HARDENING SOFT TARGETS IN YOUR AOR • HYPERBARIC OXYGEN THERAPY • EMAIL CRIMES FUNDING GLOBAL TERROR

Journal for Law Enforcement, Intelligence & Special Operations Professionals

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VOLUME 10 • NUMBER 2

EMAIL CRIMES
FUNDING
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 Counter
The Journal for Law Enforcement, Intelligence & Special Operations Professionals
APRIL/MAY 2017
VOLUME 10 • NUMBER 2

COVER STORY:

16

EMAIL CRIMES FUNDING GLOBAL TERROR
by Kent Cartwright

FEATURES:
CONTENTS

16 08


HARDENING SCHOOLS AND OTHER SOFT TARGETS
IN A LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICER’S AOR
Part 3: Physical Security
by Amery Bernhardt

24

WHY DO AMERICAN COMBAT SOLDIERS SUFFER FROM
PTSD MORE THAN THEIR COUNTERPARTS?
by Forest Rain

32

HYPERBARIC OXYGEN THERAPY
Helping those with the invisible wounds of war
by Anthony E. Jones, Major U.S. Air Force, ret.
8
DEPARTMENTS:
06 From the Editor
Animal Instincts

42 Training Review
Israeli National Police Civil Qualification

44 Innovative Products
DeSantis Gunhide’s new SL Raptor Holster, Style 147,
24 FLIR identiFINDER R-Series

32

Cover Photo: Tracking terrorisom on the Internet.

The Counter Terrorist ~ April/May 2017 5

FROM THE EDITOR:
Animal Instincts
Counter The

by Garret Machine Journal for Law Enforcement, Intelligence

& Special Operations Professionals

I
VOLUME 10 • NUMBER 2
APRIL/MAY 2017
n a stressful situation, we all revert back to our instinct, animal instinct. Editor
As sophisticated and evolved animals, we have the ability to reason with one Garret Machine
another and not resort to force. When animals want another animal to do Director of Operations
Carmen Arnaes
something or not do something, they resort to force. Both people and animals
Director of Advertizing
have the force option, only people sometimes take a little longer to get there. Sol Bradman
Even nations reserve a force option for dealing with states and nonstate actors. Administrative
It is interesting that we can break down almost all human interactions, whether Jennifer Junatas
group or individual, into two categories: those that use force and those that do Contributing Editors
not. That’s it, only two. Amery Bernhardt
In Western society, we are used to interacting with others through persuasion Kent Cartwright
Anthony E. Jones,
and coercion. While force is an option for some, all are subject to force as a Major U.S. Air Force, ret
means of compliance. As a wise strategist once said: “If you want peace, prepare Forest Rain
for war.” In this context, the preparation is the deterrence. Mass is a deterrent. Graphic Design
A big black German Shepard is a deterrent. And for some a personal firearm is a Morrison Creative Company
deterrent, an equalizer. Copy Editor
Having a means of defense or offense protects you from unwanted force and Laura Town
intimidation. There will always be those who are antisocial and attempt force as Advertising Sales
Sol Bradman
a first option. bradman@homelandsecurityssi.com
For example, the elderly and feeble will fall victim to the young and agile, the 305-302-2790
petite female to the heavy male and the few to the many. However, a means of Publisher:
defense and threat of greater force will persuade a would-be adversary to pick an Security Solutions International
13155 SW 134th St. • STE 103
easier target or limit the interaction. Miami, Florida 33186
Switzerland is an armed society, a wealthy, civilized Western nation with very
low levels of violent crime when compared to the U.S. But why? Because the
ISSN 1941-8639 The Counter Terrorist
“bad guy” no longer has the monopoly on the force option. A force encounter is Magazine, Journal for Law Enforcement,
likely to be met with even greater force. Mutual destruction is not an attractive Intelligence & Special Operations
Professionals is published by Security
option. Solutions International LLC, as a service to
The solution to violence is overwhelming violence or threat thereof. With this the nation’s First Responders and Homeland
Security Professionals with the aim of
logic in mind, one would be wise to carry a tool that can keep things dignified deepening understanding of issues related
and civil even when one party is threatening force over a weaker party. Human to Terrorism. No part of the publication
interaction would change and become more civilized with every party knowing can be reproduced without permission
from the publisher. The opinions expressed
that they are limited to negotiation and persuasion. herein are the opinions of the authors
represented and not necessarily the opinions
of the publisher. Please direct all Editorial
correspondence related to the magazine to:
Security Solutions International SSI, 13155
SW 134th Street, Suite 103, Miami, Florida.
33186 or info@thecounterterroristmag.com
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6 The Counter Terrorist ~ April/May 2017

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 HARDENING
SCHOOLS
AND OTHER
SOFT TARGETS
IN A LAW
ENFORCEMENT
OFFICER’S AOR
PART 3: PHYSICAL SECURITY
Editor’s Note: This article discusses the third and final part in how to harden schools and
other soft targets in your AOR. The hardening of the physical security is no less important
than Part 1 or Part 2, which covered preparing the faculty for an active shooter event
and addressing the inside threat through a threat assessment team (Bernhardt 2016).
While this is just as important, it may be the most costly. Training and coordinating
existing resources is very cost effective and provides a great starting point in times of
restrictive budgets. Regardless of cost, this topic must be addressed by the schools.

8 The Counter Terrorist ~ April/May 2017

by Amery Bernhardt

I have heard the following question posed to me:

When was the last time a child was killed in a
school fire? This is usually followed by silence,
because it is not a common occurrence. From
2007-2011, in schools ranging from preschoolers
to twelfth grade there were over 4,000 structure
fires but zero deaths (Campbell 2013). Now, that
response should be the same for an active shooter.

T hroughout our nation, about

24% of the active shooter
incidents occur in schools (NYPD
Printing Section 2012). Students
should be just as safe from an active
shooter as they are from a school
fire. Safety from fire did not occur
overnight. There was an enormous
amount of energy invested in our
schools to make them as safe as they
are today. The level of school safety has
not been as successful when it comes
to violence. From the year 2000 to
2013, there have been 27 incidents
that resulted in the loss of 57 lives
and the wounding of 60 individuals
(Blair and Schweit 2014). A study
conducted to review fire safety and

Officer Jason Frederickson, a civilian police officer with the Marine Corps Air Station Miramar Provost Marshal’s Office, provides rear security
while a fellow officer clears a room during training to aid readiness in the event of an active shooter. Photo: Lance Cpl. Owen Kimbrel

The Counter Terrorist ~ April/May 2017 9


other safety measures found that fire
safety was consistent in schools ranging
across geographic areas, but there were
significant differences in other safety
measures (Shelton, Owens, and Song
2009). A standard such as the fire code,
which has become so well established,
is also needed for active shooter school
safety (Raghunathan, Massello, Zalis,
and Aldape 2015). Law enforcement
should be there to provide the guidance
that our nation’s schools need.
Active shooter school safety should
start with a plan to harden the exterior
of the school. Then it should focus
on a single entrance point with a
mantrap. Finally, it should conclude
with recommendations on easily locked
classroom doors. If there were any
facility vulnerabilities identified during
the training exercises as outlined in Part
1, then this would provide the prime
opportunity to address them as well.
10 The Counter Terrorist ~ April/May 2017
A middle school entrance. Photo: Analogue Kid at en.wikipedia
HARDEN THE EXTERIOR
OF THE SCHOOL
BUILDING
One of the first ways to protect a
school from violence is to prevent an
attacker from gaining access to the
school. Often called target hardening,
making improvements on a building
physically provides an important layer
of defense (International Association
for Healthcare Security and Safety
[IAHSS] 2012). By keeping an attacker
outside of the school, the students
and faculty inside will be much safer.
One of the recommendations from
the New York City Police Department
involves conducting a realistic threat
assessment to determine vulnerabilities
(NYPD Printing Section 2012). This
type of assessment includes evaluating
how easily an attacker can gain access
to the facility. One of the lessons
learned from the Sandy Hook atrocity
was how easily and quickly the killer
gained access to the school. The glass
in front of the school was shot and
the attacker made entry seconds later.
While keeping the exterior doors locked
is the first step in building security,
they should not be easily defeated. The
glass doors should be made of burglar-
proof tempered glass (New York State
Education Department 2013). There are
different types of door construction that
use varying amounts of glass. There are
simple steps that can be taken to retrofit
glass with a laminate that will obstruct
or delay an intruder’s access into the
building (D. Grossman, personal
communication 2015). While this
type of glass is not bulletproof, it can
provide a significant delay to the access
of the school. This delay can provide
the police more to time to respond to
confront the attacker, and more time
to the faculty and students inside the
school to prepare themselves. Besides
the front doors, if there is any other
area on the outside of the school to
which an intruder has easy access and to
which they can gain access by breaking
a window, then that glass needs to be
fortified to prevent easy access. One
of the most effective ways to identify
vulnerabilities is through discussions
with the faculty and maintenance
personnel. This information may have
come to light while exercising different
active shooter scenarios, as described
in Part 1. The personnel who spend
countless hours at the building often
have intimate knowledge of it and will
be able to provide valuable information
on vulnerable points or potential areas
of concern. The Sandy Hook Elementary School makeshift memorial on Washington Avenue in Sandy Hook,
Connecticut, 12 days after the shootings at Sandy Hook Elementary School. Photo: Bbjeter
SINGLE ENTRANCE
POINT
Another recommendation is access to any other doors of the facility. direct visitors towards the main doors,
controlling access to the building. All of the doors should be locked and explaining that the main doors of the
Access can be controlled by funneling the visitor should be directed to one school are the only public access point.
all of the visitors to one location, where main access point (New York State This entrance should be monitored by
they can be vetted and then granted Education Department 2013). The school staff (New York State Education
access. Visitors should not be permitted use of signs on all of the doors can Department 2013).

The Counter Terrorist ~ April/May 2017 11

ARDEN HILLS, Minn. - Minnesota National Guard Soldiers participate in an active shooter exercise with the Ramsey County Sheriff’s Office
and nearly a dozen other law enforcement, fire and emergency medical organization. National Guard photo by Sgt. 1st Class Ben Houtkooper.

THE MANTRAP
This entrance can be further secured
by the use of a mantrap system. This
can be done with a locked exterior
door, a booth area for vetting, and a
locked interior access door. (IAHSS
2012) The concept is as follows: A
visitor approaches the school to gain
access and s/he is directed by signs
to the main entrance. At the exterior
door to the main entrance the visitor
can press an intercom to request access
to the school and state his/her reason
for the visit. The school faculty can
then visually inspect the visitor via
camera or through the glass and can
then unlock the exterior door. Once
the visitor enters through the exterior
door, s/he is not in the school yet. S/he
is in the mantrap area, where s/he will
be required to present identification
and be further vetted by faculty.
Faculty should not be in the vestibule
or mantrap area with the visitor, but
instead should be communicating
with him/her through glass or a
small window. Once the faculty has

12 The Counter Terrorist ~ April/May 2017

 Members of a Special Response Team review entrances to a building during a training exercise at Marine
Corps Air Station Cherry Point, N.C. Photo: Mauricio Campino

successfully vetted him/her, then the
visitor is permitted to have access to
the building and the interior door is
unlocked. If there is any glass inside
the mantrap area, it should also be
burglar-proof tempered glass or be
laminated to prevent it from being
easily circumvented. This mantrap
allows the school to deny access to a
potential intruder with the entrance
layout providing the needed physical
structural support.
THE CLASSROOM
DOORS
In the Virginia Tech attack, the
unlocked classroom doors were the
only things that stood between the
attacker and the students. There were
failed attempts and successful attempts
to hold the doors shut and prevent
access to the killer. The research data
from the Virginia Tech case study
revealed that those individuals who
took defensive action and were able
to keep the doors closed and deny
access to the shooter survived (Blair,
Nichols, Burns, and Curnutt 2013).
The classroom door may be that
critical line of defense against an active

The Counter Terrorist ~ April/May 2017 13

 President George W. Bush visits a memorial for the victims as the President and Mrs. Laura Bush stop to pay their respects at a campus
memorial in Blacksburg, Virgina, 2007, honoring the shooting victims at Virginia Tech. White House photo by Eric Draper
shooter. There are different types
of classroom doors that use varying
amounts of glass in them. Just like
exterior doors, there are simple steps
that can be taken to retrofit glass with a
laminate that will obstruct or delay an
intruder’s access into the room. These
doors when locked should not be easily
circumvented.
The locks on these doors should
be easy to engage. There was an
active shooter simulation conducted
by the Advanced Law Enforcement
Rapid Response Training (ALERRT)
Organization designed specifically to
test locking doors under duress. There
was a significant difference in the
results depending on the whether the
14 The Counter Terrorist ~ April/May 2017
teacher had to engage a simple thumb
lock or had to use keys to lock the door.
The experiment revealed that in the
instances where the teacher used a thumb
lock, there was an average of 1.6 injuries
and 1.4 fatalities. In the instances where
the teacher used a key lock, there was an
average of 3.8 injuries and 2.4 fatalities
(Kringen, Blair, and Martaindale 2015).
The door may be one of the last lines
of defense for a teacher with his/her
students and it should be easy to lock and
extremely difficult to get through.
Law enforcement has been entrusted
with the opportunity to bring to
light vulnerabilities and provide
recommendations on ways to mitigate
them. While teachers and other faculty
may have intimate knowledge of
these vulnerabilities, sometimes it is
advantageous for everyone to learn
about them when the teaching comes
from professionals whose job it is to
protect the community from violence.
Just as fire safety has become so well
established in schools, it is time that
law enforcement impart its passion for
safety from violence into the schools.
We share an ultimate responsibility
with educators throughout the nation
to help keep our children safe. When
it comes to schools, security should
incorporate a hardened exterior, a
single entrance point with a mantrap,
and easy-to-lock secure classroom
doors.
REFERENCES
Bernhardt, A. 2016. “How Can
Law Enforcement Harden Schools
And Other Soft Targets In Their AOR:
Preparing The School Faculty For An
Active Shooter Event.” The Counter
Terrorist, 9(4), 44-49.
Bernhardt, A. 2016. “Harden
Schools and Other Soft Targets in
Their AOR: Part 2. The Threat From
Within.” The Counter Terrorist, 9(5),
48-54.
Blair, J. P., Nichols, T., Burns,
D., and Curnutt, J. R. 2013. Active
Shooter Events and Response. Boca
Raton, FL: CRC Press Taylor & Francis
Group.
Blair, J. P., and Schweit, K. W. 2014.
A Study of Active Shooter Incidents,
2000-2013. (Texas State University and
Federal Bureau of Investigation, U.S.
Department of Justice). Washington,
DC: Government Printing Office.
Campbell, R. 2013. Structure Fires
in Educational Properties. http://www.
nfpa.org/research/reports-and-statistics/
fires-by-property-type/educational/
structure-fires-in-educational-properties
“International Association for
Healthcare Security and Safety.” 2012.
In Security Design Guidelines for
Healthcare Facilities, edited by D.
MacAlister, K. M. Tuohey, and T. York.
Glendale Heights, IL: International
Association for Healthcare Security and
Safety.
Kringen, J. A., Blair, P., and
Martaindale, H. 2015. Agent-based
simulations as pseudo-experiments
on active shooter response protocols.
University of New Haven: Advanced
Law Enforcement Rapid Response
Training (ALERRT) Organization.
New York State Education
Department. 2013. New York State
School Safety Guide. In New York
State School Safety Guide (Revised
2013). New York: New York State
Education Department, New York
State Police, New York State Office
of Homeland Security, New York
State Division of Criminal Justice
Services, and New York State Office of
Emergency Management.
NYPD Printing Section. (2012).
Active Shooter Recommendations and Law enforcement has
Analysis for Risk Mitigation (2012 been entrusted with the
Edition). http://www.nyc.gov/html/
nypd/downloads/pdf/counterterrorism/ opportunity to bring
ActiveShooter2012Edition.pdf to light vulnerabilities
Raghunathan, A., Massello, R., Zalis,
W., and Aldape, L. 2015. Workshop and provide
on School Safety, Codes and Security. recommendations on
http://www.nfpa.org/
Shelton, A. J., Owens, E. W., and
ways to mitigate them.
Song, H. 2009. “An Examination of
Public School Safety Measures Across
Geographic Settings.” Journal of
School Health, 79(1). http://www.ncbi.
nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19149782 •
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Amery Bernhardt is a Sergeant with
the Westchester County Department of
Public Safety in New York. He has 15
years of law enforcement experience. He
is currently assigned to Patrol Operations,
and his responsibilities include
coordinating the department’s School
Resource Officer program. Sergeant
Bernhardt is certified as an instructor
for law enforcement and civilian active
shooter response through the Advanced
Law Enforcement Rapid Response
Training program. He has conducted
training and numerous exercises with
schools and law enforcement agencies
throughout Westchester County.
The Counter Terrorist ~ April/May 2017 15
 EMAIL
CRIMES
FUNDING
GLOBAL
TERROR

16 The Counter Terrorist ~ April/May 2017

by Kent Cartwright
“It’s Not Just Who Emails
Are From, It’s Where.”
CYBER CRIME REACHES
JANET AT WORK
I t’s 8:35 am on a Tuesday morning,
and Janet has arrived at her work
desk, as she has for the past twelve years.
Janet is a hard worker, and has a great
work ethic. She is the glue that holds
the office together when the company
is busy. Janet has opened her email and
sees and email from her boss, the owner
of the company.
The email reads:
Good morning Janet,
One of our vendors (ACME steel) will
be contacting you this morning about our
recent purchase of wall materials being put
into the warehouse by David and his team.
The Counter Terrorist ~ April/May 2017 17
Please go ahead and use my card to pay the
$4,450 fee and I will resolve it once I get
to the office about 11am.
Let me know if you have any questions.
Bill Cramer
CEO-Founder
Approximately 15 minutes later,
Janet’s phone rings and it’s Cynthia from
ACME steel, who promptly takes the
payment and thanks Janet for handling
this issue first thing in the morning.
In this example, Janet has just paid
over $4,000 to someone who will
eventually fund a firearm purchase
in Syria. Janet, the prompt and

Once the server
has been selected
and compromised by
the cyber criminals,
it becomes a race
against the clock to
use the server (or other
host) before the owner
has detected the
criminal’s presence.
hardworking employee, never really
received an email from the owner of the
company, or a company called ACME
steel. The email and the phone call were
from one of the thousands of centralized
centers sponsoring this kind of criminal
activity. In fact, annual revenue to these
online virtual crime centers exceeds
$2.5 billion dollars a year. These cyber
criminals gain a new victim every 82
seconds on average, twenty-four hours a
day, seven days a week.
CYBER CRIMINALS
QUICKLY INVEST THEIR
FREE MONEY
So, where does all that free money
go? Some of it goes to general travel,
creating fake passports, housing, and
even gambling ventures. After all, if they
win at gambling, they get more money.
If they lose, they just go scam more
money from people with malware and
ransomware. Or, maybe just another
boss scam email campaign like the one
experienced by Janet in the first example.
Due to fast turnaround and the use
of existing infrastructure to hold cash,
the drug trade most directly connects
the scammed dollars to the people who
18 The Counter Terrorist ~ April/May 2017
fund and support terror organizations.
The money collected by ransomware
and other socially-engineered crimes
primarily goes to the raw materials
and labor used for the illegal drug
production, while hundreds of millions
of dollars go to complex transactions
like the resale of military equipment, or
something as simple as the daily living
expenses of a criminal network. Every
step taken to reduce this revenue stream
is a step toward the reduction of global
terror networks and the cyber criminal
networks that support them.
UNDERSTANDING AN
EMAIL’S ORIGIN
Before we look at correlating email
crime revenue to the funding of terror
organizations, we need to review some
less obvious things about email crimes.
Most email crimes don’t occur from
someone’s home PC, but they do come
from somewhere. The email criminal is
looking for a weakly protected server at
a web site provider, or perhaps a desktop
PC owned by a student in India. These
cyber criminals may also look for a
computer host that has the operating
system they are best at penetrating
(i.e. Windows, Linux). They are
always looking for computer operating
systems that haven’t been patched for
vulnerabilities in a long time. Many of
these criminals will use emails to deliver
malware via links in the email, or use
attachments like documents or computer
“helper” programs that aren’t what they
seem.
The cyber criminals themselves
aren’t typically computer security
experts, because they don’t have to be.
Criminals simply use stolen money
to purchase vulnerable information
found by the people who are computer
experts. All the criminal really needs
is a set of instructions and a bunch of
unsuspecting email addresses to begin
their rampage on their victim’s bank
accounts.
Once the server has been selected and
compromised by the cyber criminals,
it becomes a race against the clock to
use the server (or other host) before
the owner has detected the criminal’s
presence. Within minutes, the hijacked
server (or other computer system) has
sent millions of scam emails that are
directing cash from their victims directly
to accounts that are untraceable, or in
the form of non-standard revenue like
bitcoin.
Many of the people perpetrating these
crimes don’t even return the computer
back to the victim after the ransom is
paid. Ironically, this is because it would
cost the criminals more to build a
program that returns the computer to its
original state.
The email criminal by may be in
Miami, Florida, but the unpatched
server that sent the email crimes may be
in a university computer lab in Germany
that hasn’t had an IT team in five years
due to lost funding.
In our earlier email fraud example,
Janet’s email from her boss in Tempe,
Arizona came from a hijacked PC in
Vietnam. If only Janet could have
known that before receiving the call for
a terror-funding money transfer.
A GEOLOCATION
PERSPECTIVE OF EMAIL
CRIME COMES INTO
VIEW
Email security is an investment, like
any security technology strategy. The
more you invest in protecting yourself
or your customers from cyber crimes,
the less crime will typically occur, even
though no strategy is 100% effective.
A data center with a lack of security investment is a breeding ground for the email cyber crime used to fund terror activities. Security
investment takes a geo-perspective, as shown in red sections of the map where phishing and malware concentrations exist.

Cyber criminals who generate revenue
from email campaigns aren’t looking for
the ultimate hack to show their skills.
They’re looking for the easiest path to
revenue.
As you would see in a side road motel,
where the front desk attendant is asleep
and the locks are old, criminals will
check in and set up shop, always making
sure not to close the motel, or remind
the hotel owner that they are there.
Security investment in email
infrastructure can generally be classified
by the wealth of the country (or other
entity) the computer host resides
in. Weak government laws and little
enforcement, a lack of funding for
security staff, a lack of controls around
patching, not enforcing password
expirations, and a loss of other security
best practices has pushed criminals
literally into specific corners of the
world. These computer systems, even
if the criminal themselves are not, are
generally located in the same regions
we see reported as terror-sponsoring/
sponsored states.
U.S. EFFORTS CAUSING
GEOLOCATED CYBER
CRIME
The U.S. Congress has taken
some serious steps toward protecting
companies, government networks, and
U.S. citizens from cyber crime. The
U.S. Senate Intelligence Committee
met in January of 2017 to review the
impact of email compromise for every
aspect of life in the U.S., including
the potential impact on a presidential
election, but ultimately resolved to
the American public that they need to
protect themselves and stop looking to
the government for answers to computer
cyber crimes, 85% of which occur
over email. But the U.S. government’s
efforts are better than most, and the
best security innovation and investment
in the world take place in the U.S., so
U.S. companies are just too difficult
to compromise for email campaigns,
as compared to their international
counterparts. These U.S. entities are
instead targets of the crimes, instead of
systems that deliver them.
CLOUD EXPANSION
CAUSING GEOLOCATED
CYBER CRIME
As cloud providers have taken on the
responsibility of email security, they
also balance the open nature of email
communications. After all, many of
their customers will have entities in
other countries that send and receive
legitimate emails to them.
Thus, the geolocation door is left
open and instead extreme efforts are
taken for user authentication (password)
protection and watching for anomalies
in network traffic, as in the case of
government and corporate entities
scrambling email content.
The cloud-based email platforms
have continued to push crime and

The Counter Terrorist ~ April/May 2017 19

activity that supports terror efforts into
less capable network environments.
Committing bulk email crimes in cloud
environments turns up as abnormal
activity, while a simple customer
complaint about an email scam can give
20 The Counter Terrorist ~ April/May 2017
cloud providers all they need to trace the to improve performance and reduce
email sender down to their IP address costs, unless it is to be sent to someone
and block it while pursuing charges in another country. This strict cloud
where they can. This is not the world traffic behavior makes geolocating emails
a cyber criminal supporting terrorist even more revealing, even when both the
activities wants to operate in. sender and recipient are part of the same
Many cloud global cloud provider.
providers will have
U.S.-based data BANKING RULES
center resources CAUSING GEOLOCATED
and email server
CYBER CRIME
resources offshore.
Continued email fraud geolocation-
Their email traffic
restriction comes into play when the
is designed to
cyber criminals want to collect money
stay within the
from their victims, or transfer it to
country of origin
terror organizations. Banking systems
in the U.S. and many developed
countries have become very sensitive
to money movement to identify, stop,
and prosecute banking fraud used by
the criminals who are sending phishing,
malware, and ransomware emails. This
intensification of money monitoring It isn’t that all malicious emails come from
has further forced the criminal activity
into less-managed global locations, the
non-U.S. sites, but most email crimes do.
same locations reported by the U.S.
government as terror-prone, having
restricted travel for safety, or other global
warning messages.

THE GEOLOCATION OF
EMAILS
Not who the email came from,
where the email came from. With all
that we have discussed in this article, it
becomes clear that most email crimes
come from certain places due to the
same circumstances that cause all
global crimes to occur. Current security
efforts, in critical and well-funded email
environments, are working to make sure
the sender is verified at a high level, and
checking if emails contain web links
that are known dangers, and some even
encrypting the email to scramble its
contents, ensuring the email recipient is Above: Goldeneye Ransomware. Personal decryption code. Photo: BlueBreezeWiki. Top: Frame of
the only one that can read it. an animation by the Federal Trade Commission intended to educate citizens about phishing tactics.
But, it has become the physical global
origin of an email that can provide the When a server in the U.S. begins to LOCATING THE EMAIL
most understanding into an email’s propagate email crimes, it is found, SENDER FROM THEIR
intentions, and it needs to be done at a plugged, and reported. That server host
desktop email client to provide the last
EMAIL LOCATION
becomes part of a blacklist, until it is
As we have seen, crimes that use bulk
line of defense against email compromise. verified to be on track for security again.
email delivery prefer systems that will
It isn’t that all malicious emails come In less secure countries, this process is
allow massive computing power with
from non-U.S. sites, but most email rarely followed, or not in place at all.
little notice of their activities, and rarely
crimes do. Another major factor in For non-U.S. servers, it is typically a
does the email sender reside in the same
the physical locations of hosts that get U.S.-based entity that identifies, plugs,
location as the systems they use for these
away with cyber crimes is the white list/ and reports that email source to protect
purposes.
blacklist approach to threat prevention. U.S. assets.

The Counter Terrorist ~ April/May 2017 21


But, terror-related activity can (and
does) sometimes occur directly from
the computer system the criminal is
using. Examples of this could be bomb
threats to educational institutions, direct
threats to someone’s general safety, or
the phishing of information for stalking a
victim’s residence or work place. In these
cases, knowing the origin of an email can
lead investigators almost directly to the
person sending it.
In cases of first responders using emails
from runaways to their parents, emails
received from suicide threats who won’t
disclose their locations, or emails received
requesting assistance where no phone is
located and their location is unknown,
having the ability to determine “email
22 The Counter Terrorist ~ April/May 2017
A DCIS special agent investigates cyber crime within the DOD. Photo: Jplozai
origin” can be the difference in minutes
between life and death.
CONCLUSION
As we build an awareness of an email’s
geographic origins, we begin to build
a “trust wall” between the end users
and the criminals plotting to lock their
computers, steal their passwords, or just
gather intelligence for other crimes.
Email security teams everywhere
need to provide an understanding of
an email’s literal geographical origin
as it arrives in user mailboxes (after
cloud email processing), and the best
place to do that is at the desktop email
client where security decisions are made
in real-time as people work, play, and
communicate every day.
Knowing where an email came from,
as much as who it came from, can reveal
an email’s intentions and provide that
one last piece of awareness to stop,
glance, geolocate, resolve, before acting
on an email’s content. •
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Kent Cartwright- CTO & Co-
Founder at eMailGPS
With over 27 years in business
technology experience, Mr. Cartwright
has provided business service
monitoring strategies, professional
services, support, and alignment of
people, process, and technology for
some of the largest network enterprises
in the world.
 YOU ARE DRIVEN TO

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Circle 25 on Reader Service Card The Counter Terrorist ~ April/May 2017 23

 WHY DO
AMERICAN
COMBAT
SOLDIERS
SUFFER FROM
PTSD MORE
THAN THEIR
COUNTERPARTS?
by Forest Rain

Many Marines return to the states with vivid memories of their combat experiences, and the array of emotions they face internally may be hard
to detect. While changes in behavior are more obvious, symptoms can also manifest in physical form. Photo: U.S. Marines from Arlington, VA.

24 The Counter Terrorist ~ February/March

April/May 20172017
PTSD in Israel’s Defense Forces
Are Among the Lowest in
Militaries Worldwide.
I n 2013, the Israel Defense Forces
Medical Corps Mental Health
Department released a study on post-
traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
According to the study, reported cases
of post-traumatic stress disorder among
Israeli soldiers are among the lowest in
militaries worldwide.
For example, following the 2006
Second Lebanon War, 1.5% of Israeli
soldiers in mandatory service and in the
reserves were diagnosed with PTSD.
Some 2.9% of the servicemen who took
part in the military campaign sought
psychological help after the war, but
were not diagnosed as suffering from
PTSD. In contrast, a U.S. Army Medical
Corps study done in approximately
the same time period found that about
8% of U.S. soldiers who served in Iraq
and Afghanistan had been diagnosed as
suffering from PTSD.
According to the IDF study, PTSD
diagnoses in other militaries worldwide
ranged from 2% to 17% of troops who
participated in combat.
The Counter Terrorist ~ April/May 2017 25
A casual observation of the prevalence
of U.S. veteran addiction, homelessness
and suicide indicates a severe problem,
especially when it is understood that
often these issues are connected with
PTSD and it is further understood that
the statistics are not the same everywhere.
In other words: it doesn’t have to be this
way. It becomes all the more imperative
to understand what makes IDF soldiers
different.
Today, with the rise in terrorism
worldwide, there is added impetus to
understand PTSD. While one might
be more likely to discover PTSD in
soldiers, security forces or rescue workers,
anyone who has been exposed to highly
traumatic situations (such as a terror
attack) could also be afflicted with PTSD.
Just ask the people who worked next to
the Twin Towers, the children of Beslan,
the Bastille Day revelers in Nice, or any
Israeli citizen.

WHAT IS PTSD?
Post-traumatic stress disorder, or
PTSD, is a term that many have heard
and few seem to truly understand.
Historically, a percentage of soldiers
who went to war developed odd-
seeming behaviors that were not initially
understood by those who remained
behind. Some WWI soldiers experienced
panic, terror, or flight, an inability to
reason, sleep, walk or talk and were
diagnosed with “shell shock.” In WWII,
similar symptoms were called “combat
stress reaction.” Soldiers of the Vietnam
War were said to have “post traumatic
stress disorder.”
What all the soldiers had in common
was that, contrary to apparent logic,
removal from the field of combat did not
relieve the symptoms.
Movies about the experiences of soldiers
during and after the Vietnam War brought
PTSD to public awareness but did little to
create understanding or educate people in
how to cope with the disorder.
One of the major challenges in
understanding PTSD is the fact that
most soldiers do not develop the
disorder. Since soldiers who have seen
combat have similar experiences, and
most can readapt to civilian life relatively
smoothly, many assumed that the small
percentage that were unable to do so
were flawed in some way and even An Israeli soldier with PTSD, who also suffers from a split personality.
Photo: Shiran Golan Pikiwiki, Israel

26 The Counter Terrorist ~ April/May 2017

 How can you heal damage to your soul (or emotions) by fixing a
flaw in your physiology? This would be like trying to fill your car’s
empty gas tank by changing a tire.
attributed their symptoms to cowardice.
Reading American literature on PTSD
shines light on why so many people find
the condition confusing. The research is
varied and results are often conflicting.
Much of the material consists of long lists
of possible symptoms and hypotheses
regarding what types of physical/
biological conditions might lead to a
predisposition towards the disorder.
The material raises more questions
than it answers. Most significantly: why
are only some of the people exposed to
trauma afflicted?
It seems that much of the research was
done with the goal of finding medication
that could solve the problem. This
suggests a number of assumptions:
a) There is something psychologically
flawed in the person suffering from
PTSD.
b) The problem is caused by or has
created a chemical imbalance that can be
controlled by external methods (drugs) to
solve or at least control the situation.
c) There is a potential for profit:
purchase the right solution and the
patient can be cured.
To contrast, this explanation is from
Israel’s National Trauma Center for
Victims of Terrorism and War:
When exposed to a traumatic event, the
emotional/psychological system is flooded
with more stimuli than it can contain
and process. The stimuli remain in the
system, in their raw, unprocessed state and
occasionally return, forcing their way in
to the person’s awareness in their original
form. As a result, the sufferer re-experiences
the traumatic situation, as a physical or
emotional experience, exactly as if it were
occurring all over again. Images, memories,
noises and odors that were part of the
original traumatic experience return, in
an overwhelming manner that feels like an
assault. Since this intrusive, uncontrollable
experience is in and of itself traumatic,
victims make an effort to avoid anything
that might remind them of the traumatic
event, creating a cycle of the intrusion and
avoidance. This cycle is the heart of Post-
Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD).
It is interesting to note that the
word used in the Hebrew text that was
translated as “the emotional/psychological
system” actually means the system of the
“soul.” In Israel, health-related issues are
divided into those relating to the physical
body and those relating to the soul. Those
who desire to do so can interpret the
term “soul” as an emotional system or
as a psychological system, but no matter
how this is interpreted, it is understood
that there are issues that are physical and
issues that are intangible, i.e. of the soul.
Language can dictate the way we think of
things and often change outcomes.
It is not a matter of simple
terminology; this is a fundamental
difference in medical approach that
influences both understanding and
treatment. How can you heal damage to
your soul (or emotions) by fixing a flaw
in your physiology? This would be like
trying to fill your car’s empty gas tank by
changing a tire.
The Counter Terrorist ~ April/May 2017 27
THE SYMPTOMS OF
POST TRAUMA ARE A
NORMAL REACTION
TO AN UNNATURAL
SITUATION
It is important to understand that
PTSD does not indicate weakness, a flaw
in character, moral fiber or temperament.
The symptoms of PTSD are emotional
and physical sensations that then become
exacerbated due to behaviors that are the
result of the intrusion–avoidance cycle.
Intrusion
Comprehending the burden of
intrusive traumatic events is difficult for
anyone who has not had the experience.
Probably most people would picture the
types of flashback scenes they saw in
movies: the soldier, back in civilian life,
hears a loud noise, a car back-firing or a
door slam, and suddenly has a flashback
to being shot at on the battlefield or
having bombs exploding next to him.
While cinematographic constructs of
flashbacks are dramatic, they are actually
poor explanations of what is being
experienced. The intrusive memory is not
a flash-back but more like a flash-now.
Something in the present triggers the
memory of the experience of the event
with all of its physical and emotional
sensations. The person is not transported
back to their memory, rather the event is
recreated and relived in the present.
“Burning chicken smells
Pfc. Ben Bradley (left), a Bulldog Troop, Red Platoon scout from the 7th Squadron, 10th Cavalry Regiment, ducks away from insurgent
machine gun fire, as fellow scout Sgt. Jeff Sheppard, launches a M-203 grenade at the enemy’s position, during a combat engagement in
northern Bala Murghab Valley, Badghis province, Afghanistan April, 2011. Bradley, Sheppard, Air Force Tech. Sgt. Kevin Wallace, Navy Petty
Officer 2rd Class Ryan Lee and his military working dog “Valdo” were wounded by a rocket propelled grenade blast in the engagement. Photo:
Master Sgt. Kevin Wallace

exactly the same as soldiers
burning in a tank.”
One day I was cooking chicken.
Distracted, I accidently let it burn.
My husband had an extreme,
disproportionate reaction I found utterly
incomprehensible. I thought to myself,
“Why is he so upset? Only part of it
burned, it isn’t ruined, and anyway, it’s
just food…” Seeing I didn’t understand,
he took a breath and told me: “Burning
chicken smells exactly the same as soldiers
burning in a tank.” He walked out of
the room and I didn’t ask any more
questions. I have made sure to never let
chicken burn since.
Imagine being in your living room,
waiting for dinner to be ready. Nothing
can be more banal. Suddenly a smell
triggers the memory of soldiers being
burned alive in a tank. Many soldiers
have had this experience and can recall
the smell. Only some of these soldiers
have PTSD that manifests in intrusive
memories of the event. What’s the
difference?
Standard memory: The person
will recognize that the smell they smell
today is like what they smelled as a
soldier, on the battlefield. This may bring
up other upsetting details of the event
and yet the person remains in control of
their memory. They are in the here and
now and are recalling something that
happened in the past. They are looking at
their memory, not reliving it.
PTSD intrusive memory: The
smell triggers the memory and suddenly
the burning tank is in the living room,
the feelings of that event washing over
the person in an uncontrollable manner.
He isn’t recalling the event; he is re-
experiencing it now, in the present.
Intrusive symptoms can include an
all-sensory or partial sensory reexperience
of the traumatic event. Often senses that
one is not entirely aware of at the time
take on a powerful role in the sense-
memory (such as smell or sound). The
sense of danger that overwhelmed the
person at the time overwhelms them
again. They might feel panic, an urge
to flee, and maybe a feeling of fury at
themselves or others.
These uncontrollable feelings are
upsetting. Not knowing what might
trigger them causes an underlying
constant stress, making it hard to
concentrate and function normally. Fear
of the experiences resurfacing in dreams
or nightmares can cause insomnia, which

JBLM leaders discuss Army’s new direction for PTSD evaluations.

28 The Counter Terrorist ~ April/May 2017

can then lead to physical health issues.
Often, the victim does not understand
what is happening, which in turn
increases the feeling of helplessness and
intensifies the suffering.
Avoidance
The intrusive traumatic memories are
so unpleasant that the person suffering
from them instinctively takes steps to
avoid them. This can manifest in a wide
variety of ways including:
• Efforts not to think, feel or talk
about the traumatic event.
• Avoiding places, activities, and
people who might trigger memories of
the traumatic event.
• Memory suppression of the event,
Sgt. Shane P. Santelli, therapeutically paints through his PTSD healing process. He donates 70 percent of the proceeds from the sale of his
paintings to military friendly organizations. Photo: Lance Cpl. Andrea Cleopatra Dickerson
which leads to difficulty remembering
details of the experience even when this is
desired. (This can be an issue with victims
of a violent crime who need to testify in a
courtroom.)
I once heard a U.S. Marine who fought
in the Battle of Fallujah explain that he
felt “quenched” like a steel sword that
had been heated up and cooled down in
order to be forged into the sharp Marine
he was trained to be. He felt that this
had turned off his emotions, making
their expression next to impossible. This
is an interesting description, particularly
as this soldier also suffered from PTSD
and it is actually the fear of reliving the
traumatic experience that causes many
people experiencing the disorder to shut
The Counter Terrorist ~ April/May 2017 29
down their emotions. Knowing that
the traumatic experience can suddenly
resurface but not knowing when this
might happen causes extreme stress
(hyperarousal). This leads many people
to become irritable, impatient, defensive,
and prone to angry outbursts. Others
begin to avoid all emotions. These people
find it difficult to feel warm emotions,
even toward those they love, and they
begin to find it impossible to enjoy
activities that previously brought them
joy (a strong emotion).
Avoidance may serve the victim well
in the short run, creating the illusion
of control over the problem, but in the
long run avoidance becomes a fixation
and significantly damages the quality
of life. Over time, continuous use of
avoidance as a coping mechanism can
actually exacerbate the problem. The
desire to avoid in itself is evidence that
the intrusive element of the trauma is still
present and will, sooner or later, return in
the form of intrusive symptoms.
WHO IS SUSCEPTIBLE TO
PTSD?
My experience with people traumatized
by war and terrorism has revealed a
pattern indicating who is susceptible to
PTSD. Although much stigma has been
attached to PTSD, it is
important to note that it
has nothing to do with
cowardice or any type of
flaw in personality. In fact,
the opposite is true.
The people who are
more susceptible to PTSD
are the ones who are more
sensitive, the people who
are capable of imagining:
“What if?” These are the
people who imagine,
“What if I had been the
one who was shot?” They
wonder to themselves
why it wasn’t them. Very
often these are the most
heroic people. They are the
soldiers who, with their
ingenuity and courage, in
addition to saving themselves, succeed
in pulling two friends out of a burning
tank and later berate themselves for
being unable to save the third soldier
who remained behind. They are the ones
who hold themselves up to impossible
standards, who have the highest levels of
compassion and are willing to sacrifice
the most for others.
These people are not less courageous;
they are more courageous. The intrusive
traumatic memories they experience often
30 The Counter Terrorist ~ April/May 2017
lead them to think poorly of themselves,
be angry at themselves for being fearful.
But true courage is not lack of fear. It is the
ability to feel fear and do what is necessary
despite the fear. People suffering from
PTSD die a thousand deaths, experience
a thousand traumas. Being able to endure
this and continue to do other activities is
nothing short of astounding.
WHY DO ISRAELI
SOLDIERS SUFFER LESS?
Israeli soldiers aren’t different. It is
Israel itself that is different.
Experience
Unlike in other first world democracies,
there is no person in Israel who is
untouched by terrorism or war; soldiers
are an integral part of Israeli society.
The IDF is a citizens’ army, consisting
of our fathers, brothers, husbands,
friends, sisters, and daughters. Almost
every household has a soldier, if not a
number of soldiers, many of whom have
fought in multiple wars. Those who
don’t have a soldier in their own family
live next to a household with a soldier.
Virtually every person does reserve duty
and/or has colleagues who take leave from
work to go to reserve duty. Israelis pass
soldiers on the bus, in the train and in the
store. Even those portions of society that
do not enlist (such as Orthodox Jews)
have seen soldiers and had interactions
with soldiers. This means that many
Israelis who have not themselves been on
a battlefield have secondary experience
with those who have. They have dealt
with injuries and deaths of friends and
family, brothers, and sisters.
The prevalence of terrorism
means that there is little
separation between the soldier on
the battlefield and the mother in
her home, the child walking to
school, or the father driving to
work. Many Israeli civilians have
found themselves under attack by
terrorists with rocks, knives, guns,
and suicide bombs. Others have
witnessed attacks or seen their
aftermath. Others are related or
connected with those who have
been in these situations.
The average Israeli knows
or can imagine what a soldier
or a victim of terrorism has
experienced. Personal experience
creates understanding and
compassion for the pain of others.
History
Israel’s current generation of forty- to
sixty-year-olds grew up with Holocaust
survivors. They didn’t understand the
survivors or their sometimes-strange
behaviors. Some survivors picked up
half-eaten sandwiches that other people
had thrown away and put them in their
pockets, just in case. Others were terrified
of dogs. Some clung to their children.
Others almost never touched their
children. Some were perfectly normal in
the day but screamed in their sleep.
It took many years for people
to understand that these behaviors
developed as a result of the extreme
trauma the survivors had experienced.
Later on, it was discovered that trauma
could be passed on, that the second
generation, the children of the survivors,
had developed their own form of trauma-
related behaviors.
The average Israeli knows that terrible
experiences alter the psyche and affect
behavior.
Attitude
“What doesn’t kill you makes you
stronger.”
Israelis have developed an attitude
of “What doesn’t kill you makes you
stronger.” Although this expression
is often said jokingly, regarding small
uncomfortable situations like going
to the dentist or telling a child to do
something they don’t like, it is indicative
of a societal mindset. Israelis’ experiences
as individuals and as a nation have taught
that terrible things will happen. Some
people will die as a result but those who
survive will be stronger because of it. This
is the mindset of resilience.
“Maybe it’s because of something he
experienced.”
A lawyer I once met was obviously
brilliant but also obsessive and prone
to temperamental fits. I was told about
him: “Oh yeah, he’s nuts. But maybe it’s
because of something he went through
[as a soldier].” In a single breath, there
was a swift judgement, forgiveness and
understanding.
Generally Israeli society is willing to give
people the benefit of the doubt and forgive
unpleasant behaviors if and when they are
a result of previously experienced trauma.
It’s different when you are fighting for
your home
One of the reasons traumatic events
can be scarring is that they often seem
completely random, creating a feeling of
helplessness. The soldier may question
why his friend was killed and not him.
After all, seconds before, he was standing
exactly where his friends stood when the
bomb exploded. The person riding the
earlier bus might question why she left
the house earlier that day and wasn’t on
the bus that was blown up in the terror
attack—the bus she normally rode to
work. The lack of control over traumatic
events that occurred or could occur in
the future is frightening. In Israel, this
is tempered with a collective purpose.
Everyone goes to the army for the same
reason. Everyone suffers from terror
attacks for the same reason. The individual
cannot control what is happening but at
least they know why it’s happening.
Love
Honor is something you do from far
away. Love is something up close and
personal. While Americans honor and
respect their soldiers, Israelis love their
soldiers passionately. To Israelis, soldiers
aren’t heroic figures you throw parades
for and give medals to. They are our boys,
our girls, our family. You feed them, make
sure they are warm and comfortable, let
them sleep on your shoulder next to you
on the bus. It doesn’t matter if you never
saw them before and don’t know their
name. It doesn’t matter if they come from
a different background than you or have
a personality you don’t like. The minute
they put on the uniform, they belong to
you and you belong to them. Each soldier
could be anyone’s soldier, so you do for
someone else’s son or daughter exactly
what you would hope someone would do
for yours.
CONCLUSION
When it is understood that PTSD is
not a physiological problem but a type
The Counter Terrorist ~ April/May 2017 31
of emotional poison that overloads the
soul/psyche, effective measures can be
taken to both prevent and treat those
that are suffering.
Drugs may numb symptoms like
anxiety or insomnia, but they cannot heal
the symptoms, because they don’t address
the cause of the problem.
The greatest need for someone suffering
from PTSD is to be understood and
then to find an outlet for their emotions.
For this reason, many of the beneficial
support programs developed combine
work with animals (who do not demand
explanations and don’t judge) or non-
verbal activities that create a peaceful
place for the soul/psyche, such as art
therapy or physical activity in nature.
One of the most powerful ways to regain
the feeling of control that PTSD steals
from the victim is to empower them to
mentor others. Who better to teach that
every one of us has the choice to be a
•
survivor, not a victim?
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Forest Rain was born in Detroit and
immigrated with her family to Israel
at the age of thirteen. She served in
the IDF Northern Command as an
Ordnance Corps Personnel Coordination
Sgt. After her service, Forest Rain co-
developed and co-directed a project to
aid victims of terrorism and war. These
activities gave her extensive firsthand
experience with the emotional and
psychological processes of civilians,
soldiers and their families, wounded
and/or bereaved and traumatized by
terrorism and war (grief, guilt, PTSD,
etc.). Forest Rain is a Marketing
Communications and Branding expert.
Connect with Forest Rain
Inspiration from Zion: www.
InspirationFromZion.com
Twitter: @frisrael
Email: lionheart.e@gmail.com
HYPERBARIC
OXYGEN
THERAPY
Helping Those with the
Invisible Wounds of War
by Anthony E. Jones, Major U.S.
Air Force, ret.

Navy Petty Officer 3rd Class Benjamin Knauth (blue), a 29-year-old native of Centennial, Colo., and Petty Officer 2nd Class Dustin Koch,
a 26-year-old native of Las Cruces, N.M., corpsmen with 3rd Battalion, 3rd Marine Regiment, place reassuring hands on the shoulder of
an Afghan National Policeman while examining his injuries in the battalion aid station here following an attack by a suicide bomber in
Helmand province’s Garmsir district, April 19, 2012. U.S. Marine Corps photo by Cpl. Reece Lodder

32 The Counter Terrorist ~ April/May 2017

In the spring of 2010, one of my students
in our tactical driving course told me about
hyperbaric oxygen therapy, or HBOT, for war
veterans with traumatic brain injury (TBI).

H
e had noticed my headaches
and I had told him that I
had been blown up in Iraq, resulting
in multiple concussions. He also told
me about two U.S. Air Force airmen,
injured by a roadside improvised
explosive device (IED) blast in Iraq,
who had been helped by HBOT. He
went on about the research and success
of Dr. Paul Harch, of Louisiana State
University School of Medicine. At first,
I assumed he had watched one too
many YouTube videos, but then I found
out this young man had a PhD, and
was entrenched deeply in the industry.
Always searching for a way to ease my
“brain pain” (what I call my headaches)
and to bypass a future of possible

The Counter Terrorist ~ April/May 2017 33

 The author’s home HBOT Chamber. Photo: Major Jones.
Alzheimer’s, I started looking into it.
In HBOT, the patient breathes pure
oxygen, under pressure, which speeds
it through the bloodstream, reducing
edema, activating senescent neurons,
down-regulating inflammation,
promoting growth of neural pathways,
stopping swelling/reperfusion injury
(damaged tissue due to lack of oxygen),
restarting stunned cellular metabolism,
stimulating white blood cells, regrowing
blood vessels, and activating stem cells
eight times faster than normal.
HBOT is approved by the FDA to treat
over 14 different conditions, including
diabetic open foot/leg wounds, soft
tissue injuries, acute skin burns, carbon
monoxide poisoning, crush injuries,
decompression sickness, severe anemia,
34 The Counter Terrorist ~ April/May 2017
intracranial abscesses, and compromised
skin grafts and flaps.i It provides oxygen,
breathed under pressure, to deep tissues
inside the body. The oxygen helps the
healing and regrowth of damage at the
cellular level. The standard protocol
for a TBI regimen is forty treatments,
or “dives,” in a sealed and pressurized
chamber, at 1.5 atmospheres of pressure
(atm), equivalent to an hour of diving
underwater at 33 feet of depth. The
pressure causes oxygen to saturate tissues
at a rate seven to twelve times that of
normal breathing.
The military has spent tens of millions
of dollars doing research, only to come
to the conclusion that the science
behind HBOT is not provable. Yet, ten
times as many studies, nationally and
internationally, show just the opposite!
The latest research study funded by the
U.S. Department of Defense and the
military medical system showed that
there was no significant effect on post-
concussive symptoms.ii “The researchers
were told by many participants that they
felt better, that their traumatic brain
injury or PTSD symptoms improved,
but the researchers hypothesized that
these ‘improvements’ were placebo
effects.” iii It significantly downplayed
the actual improvements of many of the
participants, although there are dozens
more studies from countries all over
the world, touting the opposite. Russia,
China, Israel, to name a few. The cost? Of
course it’s the cost.
In the fall of 2010, I purchased my
own chamber. The cost was nearly
$20,000. I made the purchase to give
myself every chance of maintaining my
brain health, hopefully stalling any future
deterioration of dementia, Alzheimer’s,
and neurodegenerative disease.
Dr. Paul Harch is a groundbreaker
and long-term advocate for Hyperbaric
Oxygen Therapy. His 2010 Louisiana
State University School of Medicine
IRB-approved study of 15 blast-
injured veterans showed a significant
improvement in patients treated with
HBOT iv. Patients showed an average
IQ jump of 15 points in 30 days, 40%
improvement rate in post-concussion
syndrome symptoms, 30% reduction
in PTS symptoms and 51% decrease in
depression. Yet a similar study done by
the Department of Defense showed no
significant improvement. Come on?
The U.S. Olympic team has
treated numerous sports injuries and
concussions, as has the U.S. military’s
Special Operations Command, who have
used HBOT to treat knee replacements, A U.S. Army soldier with Alpha Company, 1st Battalion, 17th Infantry Regiment covers
fractures, and concussions, as well his ear as a controlled detonation destroys an improvised explosive device during Operation
as hundreds of professional athletes, Helmand Spider in Badula Qulp, Afghanistan, on Feb. 23, 2010. Photo: Defense.gov News

The Counter Terrorist ~ April/May 2017 35

 A Stryker on its side after surviving a buried IED blast on April 15, 2007. The Stryker was recovered and protected its soldiers on more
missions until another bomb finally put it out of action. The Stryker was hit by a deeply buried improvised explosive device while conducting
operations just south of the Shiek Hamed village in Iraq. (also see the article: Photo: www.flickr.com/photos/soldiersmediacenter/

including football players, MMA
fighters, soccer players, rugby players and
professional wrestlers. Air Force research
demonstrated that fractures heal 30%
faster and stronger under HBOT v. There
are also hundreds of plastic surgeons
across the country using HBOT post-
surgery to speed the healing process.
Our U.S. military’s Special Operations
Command is using this. Why weren’t we
told about HBOT? Oh yeah: equipment,
infrastructure and manpower. The cost.
Here’s the deal. We aren’t offering
our wounded warriors the best possible
treatment, so unless you discover
this on your own, or are somehow
connected with those who know about
this treatment, you are shuffled around,
stalled, and left to your own devices.
On August 21st of 2005, U.S. Army
Brig. Gen. Patt Maney was blown up by
an improvised explosive device (IEDvi.
The blast left him with a transient loss
of consciousness, and several seconds’
anterograde memory loss (loss of the
ability to create new memories after the
event). Other symptoms he had were
headaches, short-term memory loss, and
fatigue. He was medically evacuated to
Walter Reed in Washington, DC, where
his cognitive deficits were noted as low
normal. He was medically retired in April
of 2007.
General Maney was not only a

36 The Counter Terrorist ~ April/May 2017

military officer, but a Florida county
judge, as well. This injury left him
unable to balance a checkbook,
understand the storyline of a TV show,
read a paragraph in the newspaper, as
well as remember what he had just read.
This was very similar to my experience
my first year back. I understand these
feelings all too well.
With his wife as his advocate, she
discovered HBOT through Dr. Albert
Zant, Jr. According to Gen. Maney,
“We were initially told about HBOT by
Dr. Zant, who then consulted with the
PM&R physician at Walter Reed and
with the, then hospital commander, both
wonderful physicians who were willing
to try something different. The hospital
commander had to contact Tricare to
have the treatment at GWU Hospital
authorized.”
He began the Dr. Harch protocol at
George Washington University one year
post his incident/injury. There he had
80 dives at 1.5 atm, of one hour, with
blocks of 40 each. He showed noticeable
improvement at 18 dives. At 25 dives
he was much more sociable and had
less fatigue. After 80 dives there was a
significant improvement in his cognition
Here’s the deal. We aren’t offering our
wounded warriors the best possible
treatment, so unless you discover this on
your own, or are somehow connected with
those who know about this treatment, you
are shuffled around, stalled, and left to your
own devices.
and he was able to return to duty in the
summer of 2007, as a judge in Okaloosa
County, Florida.
This was in 2007, just prior to my
injuries. Why wasn’t the success of
General Maney’s case broadcast out to
those who could assist other blast victims?
The media? This success could have been
passed down to the tens of thousands of
TBI-wounded warriors who followed
him, yet they weren’t.
I contacted General Maney for my
book and he told me, “I have tried to
disseminate the information, but the
DOD and VA medical establishments
were and are resistant. With several
other volunteers, I’ve met and written to
members of Congress, Surgeons General
of each of the services at different times,
The Counter Terrorist ~ April/May 2017 37
and with VA officials. For many of
the meetings, I was accompanied by a
former Secretary of the Army.” This was
a general officer attempting to get the
word out and it seems as even he was
mostly dismissed. Trying to advocate
with an ongoing brain injury can in
itself be exhausting, yet he tried, and still
advocates to this day. What do you have
to do?
Here’s another one. In January of
2008, two United States Air Force
airmen from the 720th Special Tactics
Group, Hurlburt Field, Florida, were
injured by a roadside IED blast in Iraq.vii
Although both survived with no physical
wounds, both suffered from TBI
concussive injuries. Soon afterwards they
both developed insomnia, headaches,
Circle 343 on Reader Service Card

irritability, memory difficulties, and
other cognitive issues, typically what I
call “brain pain.”
Prior to their deployment, they
were tested with the Automated
Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics,
or ANAM. This is a computer-based
testing tool designed to observe the
speed and accuracy of the person’s
attention, memory, and thinking ability.
It’s conducted prior to an individual’s
deployment and is used to identify and
monitor an individual who is involved
in a brain-related injury. This allows a
38 The Counter Terrorist ~ April/May 2017
Major Jones in Baghdad.
before-and-after analysis of any TBIs.
Six months after being injured, the two
airmen were tested again and the scores
were notably decreased, showing marked
deficiencies in memory and thinking
ability.
Once again, these two airmen were also
able to get treated with HBOT. Someone
knew something? The special operations
community knew something. These
successes were documented. Were they
buried?
Both airmen had continuous symptoms
of TBI, which did not improve for almost
seven months
and were on track
to be medically
discharged. With
HBOT, substantial
improvement was
made within the
first two weeks.
Headaches and
insomnia improved quickly, while
irritability, cognitive defects, and
memory problems improved more slowly.
Follow-up testing at nine and twelve
months post-injury showed continued
improvement in all areas. Both airmen
were returned to duty, saving the
government an estimated $2.6 million
each in lifetime disability cost. Most
importantly, their brain pain was gone.
Gen. Maney was injured in August
of 2005. These two airmen in 2008. I
was hit twice in 2007, yet no one ever
mentioned HBOT to me as a treatment
option. This not only affects me, but
upwards of 70,000 known combat blast
injuries, as well as the millions of civilians
who are living with TBI.
Again, it seems as if the easiest and
cheapest methodology is to medicate
the patient with pills, send them to
counseling, medically discharge or retire
them, and/or leave them to their own
resolve. With veteran suicide at an all
time high, we should be doing everything
possible to help our war veterans. I
personally know warfighters who have
comitted suicide because they could no
longer take the painful headaches.
When we go to war we “plan” on
blowing things up. In turn, we know our
enemy will do the same. Kill or be killed.
We have to realize that a “plan” must
be in place to maintain a healthy and
intelligent fighting force. We must plan
for their return and the care they will
need to reintegrate back into society and
become thriving members once more. We
did not learn that lesson after World Wars
I and II, Korea, and Vietnam, and we
must learn it now. We owe our combat
veterans.
At a minimum, portable HBOT
chambers like mine should be located at
every Combat Support Hospital (CSH)
deployed to a hostile area. The cost is
minimal—fifteen to twenty thousand
dollars—and it requires minimal space, a
ten-by-eight foot area. This can be used
immediately on any blast victims while
they’re recuperating from their injuries. I
would have been there everyday.
Out of every war, our medical
communities learn valuable lessons in life-
saving protocols. When it comes to blood
loss, pneumothorax, airway obstructions,
eye and ear injuries, infections and
amputations, these wars have produced
dramatic increases in survivability. These
lessons have helped millions of civilians
as a result. We need to put into practice
some of the newest and most advanced
protocols for TBIs, giving our veterans
every possibility of a future without
neurodegenerative diseases.
The Iraq and Afghanistan wars have
birthed a new group of blast-related TBI
A hospital corpsman cleans facial
wounds after an improvised explosive
device attack during a patrol in
Afghanistan. Photo: U.S. Marine
Corps,Cpl. Michael J. Ayotte
The Iraq and Afghanistan wars have birthed a
new group of blast-related TBI victims. Over the
next forty years, these blast victims will require
care. This is the next combat concussion crisis.
victims. Over the next forty years, these I hope that in the next war, HBOT
blast victims will require care. This is the chambers will be deployed to the combat
next combat concussion crisis. We are just support hospitals in the field. I’ve spent
now acknowledging TBI, but much like hundreds of hours in my chamber, firmly
professional football concussions, the real believing HBOT has helped. It is now part
manifestations are yet to be realized. of my long-term management strategy. •
Israeli Security
Concepts
A Comprehensive Guide
For Selecting Training
And Deploying A Security
Team For Installation And
Personnel Protection
BY GARRET MACHINE, CPP
TO PURCHASE: AMZN.COM/1453769838
Circle 155 on Reader Service Card
The Counter Terrorist ~ April/May 2017 39
 REFERENCES
i
“Report to Congress on the Use of
Hyperbaric Oxygen for Medical Care and
Research in Response to H.R. 3326, the
Department of Defense Appropriations
Act for Fiscal Year 2010.” 2011. RefID:
1-9B17BF9.
ii
Wolf, George, David Cifu, Laura
Baugh, William Carne, and Leonardo
Profenna. 2012. “The Effect of
Hyperbaric Oxygen on Symptoms after
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury” Journal
of Neurotrauma, 29(17): 2606-2612.
doi:10.1089/neu.2012.2549.
iii
Miller, R. Scott, and Charles W.
Hoge. 2014. 11/17/2014, “Effects of
Hyperbaric Oxygen on Postconcussion
Symptoms in Military Members.” Last
updated November 11, 2014. http://media.
jamanetwork.com/news-item/effects-of-
hyperbaric-oxygen-on-postconcussion-
symptoms-in-military-members/
40 The Counter Terrorist ~ April/May 2017
Neubauer, Richard A. 2011. “U.S.
iv
Veteran Pilot Trial LSU IRB #7051
HBOT.” Harch Hyperbarics Inc. http://
www.hbot.com/us-veteran-pilot-trial-lsu-
irb-7051-hbot-tbiptsd-preliminary-data.
v
Duncan, Bill. “Hyperbarics for
Athletes” [PowerPoint presentation,
slide 21]. Accessed 2013. http://www.
slideshare.net/robertinseattle/hyperbarics-
for-athletes-dr-bill-duncan
vi
Brooks, Steve B. 2011. “The War
Within: Part II - Paths to Healing.”
http://www.legion.org/magazine/159052/
war-within-part-ii-paths-healing,
(accessed 2013.)
vii
Wright, James K., Eddie Zant,
Kevin Groom, Robert E. Schlegel, and
Kirby Gilliland. 2009. “Case report:
Treatment of mild traumatic brain injury
with hyperbaric oxygen.” UHM 36(6).
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Major Anthony Jones is a businessman,
author and retired Major in the United
States Air Force. In his book Brain Pain,
he gives an honest and raw account of
surviving and living with traumatic
brain injury and post-traumatic stress
disorder, the results of the injuries he
suffered after serving in Iraq in 2007.
The U.S. airman lived through multiple
explosions and concussions, and has spent
the better part of a decade dealing with
the debilitating physical and emotional
scars of his blast-related injuries. Anthony
now lives in Las Vegas, Nevada, where
he runs his own company: Core Group
Security Consultants, Bodyguard and
Investigations Company.
http://majoranthonyjones.com/
http://coregroupsecurity.com/
Circle 279 on Reader Service Card
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The Counter Terrorist ~ April/May 2017 41

TRAINING REVIEW
Israeli National Police
Civil Qualification
T his is a qualification
course to become
a certified police officer
volunteer in the state of
Israel. The course lasts
for approximately one
month and qualifies
you on three weapon
systems, vehicle
operations, fraudulent
documentation
detection, basic
investigations, security
operations, mass casually
management, and
surveillance.
The general population
is open to apply for the
course provided they can pass a level
four security clearance (same as full
time officers) and are in good physical
condition. The course I observed had
about thirty participants ranging from
young people fresh out of military service
to older people who were retired from the
police force.
The course is held two to three times
a year at each of the country’s large
municipal police stations. In some cases,
students can option for the border guard
or MAGAV, which is the combat wing of
the police. Service there will mostly be in
Jerusalem and other border locations. This
particular course was for people wishing to
work in the center of the country.
After graduation, students are issued
the same uniforms and equipment as full-
time sworn officers and are even issued
police identification cards. Some of the
42 The Counter Terrorist ~ April/May 2017
more veteran volunteers who helped teach
the course used personal gear they had
purchased. Most graduates will join the
patrol division, where they will find the
action they are looking for and be able
to contribute where most needed. Upon
graduation, each volunteer is assigned a
manager and becomes part of a chain of
command. Most contribute eight hours
a month, or one shift, while others can
work up to a forty hour workweek.
Volunteers who graduate this course
have full police powers while on duty and
are issued 9mm pistols and AR-15 rifles
(prior to taking up shift). However, when
off duty they posses no powers of arrest or
any law enforcement authority.
An interesting fact is that law
enforcement in Israel is focused almost
entirely on terrorism and violent crime.
In the entire state, there are only some
seventy officers on duty whose primary
by Editorial Staff
function is traffic
enforcement.
While this may
be a primary
responsibility of
their American
counterparts, it is
not a priority or
seen as a source of
revenue for the state.
Some students
in the class chose
to qualify on their
own personal
handguns and use
them for patrol duty
and for concealed
carry while off
duty. A concealed carry license is not
easy to get in Israel, and not everyone
is entitled to own a weapon. You must
demonstrate a true need and proficiency.
While license holders may have national
reciprocity, they are only authorized to
use the weapon that they used to pass
the qualification course. Students must
requalify every six months in the police
and every year as civilians.
It says a lot about a society when
everyday citizens sign up for such a
course and are trusted and empowered to
augment police officers. In conclusion, I
would say that the training accomplished
exactly what it sought to accomplish in
preparing citizens to work side by side
with full time officers responding to 911
calls. The course was interesting and
informative, although I will admit boring
at times. •
Circle 277 on Reader Service Card The Counter Terrorist ~ April/May 2017 43
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the new FLIR identiFINDER R100 at: www.flir.com *Rifle shown with optional accessories.

BARR0114_Model_98B_Print_CounterTerroristMagazine_Msk.indd 1 3/20/17 11:37 AM

S-CUT
S-CUT is designed for use on patients in rescue situations as well as emergency situations in hospitals.
It is a fast way to remove the patient’s clothes in order to expose injuries without needing to change the
patient’s position which could inflict further injury or unnecessary pain.
S-CUT replaces scissors, knifes & similar tools. Ordinary fabrics as well as leather belts, zippers & heavy
outerwear can be easily cut. All you need is a free edge of the clothes where you can start the cut. S-CUT is
designed for optimal ergonomics & provides an excellent grip. Using scissors in heavy materials will most
often require a lot of effort. The S-CUT is used with a pulling action requiring minimal effort.
The circular cutting blade is recessed in order to protect the patient & user from injury. The cutting
blade can be easily replaced without the need for any additional tools. Few parts, which can be easily
removed & assembled, makes the cleaning process easy. 2016 EMS World Innovation Award Winner.
www.tsunamilights.com

44 The Counter Terrorist ~ April/May 2017

 SUPER FLY $39 99
®

MINI SLIDE $71

® MSRP MSRP

99
STICKS ALMOST LIKE FLY PAPER
Style Style
086 M44

• Removable, reversible
outer flap to further
disguise firearm
• Premium • Holster will not move
saddle out of position in pocket
leather • Available for most
• Tight riding pocket guns
holster, highly • Special polymer insert
concealable prevents molding
WITHOUT FLAP
• Precision
molding
& tension
device

WITH FLAP

COZY
MSRP

81 Die Hard MSRP

PARTNER
$ 99 ®
Style
028
Ankle Rig
™
88 99
$
Style
014

• Premium saddle leather

• Precision molding &
tension device
• Memory band retains • Tough leather-lined
holster’s shape for easy holster
one handed • Neoprene leg band,
re-holstering padded with foam
& lined with
sheepskin
• Conventional
® thumb break

800-GUNHIDE
631-841-6300
Dept #CT47
431 Bayview Avenue
Amityville, NY 11701
desantisholster.com

Circle 241 on Reader Service Card The Counter Terrorist ~ April/May 2017 45
ADVERTISER INDEX Counter The
APRIL/MAY 2017
VOLUME 10 • NUMBER 2

Journal for Law Enforcement, Intelligence & Special Operations Professionals

To request detailed product information, visit our website http://thecounterterroristmag.com/readerservicecard.php

or scan this code. Select the appropriate Reader Service Number (RSN) on the web-form and submit your contact
information. Individual advertiser’s websites are also provided below for your convenience.”

Page Ad/Company • website and/or email............................................................................................... RSN Number

4 12th Annual Homeland Security Professionals Conference • www.thecounterterroristmag.com/conference.. 177

48 Advanced Homeland Security Workshop in Israel • www.homelandsecurityssi.com.................................. 215

23 American Public University • www.AMUonline.com/Counter-Terrorist..............................................................25

2 Barrett Firearms Manufacturing • www.barrett.net ..................................................................................... 121

38 Brain Pain • www.MajorAnthonyJones.com...................................................................................................... 101

45 DeSantis Holster & Leathergoods • www.desantisholster.com....................................................................... 241

20 eMail GPS Inc • www.emailgpsinc.com........................................................................................................... 299

3 FLIR Systems • www.desantisholster.com........................................................................................................... 339

39 Israeli Security Concepts • amzn.com/1453769838..................................................................................... 155

41 MACTAC • www.homelandsecurityssi.com........................................................................................................... 228

7 Patriot3 • www.patriot3.com............................................................................................................................ 301

50 Phantom Products, Inc. • www.phantomlights.com......................................................................................... 209

43 Police K9 • www.policek9magazine.com........................................................................................................... 277

40 Police K9 • www.k9copmagazine.com.............................................................................................................. 279

37 Southern Police Equipment • www.southernpoliceequipment.com................................................................... 343

47 SSI Elevated Tactics • www.homelandsecurityssi.com....................................................................................... 313

49 SSI PVB • www.SSIPVB.com.............................................................................................................................. 226

46 The Counter Terrorist ~ April/May 2017

www.homelandsecurityssi.com

TAKE YOUR TRAINING

TO A HIGHER LEVEL...
Find out more at:

SSI ELEVATED TACTICS TRAINING

Enhance the tactical flexibility of your SWAT or SOP team with elevated training using specialized
equipment and tools such as those manufactured by Patriot3. Improve your tactical surprise and
force protection with additional operational options provided through elevated, special-use vehicles.
In this two-day introduction and awareness training, you’ll learn:
• Vehicle driving and operating techniques in a variety of situations
• Global case studies of real-world operations using the specific equipment
• Using vehicle platforms for observation, structure multiple entry techniques, and linear assaults
• Elevated obstacle negotiation and firing platforms
• Emergency evacuations, climbing and descending options
• Distraction and deception techniques ®

• and much more... SECURITY

SOLUTIONS
INTERNATIONAL
Protecting the Homeland Together ®

Call now for more information.

Elevated Tactics Training provided Phone: 866-573-3999
in partnership with Patriot3. Fax: 866-573-2090
contact@securitysolutionsint.com

Circle 313 on Reader Service Card

The Counter Terrorist ~ April/May 2017 47
 The Advanced Global

Israel
®

The experts on training in:

Security Workshop in

the Homeland Security professionals best resource

Since 2005, SSI has taken
nearly 500 First Responders
to Israel and shown them
the basics of the Israel
security concept.
Thanks in part to that
program, we are better able
to defend ourselves in the
United States. In response
to demand, we are now
offering a once-in-a-lifetime
experience covering the
following advanced subjects:
Hezbollah - a threat as deadly as al-Qaeda - Learn about them in
their own territory, along Israel’s northern border.
Hostage Rescue - Discover how they go wrong.
Hospital Response - Find out how Israel’s critical response hospitals
handle surge and multi-casualty incidents.
Israel Counter Terrorism units - Learn how they operate.
Israel National Police - National Academy; See how they train?
Sensitive Installations - Participate in a day-long exercise and
training program in how to set up a complete security system.
Secret Israel Homeland Security Simulator - See how this works
at a base south of Tel Aviv.

May 12–20 Stay in Haifa, Tel Aviv and Jerusalem and visit some of the most

2017 amazing sites! Register now if you are US Military, a Homeland

Security Professional, a Security Professional, an EMS, or an EMT.

LEARN MORE at: www.homelandsecurityssi.com

Call now for more information.
Circle 215 on Reader Service Card
Phone: 866-573-3999
Fax: 866-573-2090
Circle on contact@securitysolutionsint.com
Reader Service Card
48 The Counter Terrorist ~ April/May
50 2017
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 New and improved

( portable vehicle barrier )

When Law Enforcement in Dallas wanted a product
to protect the greatest sporting event in the US they
chose SSI’s PVB.
The reason the PVB is used by agencies and
militaries across the globe is that it transfers the
momentum of the threatening vehicle upwards and
stops it in its tracks. Two adults can deploy the
barrier in minutes, and there is no need for electricity
whatsoever.
The Portable Vehicle Barrier comes with several
customized configurations:
• You can put wheels on it so that it acts as a swing
barrier and easily opens a road
• You can toughen the line by adding anchoring
cables or place the PVB’s in one single row or
even three rows to stop anything
• Additional safety features can be added
PVBs can be folded down quickly –moved and stored
with ease – the PVB is reusable and durable.
Best of all NO maintenance is required.
Made in the USA means jobs in the USA and
supporting our national economy. Ordering is quick
and easy allowing us to make the PVB available to
your agencies immediately. Besides being the most
cost effective barrier in the business today, the PVB
is a VBIED killer. CALL NOW.

Call now for more information. Pricing dependent on quantity

and delivery location. Call: (305) 401-6906
or email info@homelandsecurityssi.com
Or visit our website: www.SSIPVB.com
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Reader Service Card Circle 226 on Reader Service Card
The Counter Terrorist ~ April/May 2017 49
Circle 209 on Reader Service Card