re erent pA~10%m tom-f i pm=10%m 1 ire 10° m=? famed iaaceand dtp Senden Number of equivalents of sole "Volume of ston (nes) Te aio by mas wich Mh ued mano aroma ‘Ses the same ple mute ao come nine AnD of we nae cet nga OW, 1000 Molarty(M) = Tier ofS) -Vara ooo oo ae oat eo crs BC+ bed ryt tot ofees, ober neon] ar mh erent srr nme be donee eet tea mes ‘ie sontamenis aan of eng earns Azoumyso e te ung POAC aod Mak frac a roc maybe Secciewne omens fe or | @ Sulphar: [Concept ot tiitingresget (©) 06. HNO, + H,50, + BaCl +) BAS,eres 1000 mt 1. Normality (8) = thr, anna reactant oc in equal mowat ote o The hw estate equal ofan clement combine wh one equivalent of he ermal hemes eation equivalent od a, C0, INO, co I eed Fall ts of po rss According ida + OSM aN any A tae of B = meq of M= meq of N fy In # compound ML, ™ mfactor forcement: Valeney ofthe element eho (or acids: Acs wil be eae as species which fam H’ ns when dissed a For example, fr HC1(a = 1), HNO, (= 1) H,SO, (0 =2), H,PO, (9 =) an HO, wen dso ina wohent (Atay) For example, NaOH (n= 1), Ba(O¥D Inti reaction canbe ssn tat the xia N.0, Mg and Cl remains the al charge on catr Proton (m,) ‘anode rays mass =1.67 < 10” kg mass = 1,67 10 kg mass = 1.67 10g mass = 167 10™ mass = 1.00750 amu ‘fm value is depender ‘on the nature of gas taken in discharge tube. eathode rays mass = 9.1 < 10°" kg mass =9.1 x10". mass = 0.000549 amu ‘elm of eletron is found to be independent of nature of ‘gas & electrode used, ‘mass = 1.00850 amu ee IR hosts Now nabs Syml Xe net (Radiwaves-sMicrowaves ofa a Nsible raye Ultraviolet Faye Xa ‘Wavelength decrees Term anciated with elements ‘Atomic Number 2): =No, of protons lecton =~ (charge on stom) om ‘mas nomer Isobar : Same mass number but diferent Ex) He Isodiaphers : Ss [Nesom & pro Be Isotones: Having same numberof net Le we ‘Authau principle: Telecom fil pin ineaing oder of he meray in subel Iearaprieapieamupseaasrecar sooprested™ (0.60 rule: The sobtel wit lowest (n+ (vale filed up rt but wen two oe more scbubels have same (+0 vale tenth obael witlowest abe of msl op fst Paul exctasion principle : Pasa hat no wo lcs nah on can ane sae ‘ales falfur quanta sume. Hua’ rue of msm mipky Eros ers ang cba atin such way sto gve marina nol mp cectos wi pred pn Bx, He Iscsers: They athe molecules whi the same nur of alos & ektrooe Ex.CO,.NO + woelectromie'Species having sam mopof setrons Princal quantum nur (= 1,2, 34 10 oh ‘Orta angular momentum telecon any ort = Rama quantum ruber () «0,4, 10 (0= + Number of orale na subehall= 241 * Maximum numberof elector inpericuareubeel=2x (2+ 4) Dranback: Coen a fae Ratherord Madea ato: (bia angular momentum LH A LT = R= RYAY R= 133% 10" om »I) Roe tlorearsrecton =rate ofbacknadeacton sG=0. Ok, (Pek Po Pal? Pal Partial pressure of solid istaken asunity & fin calculation of partial pressure ot solids, their Joumber of moles are not eonsidered. (RT) then YK, = K, ah, = Othen K, = K, an, > Othen K, > K, when an, <0 then K, = F solstonis ypenonicsouion wit. 2+ iano {@)iypctonl— I okton hypotonic wit ecuton. Theol. of paricles Toots rly exp Jobserved na.of partes / cone. —_abeered malty Tt= VP Auractive forces t> VP. 4 'Non volatile solte and volatile solvent solution, 14] B= Non volte st P= PX, Ths aw deals wih dissolution of gasin liquide. mass of any gas dissolved In any solvent per unt volumes propotionalto pressure gasin equim ith igus map m= kp weight of gas. > Vowume of tguid Tesh rch herent RTM etal cone fl ype of paces. eeGeGye Nowe: #Y, moet «Ym cne. armies. RT? RTM 1000%Lson 1000 AH yan ola depression constant09 water ni en ot enon, wae at epee an ad tetcece rekIAPIBPICE ft ({8)= constant {[6)= constant ‘then fortwo difrentinital concentrations of Awehave fo, = Kil AKA = tan Pin ok Using integrated rat law: iis methodol Wal and ero Method of haves : 1 forrPorderreacton ts FRY ‘Ostwald Isolation Method rate = k [AP [BP [CF = k, [AP m,A+m,B—> products R<(AP BP Where p may or may not be equal o m, & similarly q may oF may not be equal om, pis order of reaction with respectto reactant and ais oer of reaction ‘with respect to reactant B and (p+) is overal Pe rene resi rely ares | opine | ago= ae ee a Ser Date crime ape Ee ae ‘kg at — Mets yan ccs [aly oe rage coryMarrsysiom Unit Coll Dimensions: a leno and Angles rome ‘piimeopeewint cet) [tmtome pee whe cubic asbaciaspay=90" fice Onhorhombic aebeeia=pay=90" “ana —| ~ Ante ae Tevagonal — axbecia=piay=90" Sooo Monocle aebsciany=90"sf rece Ticinic arbeciae perio Hexagonal a=becia Rhombohedral a=b=c: a= i=1 90% Schottky Frenkel Metal excess Non-Metal excess lon pairs missing) (dislocation of ions) electron inplace extracation in Vacant site extra anion in of anion the interstitial in place of cation interstitial (not found)[ENTHALPY OF REACTION af) ‘BOND ENTHALPY Amount fest evolved or sorbed tng 4 a eee ‘Average amount feta equied 0 disoare ‘one me pscous bond it serie peo ENTHALPY OF FORMATION (4g) atoms (May be endothermicor exothermic) (San ol ea) (St nt) ange i etapy wen one ole of tance "(i pcnrecant') edgier”) me! coma eet mt = —--- For ements 4° =O (for standard sae) aan Fe permet ene Tigi i tegeimerd 1, apy when one ram equiva mptly newrlzed by One Change in xtapy when 1 mak of «subi eat of Ub hn, (5) Zo.) -+200,(9) 406A cla i= Sc nl - Seager y= S73Kog Mang Incase of weak aia obo <1 athe dileence i enthalpy of ionisation ENTHALPY OF TRANSITION ten | >137 deo hdation of esa nsw om mere cr ENTHALEY OF ATONISATION a, Oe Goa ate = 19a! Change in catay when on nok of Ho, “lot; TH ako. ENTHALPY OF SOLUTION (at_) 10, oH.0,: S110.) {ay be endo or exothermic) Changs in etay when Iolo substance LAWS OF THERMOCHEMISTRY, ———nuinedinexn waters rer ion i Hess Law of Constant Heat summation ENTHALYY OF HYDRATION (a, Tatmaps xara) = = ay change when 1 mole fans sa ie Sci eu sa wo ae ENTHALPY OF HYDROGENATION atl.) na {Always exothermic) ree ui change daring the compine | Hitateon est freaca & product ar toons Pap Ipdeogneation of one ante ememted | Sillewn Nene of oe Organic compound into is saturated |) Foret of combustion & for to ve compound ‘coh Foam ©) eee a ait= Date) Ea oe, aa [ nS (© For tea of formation em om 8 a = ait Sat Tae