Wo+er Qt. :ı.ro k.Po. wi4-~ X: 1.0 i.s eo;v,pr~s~d in o pl.sfol')-c.

:;1li~dıu­

+o 1 HPQ Of\d 2,0°c in Q reu~ible.. -p,ouı.ss . "find ...ıı..e .si9n of- h work._Ord

-t~e sf9n {or ~e hea+ 4-rons.fcr.

.5olu+ıon:
G) ı5ele.c.+iorı of- ..J¼e c.orı-trol voluMe. : ..
Wo.+<l-• 1/\ k de.\Jic.e

1 ~ [E
2 1
@ A.ss(.AMpt-iO'ıS: Closed. Sl(Sttrvı
Qua.sı-~u;librium frOcRS.S
N'2.B tt·B (bl~ KE / PE

ccns . d- l'V\OSS : m,=rnz.=m

o o
Q.
l '2
-w
ı:.ı. = LlU -t ~ 9"'
A,1:t +

o
Q-Wb-~ = m(u2 -u,)
12.. ıı 1'2...

2nd. Lo LV O+- +he.rvv,odynO(Yl ic. s :

~Qf\ =- f'I\ (sı. -s,) + Qsorr
ız T~urr-

Re,vQ.~ible ıp,oc.Q.5s -4 S 9<2n = O

ıı.

rrı ( ın, -5, J + _Q_.su_rr_ =- O

ı.sur,

@) 5t0k"e.. onal'f si.s:

s+c+Q. G) ~o+e.(y
'i'1 : :lct:J lf>Q l .·. .SO~r-a-led voror ?2=-i ı4PQ l .·. 5u~lı\eo.+ed
vop'->r
x,= -<.o J 7j = 120. 2 ö • C T 2 =2c;n·c l U2 = 2"t09. S ı ~T/9
u,-::: 2 t;" .2.9. 4'3 ıc-r /~
S2. = 6. 92 q 6 l::.'J/~ K
61 = -=t, 1'2.~1 kT/~ K
lfı. = O. 23268 M /9
1

lfı = Ü, ~311'3 3
M /~

.. u2 )u 1 , s2 <s.:1. ond

2
© Ca\cu \Q·H·o ns :
Q~urr
Con.sider- +he2.. ö ~cnnd. lavJ ; m ( ıS 2. -s,') + - - - = O
T<Sur-r
'--v--
SkC>Uld b e ( + )

ı.sun··) O a l wQ~S,
So I Q.surr ') O
~ = -Q .sur-r , -""<2n Q<O
l
2.
ı :2.

Now, c.on.sidQr -\-he -Ar<S+ \aw:

._..,...__
(-)
'K.eo.rrOl"\gi~ ~ +erMs: Q- m Cu 2 -U 1) =: Wb
12.

(-)
: . Tue t>i9n °"' W
,2
'ıs ne9a+ive.

Th.e s, 9ns o+ ~ and w\2..

corı be sh ot.0 rı i('\ <pro ~'1 d.ı:09ro<Y1 s .

f T
T ,t...
~o.
/\
"'41~
w~(o
i9 1ı.

lf,. ı.r,
'2.

Wb
t 2.
-=mf ?
1
"u Q ~ nı f
l.

T ds
12 l

12.

:. Q
12.,
<o
'vro6\Qrn B. 4Q ( ~~ Qc:iA+i°" 'ı

-1 ~9 of OMrvıorıio i0 a -pi.stoıı Cj l.indQ..r et 'ıJ°C orıd 10:x) S::.'Po. i.s e.ı<pcmdQ.d

İf"\ o reve,sible <8ob:>,ic. -proce.ss -+-o 140°C . t=irıd 4e. UJnr'ı:::_ 0ınd.. lA.'2...ci -tr--D.("ı~0.

© cSele.cA-ion oÇ C.V ; AMMO'\iO.. irı +~ dQ_u(ce.

Ctosed. 81.f.S+eıvı

Evuosi -e.9uı\ib,iuM ?roc.e.ss

1 2
Net3 li~ ble. KE, 'Pf

Q - 'P(v2 -V,) = m (uz-u,)

1:2.

~ - f' m (v--z.-Uı J :=: m ( u-z_-Uı )

@ 8+0-tE. onol~ si.S ·.

st-o~@ ~to.~®
"P, = 1000 k.Pq L vopor '?2.. = \OCY.) l::..fq
: • .5.-<~e.c::ü-ed
vof'or
•ı = ı,o 0
c ~ lfj = O.l4459 r.-?/'ıt.a T,::: l4o'OC Lfz_: O. f 9,413 r,,,?'f ~
u1 -= -f 3 91 , 3 l::J/t-:..9 u2 = l'ıl>'1. 8 k:.."J"/~
~ C..o\CMla..-l:-\oı\S :
w == wb = ? m (\.T-z.-Ui) -= -10~. i_ _( o.19ı;-4;
_ _ _
- o. 14499)
_ - __
12. 12..
-:J<>-
= '1O.46 k.::r ,c#
ı- ~~

Q - wb -t rY\ Cu2-u,) ~ = rvı , (orea)

12. ıı
'
_ 10 . 4 & + .:i ( l'ıb6. g - l 39l. 3 )r Sı Sı.
r
J.f corı~Ol'\ t 'P lin~ ·,~ o .s+n::ı i5l.-ı \ i "'2..
22Ef. 96 ıc.:r
f-,ON'\ -i to 2, -¼-he.. oreq Und.Qr ~ is

areQ = T, +Tz. (.sz.-sı)

2

Tuen, Q = M. T, + Tz. ( .Sz. -Sı) = 2.2-=1.4 cr

12. 2-

8
 A ?•storı c3lind Qr corı+oln.s ,uJO.t~r o:t 3 HPo. w,+n . X= o .t:; uJV\e.re V: 2.0 L.
The. wo+e r r\Ow <2.)(pands +o L.2 H.'Pa as a resul+ of. receiu
in9 600 ~y

of he.o+ fr-om Q \or9'2. sou..rce. of 3t():>C . I+ l.s dai evıed -ti-ıo+ ft...e.. wote r doe.s
12 4 k.J"' oÇ w or k cl.u ,- i rı.9 f~ is p ,oc..Q~ . l.s -H-ı t.s fo.5.S·ı bl ~ ?
Solu-r- (on:
6J .Se..\e..e.-+ron o.Ç' C.V: Wot-e. r in -ı~ dQ'I ice..

@ A-ssUN'f>-H on0: C.lose d .st.p+errı

Q00.s i- equili briuM proc..e.ss
1 2 Ne9li 9ible kE, ?E

® --P~ysi ca..t loul.S : cons. of- rYto.ss: rYl 1 = m2.. = rn o

o o
Cons. of en~u
0
: Q - Wb
iZ.
1.2..
\Al6_e, =
_/4vı·ı /14
.LılJ + LJ.~' ~t ::,µre+-

Q -Wb =- m Cu2 -u,)

12. 12.

2nd Low: Ssen _ m

( Sz. -s, ) Qsurr
+ -T- -
ı2. -
~rr
G) .5+ct t anQ\y si.s·.

.S+ote © 5ta+e ®
.·. SQ,tur o.ted li(r vap,Mix .
1't = 3 HPQ ( 'P2.::: L2. H PQ
= 23'3. 9°c
x, = o.z;- 1 Tı
\fj = 0. 0 ~394'3 M-:l /J'-9 W~ ~ o. . s ~ inde.~ ole.m:
p,o ~ +o ~'ı( ~ J'\-Q-\-e. ı_
u, =- 1304. 43ic"J/½
s1 = 4.4 l 62Z, k.'J /~K
0 02
m=rn ,=:!J _= o.· 0?,394 5 =O . li'S9k
~
<Jj

W hen w<2.. co,si dQ.r .+he. e_rv1.r9'1 conser vo\:-iQ f°' e9uo+ ion, we. .see. -\kat-
-tV\~ O<'\\~ urı\u\ov..>v""ı j~ -l¼e. 1'11~t'\ O-l energ'-j of- .s1-ol-€. 2.. 1 -ft.ı.a+ is U2..

R_-Yi b :::: M (uı_ -u,) -4 600 - 12-4 = 0. '18.9 ( U:ı.. - 18D4. 43)
U.2. = 26 12. 39 k.T I½ ~ Now, we. corı -Ax
ıSt-o+~ 2..
sto~ ®

10
@ Co\cu.\a+l ons
N0t,0, l~-+',) chea_ if --\{Ai.s cQ.5e. so.-li.s~ e.s +he. 2nd. Low:
Qsurr
5 9en = m ( .s2 -s, ) +
•~ To
\ - 600
- 0.',89 ( 6. 'i'iS9ı - 4.41621 J +---
3D0+ 2-=13
~ 0.233 kJ/K) 0

,'. -1lı\i .s proc.es..s i~ fo.s.sib\Q. \.

Q - W ~ L1ıJ ~ 600-124 = 4U
/2. 12
>O
T
T lAi..s d.A o9rom SY\.Ou).S ~

4-emf>Q.rO. +ure do'2..Sf'I 1+ ne. cessari ly

if'\Crrose be.caı.A,.Se_ ot- --\-he2.. L'\e..a¾-- -k-oııs +-er.
r'roblern ı. 9'ı ( 6-th erutıon)
3
A plston ~linder C()(")to..i'"'s oir o-t 1 ~~O K and l'ı H?Q wc-th V 1 = lO cm. .

ond AC4f 1 = ı,- c..tv..2. Th e.. pist-on is r-Q.\e..o.sed ond dust be.f'o~ ~~ p i.Ston

exi+s -+he. e..nd of -+h~ qlif'ld.Q.r; 'P2::200 k..'Pa. lt ~ ~ li rıder is İ/"\suloted..,

WV\ô.-"t" i.s it.s le.rıe+h? How rYIUC.1-\ wo~ İ.5 d<Y\e. b./ -k. CM, ins ide..~

5olu-koo:
© s~. h~.c~iorı o.Ç Ol: The_ o..i, irı -h de.JJ(c.e_

® Assurnp+-ions : - C..lrue:::l Slf..5feM

- Cvua~i- st€ady proc.e . u
- .Af r- 1.) on id.e_q{_ 905
Cv (T), Cp (ı)
N<.23-li~bl~ KE, R;°

'Rev~i ble_ f>r-OCesJ@

@) 'P h lf .si co.L lo 4-J.S :

irı~lqkd

- wb := f'n Cu2. -u 1)
12 O

2ııd low ~ 53Qfl :::: fY\ (.s?.-s,) 1- Q~

12 ~
@ ~ OnQl\{slJ:

sto\-e(j;
1deo 1- 9a.s re leli on:
1', = LC, }-f \'q
'P. v, l'ı 000 · 10- 10-b -4
m1=m= - - - - - - - = 3_-:;g-:; ·/O ~
T, = 1'380 K RTı O. 28T · t '350
V1 = lO crr? .= 10. lO_, rv..3

üro\-~ ®
'P2. = 2,.(T.) l:J'o
WtL "e.e.d a se.corıd i~fe'\d.Q/\-t !fJ,~is i..s -po.s..sıble. bl( ossuıyıinc5
-prop~ -h:> ,A ıc -ık. sto..k 1 ~o.t ~ f ' ~ 1~ r-e.~sı"bfQ__ !

Then 5 gerı = O ~ S.2.. -s, =0

1 l ı.
P2. = 200 l?o. L
.S:ı. = s, \
-= '6.,1 /'f t 0_28-=t in - -
..2.oQ
( s, 0 -, f1'"'0rY\ A .7. 1
Tobl e,..
1,o oQ i" +erfOLo ce.d )

=- -=,.. 212.1 k0 / tt3K

0

--tound .from ...j.k ~c.+ +L:a.t :5z_ 1:) := s (T.2.)

Th ~) T2.., C00 b<c._

Tro m Tob\e. it-, 7, \

1 ."Z-=124 - 1,-Z ,60~

~ T2 =- 447 .2 K
-:,, ~14 2 -1.2 ,6o =t

Sim i lorl j, LJ,2. carı oe. -f.ound- a..s

----4 U:z_ =. 320 . 9 2 ~J/ ts

330 .31- 31ı,64 46'0 -44 0

T2 'Pı 441 . 2. ı,oro 3

Y2 = V1 - - ::- 10 - - - - - - -::: 243 c.rYl
'İ 1':z.. 1 380 .200

Vı. .24.3
L2 = - - = 48. 6cm
ı;-
A-~ı

Wb = m (u, -u~ ) = ~.'=l-& 1 - ıo-

4
(109,.23ı - 320 .92 )
12.
=- 0.2 .93 k"J",...
t'robl'2 m S .1 Oi ( 6+Lt ed.i+-ion)

\ıJe W\5l-t -+u o6+o.ir) o .suppl~ of cold !AeJium 30s bf O'fpl\fı'~ ¼e

f'ollow,n.9 +ec~~ique... t/ Q.ltu/Yl o:n+aine..d İ f\ Q ce l ırıde.r at 0Mbi€ı\.+ card..c"tı'o<1.5,

l oo k..?a. and 2.o·c, i~ coı'Y\fre.s..s e.ol ·, ıı a rever.sible. i.s~€n'Y\.cl . -prô02.ss +o

ç;oo ~?a I a..f+er w!Aic.n -\he.. 90.s is e»<:parı.de.d boc.k.. +o coo t.'Pc irı. Q

rev~ible . Q d iaba.+ic. proc..e..sJ .

o) S h.Q..ı.) "ihe__ f r oc.esJ Of' o T - s cl.i ç;ıB raM

b} Colcu. lo l-e. ~e. f{f\ai +e.rnpe.ro+ure o nd ~e. "'e-+ uX>r-k:. p'2.r k-. l ogroM

o+ Heliv.m.

Soıı.).+ioA ·.
© &-le..c..+ion of ev : H-e.l iurvı i" h device...

® A .ssu~p-h otı .s: Cl ose.d S'-fs+eM

Q u.o.si - e9uilibriur,-ı proc...e.s.s

He i s o ('\ ı' d e_aı. 90.s
Cv :: con..s+ Cp ::: cott.St

Ne.8\;~-ble ı<f, Pf
Reversibl e. rroc.es;

W 'P""~sic..o.L Lo.ws·. COr>~- of- MOS.S: fYı I :=- Mz. =:- M 3 := Ml

o o o
C0(\5 . ot- ~ ; Q - \N1o -W,/4e, =- t1U t yı---t
A ~ -t ~f,
/ -H
13 1; ~ - --..
2nd. Low : 5gen = m ( .:s _4 ) ;- Qsurr
@ Sf-ok 00ol~si.s : 1; 6 To

Sf-o.+e.. © 01Q-½e @ -St~~

'Pı =- 1(X) k.?q 1'ı..
= Goo l 'Pq '?3:: 1oo lı::.l>G\

Tı = .2.0°C T2. = ..2.0°c '5

3 : .S2,. ( r~..ve.rslb le. -+ cd,i ~ c.)
i.5'?11.+n:> p ıc..

G) Co.levt.lo+i ons :

1>,V, 'P2. Yı. ( ı.y::r\-hlfTY'o.l pro~ .ss ~ r Q'1 ide.Q.I

= ~ ?, V, : : : 'P2 Vz. = C 9as)
J(y( R'Tj
-ı..

l d; - c ın Y:!:.v,
ı. 1
'Pı V ı ın l ::: mRT, il\~
W =
12.
f PdV -- f PV dVV - C -:: :.
1'2.. 'Pz.
1 1 1
w ::: W, = R1 \ 1n _'Pı
iZ NI Y2
100
= ( 2 . D~~I') (20 + Z=t3J ln bDO

::: - l 090. 41ı ~J lk.9

~
0

w -:::.-(U3 - Uz.) + / ( r-" vers ible_ -t adi o loa+i c. t5e,,-l.--op ;c.)

23 ~
(\.s(!ıt+.opk.. -proc..es.5 (-o, Qı'\ ı~ol so..s)
y, =- CQ('ls-\ Cv = CO"'s-i

J., ~-1
T"l =tr1 ) T w\ı\Qr('.. 1::. = t .(;,{,-::;.
T-z. ~ P2.

ThE1', 13 -:: \ 4 3 · O -' K ( ti Ao.,l. +em~~)

-= '3,. \1 (, ( 293- )<qJ · 0 ~ )

= 4G"t-, 2 k.T /k:9

W-W"t-
13 1ı..
w -:: - 10 90.4
'2..3
-t 4,-=t .2.. == - b2.3 . 2. w/ı,,,.,. o .

2nd. fYt~d: (~r +he. colc.ulo. ~iQ0 o+- W.,}

9 - W -=- L½_-U 1 = Cv (Tz. -Tı ) ..::: 0 -4 'f-=- w
l'l 12. l'l. l2..
-z.
9re.v
= ) T Js -::: T (s2 -s,)
12 1 o
::: T ( Cp . _/4" - R. ln ~ )
~=t Pı
-= R1i ln .1_ :: - 1090. 4 k-J / ~
'Pı.