Z096 - 16 Bit Microprocessot- + Features of 3086 = @ 9096 isa 16-bit Processor. the erm \6-bit_means4 | — it's Arithmetic logic Unit Caww>, internal register U4 | — mast of it's instructions —cixe design to work with | eee pinaeytoords.. go%e has_ie-bid data _bus._so_it Can be aead ss vom or_triie data to memory {Ports either tig bit or B= biota dime 086 has 20-bit address bus So it Can divectly Wl ocess 9 © = 4 048/976 Cima) memoey- Location ____J o8_Can_genexate lg-hit Tnput address. hence 14 : eas 9'¢- E5536 Tre Ports. = “zl 5G 8026 provides Ih, 16. bid register ____ = 1 @ 908% has muitiplex address databu's caliteh xedu-} tee the no-of Pin needed but slow down the txa- gn_4o operate “ta 4ie- miedes 4 FO mitimum— @ maximum — . multi Prog romming _=y s ae s up to 6 instruction bites from memoey 4 eStores them —ia order bo aoe up inst—__ofexoads— 7 [= Fass a2, 2 +3086 Inteenal block diagram * $oge pinehbner aye Par ___éeparate functianal Unit — ru -(Bus interface) i. 1 a Unit = thie twe functional nit Can work Simultaneous 4: increase System speed and hence thar ough Put Cmeasite the ne of instruction eyecuted Per ie ——__Unit time ) t are oe ss xface _\init ig interface Jo the out Side worid.eS # — = ip Provide 16-bit —ubidigec tional. databus £2 20: ne addaess- bug — ithe bus—interface Unit is responsible er Pex. 2 Pisin g al—_extexnal__bus operation like -—— im © 34 Sens address of the memosy or T/o ie @ it _Petchesingtruction for_memox (ae | Be reads data -jxom memory _/} Port [GV eS vorvites data to memory) feet -e $ Supports instruction Queuing = (| ©uts Provide Address relocation Ve) exer ustons Unig. (evy-— + 4 +The execution Unit tells the arp. from whe- [ac eich “dhe ingtauctioa_of data, decode ——_Linstyuction 2 evecute instructions ——“it_Contains Contral_cixcutary {instruction detoder ; iD aeaticheae peepee ean. = Ofiag reqisier — —_—@ qeneval Purpose ie = 3) fines Q Tadex Coa (wen inthe FU tyanglale the memory Lk ig Oo occ, sComitideh nehevari, al ncey pia reemeee nS sao aoathee instructions tin 8086 Pipelining it 14 implement by Provide ¢ ot bye — Queue + whereas. long as. €- one byre _ Gpete instruction. Can: be. Steeed ie advance, thea _aftex that _one_by - one instruction go fox oS Ularariaeenam Queue Ofevates en th So the. execution: Uait gets fstructise for execution in the ordex-they 2+ Tn thi osm Ger cl decode and 5 exegite _oferatian in farraitel ee. fetching of Newt lagtruction wobiy ; Current Instruction iis CLET Wing is Called Spipiticins pea + Pipelining enables many at the same time a i Ps Ly Paonia? a ri pit _ speed. p_the execution peed of the = 30 Mare efficient uce of Pyaorecsoy.——_—§) Carey Prag --_ss tit is Set to one if thei ee peulaa rey but. of the fositien ise, resulting - feom_an addition ho borrows needed — ab Mea during a -bebracWon S04 -4. 4S e5 aera Rees Seige themes. ig yo cadry/ bortou) our 2 tos fe isp bibl esl thee fag is seser i ara ay Carty. AE F eee EB Ee pee ria ade lias Al ine ALY gen etale| ae — Carry /borrow Prom__lewex—ni ibble-*0_uppey Sees Cassy Given ee “by Dy bit bo HDs pgie AE Flags = (ee he a rn git is v(t ———“intexnaily -by the Processor perder tn ite 0 Comeretanl Bin 3) Paritt Plag C pF — al ——= this —Piag_is Used Le tnicate the pariry off oe ate TESuIL- > ee re ee gota of the -recuis of a “opeation__Conlains even number is 1, the Parity, flag ig Get and Por add tlumbe y oI 1 the terrae ig reset —§ udhex te indented by Mageigg (ms =The vesult_of operation ig negative , Sgr flag ig se25 the Sign Plag ia replica Ape Magy biv_ae senate ep betas Plog Cone nt ee cosa sof “Signed a Eabinaene 44 6feration, the _——overPiab flag is set if the result ic too large ae -numbeys hit available to accom teen Frag, nine no significance 1a_u0S4ned ithmeétic _operaton_ = (ge en £8 Pox slagie step Control WO iets. use 3 exelute one instiuctic 1 Program _at_a time fox debugging ESSE lohent trop Pia is_sel, the P%aq-am Can beau (eS Pe ia Singics step made. _ 8) Latex supe Alay one J ese isan ae enable {dis able — Sag si? it ig set, The maskable interrupt Ture of — —____|$oge_is:-enahie _dnd_if \4+ io eset the inier-] tupt is idisable eee it Can be set by executing — instruction sir_0_ —____Can_be__Cleaxed- ea A cl Eins tructien a) pixedion Piag Cohi ; i Jin string _opexation —__ t,stzing bytes ane mend on write} Peoen hi ghex _memory — Th_2P is _sese_the string. bytes axe xead of ° mé o -highex memory. 286 ss The DP_Can be Selby executing STD Instruction _@ canbe reset by executing CLD inttraction ofa“(mat mode) vee ‘ok — aia BD ist Dore i 4 nab ADIE/ Sq a aADi7s Si = : = ADI 1 SS ADi9/ Se BHE /s> _ Ma Ji © $261 oh =a. | “LeMans b M: od © a oie = ae. Be 1) ALE Ww BHE/ 57 i ui 2) MN/M ee z eee DReady Ss) TNT A S. Bi R Ig) Test a+ ADs to ADis -This—lineS ave. mutripiex_pidisectiona) Addaess} ___.data._bus.. eee TE Ok. cyecie this tame card lower order 16> bit address, ‘ae SS duming TH, To OT ci cycles “they_Caxry_lebit datost oti mms) Ards, 4s Bla |: fsa ee 1, a. Sharing. Mttipies Address & _ Satu a tag Te A peyton Thies ltnesuscarty Goce a ea ddemscun. J toe GA | ee oT. Roe (5 eo D sy ae Status signal and this Status feet Are sed to ice. Sl emmgamaereee an Sgliee vite BHE in Combination with Ac detecmines whether Qa byte ar werd will be transfee fromoe et — —te__memery— Location —— = it aemains always high eS Se rer byte Access: _whole word from elen Add, — Aijpet byte Geomp yaiedd addr, jo dower byte Prem pte even odd} Sosy one Tie Ye an active | tow gignal generated by frat essere to indicate thas the frocesser i —slous Po device oz memory | Sohen ib! is bigh it indicates high Thot ihe} Peripheral device 3 ready To Transfey data! es ge Th fin) Active = sigh _B08¢ ope- i eee mally but when Thi ne is leo es _udi)) insext 1 oy mote weigh: ote t Static bet? 1, & Ty machine Cycle 3 ee ee 3 sit is_o_system Reser __hen_qhis Signal oof —____high _Peacessor enter into oa _reSe# Stair © terminate “the 'Cunrent acilyiiy + fy star- c le execution from Pr foneT _ moskable 0 .Non~Maskable- Taterrupt t+ . Maskable —hord ware interrupt Can be Mask or __Unmask hy ty Fhe B-bit Vector type must be provided by an —lnsegrupting. device to the Py.ovessor Fhe’ 8086 TNTR is a maskable interrupt Ne acres nie hardware intevrups. Use a Pree defined internally Supplied yeclor _& Cannok be or avoided + + processor has to Service this interrupt ig jn 8086 _NMT and __aIl_S0feiware —ioterr upts a Gre __non-maskable ke 3 S Triggered — _int ae ene yPp— “h check__dluxing the last clk Cycle. of each 2 instg ction to determine The avalability of veq— a west _ =p Any crequest is “occured. the races enters a ape aise ieee i this is edge Triggered 119 tensa sequent — cohich— Couges a _ type i interrupe— ignal 4s Used to Poe ees) Ae ne on —8O2 7 BUSY. Pin Of. 8087 is. Connected to Tear Of. 3086 __sph> a Pp signa 5 exaumineA py a eset Wary Tistrectiona Hy Ciclevess, lobch enebte assist lee ys an—actHve hia Se during Ti Steve of meee py_frocessox Bus Cyet lity oP Valid address a ee the_ayaljab - ee ar = ik -an_Active low signeal —{ a ‘ 1SS.ue by the Qroce- Je 1c eee middie 0% ta __Untit_the sniike £1 To indicote the avaijabiyity of Valid clase over AD, be ADs The signed is Used te enable the byemreceivers toh 8296 O separate the data Prom _multipiexed | Address _&) data - signal =! Bee hn /akti« =a = Be Jacthis Gu +f Sagal. is sed to ditide ccliveriten nOueae Be | dasa iow __ ae when the Proceasoy Sends deta Out iis 8 and) ashen the Processot —meceive dota the si a Virsa, nt acini ta) ! 1.0 = Peceived E Bey say. duty cree Se eee — the Clock Period is the cine which heging when the — i _ becomes high, theo fatie low. dnd _then— becomes. W high again: fur instance,_a 33) duiy cycle impiies — signal coil be high- foy -33-taibf the clock 4 ——prred-€ ped I os a oe ra y evay)Maximum d OL MN{Px= pin is+Cone.,| Lo GND es hes Geer) puna bus Conon, | (9298) 1s* required chy but Sto: of coptral Signals are Lloble OM Sjates Pin s. | of jnstrucion | © status of instruction yeu Jueue _{ Not availabe | is available on» pine Q as, As - M/To2 — =the signal_is issued by on a distingui h : - eceas fram on Tio access. when thi Signal 1s high | ( : hisee ee en st es fa ca] a ald miaater such ous «fap Ge Bel “otner_bus-to — ed T cuohesee ee pe fndetu tes -gginsthe Conti a Eom ares -bidiveeonol pins aad Filo Fiieleaue sighed! Preset .then— ae aa —— a ae — _=after—ré aa ole ol — i % em .. bien lan miata cyte ag Seamented | Ly i memay_ana_ths memary—ranagemens 18-601 as Y a nck te Ras nu —— 408 Soa ee a +The 3 each segment is Gukbyter “Gadde one of the Segment xegisiet ic, (5, Ds,€s of 55 2 ‘the. I¢ whit? content of the seament regigies held 5 the | 4 ___Shatting addres: of 0 fattinay § Segment __|_____ © physical Address Bye.” = fEereu, Wighest_ addwess a : Strep Hilepyce|® pe. Posey s segment | _ C4R $3 ooooy — a BAP uGiace |8 65: Goo = = segment | 64k on ITEP Mi gede [8 egs.de00y cL Segmeny |. ae Qooooy : 2 Crp ula I™ ae gly i Segment y 64k ; 10000 4 : .ets ofl set address i616 hit So the omnaxvimum opset seh e will be FiFE and. hence the max size of it any —_Segmem__is of = Gu x byte the cpu 80m is ables Lo. addacss st enbs ob Phaicas Te preenoe ya te fad itheslea bite pRisek ox displacement s added te t based wegidieg Yael Seamen! tober Ghifting. the contain of it Aowaxds: lefesby | get 20 bi physical address ——— 2 Adugn tages of cegmentabon * - 1 Tthe_address. Associated’ with aey instru Io- though the go% has 2 2 Segmentation Can he Used in multi-user by Syste _ v Z ____ 4: Pengrams_and_data can be Stored the each other in Segmentation at ts Segmentation allows two Processes to & Physical memory address Generation :- 1s ° 2 afser | Effective rie [ooo | ‘Gddveas [oddves 5 -[address ‘Boks microprocessor hemuse Bois has 0 addaeis_lines je, QP= 1024 Kbyies oe 4 Mbyte -—__ tol 16 bit o( jiaeessael ee bub oRs-bos 2, 1G = the segment reais : : + es! 2 i us Tadd cee ne ee ae, : address hee goer or da athevoddyess acento OT 8 Cfersive a Beis aN __ byte. ts only le bie laceme nt il ae cnlealase— Pesce! Oud, cod _Adclaess er , @ WP cozcohap Tra Qaacn = Calculate Ge onscic, ne E addres genexoted 4 se ts s Baez 3 Phols wlwio A 4q E ale jo E Ya eee ~ = pees Physical addres Pie given — BOs: 7902Hsrs3die 4 Pain s:|+ Symbols t- A Conneciov 1 Retox their are_many- Wee bbie. Contiant ae of sysiem Such _as.-segment ig fied sine ierindst = etc must be $e a £ bs _ the bes! way ta cippraach — Roni are Sue ig_te | ike the checklist -o eg ee Constant & eal moi Veni ses: ae S choosing Trsgeucilorisd UE Gea isos” npomepriae “Tatu cton thet 3.40% “The Operation. Perform. 4) i Ss oitedied atte the execution of lnspruciian,_|. \y Editor; ____ ~ Editor _ig_a_Pragram. Which heirs —You42Consta yo, (7 Noun Arp—in—Tight format, so thatthe dssembi-, uoi__translate_it Correctly tothe machine lamas | ie Can type your Program Using Editor * __Catied an So.u1ce_ program —_— = ee- Dos Gase_editor_-—_EDIT, opps TAR Norton Editor,ebe. —__ bint A oi cooeee ee i = nesembler_ is. a. fragyom. that= bronsloe-01p Pr09- E. in to_machine Language (connec te! binary — i - fede fox = each instruction ) + a as To genevate 0 fire Called as Objeck (ie win) _fotrension obj. Se ee Tisbsassembiey Cansei) mene tlensot vis ta See yahicy (MAS Mein eienT pote sod ar 3y Linker -= 1+ =n _Linkex i$ a Progiam which Combines if —Yequested imoqe than one SePorately —eSsembe) —rodisieinia one executabie Progra buch 03 tus 04% _ more _Paograms.._it alsa — Generates > PXe medal © foitialiges 14+ with Special ingrauciions to facilitate —j2 Sees soe the executisn— + ert= i Pinc@o Linker — 4 debugger = Ei ____ debugger is ee. a rook es ¢ Progsam in Single Step made _Undew the Pie Process of locoiing Qo Coryertings exes Using a debugger jg known as__debuaging- TD, micros of clebugg, ex_— CV (Cede view ) — =