Science 5 Reviewer © Sound travels on a longitudinal wave * When an object vibrates, it causes movement in surrounding molecules. Sound travels by pushing the particles of a substance. * Sound travels on any solid, liquid or gas medium. * Sound travels through solids faster and travels the slowest through gas Amplitude is manifested in the loudness of a sound. The higher the amplitude the louder the sound. * Frequency is manifested in the pitch of a sound. The higher the frequency, the higher the pitch. © When a sound hits a hard surface, it is reflected back and can be heard with a short delay. This is known as an echo.* Conduction transfers heat via direct contact © Convection transfers heat via the movement ofa fluid, such as air or water and it occurs within liquids and gases only. © Radiation is a mode of heat transfer that occur through electromagnetic waves without involving any medium or molecules. ¢ dark-colored materials absorb more heat from the sun than it reflects. conduction convection Von 7g pen SS Saar radiation -Ofsun sigs gS (dtSeries vs Parallel Circuits © Aseries circuit has only one path for the current. Ina series circuit, the available electric current flows through each bulb. There is only one complete circuit. A parallel circuit has two or more paths for the current to flow through. Ina parallel circuit, there are as many complete circuits as there are appliances connected.Weathering Different Agents of Weathering Wind _- As the wind blows it picks up small particles of sand or sediment and blasts large rocks with the abrasive particles, cutting and shaping the rock. Water ~ Waves from the sea can break rocks by crashing against it. Rocks tend to bump into each other and breaks into smaller pieces. Crashing waves cause the unique forms of cliffs and caves along the coasts. Temperature ~- High temperatures can cause rocks to expand and low temperatures can cause rocks to contract. In hot places like the desert, rocks absorb the heat and expand. Animals - Animals that burrow into rock fragments can move the surface. They expose additional rock making it more susceptible to weathering. Plants - The roots of trees and plants can grow within the cracks of a rock formation. When the roots grow, it pushes the cracks. This causes the cracks to open wider. As time passes, the roots break the rock apart.Important Concept to Remember: © Over-grazing occurs when animals are allowed to eat on the same field repeatedly. This may cause damage to plants and makes soil vulnerable to erosion. ¢ Deforestation happens when the land covers are destroyed by removing trees and vegetation. * Erosion is a continuous natural process of carrying rock fragments and soil from one place to another © The stronger and the longer a place receives rain, the greater erosion it may experience. * Gravity/mass movement pulls rock and soil particles fall down a slope. Landforms like tall mountain range act as an obstacle to traveling air masses, forcing them to rise over the peaks.A tropical cyclone is likely to dissolve or decrease its wind speed when it passes over a mountain or a mountain range. For a typhoon to form, it requires a lot of warm, moist air evaporating from the ocean surface. Warm air builds up and increases the speed of a tropical cyclone. One effect of Tropical cyclone is it brings an unusual rise of seawater and this is called storm surge. PAGASA is a Philippine national institution dedicated to provide flood and typhoon warnings, public weather forecasts and advisories. Planetary Nebula is the stage in the life cycle of star wherein the outer layers of the stars are expelled. It has a ring shape that is composed of gases. Blue is the color of the hottest star. Constellation is a set of stars that are imagined forming objects or creatures in the night sky. Asterism is a pattern of stars which is a smaller unit of a constellation Cancer is a constellation can be found between Leo and Gemini. The stars are seen forming an inverted “Y”. Phases of the moon @@000090Phases of the moon x 2 3 4 5 6 ? 8 New Waxing First Waxing == Full Waning = Last. «= Waning Moon Crescent = Quarter = Gibbons. ©» Moon = Gibbous. Quarter. Crescent Myths about moon and stars 1, The Moon has no gravity. 2.The supermoon eclipse calls for the end of the world. 3. The Moon controls fertility. 4. Full moons make you crazy 1,Position of the stars determine rainfall. 2. Presence of stars causes poor harvest or drought. 3. Make a Wish upon a seeing a shooting star