Name: DE PADUA, CRESELDA A.

Date: March 27, 2023

Section: G4L

Guide Questions:

1. What are the top 3 most prevalent weed species observed? What are the factors that
may contribute to the dominance of these weed species?
 The three (3) most dominant weed species according to the computed SDR
were Cleome rutidosperma, Commelina benghalensis, and Rottboellia
cochinchinensis. The three most dominant weed species are dryland
inhabitant, and the place where we were able to collect them was a dryland;
the environment made is favorable for the weed species to thrive. The soil
condition (dry) and the monocropping technique used were also factors of
spreading / dominance of these weeds.

2. What could be the relevance of the data gathered from quadrat sampling in
managing weed pests in the field?
 If the goal is to manage the weeds, sampling and mapping gives valuable
information on what IPM tactics to be use and when to use them. Data from
sampling may give understanding of the species composition of an area or
gaining information in order to make management decisions.

3. What is the most dominant insect order and type collected from the field? Relate it to
the phenological stage of mung beans?
 The most dominant insect order id the order Diptera and the mouthparts of
the adults may be sucking, piercing-sucking, or sponging. These insects
cause damages most especially on seedlings (vegetative stage) by tunneling
on stems, damaging the vascular tissues of the plants, reducing the plant
vigor. On the reproductive stage, mungbeans are at greatest risk from pod-
sucking bugs from early pod fill until late pod ripening. Once crops reach
flowering, larvae focus on buds, flowers and pods. Small pods may be totally
consumed, but larvae target the seeds in large pods.

4. Do you expect to collect more or less insects at an earlier stage of mungbean? How
about during the late stage?
 No, I did not expect to collect more insects on the earlier stage of the said
crop, instead I expect to collect more insects during the late stage because of
the pods that it will bear will attract more insect pests.

5. What is the most dominant disease symptom observed? Relate it to the phenological
stage of mungbean?
 The most dominant disease symptom, based on our observation, is the leaf
spot. The mungbeans were on the vegetative stage, some were observed to
 be in the early reproductive stage and the leaves were already well-
developed in these stages, and were prone to the symptom.

6. Why is the importance of performing serial dilution for assessing the presence of
microbial population?
 The objective of the serial dilution method is to estimate the concentration
(number of colonies, organisms, bacteria, or viruses) of an unknown sample
by counting the number of colonies cultured from serial dilutions of the
sample, and then back track the measured counts to the unknown
concentration. A bacterial culture and many other samples usually contain too
many cells to be counted directly. Thus, in order to obtain plates, which are
not hopelessly overgrown with colonies, it is often necessary to dilute the
sample and spread measured amounts of the diluted sample on plates.

7. Calculate the percentage injury of the following diseases. Show your complete
computation. Round off the values to the nearest 2 decimal places.

Disease Percent Injury Disease Percent

Injury
Corn leaf rust 24% Corn smut 22.5%

Corn leaf spot 24.25% Ear rot 32.5%

Sheath blight 35% Corn downy mildew 20%

Bacterial stalk rot 30% Corn mosaic 15%