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de Broglie Waves
11
platypus
http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/tech/science/genetics/
2008-05-08-platypus-genetic-map_N.htm,
Ornithorhynchus anatinus, platipus
“Australia's unique duck-billed platypus is part bird, part
reptile and part mammal according to its gene map.
The platypus is classed as a mammal because it has fur
and feeds its young with milk. It flaps a beaver-like tail.
But it also has bird and reptile features — a duck-like bill
and webbed feet, and lives mostly underwater. Males
have venom-filled spurs on their heels.”
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Matter waves
de Broglie wavelength is more significant for small masses traveling at high speeds rather than large
masses traveling at low speeds
✓ The phase velocity of matter waves can be greater than the speed of light.
❖It was found that a hump appears in the polar curve when 44eV electrons were incident on the crystal. It is seen that for
the accelerating voltage of 54eV, the electrons are scattered more pronouncedly at an angle 50owith the direction of
incident beam and then kept decreasing.
❖ The maximum is an indication that electrons are being diffracted. In such a case Bragg’s law applicable for Xray
diffraction by crystals, would be valid for electron wave difference also.
ii)Braggs law
Velocity of matter wave
Velocity of matter wave, Vp ➢Each particle cannot be associated with a
single wave
Vp =ϒλ
λ - deBroglie wavelength = h/p. ➢Instead a moving particle is associated with
a group of waves
E=hϒ and E=mc2
➢Superposition of these waves gives rise to a
hϒ=mc2 wave packet, which moves with a velocity
ϒ=mc2/h equal to particle velocity and is called group
velocity.
Vp = (mc2/h) x (h/mv)
➢Vg = v
Vp = C2 /v - Phase velocity
❖ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tlM9vq-bepAp
❖V
Compare the deBroglie wavelength of (i) a proton with a speed of 2 × 107 m/s and (ii) particle of 10μ m/s
and mass 10-15kg. Comment on the observations.
Thermal neutrons incident on a potassium chloride crystal (interatomic spacing 0.314nm) undergoes first
order diffraction from the principal Braggs plane at an angle of 40˚. What is the energy of the thermal
neutrons?