An over-square engine has a larger bore diameter than stroke length, whereas an under-square

engine has a smaller bore diameter than stroke length. Both engine configurations have their
advantages and disadvantages, depending on the specific application and design requirements.

Advantages of an Over-Square Engine:

→ Higher RPM: The larger bore size of an over-square engine allows for larger valves and
better airflow, which means the engine can rev higher and generate more power.
→ Lighter Weight: The shorter stroke length of an over-square engine allows for a lighter
and more compact design, which can reduce the overall weight of the engine and
improve its power-to-weight ratio.
→ Faster Acceleration: Because over-square engines can rev higher and produce more
power, they can provide faster acceleration and better performance at high speeds.

Advantages of an Under-Square Engine:

→ More Torque: The longer stroke length of an under-square engine provides more torque
at lower RPMs, which can be beneficial for applications such as towing or hauling heavy
loads.
→ Better Fuel Economy: The longer stroke length also allows for a larger piston area, which
can result in better fuel efficiency by generating more power with less fuel.
→ Smoother Power Delivery: Because under-square engines produce more torque at lower
RPMs, they can provide a smoother and more linear power delivery, which can be
desirable in certain applications such as cruising or commuting.