CONTENTS

SR.NO PARTICULARS PAGE.NO

INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER I THEORETICAL BACKGROUND
CHAPTER II RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
CHAPTER III ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
CHAPTER IV MAJOR FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
ANNEXURE *QUESTIONNAIRE
*JUDGEMENT, PHOTOS ,MEDIA NEWS
*BIBLIOGRAPHY
INTRODUCTION

“ROLE OF STATE TO REMOVE PUBLIC NUISANCE AND ITS PROBLEMS AFFECTING

THE SECURE LIFE OF MEMBERS OF SOCIETY IN VIOLATION OF CRIMINAL LAW A

SOCIO –LEGAL SUREVEY RESEARCH IN AMRAVATI CITY. “

INTODUCTION
 Nuisance

A legal action to redress harm arising from the use of one's property.
The two types of nuisance are private nuisance and public nuisance. A priv
ate nuisance is a civil wrong; it is the unreasonable, unwarranted, or unlawf
ul use of one's property in a manner that substantially interferes with the en
joyment or use of another individual's property, without an actual Trespass 
or physical invasion to the land. A public nuisance is a criminal wrong; it is 
an act or omission that obstructs, damages, or inconveniences the rights of 
the community.
Public Nuisance
The term public nuisance covers a wide variety of minor crimes that threate
n the health, morals, safety, comfort, convenience, or welfare of a communi
ty. Violators may be punished by a criminal sentence, a fine, or both. A def
endant may also be required to remove a nuisance or to pay the costs of re
moval. For example, a manufacturer who has polluted a stream might be fi
ned and might also be ordered to pay the cost of cleanup. Public nuisances 
may interfere with public health, such as in the keeping of diseased animals 
or a malarial pond. Public safety nuisances include shooting fireworks in th
e streets, storing explosives, practicing medicine without a license, or harbo
ring a vicious dog. Houses of prostitution, illegal liquor establishments, Ga
ming houses, and unlicensed prizefights are examples of nuisances that in
terfere with public morals. Obstructing a highway or creating a condition to 
make travel unsafe or highly disagreeable are examples of nuisances threa
tening the public convenience.

A public nuisance interferes with the public as a class, not merely one pers
on or a group of citizens. No civil remedy exists for a private citizen harmed 
by a public nuisance, even if his or her harm was greater than the harm suff
ered by others; a criminal prosecution is the exclusive remedy. However, if 
the individual suffers harm that is different from that suffered by the general 
public, the individual may maintain a TORT ACTION for damages. For exampl
e, if dynamiting has thrown a large boulder onto a public highway, those wh
o use the highway cannot maintain a nuisance action for the inconvenience
. However, a motorist who is injured from colliding with the boulder may bri
ng a tort action for personal injuries.
Some nuisances can be both public and private in certain circumstances w
here the public nuisance substantially interferes with the use of an individua
l's adjoining land. For example, Pollution of a river might constitute both a 
public and a private nuisance. This is known as a mixed nuisance.

Private Nuisance
A private nuisance is an interference with a person's enjoyment and use of 
his land. The law recognizes that landowners, or those in rightful possessio
n of land, have the right to the unimpaired condition of the property and to r
easonable comfort and convenience in its occupation.
Examples of private nuisances abound. Nuisances that interfere with the ph
ysical condition of the land include vibration or blasting that damages a hou
se; destruction of crops; raising of a water table; or the pollution of soil, a st
ream, or an underground water supply. Examples of nuisances interfering 
with the comfort, convenience, or health of an occupant are foul odors, noxi
ous gases, smoke, dust, loud noises, excessive light, or high temperatures. 
Moreover, a nuisance may also disturb an occupant's mental tranquility, su
ch as a neighbor who keeps a vicious dog, even though an injury is only thr
eatened and has not actually occurred.
An attractive nuisance is a danger likely to lure children onto a person's lan
d. For example, an individual who has a pool on his property has a legal obl
igation to take reasonable precautions, such as erecting a fence, to prevent 
foreseeable injury to children.
Trespass is sometimes confused with nuisance, but the two are distinct. A t
respass action protects against an invasion of one's right to exclusive poss
ession of land. If a landowner drops a tree across her neighbor's boundary l
ine she has committed a trespass; if her dog barks all night keeping the nei
ghbor awake, she may be liable for nuisance.

Legal Responsibility
A private nuisance is a tort, that is, a civil wrong. To determine accountabilit
y for an alleged nuisance, a court will examine three factors: the defendant'
s fault, whether there has been a substantial interference with the plaintiff's 
interest, and the reasonableness of the defendant's conduct.
Fault Fault means that the defendant intentionally, negligently, or recklessl
y interfered with the plaintiff's use and enjoyment of the land or that the def
endant continued her conduct after learning of actual harm or substantial ri
sk of future harm to the plaintiff's interest. For example, a defendant who co
 ntinues to spray chemicals into the air after learning that they are blowing o
nto the plaintiff's land is deemed to be intending that result. Where it is alle
ged that a defendant has violated a statute, proving the elements of the stat
ute will establish fault.
Substantial Interference The law is not intended to remedy trifles or redre
ss petty annoyances. To establish liability under a nuisance theory, interfer
ence with the plaintiff's interest must be substantial. Determining substantia
l interference in cases where the physical condition of the property is affect
ed will often be fairly straightforward. More challenging are those cases pre
dicated on personal inconvenience, discomfort, or annoyance. To determin
e whether an interference is substantial, courts apply the standard of an ord
inary member of the community with normal sensitivity and temperament. A 
plaintiff cannot, by putting his or her land to an unusually sensitive use, ma
ke a nuisance out of the defendant's conduct that would otherwise be relati
vely harmless.
Reasonableness of Defendant's Conduct If the interference with the plai
ntiff's interest is substantial, a determination must then be made that it is un
reasonable for the plaintiff to bear it or to bear it without compensation. This 
is a Balancing process weighing the respective interests of both parties. T
he law recognizes that the activities of others must be accommodated to a 
certain extent, particularly in matters of industry, commerce, or trade. The n
ature and gravity of the harm is balanced against the burden of preventing t
he harm and the usefulness of the conduct.

The following are factors to be considered:

 Extent and duration of the disturbance;
 Nature of the harm;
 Social value of the plaintiff's use of his or her property or other interest;
 Burden to the plaintiff in preventing the harm;
 Value of the defendant's conduct, in general and to the particular communit
y;
 Motivation of the defendant;
 Feasibility of the defendant's mitigating or preventing the harm;
 Locality and suitability of the uses of the land by both parties.
Zoning boards use these factors to enact restrictions of property uses in sp
ecific locations. In this way, zoning laws work to prohibit public nuisances a
nd to maintain the quality of a neighborhood.

Defenses
In an attempt to escape liability, a defendant may argue that legislation (suc
h as zoning laws or licenses) authorizes a particular activity. Legislative aut
hority will not excuse a defendant from liability if the conduct is unreasonabl
e.
A defendant may not escape liability by arguing that others are also contrib
uting to the harm; damages will be apportioned according to a defendant's 
share of the blame. Moreover, a defendant is liable even where his or her a
ctions without the actions of others would not have constituted a nuisance.
Defendants sometimes argue that a plaintiff "came to a nuisance" by movin
g onto land next to an already operating source of interference. A new own
er is entitled to the reasonable use and enjoyment of his or her land the sa
me as anyone else, but the argument may be considered in determining th
e reasonableness of the defendant's conduct. It may also have an impact in 
determining damages because the purchase price may have reflected the e
xistence of the nuisance.

Remedies
Redress for nuisance is commonly monetary damages. An Injunction or a
batement may also be proper under certain circumstances. An injunction or
ders a defendant to stop, remove, restrain, or restrict a nuisance or abando
n plans for a threatened nuisance. In public nuisance cases, a fine or sente
nce may be imposed, in addition to abatement or injunctive relief.
Injunction is a drastic remedy, used only when damage or the threat of dam
age is irreparable and not satisfactorily compensable only by monetary da
mages. The court examines the economic hardships to the parties and the i
nterest of the public in allowing the continuation of the enterprise.
A Self-Help remedy, abatement by the plaintiff, is available under limited ci
rcumstances. This privilege must be exercised within a reasonable time aft
er learning of the nuisance and usually requires notice to the defendant and 
the defendant's failure to act. Reasonable force may be used to employ the 
abatement, and a plaintiff may be liable for unreasonable or unnecessary d
amages. For example, dead tree limbs extending dangerously over a neigh
bor's house may be removed by the neighbor in danger, after notifying the 
offending landowner of the nuisance. In cases where an immediate danger 
to health, property, or life exists, no notification is necessary
 HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND

CHAPTER-I
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
Pollution or waste may also be considered to be a risk to public
health or environmental health under the Northern Territory
Public and Environmental Health Act 2011 and Public Health
 (Nuisance Prevention) Regulations.The Public and
Environmental Health Act 2011 has two offences relating to
public health nuisances.A public health nuisance is anything
that puts, has put or will put at risk or damages, has damaged
or will damage public health.public health means the physical,
mental and social wellbeing of the community. For example, a
public health nuisance could relate to a place, dust, fumes,
vapour or other emissions, water, or refuse.It is an offence to
intentionally or recklessly engage in conduct which results in a
public health nuisance. It is also an offence to knowingly allow a
public health nuisance and intentionally fail to remove it or
prevent it.Under the Public Health (Nuisance Prevention)
Regulations certain activities are deemed to be nuisances. For
example, chimneys which emit lots of smoke (except from
houses) and premises or workplaces in such as state as to be a
nuisance or injurious to health are nuisances.If you are affected
by a public health nuisance, you can complain to an authorised
officer of the Department of Health. An authorised officer must

investigate your complaint and decide whether or not a public

health nuisance exists. The Chief Health Officer of the
Department of Health may issue a public health notice or public
health order to direct a person to rectify a public health
nuisance.Enforcement of breaches of the Public and
 Environmental Health Act 2011 may only be started by an
authorised officer of the Department of Health or by a person
authorised by the Minister for Health. Proceedings may only be
started within two years of the offence.In addition to public
health nuisances, the common law of public nuisance may also
be relevant to dealing with nuisances. This applies when
members of the public at large suffer injury, loss or damage as a
result of a nuisance
RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY

CHAPTER -2
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
“Research methodology is systematized investigation to
gain new knowledge about the phenomena or problem “ The
method a researcher follows in pursuing the research in
research methodology.
The basic foundation of research methodology is
summarized as under:
1.TITLE OF THE STUDY :-
“Role of state to remove public nuisance and its
problem affecting the secure life of members of Society in
violation of Criminal Laws.”
-A Socio – legal survey Research in Amravati city.
2. PROBLEM OF STUDY :-
The Problem of Study Undertaken is to evalvate the
effect of enforcement of Criminal laws i.e. in protection for
public Nuisance for the developing Socio – Economic
Structure in a Amravati city district as a sim

3. RATIONALE OF THE STUDY:-

The Object of Criminal Procedure Code is to avoid public
Nuisance by making Public Nuisance as an Offence.
The Current research Problem is Undertaken to evaluate the
implementation of the Act and in effect on the Socio-economic
Structure because it is Ultimate related to the welfare of the Public.
4. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY:-
1. Public is the Source of the development of the Nation but at the
Same time it is also a Source to Create Certain Problems as to the
Safety and health of the people. The Said Cenario is the main Crux
of the Study of the Researcher particularly in Amravati City.
2. To Observe and Find Out the Cases of Public Nuisance and its
effect on Public of Amravati City.
3. To Study the Causes Of Public Nuisance in Violation of Criminal
Laws.
4. To find out the responisibilities in compliance with the
exisiting laws whether properly obeyed or not by the public.
5. To observe and collect the data as to the problem of health and
safety of the public.
6. To Find out the cases of public nuisance in violation of Criminal
laws the prosecutions in court.
7. To study by way of survey and collecting the certain proof
either oral of documentary along with the photograph.
8. To study and guide the public in implementation of rules and
laws relating to public nuisance for healthy and safty of public.

5. HYPOTHESIS :-
‘HYPO’ means less than or under, and ‘thesis’ means
idea or general opinion to be defended by a person and thus
‘HYPOTHESIS’ means an idea Formed beforehand which has
Less Value than the generally Formed View. If we have to
Proceed towards some destination for which we don’t know
the way, we try to form an idea about the direction to
proceed and by trail and error, we reach that goal. The
Primary idea is Called hypothesis.
 The Web sters’s New International Dictionary Gives the
meaning of the term “hypothesis as a “ Proposition, Condition
Principal is which is assumed, perhaps without belief in order
to drow out its logical Consequences and by this method to test
its accord with facts which are known or may be defined.”
According to George A. Lundberg, “A hypothesis is a
tentative generalization the Validity of which remains to be
tested In its most elementary Stage the hypothesis may be any
hunch guess, imaginative idea which becomes the basis for
action or incestigation.”

Hypothesie has definite utility and important place in Socio-

legal research The Formulation of hypothesisis pre-requisite of
successful research. It gives direction to research .
1)Pollution is the burning problem in each of the area of
Amravati City by Which Public life is Affected.

2) Peoples is life is unsafe in the age of Social are face

legislation in Amravati City.
 3)Criminal Mandate is totally neglected by the Public.
4)The Public Authorities are totally failed to provide
appropriate Mechanism in Case of Safety and health.
5)Norms Set by Indian Penal Code to achieve Social Justice by
Public is totally Neglected.
6. REVIEW OF LITERATURE :-
While Finalizing the topic and Setting the Objective,
Hypothesis the researcher has to review the Literature. The
researcher will visit the areas by preparing questionnaire,
Conducting interviews etc. In addition to this the researcher
will review the books of eminent authors relate to the topics.
7. OPERATIONAL CONCEPTS & VARIABLES OF THE
STUDY :-
The researcher will highlights the policies formulated by
the Government and the way by which it has been implemented
for the welfare of the public as a whole.

8. RESEARCH DESIGN :-
Research Design is a Plan of action for Collecting and
analyzing the data in on economy, efficient relevant manner.
-P. V. Young.
Research Design means a plan for Collecting and Utilizing data
so that desired information can be Obtained with Sufficient
Precision or so that a hypothesis can be tested Properly.
After formulation of research Problem the researcher
has to work out a design refers to entire procures of
Planning and Carrying out research Study. It is a frame with
in which research is carried out and if in which aims to fulfill
the Object of the Study.
In the present research work the researcher will collect
the data from primary ruler as such as questionnaire,
observation etc.
After the collection of data the researcher will analyze
and inperpret the data. The researcher will give their
finding on the interpret and the researcher will also drawn a
conclusion and make suggestions.

I) NATURE AND TYPE OF THE STUDY :-

Research is a diligent and systematic inquiry or investigation
into discover or revise facts, theories, applications etc.
Methodology is the system of methods followed by particular
discipline, thus, research methodology is the way how the
researcher will conduct his research method is the way of doing
something methodology is the science or study of particular subject.
research methodology is much wider .The method in which the
researcher follows in purring a research is research methodology.
The Topic research is “ Role of State to remove Public Nuisance and
its problems affecting the secure life of members of society in
violation of criminal laws.”
There are two types of Research :–
1. Doctrinal or Non- Emprical Research methodology.
2. Non – Doctrinal or Emprical Research methodology.
In this research work the researcher will use the Non-
doctrinal method for the purpose of doing his research. In doing
research work the researcher will study regularly about his research
topic this method of research based on primary sources of data
collection for the purpose of collecting researcher will prepare the
questionnaire for interview propose and observe in various area in
Amravati district etc. to get research problems in details.

The type of the research topic which the researcher

uses her analytical study.
II) UNIVERSE :-
The area that the researcher / student will work on
above said research will be only for Amravati District. To
achieve the goal of researcher will collect the oral, document
as well as prepare the questionnaire for the concerning
authority as a sampling method.
III) METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION:-
The collection of data is one of the important steps in
non-doctrinal research work. The researcher used the non-
doctrinal method. The researcher will prepare the
questionnaire for interview purpose and also observe in
various Areas in Amravati District etc. Relating to research
topic etc.
IV) SOURCES OF DATA COLLECTION:-
There are two types of data collection-
1)Primary source
2) Secondary source

In this research work the researcher will use Primary

source. The researcher will Prepare the questionnaire for
interview purpose and also observe in various areas in
Amravati District etc. relating to research topic etc.
The scope of research is limited to the Amravati District
only. Research will give emphasis on the problems of Society
to avail the special services Provided by the bank to them.
The research will provide all statistical information and data
collection from Amravati city. Researcher will personally
visit Amravati city.
V) TOOLS OF DATA COLLECTION :-
Researcher will used all the possible and available tools
for data collection as he deem fit and necessary to complete
the research work in proper manner.
VI) LIMITATION OF STUDY :-
Public nuisance hurts environment as well as human
lives and healths also In the world of globalization. There is
need to protect the environment by implementing various
policies there of government.
It is seen that problems of safety and health of public as
whole india But due to in constraints of Financial budgeting
and time facters and present study is conducted within the
jurisdiction of Amravati District Area by filling up
questionnaire from the people.

VII) TIME SCHEDULE :-

The researcher/ student will completed the research
work before one month of LLM III rd semester there by
theory and practical final examination i.e. most probably the
researcher will take time period of 3 months.
VIII) POSSIBLE CONTRIBUTION OF THE STUDY :-
 The researcher will complete the research on said topic
and will continue work for society within the framework of
law and will also participate on each and every aspects
which will be related to the welfare of the medical services.

ANALYSIS &
INTERPRETATION

CHAPTER -3
ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
The researcher will take the every possible sample for
the effective research work and also will collect the
important date regarding the topic and the research will at
every moment will interpret the law within the ambit of law
scenario.

MAJOR
 FINDINGS

CHAPTER .NO. 5
MAJOR FINDINGS , CONCLUSION AND
SUGGESTION
MAJOR FINDINGS
 The scope of research is limited to the Amravati District
only. The researcher if bind to describe or give the major
finding related to research topic, so that the research work
will know as on the proper and look complete in its own
nature.
It will be prima facie scope for its proper conclusion
and on that basis researcher will suggest certain
recommendation.
1} The Mining Management Act sets up an offence for
doing an act or failing to do an act that is in breach of an
environmental obligation under the Act and causes
environmental nuisance on a mining site. An environmental
nuisance under the Mining Management Act means: (a) an
adverse effect on the amenity of land caused by noise, smoke,
dust, fumes or odour; or (b) an unsightly or offensive condition
on the land.

2} The Petroleum Act sets up an offence for doing an act

or failing to do an act at a petroleum operation that causes the
release of a contaminant or waste material on, above or under
land, if the contaminant or waste material causes an
environmental nuisance to land all of which is within one
kilometre of the site where the contaminant is released.
3} An environmental nuisance under the Petroleum Act
means an adverse effect on the amenity of the land caused by
noise, smoke, dust, fumes or odour; or an unsightly or offensive
condition on the land.5
4} The Energy Pipelines Act also has an offence for causing
an environmental nuisance. A person must not, during the
conduct of an authorised pipeline operation do an act, or fail to
do an act, that causes the release of a contaminant or waste
from a pipeline, if the contaminant or waste causes an
environmental nuisance to land all of which is within one
kilometre of the pipeline.The penalty for causing an
environmental nuisance under all of these Acts is a level 4
penalty under the Environmental Offences and Penalties Act.
6A level 4 penalty is punishable on conviction by a fine of up to
77 penalty units for a person and up to 385 penalty units for a
corporate body.The Waste Management and Pollution Control
Act.

is administered by the Department of Natural Resources,

Environment, The Arts and Sport. As the Act does not state who
may bring prosecutions for offences, private prosecutions for
offences may be brought by members of the public.
Prosecutions must be brought within 12 months of the
Department of Natural Resources, Environment, The Arts and
Sport first becoming aware of the commission of the
offence.Enforcement proceedings for offences under the
Petroleum Actmay only be commenced with the written
consent of the Minister for Resources.Members of the public
may therefore bring private prosecutions against offenders
provided that they obtain the consent of the Minister for
Resources. Proceedings may be brought at any time.
Enforcement of offences under the Mining Management Act
may only be commenced by the Chief Executive Officer of the
Department of Resources or with his or her written
approval.proceedings must be commenced within 12 months
after the day on which Chief Executive Officer first became
aware of the commission of the alleged offence.

addition to pollution offences, there are offences for causing an

environmental nuisance under the Waste Management and
Pollution Control Act and for causing a public health nuisance
under the Public and Environmental Health Act 2011. 8
Common law does not strictly recognise compensation for
“environmental” harm but it does recognise damage to
property and so it can be a useful source of legal rights, if
property is damaged by pollution.9 In Boomer et al. v. Atlantic
Cement Company, the plaintiffs claimed that the dirt, smoke,
and vibrations coming from the defendant's cement plant
caused injury to their property. The property owners sought
damages and an injunction to close the plant. The plant already
employed the best pollution control technology. 10The Boomer
court addressed the economic consequence of the injunction
and the effect of the nuisance. The court weighed the economic
effect of closing the plant against the harm to the individual
plaintiff's land, and concluded that the cement company could
pay permanent damages in lieu of an injunction or closing. This
case illustrates the limitations of private nuisance law to
remedy pollution. Courts

addition to pollution offences, there are offences for causing an

environmental nuisance under the Waste Management and
Pollution Control Act and for causing a public health nuisance
under the Public and Environmental Health Act 2011. 8
Common law does not strictly recognise compensation for
“environmental” harm but it does recognise damage to
property and so it can be a useful source of legal rights, if
property is damaged by pollution.9 In Boomer et al. v. Atlantic
Cement Company, the plaintiffs claimed that the dirt, smoke,
and vibrations coming from the defendant's cement plant
caused injury to their property. The property owners sought
damages and an injunction to close the plant. The plant already
employed the best pollution control technology. 10The Boomer
court addressed the economic consequence of the injunction
and the effect of the nuisance. The court weighed the economic
effect of closing the plant against the harm to the individual
plaintiff's land, and concluded that the cement company could
pay permanent damages in lieu of an injunction or closing. This
case illustrates the limitations of private nuisance law to
remedy pollution. Courts
SUGGESTION

SUGGESTION:
The existing legal provisions are inadequate to control the
enormous Problems of environmental pollution of various types
in the country.
 1. Therefore, the judiciary has to play a more active and
constructive role this has become all the more essential in view
of the lack of awareness in the masses of the pollution
problems; lack of planning and the plenty of the industries and
the local bodies in this regard. New jurisprudential techniques
have to be devised to deal adequately with the problems of
pollution control and protection of environment.
2. Environmental law should be implemented effectively by
adopting new instruments, mechanisms and procedures like
environmental impact assessment and environmental auditand
incorporate environmental objectives in manufacturing
processes, minimum usage of hazardous materials and toxic
chemicals, careful usage of toxic gases will reduce
environmental load.

and incorporate environmental objectives in manufacturing

processes, minimum usage of hazardous materials and toxic
chemicals, careful usage of toxic gases will reduce
environmental load.
3. Government must initiate the programmes to create public
awareness with regard to relation between human rights and
environmental protection and also related laws.
4. Sincere commitment to good environmental practices must
be supported throughout the globe for sustenance of life and
adopting green technologies, using solar energy, low CFC
emitting technology, those which are highly innovative, cost-
effective, eco-friendly technologies.
5. Coordinating efforts globally between all states of India and
locally among government„scenter and states, private groups,
organizations, operational and financial institutions and people
at large in appropriate aspects of their respective activities
through Exchange of information, sharing of expertise
knowledge, developing arrangements for technical cooperation
is needed.
 6. The sentencing policy should place emphasis on abetment of
pollution of environment rather than imposition of fines or
traditional penalties.
 CONCLUSION

CONCLIUSION:
This study concludes that the general rule is that a person may
use his land or personal property in any manner he sees fit.
However, this rule is subject to limitation. The owner must use
his property in a reasonable manner. A nuisance arises
whenever a person uses his property to cause material injury or
annoyance to a reasonable neighbor. Odors, dust, smoke, other
airborne pollutants, water pollutants and hazardous substances
have all been held to be nuisance .Under both private and
public nuisance law, the plaintiff must prove that the
defendant‟s activity unreasonably interfered with the use or
enjoyment of a protected interest and caused the plaintiff
substantial harm.The trier of fact determines whether an
activity is unreasonable by balancing the social utility of the
activities against the harm they create.Private nuisance actions
to gain compensation and force polluters to discontinue
interference with their physical private property as well as with
their comfort and enjoyment of their property. Public nuisance
law protects from interference a "right common to the general
public." Plaintiffs may bring a public nuisance action if there are
damages,

interference, or inconvenience to the public. A state may

assert a public nuisance action as an exercise of its police
powers the typical situation. A private citizen may bring a public
nuisance action only if he or she can show that he or she has
suffered from a harm that can be distinguished from that
suffered by the members of the general public.
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