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TABLIČNI INTEGRALI

ˆ Funkcija F (x) je primitivna funkcija za funkciju f (x), definisanu na intervalu [a, b], ako važi

F ′ (x) = f (x) za sve x ∈ [a, b].

ˆ Skup svih primitivnih funkcija funkcije f (x) na nekom intervalu naziva se neodredeni integral
funkcije f (x) na tom intervalu i označava se sa
Z
f (x)dx.

ˆ Ako je F (x) proizvoljna primitivna funkcija funkcije f (x), tada je


Z
f (x)dx = F (x) + C,

gde je C proizvoljan realan broj koji nazivamo integraciona konstanta. Funkciju f (x) zovemo
podintegralna funkcija.

Osobine neodredenog integrala


Z ′
1. f (x)dx = f (x)
Z
2. F ′ (x)dx = F (x) + C
Z Z
3. αf (x)dx = α f (x)dx
Z Z Z

4. f (x) ± g(x) dx = f (x)dx ± g(x)dx

Tablica integrala

xα+1
Z Z
α 1
1. x dx = + C, α ̸= −1 7. dx = tg x + C
α+1 cos2 x
Z Z
1 1
2. dx = ln |x| + C 8. dx = − ctg x + C
x sin2 x
Z Z
1 1 x
3. ex dx = ex + C 9. 2 2
dx = arctg + C, a ̸= 0
x +a a a
ax
Z Z
1 x
4. ax dx = + C, a ∈ (0, 1) ∪ (1, ∞) 10. √ dx = arcsin + C, a > 0
ln a 2
a −x 2 a
Z Z
1 p
5. sin x dx = − cos x + C 11. √ dx = ln x + x2 ± a2 + C, a ̸= 0

Z x2 ± a2

x − a
Z
6. cos x dx = sin x + C 1 1 + C, a ̸= 0
12. dx = ln
x2 − a2 2a x + a

1
Zadaci
Z
1. dx = x + C

x2
Z
2. x dx = +C
2
x−1
Z Z
dx 1
3. = x−2 dx = +C =− +C
x2 −1 x
3
√ 2 √
Z Z
1 x2
4. x dx = x 2 dx = 3 +C = x x+C
2
3
2x
Z
5. 2x dx = +C
ln 2
x3 x2
Z Z Z Z
6. (6x2 + 8x + 3) dx = 6 x2 dx + 8 x dx + 3 dx = 6 · +8· + 3x + C = 2x3 + 4x2 + 3x + C
3 2

4√
Z Z 3
dx 1 x4
x− 4 dx =
4
7. √ = 3 +C = x3 + C
4
x 4
3
Z Z
3 dx
8. dx = 3 = 3 ln |x| + C
x x
Z   Z Z Z
5 2 2 − 45 dx dx
9. x− 4 + − dx = x dx + 2 − 2
sin2 x cos2 x sin2 x cos2 x
1
x− 4 4
= √
1 + 2(− ctg x) − 2 tg x + C = − 4 x − 2 ctg x − 2 tg x + C
−4
1
x− 2
Z Z
1 3 1
10. √ dx = x− 2 dx =
1 + C = −2 ·
√ +C
x x −2 x
Z 3
x3
Z  
x − 2x + 4
Z Z Z
2 4 2 dx
11. dx = x −2+ dx = x dx − 2 dx + 4 = − 2x + 4 ln |x| + C
x x x 3
Z  x 5 x
Z 
x −x 5 3
12. 5 3 dx = dx = +C
3 ln 35
Z Z
1 1 1 x
13. dx = √ dx = √ arctg √ + C
x2 + 3 2
x + ( 3) 2 3 3
q
Z Z Z x − 2
1 1 1 dx 1 1 3
14. 2
dx = 2
 dx = − 2 = − · q ln q + C
2 − 3x 2
−3 x − 3 3 q
2
 3 2 2 x + 2
x2 − 3 3 3
√ √
1 x 3 − 2

= − √ ln √ √ +C
2 6 x 3 + 2

x2 x2 + 1 − 1
Z Z Z   Z Z
1
dx
15. dx = dx = 1− = x − arctg x + C
dx = dx −
x2 + 1 x2 + 1 1 + x2
1 + x2
Z 2 Z 2 Z  
x −1+3 3 x − 1
Z Z
x +2 3 dx
16. dx = dx = 1+ 2 dx = dx+3 = x+ ln +C
x2 − 1 x2 − 1 x −1 x2 − 1 2 x + 1
Z 3
x(x2 + 1) − 2
Z  
x +x−2
Z Z Z
2 dx
17. 2
dx = 2
dx = x − 2
dx = x dx − 2
x +1 x +1 1+x 1 + x2
2
x
= − 2 arctg x + C
2

2
Zadaci za vežbu:
Z rq
√ 8 √
1. x dx = x8x+C
9
Z r q
√ 15 √ 8
2. x x x dx = x x7 + C
8
Z 2

 
x + 3x − 2 1 2
3. √ dx = 2 x x +x−2 +C
x 5
x 2x+1
Z  
4 x+1
4. − 2 + 3 cos x dx = 2 arctg − + 3 sin x + C
4 + x2 2 ln 2
Z
dx p
5. √ = ln x + x2 − 3 + C

2
x −3
√ √
3 x − 3
Z
dx
6. = ln √ +C
x2 − 3 6 x + 3

x4 x3
Z
7. dx = − x + arctg x + C
x2 + 1 3

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