How Should

Businesses Stop
Using GMOs?
Annalise Ryan (Environmental), Coryn
Chesterfield (Social), Logan Davis (Scientific),
Clarissa Nassif (Political)
LeFranc AP Seminar Practice TMP
Lenses
🌱 Political

🌱 Social

🌱 Environmental

🌱 Scientific
“Over 90%
of U.S. corn, upland cotton, and
soybeans are produced using
GE varieties (GMOs).”
 Why do businesses need GMOs?
Succeed economically

Make food products more “desirable” (through the use of chemicals)

Cheaper and more time efficient

Less pesticides, insecticides, and fertilizer use (lowers cost of production)

Enhanced nutrient composition

Principal Solution
Using the DEA method, nations can measure
● Total Factor Productivity (TFP)
● Total Price Recovery (TPR) AP=p′y−r′b−w'x
And use the Adjusted Profit (AP)
● Input-output
Creates a sustainability performance measure + regulations on the distribution of GMOs.

B1,2= [12(p′2+p′1)(y2−y1)]−
[12(w′2+w′1)(x2−x1)]−
[12(r′2+r′1)(b2−b1)]+[12(y2+y1)(p′2−p′1)]−
[12(x2+x1)(w′2−w′1)]−[12(b2+b1)(r′2−r′1)]

Virda Hersy Lutviana Saputri. Sustainable Agri-Food Supply Chain Performance Measurement Model for GMO and Non-GMO
Using Data Envelopment Analysis Method. 21 March 2019. Mdpi. https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/9/6/1199
Benefits
● adjustable from nation to nation
● helps nations’ determine the production
of GMOs
○ profitable and sustainable for the country
Inferior Solution:
Organic Farming
Organic farming can work
● France, Germany, and Mexico
○ economy doesn’t depend on
agriculture.

Not using GMOs harms

● Developing countries: Argentina, India
● Developed countries: U.S., Brazil, Argentina
“GM crop technology [it] can result in a net
increase in herbicide use and can foster the growth
of herbicide resistant weeds. In addition, … the use
of GM crops may negatively impact the agriculture
ecosystem” - Morgan Chamberlin, Montana State
University.
 Limitations to Organic Farming:
🌱 Require more workers with higher production costs

🌱 Vulnerable to illness, slow down production

🌱 Education is needed in order to protect the crops from critical

conditions

🌱 Food is produced in smaller amounts

 Benefits

● Supports local farmers

● Prevents cross contamination

“Organic farmers suffering contamination

can lose their organic certification and the
premium they earn for their organic crop.”
 Counter Arguments

Stricter Environmental Corporate

Regulations Risks Food Control
GMOs are dangerous to Loss of Biodiversity Food industry is dominated by big
health. in local areas. companies.
Antibiotic resistance Reduced genetic diversity Control how food is produced
Toxicity Proteins will become more Easy consolidation of control
similar
Allergenicity More profitable to make a system
Overrun existing species.
Limitations to Our Solution

1. Lack of infrastructure & data to keep track of GMO and

non-GMO production.
● Is it sustainable and profitable?

2. People are skeptical about the use of GMOs

● Rioting and protests are a common result
“Hundreds of farmers, peasant women and agricultural workers protested in front of the
Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI), denouncing the government's approval of golden
rice commercialisation and reaffirming their opposition to all GMOs.”
Inferior Solution: The Disposing of
GMOs Altogether
Dave Johnson, Siobhan O’Connor. Two decades of GMO crops in the US in infographics and charts. 7 May 2015. Genetic
Library Project. https://geneticliteracyproject.org/2015/05/07/two-decades-of-gmo-crops-in-the-us-in-infographics-and-charts/
“The economic consequences of GM contamination in
Canada have included the temporary or permanent loss
of export markets, lower crop prices in the short or
long-term, the loss of access to grow a particular crop,
and the loss of some farm-saved seed” - Johnston, Josée.
‘Food fuss’ Nature Geoscience
Limitations to not Utilizing GMOS

More Poverty

There would be higher greenhouse gas emissions

Consumers would have to pay way more just for basic resources
 Pros to not Utilizing GMOS

Less chemicals will be consumed by the public

Non GM processed foods contain more nutrients

Could be argued to be more environmentally friendly

 Conclusion
● Gives food to starving
people
→ provide a stable food
supply for population.
Thank you for listening!

questions?🌿
Any questions?
🌱Any
 Works Cited
Bawa, A. S. “Genetically modified foods: safety, risks and public concerns—a review.” NCBI, National Library of

Medicine, 19 December 2012, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3791249/. Accessed 24

January 2023.

Chamberlin, Morgan. “The Environmental Impact of Genetically Modified Crops - Health & Human Development.”

Montana State University,

https://www.montana.edu/hhd/graduate/dietetics/blog_posts/GMO_environment.html. Accessed 24 January

2023.

“Contamination | CBAN.” Canadian Biotechnology Action Network, https://cban.ca/gmos/issues/contamination/.

Accessed 24 January 2023.

 Works Cited
Cruz, Rafael. “What would happen if GMO foods were banned?” WCBD, 28 February 2016,

https://www.counton2.com/news/what-would-happen-if-gmo-foods-were-banned/. Accessed 24

January 2023.

“Farmers protest against the commercialisation of golden rice in Bangladesh.” GRAIN, 16 August 2017,

https://grain.org/en/article/5774-farmers-protest-against-the-commercialisation-of-golden-rice-in-bang

ladesh. Accessed 24 January 2023.

“GMOs Plant Seeds For Corporate Control.” Food & Water Watch, 2 March 2021,

https://www.foodandwaterwatch.org/2021/03/02/gmos-plant-seeds-corporate-control/. Accessed 24

January 2023.
 Works Cited
Hersy, Virda, and Muhammad Hisjam. “Sustainable Agri-Food Supply Chain Performance Measurement

Model for GMO and Non-GMO Using Data Envelopment Analysis Method.” MDPI, 21 March 2019,

https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/9/6/1199. Accessed 24 January 2023.

Johnston, Josée. “Food Fuss.” Nature Geoscience, 30 November 2010,

https://www.nature.com/articles/ngeo1023. Accessed 24 January 2023.

Landry, Heather. “Challenging Evolution: How GMOs Can Influence Genetic Diversity - Science in the

News.” Science in the News, 10 August 2015,

https://sitn.hms.harvard.edu/flash/2015/challenging-evolution-how-gmos-can-influence-genetic-divers

ity/. Accessed 24 January 2023.

 Works Cited
Newman, Caroline. “Largest-Ever Study Reveals Environmental Impact of Genetically Modified Crops.”

UVA Today, 14 September 2016,

https://news.virginia.edu/content/largest-ever-study-reveals-environmental-impact-genetically-modifie

d-crops. Accessed 24 January 2023.

“Recent Trends in GE Adoption.” USDA ERS, 14 September 2022,

https://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/adoption-of-genetically-engineered-crops-in-the-u-s/recent-tr

ends-in-ge-adoption/. Accessed 24 January 2023.

“Two decades of GMO crops in the US in infographics and charts.” Genetic Literacy Project, 7 May 2015,

https://geneticliteracyproject.org/2015/05/07/two-decades-of-gmo-crops-in-the-us-in-infographics-and

-charts/. Accessed 24 January 2023.

 Works Cited
“What are the disadvantages of organic farming? Answer at BYJU'S IAS.” Byjus,

https://byjus.com/ias-questions/what-are-the-disadvantages-of-organic-farming/. Accessed 24

January 2023