VITAL SIGNS  For females, the stage in

their monthly menstrual

 Temperature, pulse, respiration
cycle
and blood pressure give some
 The method of
indication of the state of health of
measurement such as oral
an individual. They represent
(mouth), rectal (bottom), or
interrelated physiologic systems
axilla (armpit) readings
of the body.

TEMPERATURE CHECKING Normal Body Temperature:

 It is the difference between heat Type of 0-2 3-10 11-65

Over
produced and heat lost by the 65
Reading years years years
years
body and is measured through 35.5- 35.5- 36.4- 35.8-
the use of a digital 37.5℃ 37.5℃ 37.6℃ 36.9℃
thermometer. Oral
95.9- 95.9- 97.6- 96.4-
 Body temperature readings vary 99.5℉ 99.5℉ 99.6℉ 98.5℉
depending on where on the body
34.7- 35.9- 35.2- 35.6-
a person takes the 37.3℃ 36.7℃ 36.9℃ 36.3℃
measurements.
Axilla
 Rectal readings are higher than 94.5- 96.6- 95.3- 96.0-
99.1℉ 98.0℉ 98.4℉ 97.4℉
oral readings, while axilla
readings tend to be lower. 36.6- 36.6- 37.0- 36.2-
38℃ 38℃ 38.1℃ 37.3℃
Rectal
97.9- 97.9- 98.6- 97.1-
BODY TEMPERATURE 100.4℉ 100.4℉ 100.6℉ 99.2℉

36.4- 36.1- 35.9- 35.8-

 Normal body temperature 38℃ 37.8℃ 37.6℃ 37.5℃
readings will vary within these Tympanic
ranges depending on the 97.5- 97.0- 96.6- 96.4-
100.4℉ 100.0℉ 99.7℉ 99.5℉
following factors:
 A person’s age and sex
 The time of day, typically
being lowest in the early
morning and highest in the TEMPERATURE CHECKING
late afternoon METHOD:
 High or low activity levels
 Oral Method
 Food and fluid intake
 Contraindications:
1. Infants
 2. Unconscious and 5. With leukemia may
irrational clients traumatize the rectal
3. Clients who breath mucosa causing bleeding.
through their mouths
4. Those with disease of  Tympanic Method
the oral cavity or  Infrared Thermometer – it
surgery of the nose or uses infrared sensors to
mouth sense temperature
5. Client who have taken measurements of the
cold or hot foods or tympanic membrane.
fluids

 Axilla Method
 Many hospitals in the
Philippines obtain client’s PULSE RATE
temperature by the axillary
 It is the regular beating or
method. If the axilla has just
throbbing caused in the arteries
been washed, obtaining
by each ventricular contraction.
temperature should be
delayed.

 Rectal Method SITES WHERE THE PULSE CAN BE

 To obtain the first temperature OBTAINED:
of newborn to check for rectal
 Radial artery
patency.
 Facial artery
 To check the core
 Temporal artery
temperature of an adult.
 Dorsalis pedis artery
 Contraindications:
 Femoral artery
1. With rectal surgery.
2. With having diarrhea  Popliteal artery
3. With having disease of the  Carotid
rectum.  Apical
4. With cardiovascular  Brachial
alternation because the
thermometer may
stimulate the vagus nerve
causing bradycardia or
rhythm disorder.
NORMAL PULSE RATE PER MINUTE: RESPIRATORY RATE

120-140 beats per  The number of breaths per

Newborn
minute minutes, is a clinical sign that
115-130 beats per represents ventilation (the
1 year old
minute
movement of air in and out of the
100-115 beats per
2 years old lungs).
minute

7 years old 85-90 beats per minute

Male 70-80 beats per minute NORMAL RESPIRATORY RATE PER

MINUTE:
Female 80-90 beats per minute
30-40 breaths per
Newborn
minute
20-25 breaths per
What to take note when taking the Children
minute
pulse:
16-20 breaths per
Adult
minute
 Rate - the number of heart beats
per minute.
 Rhythm - the rhythmical
throbbing of arteries produced by
the regular contractions of the OBTAINING CARDIAC RATE OR
heart, especially as palpated at APICAL PULSE
the wrist or in the neck
 If a peripheral pulse is irregular,
 Tension or Compressibility - It
weak, or extremely rapid, causing
corresponds to diastolic blood
it to be difficult to assess
pressure.
accurately, the apical rate may be
- A low tension pulse (pulsus
assessed. The apical pulse is
mollis), the vessel is soft or
also used to assess newborn,
impalpable between beats. In
infants, and young children.
high tension pulse (pulsus
durus), vessels feel rigid
even between pulse beats.
How to locate Apical Pulse:
 Volume
 The apical pulse is best assessed
when you are either sitting or
lying down.

 Use a series of “landmarks” on

your body to identify what’s called
 the point of maximal impulse BLOOD PRESSURE TAKING
(PMI). These landmarks include:
 The bony point of your  Blood pressure is the force
sternum (breastbone) exerted by the blood against the
 The intercostal spaces walls of the artery.
(the spaces between your
rib bones)
 The midclavicular line SITES FOR TAKING BLOOD
(an imaginary line moving PRESSURE
down your body starting
from the middle of your  Either arm on the antecubital
collarbone) space.
 Starting from the bony point of  Either leg on the popliteal space
your breastbone, locate the or dorsalis pedis.
second space between the ribs.
They’ll then move the fingers
down to the fifth space between NORMAL BLOOD PRESSURE:
the ribs and slide them over to
the midclavicular line. The PMI Infant 50/40 – 80/50 mmHg
should be found there.
 Once the PMI has been located, Children 87/48 – 117/64 mmHg
use the stethoscope to listen to
your pulse for a full minute in Adult 110/70 – 130/90 mmHg
order to obtain apical pulse rate.
Each “lub-dub” sound counts as
one beat.

12 CRANIAL NERVES

I. Olfactory
 Smell

II. Optic
 Visual Acuity

III. Oculomotor
 Eye movement & Pupil dilation

IV. Trochlear
 Vertical eye movement
 V. Trigeminal
 Facial sensation & Jaw
movements

VI. Abducens
 Lateral eye movement

VII. Facial
 Facial expressions & Sense of
taste

VIII. Vestibulocochlear
 Hearing and balance

IX. Glossopharyngeal
 Taste and swallow

X. Vagus
 Digestion & Heart rate

XI. Accessory/Spinal Accessory

 Shoulder and neck muscle
movement.

XII. Hypoglossal
 Tongue movement

Converting of ⁰C to ⁰F

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q
FTDofic0Ek