12.27. The amplifier shown in Fig. 12.90 provides a closed-loop gain close to unity but a very low output impedance. Assuming 2 > 0, determine the closed-loop gain and out- put impedance and compare the results with those of a simple source follower. Figure 12.91 Figure 12.90 “42.28. An adventurous student replaces the NMOS source follower in Fig. 12.90 with a PMOS common-source stage (Fig. 12.91). Unfortunately, the amplifier does not op- erate well. (a) Prove by inspection that the feedback is positive. (b) Breaking the loop at the gate of Mp, determine the loop gain and prove that the feedback is positive.12.35. A “laser diode” converts current to light (as in laser pointers). We wish to design a circuit that delivers a well-defined current to a laser diode. Shown in Fig. 12.97 is an example in which resistor Ry measures the current flowing through D,; and am- plifier A; subtracts the resulting voltage drop from Vi,. Assume Ry is very small and V4 =o. (a) Following the procedure used in Example 12.21, determine the open- loop gain. (b) Calculate the loop gainand theclosed- loop gain. Laser Diode 91 Figure 12.977 “42.40. Consider the feedback circuit depicted in Fig. 12.101. Assume V4 = co. (a) Suppose the output quantity of inter- est is the collector current of Q>, Zou. Assuming Ry is very small and Rp is very large, determine the closed- loop gain and I/O impedances of the circuit. (b) Now, suppose the output quantity of interest is V,,,, Assuming Rp is very large, compute the closed-loop gain and I/O impedances of the circuit. Figure 12.101