have waited long for
this job interview and prepared for it. To miss the interview is to miss a very good
chance at a job opportunity that you have dreamed of since you were a kid. You are

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very excited and hopeful that you will get the job. You are on your way to the job
interview when suddenly you received a call from your younger brother/sister
asking for your help. Your brother/sister seems confused and sounds unintelligible
over the phone, and you are worried! To add to your dilemma, your brother/sister
is a person with disability (PWD).

Your questions are: what will you do? Would you rush to your sister/brother
and forget about the job interview? Or would you ignore the distress call and
proceed to the interview and pretend you never received it? Or do you have any
other options?

To help you answer the questions, please fill out the worksheet (Under
Pressure) below. Each quadrant (A, B, C and D) represents a situation wherein you
need to assess your options (strategies and alternatives) and make a choice or
decision (action). Analyze and write the advantages (benefits) and disadvantages
(risks or costs) of each pair of options in each quadrant. Make sure that you also
analyze the implications of each option to your preferences, and ultimately, to your
goal. Once you complete the table, you should be able to make a choice or decision.

Proceed to the Job Not Proceed to the

Interview Interview
A B
Rush to your
sister/brother
C D
Do not rush to your
sister/brother

Did you make the same choice or decision? Why or

why not?
Processing Question

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19
References

Banaag,Lee Mark T.Socio Anthro;An Interdisciplinary Approach to the Study and

Culture.Mandaluyong City;Books Atbp.Publishing Corp. 2012.

Bernardez, Edisteo B. and Rowena T. Ulalan. Introduction to Linguistics. Malabon

City: Jimczyville Publications. 2013.

Economic and social research council. Retrieved July 18, 2016 at

www.esrc.ac.uk/about-us/what-is-social-science.

Gigante - Labiste, Maria Caridad and Tumoroh Caridad and Tumoroh Carin
Brazalote.General Psychology. Mandaluyong City: Books Atbp. Publishing
Corp. 2011.

Kendra Cherry Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD Updated on January

05,2020.MajorSchoolsofThoughtinPsychology,https://www.verywellmind.co
m/psychologyschoolsofthought2795247.https://www.slideshare.net/ChenW
eiJiang/1-chapter-1introduction.

Leaň o, Roman D .And Ronald M.Corpuz.Fundamental of Economics.Mania:

Mindshaper Co.,Inc 2012.)

Mortel, Honorardo M. et al.The Basics of Political Science. Manila: Innovative

Educational Materials, Inc. 2003.

San Juan, Wilfredo R. and Ma. Luz J. Centeno. General Sociology with Anthropology
and Family Planning. Mandaluyong City: Books Atbp. Publishing Corp.2011

Sagmit Rosario S.and Nora N. Soriano.Geography in the Changing

World.Quezon:Rex Printing Company,Inc. 1999.

Mark,Joshua J. published on 27 March 2018 https://www.ancient.eu/herodotus/

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