Student no:61802255

Student number: 61802255

PEN3704
Assignment 02
Due date: 30 March 2023

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Question 1
1.1 Unit management is a technique for managing prisoners in groups. It forms the
basis of thorough, effective and direct supervision, among other things, because
the prison is divided up into manageable units in order to improve control over
inmates, foster good relationships and inmate development and to deliver an
effective correctional service within ideal architectural structures. For example:
Youth are also divided into manageable groups, which apart from effective
supervion.

1.2 The advantages of unit management for staff members (Luty et al 1999:23).
• Staff are allowed to take move responsibility.
• Achievements become visible, which leads to recognition and more
achievements.
• Participation in decision making and policy formulation leads to grater
responsibility and involvement.
• Staff morale and attitudes improve.
• Staff tension decreases.
• Use of sick leave is reduced.
• Misconduct by staff is reduced.
• The working environment becomes safe.

1.3 Those advantages are divided into three categories (Luyt, 1999:128-129) as
follows; Inmates, correctionak officials and the correctional system.

• For inmates
➢ A safer environment.
➢ Regular contact with a variety of officials.
➢ Stable contact with somebody who knows their background and
with whom they can have discussions about very private matters.
➢ Support and encouragement to obtain the maximum benefit from
the sentence.

• For correctional officials.

➢ A challenging, interesting and more fulfilling career.
➢ Correctional officials have more control over inmates and the
environment than without case management.
➢ Correctional officials become multiskilled and more professional.

• For the correctional system.

➢ When an inmate build a relationship of trust with a least one
correctional official . ( Case manager), it results in probes being

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discussed, less need for protection and fewer suicides and

assaults.
➢ Security risks are reduced because correctional officials have the
opportunity to manage aspects that could develop into risk
situation. The conduct of aggressive inmates, for examples, can be
rectified by providing appropriate anger management programmes.
➢ Dynamic security is enhanced because correctional officials can
interept probles and prevent incidents before these escalate into
uncontrollable situation.

1.4 Eight basic security principles to be kept in mind when managing risks (Luyt et at
1999:150).
• Deterrence.
• Deflection.
• Detection.
• Delay.
• Reaction and location.
• Control.
• Reporting.
• Rectification of weaknesses.

1.5 Seven principles of Arusha Declaration (Luyt et al 1999:291-292)

• To improve management practices in individual prisons and in the
penitentiary system as a whole to increase transparency and efficiency
within the prison service.
• To enhance the professionalism pf prison staff and improve their working
and living conditions.
• To respect and protect the rights and dignity of prisoners as well as to
ensure compliance with national and international standards.
• To provide training programmes to prison staff that incorporate human
rights standards in way that is meaningful and relevant.
• To improve the skills base of correctional officials and, for this purpose, to
establish a training board of the conference of the Central, Eastern and
Southern African Heads of Correctional services.
• To establish a criminal justice mechanism comprising all the components
of the criminal justice system that would coordinate activites and
cooperate in the solution of common problems.
• To invite civil society groups into the prisons to work in partnership with
prison services in order to improve the conditions of imprisonment and the
working environment in prisons.
1.6 Specific rights of inmates supported by applying unit management (Luyt et at
1999:23)

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• Right to equality.
• Right to life.
• Right to human dignity.
• Right to freedom and security of the person.
• Right to privacy.
• Right not to be subjected to forced labour or servitude.
• Right to freedom of religion, belief ad opinion.
• Right to freedom of expression.
• Right to assembly, demonstration, picket and petition.
• Right to freedom of association.
• Right to just administrative action
• Right to environmental rights.

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List of Reference
Luyt Willem, Johan Jonker and Hennie Bruyns1999.Unit management & legal principles
in Prison. University of South African

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ACADEMIC INTERFRITY DECLARATION

Declaration: PEN3704 (Assignment 2)

1. I understand what academic dishonesty entails and am aware of UNISA’s

policies in this regard.
2. I declare that this Essay is my own original work. Where I have used someone
else’s work, I have indicated this by using the prescribed style of referencing.
Every contribution to, and quotation in, this Essay from the work or works of other
people has been referenced according to this style.
3. I have not allowed and will not allow anyone to copy my work with the intention of
passing it off as his or her own work.’
4. I did not make use of another students work and submitted it as my own.

NAME: POIFO THOBEJANE

STUDENT NUMBER: 61802255

MODULE CODE: PEN3704

SIGNATURE: p thobejane
DATE :15 MARCH 2023