+ Collect gas Forensic GEO-Gas Investigation (FGI) samples from various origins a oe Characterize each source and create a 2 Natural Gas 2 Sewage Treatment reference library Facilities Establish the composition and source of the fugitive gases through comparisons with the reference library 4 Sedimentary 3 Landfills Organic Matter* ems 7 www.chemistry-matters.com eesInvestigation Historical Review Field Measurements, Fixed Gases e.g. CH, Gas samples were collected in 1-litre gas bag and Carbotrap™ Tiered Forensic Approach adopted to identify potential sources www.chemistry-matters.comLevel 2 —> —_ Level! —> Tiered Forensic Approach Fixed Gas we Hydrocarbon Content as Volatile Organic Carbon Content a: Radio Active Isotope (4C) Stable Isotope Analysis of CH, www.chemistry-matiers.com ems 9Results: Fixed Gas e 90 80 aus CH, 70 Hco Bn, ad CO, = 50 Do, ® Oar € 40 OH, a O He Oo 30 > 20 10 0 ag & s 2 oe v FP POMS AES Sp ae ems 11 www.chemistry-matters.com Froceces vatedide (volume %) 45 40 Landfill and Sewage 35 30 3g Similar to Atmospheric 3 20 Distribution = 255 OM4 and OM3 3S Carbon D Fixed Gas Ruled out of Library a 2 OQ 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Nitrogen (volume %) ems 12 www.chemistry-matters.com Freer eaeeyeyFixed Gases 100 seers, gf! — Fhermogenic z] CO, + BH*+ Be — CH, + 8d i 2H,0 i : ° Landfill and Sewage a 3 3 3 __ CO,+ water —- CaCO, (s) |, — Biomass Methane ( % volume) 3 COOH — CH, +CO, 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 Carbon Dioxide (% volume) ems 13 www.chemistry-matters.com eee:Concentration mg/m? oe & 8 & é ns Ss 3 Results: VOC Fingerprinting Although CH, and CO, dominant: trace gases may also be present Natural Gas: Alkanes and Akenes: Landfill: Chlorinated Compounds Sewage: Sulfide Compounds Volatile Organic Compounds ems 14 www.chemistry-matters.com eectConcentration (mgim?) Results: VOC Fingerprinting M1: BTEXs and mixed source ‘Alkybenzenes: potential to be OMB: Acetone; potential to be mixed source Volatile Organic Compounds www.chemistry-matiers.comResults: HC Fingerprint 60 ‘ Natural Gas 20 40 — 2 30 = 5 20 2 8 10 lo. ce 7 0 c3 C4 ch cB co CiO «Cli =6Ci2 CIB) Cid = CI5 Alkanes www.chemistry-matiers.com emer eciee:Results: HC Fingerprint Landfill ii | L, c3 C4 Cc Cé C7 ce CciO Cit Ci2 C13 Cid C5 Alkanes ams 17 www.chemistry-matiers.com eee ecaee:Results: HC Fingerprint Sewage o C4 cS C6 C7 ce co CiO }6Cli «6Ci2 «CIB «Cid C15 Alkanes cms 18 www.chemistry-matiers.com emcee:Summary- Level 1 ‘Source CH,/CO, Carbon Analysis voc Natural Gas +CH, Low C;/C,-C, ‘Odorants Landfill High C,/C,-C, | Chlorinated compounds Sewage co,=CH, | High ¢,/c,-c, Sulfur Containing Natural Organics | CO,100 48% ) cH, Se containing | pMC 57H = 425% to - 375% 130 = 4 Natural CO,< CH | High, /C,- 199 [PR a Boe Oaauiiés z Low Mc. | StH =-345tet0- ‘a ‘ 5 " 322% ems 26 www.chemistry-matters.com eee: