AMT 3102 Module No. 11 Impulse and Momentum

PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

AIRCRAFT MAINTANCE AND TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT
Learning Module 11: Impulse and Momentum
LEARNING
MODULE 11: –
Kinetics of a
Particle: Impulse
and Momentum
AMT 3102-
ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Prepared by:
ENGR. CARMELITA C. ARBOZO
Version 2, Revision 2, September 2022 1|Page

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page Allotted Time
Impulse and Momentum 4 20 minutes
Impulse from varying force 4 10 minutes
Impulse Changes Velocity 4–5 20 minutes
Momentum 6 20 minutes
Example Solved Problems 7 30 minutes
Vector Nature of Momentum 7 20 minutes
A Collision of Two masses 8 30 minutes
Conservation of Momentum 8 – 10 30 minutes
Types of Collision 11 – 13 30 minutes
Example Solved Problems 13 – 15 40 minutes
Plate No. 11 Impulse and Momentum 16 50 minutes
Total No. of Minutes 300minutes
TABLES OF REFERENCES
References No.
Materials (textbooks, references, journals, online) 1
Singer, Ferdinand L., Engineering Mechanics: Statics and Dynamics 2
Mcgill, David J., Engineering Mechanics: Statics and an Intro to Dynamics 3
Singer, F.L (1954). Engineering Mechanics (2nd Ed.) New York: Harpens
4
and Row, Publishers, Inc.
Hibbeler, R.C. (2010) Engineering Mechanics (12th Ed.) New Jersey:
5
Pearson Prentice Hall
Beer,F.P. & Johnston, Jr.E.R.(2016) Vector Mechanics for Engineers Static
6
(11th Ed.) New York: McGraw-Hill Education

This module discusses Impulse and Momentum, Impulse from a varying force, Impulse
changes velocity, Momentum, Vector nature of momentum, collision of two masses,
conservation of momentum and types of collision and Example solved problems.
LEARNING OUTCOMES
Course Learning Outcomes [CLO]
CLO1. Apply the knowledge of Module Learning Outcomes [MLO]

mathematics to solve complex
mechanics problems;
Topic Learning Outcomes [TLO]
CLO2. Utilize scientific concepts, laws MLO 01. Evaluate the value of impilse and
and theories in solving problems related momentum under different conditions by
to their field of specialization; gauging forces, velocities acting on a
system..
TLO 03. Solve problems involving
CLO3. Convey a general understanding impulse and momentum with the
MLO 02. Solve impulse-momentum understanding of their concept and
of engineering mechanics as a way to problems by applying the relationship of
associate their knowledge in their relationship.
impulse and momentum, and second
chosen course; Newtons Law..
CLO9 Develop sophisticated mental
models through drawings and diagrams
that will serve to describe the motion of
real-worlds objects.
HONESTY CLAUSE
As a state college, students are expected to uphold and integrity, principle and self-
respect, using their knowledge and skills for the enhancement of human welfare and
environment; being honest and fair in their class activity, requirements and other projects
will not engage in cheating or plagiarism. The institution undertakes as a modest and
nominal ideal of behaviors in academic matters that students be straightforward and that
they distribute for deposit solely the produce of their particular efforts.

Impulse and Momentum
IMPULSE
• a quantity that describes the effect of a net force acting on an object (a kind of
“moving force”).
• Change in momentum
• the product of a force (F) and the time interval (Δt) over which the force acts:
Impulse J is a force F acting for a small-time interval ∆t.
𝑱 = 𝑭∆𝒕 Unit of Impulse is 𝑵 ∙ 𝒔
Impulse is a vector quantity whose direction is that of the force. Its units are N·s in the
SI.
Example 1: The face of a golf club exerts an average force of 4000 N for 0.002 s.
What is the impulse imparted to the ball?
Given: F = 4,000N Solution:

∆𝑡 = 0.002 𝑠 𝑱 = 𝑭∆𝒕 = 4,000𝑁(0.002𝑠)
Required: J=? 𝑱 = 𝟖. 𝟎𝟎 𝑵𝒔
Impulse from a Varying Force
Normally, a force acting for a short interval is not constant. It may be large initially and
then play off to zero as shown in the graph.
F In the absence of calculus, we use the

average force 𝐹𝑎𝑣𝑒
𝑱 = 𝑭𝒂𝒗𝒆 ∆𝒕
time, t

Example 2: Two flexible balls collide. The ball B exerts an average force of 1200 N on
ball A. How long were the balls in contact if the impulse is 5 N s?
Given: 𝐹𝑎𝑣𝑒 = −1,200𝑁

𝐽 = −5𝑁 ∙ 𝑠
Required: t
Solution: 𝐽 −5𝑁 ∙ 𝑠
∆𝑡 = =
𝐹 −1,200𝑁
∆t = 0.00420 s
Impulse Changes Velocity
Consider a mallet hitting a ball: Subst. eq. 2 to eq. 1

𝑣𝑓 − 𝑣𝑜
𝐹 = 𝑚𝑎 eq. 1 𝐹 = 𝑚( )
∆𝑡
F 𝑣𝑓 − 𝑣𝑜
𝑎= eq. 2 𝐹∆𝑡 = 𝑚𝑣𝑓 − 𝑚𝑣𝑜
∆𝑡
Impulse = change in “mv”
Momentum
The Linear Momentum (p) of a body is

• A quantity that describes an object’s resistance to stopping (a kind of “moving
inertia”).
• the product of its mass (m) and velocity (v): Linear momentum = (mass of a body) x
(velocity of the body)
Linear Momentum p is defined as the product of mass and velocity, mv.

SI units: kg∙m/s; slug∙ft/s in English System
𝒑 = 𝒎𝒗
𝒗 = 𝟏𝟔𝒎/𝒔 𝒑 = 𝒎𝒗
𝒎 = 𝟏, 𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒌𝒈
16𝑚
𝑝 = 1,000𝑘𝑔( )
𝑠
𝒑 = 𝟏𝟔, 𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒌𝒈 𝒎/𝒔
Momentum is a vector quantity whose direction is that of the velocity.
𝑰𝒎𝒑𝒖𝒍𝒔𝒆 = 𝑪𝒉𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒆 𝒊𝒏 𝒎𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒖𝒎 A force F acting on a ball for

a time ∆t increases its
𝑭∆𝒕 = 𝒎𝒗𝒇 − 𝒎𝒗𝒐 momentum mv.
Example 3: A 50-g golf ball leaves the face of the club at 20 m/s. If the club is in
contact for 0.002 s, what average force acted on the ball?
𝑮𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒏: 𝑚 = 0.05𝑘𝑔; 𝑣0 = 0
∆𝑡 = 0.002 𝑠; 𝑣𝑓 = 20𝑚/𝑠
𝑹𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒊𝒓𝒆𝒅: 𝐹𝑎𝑣𝑒 =?
𝑭∆𝒕 = 𝒎𝒗𝒇 − 𝒎𝒗𝒐
𝐹(0.002 𝑠) = (0.05𝑘𝑔)(20𝑚/𝑠)
1𝑘𝑔 𝑚/𝑠
𝑭= = 𝟓𝟎𝟎𝑵
0.002𝑠
Example Problem No. 1, LM No. 11

If a 5 kg object experiences a 10N force for a duration of 0.10 second, what is the
momentum change of the object?
Given: ∆𝒑 = 𝑰𝒎𝒑𝒖𝒍𝒔𝒆
𝑚 = 10𝑘𝑔; 𝐹 = 10𝑁 ∆𝒑 = 𝑭∆𝒕
∆𝑡 = 0.10 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 ∆𝑝 = 10𝑁(0.10𝑠)
Required: ∆𝑝 = 10 𝑘𝑔 𝑚/𝑠 2 (0.10𝑠)
∆𝑝 =? ∆𝑝 = 1 𝑘𝑔 𝑚/𝑠

Example Problem No. 2, LM No. 11
A 2.0-kg brick is moving at a speed of 6.0 m/s. How large a force F needed to stop the
brick in a time of 7.0 x 10-4 s?
Given:
𝑭∆𝒕 = 𝒎(𝒗𝒇 − 𝒗𝒐 )
𝑚𝑏 = 2.0 𝑘𝑔
𝐹(7.0 𝑥 10−4 𝑠) = 2.0𝑘𝑔(0 − 6 𝑚/𝑠)
𝑣𝑜 = 6.0 𝑚/𝑠
𝐹(7.0 𝑥 10−4 𝑠) = −12𝑘𝑔 𝑚/𝑠
𝑣𝑓 = 0
−12𝑘𝑔 𝑚/𝑠
∆𝑡 = 7.0 𝑥 10−4 𝑠 𝐹=
7.0 𝑥 10−4 𝑠
Required: 𝑭 = −𝟏𝟕, 𝟏𝟒𝟐. 𝟖𝟔𝑵
𝐹 =?
Vector Nature of Momentum
Consider the change in momentum of a ball that is dropped onto a rigid plate:
A 2-kg ball strikes the plate with a speed of 20 m/s

and rebounds with a speed of 15 m/s. What is the
change in momentum?
20𝑚
𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛: 𝑚 = 2𝑘𝑔; 𝑣𝑜 = − ; 𝑣𝑓 = 15𝑚/𝑠
𝑠
𝑅𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑: ∆𝑝 =?
Solution:
∆𝒑 = 𝑚𝑣𝑓 − 𝑚𝑣𝑜 = (2𝑘𝑔)(15𝑚/𝑠) − (2𝑘𝑔)(−20𝑚/𝑠)
30𝑘𝑔𝑚 40𝑘𝑔𝑚
∆𝒑 = + = 70𝑘𝑔𝑚/𝑠
𝑠 𝑠
∆𝒑 = 𝟕𝟎𝒌𝒈𝒎/𝒔

Directions Are Essential
1. Choose and label a positive direction.

2. A velocity is positive when with this
direction and negative when against
it.
Assume v0 is 30 m/s to the left and vf
is 10 m/s to the right. What is the
change in velocity ∆v?
𝑣𝑓 − 𝑣𝑜 = (10𝑚/𝑠) − (−30𝑚/𝑠)
∆𝑣 = 40 𝑚/𝑠
Example 4: A 500-g baseball moves to the left at 20 m/s striking a bat. The bat is in
contact with the ball for 0.002 s, and it leaves in the opposite direction at 40 m/s.
What was average force on ball?
20𝑚 40𝑚
𝑮𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒏: 𝑚 = 500𝑔; 𝑣𝑜 = − ; 𝑣𝑓 = ; ∆𝑡 = 0.002𝑠 𝑹𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒊𝒓𝒆𝒅: 𝐹 =?
𝑠 𝑠
Solution:
𝐹∆𝑡 = 𝑚𝑣𝑓 − 𝑚𝑣𝑜
𝐹(0.002𝑠) = (0.5𝑘𝑔)(40𝑚/𝑠) − (0.5𝑘𝑔)(−20𝑚/𝑠)

𝐹(0.002𝑠) = (20𝑘𝑔 𝑚/𝑠) + (10𝑘𝑔 𝑚/𝑠)
𝐹(0.002𝑠) = 30𝑘𝑔 𝑚/𝑠
30𝑘𝑔 𝑚/𝑠
𝐹= = 15,000 N
0.002𝑠

A Collision of Two Masses
When two masses m1 and m2 collide, we will use the symbol u to describe velocities
before collision.
The symbol v will describe velocities after collision.
A Collision of Two Blocks
Conservation of Energy
The kinetic energy before colliding is equal to the kinetic energy after colliding
plus the energy lost in the collision.
1 1 1 1
𝑚1 𝑢12 + 𝑚2 𝑢22 = 𝑚1 𝑣12 + 𝑚2 𝑣22 + 𝐿𝑜𝑠𝑠
2 2 2 2

Example 5. A 2-kg mass moving at 4 m/s collides with a 1-kg mass initially at rest.
After the collision, the 2-kg mass moves at 1 m/s and the 1-kg mass moves at 3 m/s.
What energy was lost in the collision? Energy is conserved.
Given: Required: Energy Lost in the collision
Solution:
Before Collision After Collision
Before Collision:
1 1 1 1
𝑚1 𝑢12 + 𝑚2 𝑢22 = (2𝑘𝑔)(4𝑚/𝑠)2 + (1𝑘𝑔)(0)2 = 16𝐽
2 2 2 2
After Collision:
1 1 1 1
𝑚1 𝑣12 + 𝑚2 𝑣22 = (2𝑘𝑔)(1𝑚/𝑠)2 + (1𝑘𝑔)(2𝑚/𝑠)2 = 3𝐽
2 2 2 2
Energy Conservation: K(Before) = K(After) + Loss

Loss = K(Before) – K(After)
Loss = 16J – 3J = 13J

𝐈𝐦𝐩𝐮𝐥𝐬𝐞 = ∆𝐩
𝐅∆𝐭 = 𝐦𝐯𝐟 − 𝐦𝐯𝐨
Opposite but Equal 𝐅∆𝐭
𝑭𝑩 ∆𝒕 = −𝑭𝑨 ∆𝒕
𝑚𝐵 𝑣𝐵 − 𝑚𝐵 𝑢𝐵 = −(𝑚𝐴 𝑣𝐴 − 𝑚𝐴 𝑢𝐴 )
𝒎𝑩 𝒗𝑩 − 𝒎𝑩 𝒖𝑩 = −𝒎𝑨 𝒗𝑨 + 𝒎𝑨 𝒖𝑨
Version 2, Revision 2, September 2022 10 | P a g e
Conservation of Momentum
The total momentum AFTER a collision is equal to the total momentum BEFORE.
𝒎 𝑨 𝒗𝑨 + 𝒎 𝑩 𝒗𝑩 = 𝒎 𝑨 𝒖 𝑨 + 𝒎 𝑩 𝒖 𝑩
Recall that the total energy is also

conserved:
1
Kinetic Energy: 𝐾 = 2 𝑚𝑣 2
𝑲𝑨𝒐 + 𝑲𝑩𝒐 = 𝑲𝑨𝒇 + 𝑲𝑩𝒇 + 𝑳𝒐𝒔𝒔
Types of Collision
1. Completely Inelastic Collisions
An inelastic collision can be defined as a type of collision where this is a loss of kinetic
energy and the deformation maybe permanent.
Collisions where two objects stick together and have a common velocity after impact.
Conservation of Momentum:
(𝒎𝑨 + 𝒎𝑩 )𝒗𝒄 = 𝒎𝑨 𝒖𝑨 + 𝒎𝑩 𝒖𝑩
Conservation of Energy:
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝒎𝑨 𝒖𝟐𝑨 + 𝒎𝑩 𝒖𝟐𝑩 = (𝒎𝑨 + 𝒎𝑩 )𝒗𝟐𝒄 + 𝑳𝒐𝒔𝒔
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
Example 6. An 87-kg skater B collides with a 22-kg skater A initially at rest on ice.
They move together after the collision at 2.4 m/s. Find the velocity of the skater B
before the collision.
Given:
𝑚𝐵 = 87𝑘𝑔; 𝑚𝐴 = 22𝑘𝑔
𝑢𝐴 = 0; 𝑣𝐶 = 2.4𝑚/𝑠
Required: 𝑣𝐵 = 𝑣𝐴 = 𝑣𝐶 = 2.4𝑚/𝑠
𝑢𝐵 =?

Solution:
(𝒎𝑨 + 𝒎𝑩 )𝒗𝒄 = 𝒎𝑨 𝒖𝑨 + 𝒎𝑩 𝒖𝑩
(22𝑘𝑔 + 87𝑘𝑔)2.4 𝑚/𝑠 = (22𝑘𝑔)(0) + (87𝑘𝑔)(𝑢𝐵 )
(109𝑘𝑔)2.4 𝑚/𝑠 = 0 + (87𝑘𝑔)𝑢𝐵
261.6𝑘𝑔 𝑚/𝑠 = (87𝑘𝑔)𝑢𝐵
261.6𝑘𝑔 𝑚/𝑠
𝑢𝐵 = = 𝟑. 𝟎𝟏 𝒎/𝒔
87𝑘𝑔
2. Completely Elastic Collision
Collisions where two objects collide in such a way that zero energy is lost in the
process.
Velocity in Elastic Collisions
1. Zero Energy lost
2. Masses do not change
3. Momentum conserved
Equal but opposite impulses (𝐹∆𝑡) means that:

(Relative ∆𝑣 After) = - (Relative ∆𝑣 Before)
For elastic collision: 𝒗𝑨 − 𝒗𝑩 = −(𝒖𝑨 − 𝒖𝑩 )
Conservation of Momentum:
𝒎𝑨 𝒗𝑨 + 𝒎𝑩 𝒗𝑩 = 𝒎𝑨 𝒖𝑨 + 𝒎𝑩 𝒖𝑩
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
Conservation of Energy: 𝒎𝑨 𝒖𝟐𝑨 + 𝒎𝑩 𝒖𝟐𝑩 = 𝒎𝑨 𝒗𝟐𝑨 + 𝒎𝑩 𝒗𝟐𝑩 + 𝑳𝒐𝒔𝒔
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝒗𝑨 − 𝒗𝑩 = (𝒖𝑩 − 𝒖𝑨 )

Coefficient of Restitution:
For any collision between two bodies in which the bodies move only along a single straight
line (e.g., the x-axis), a coefficient of restitution e is defined. It is a pure number given
by
𝑣2 − 𝑣1
𝑒=
𝑢1 − 𝑢2
Where 𝑢1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑢2 are the values before impact, and 𝑣1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑣2 are values after impact.
Notice that |𝑢1 − 𝑢2 | is the relative speed of approach and |𝑣2 − 𝑣1 | is the relative speed
of recession.
For a perfectly elastic collision, e = 1. For inelastic collision, 𝑒 < 1. If the bodies stick
together after collision, e = 0.
Example 7: A 50 g bullet lodges into a 2-kg block of clay hung by a string. The bullet
and clay rise together to a height of 12 cm. What was the velocity of the 50-g mass
just before entering?
Given:
1𝑘𝑔
𝑚𝐴 = 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑢𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑡 = 50𝑔𝑥 = 0.05𝑘𝑔
1000𝑔
𝑚𝐵 = 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑘 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑦 = 2𝑘𝑔
1𝑚
ℎ = 12 𝑐𝑚𝑥 = 0.12𝑚
100𝑐𝑚
Required: 𝑢𝐴 =?

Solution:
Collision and Momentum:

To find 𝑣𝐴 , we need 𝑣𝑐
After collision, energy is conserved for masses.
1
(𝑚𝐴 + 𝑚𝐵 )𝑣𝐶2 = (𝑚𝐴 + 𝑚𝐵 )𝑔ℎ
2
1 2
𝑣 = 𝑔ℎ
2 𝐶
𝑣𝐶2 = 2𝑔ℎ
𝑣𝐶 = √2𝑔ℎ = √2(9.8 𝑚/𝑠 2 )(0.12𝑚)
𝑣𝐶 = √2.352𝑚2 /𝑠 2 = 𝟏. 𝟓𝟑 𝒎/𝒔
Collision and Momentum:

𝑚𝐴 𝑢𝐴 + 𝑚𝐵 𝑢𝐵 = (𝑚𝐴 + 𝑚𝐵 )𝑣𝐶
(0.05𝑘𝑔)𝑢𝐴 + (2𝑘𝑔)0 = (0.05𝑘𝑔 + 2𝑘𝑔)𝑣𝑐
(0.05𝑘𝑔)𝑢𝐴 = (2.05𝑘𝑔)𝑣𝑐
(0.05𝑘𝑔)𝑢𝐴 = (2.05𝑘𝑔)(1.53𝑚/𝑠)
(0.05𝑘𝑔)(𝑢𝐴 ) = 3.825𝑘𝑔 𝑚/𝑠
3.825𝑘𝑔 𝑚/𝑠
𝑢𝐴 = = 𝟕𝟔. 𝟓 𝒎/𝒔
0.05𝑘𝑔
Example Problem No. 3 LM. 11

An 8-g bullet is fired horizontally into a 9-kg cube of wood, which is a t rest, and sticks
in it. The cube is free to move and has a speed of 40 cm/s after impact. Find the initial
velocity of the bullet.
Given: Required: 𝒖𝑩 =?
Let:
𝑚𝐵 = 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑢𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑡 = 8𝑔
𝑚𝐶 = 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑢𝑏𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑜𝑜𝑑 = 9𝑘𝑔
𝑢𝑐 = 0
𝑣𝐵𝐶 = 𝑏𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑎𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑡 = 40 𝑐𝑚/𝑠

Solution:
1𝑘𝑔
𝑚𝐵 = 8𝑔 𝑥 = 0.008 𝑘𝑔
1000𝑔
𝑐𝑚 1𝑚
𝑣𝐵𝐶 = 40 𝑥 = 0.40 𝑚/𝑠
𝑠 100𝑐𝑚
Momentum of the system before impact = Momentum of the system after impact
𝒎𝑩 𝒖𝑩 + 𝒎𝑪 𝒖𝑪 = (𝒎𝑩 + 𝒎𝑪 )𝒗𝑩𝑪
(0.008𝑘𝑔)(𝑢𝐵 ) + (9𝑘𝑔)(0) = (0.008𝑘𝑔 + 9.0𝑘𝑔)(0.40𝑚/𝑠)
(0.008𝑘𝑔)𝑢𝐵 + 0 = (9.008𝑘𝑔)(0.40𝑚/𝑠)
(0.008𝑘𝑔)𝑢𝐵 = 3.6032𝑘𝑔 𝑚/𝑠
3.6032𝑘𝑔 𝑚/𝑠
𝑢𝐵 =
0.008𝑘𝑔
𝒖𝑩 = 𝟒𝟓𝟎. 𝟒 𝒎/𝒔
Example Problem No. 4 LM. No. 11

Suppose that an emergency occurs on the space station and an astronaut needs to
manually move a free-floating 4,000 kg space capsule away from a docking area. On
earth, the astronaut knows she can hold a 50 kg weight above herself for 3 seconds. How
quickly could she get the capsule moving?
Given: Required: 𝑣 =?
Let:
𝑚𝑠𝑐 = 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑠𝑢𝑙𝑒 = 4,000𝑘𝑔
𝑚𝑎 = 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑎𝑛 𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑢𝑡 𝑐𝑎𝑛 ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑑 = 50𝑘𝑔
𝑡 = 3.0 𝑠𝑒𝑐
Solution:
Impulse-Momentum Theorem
Compute the total Impulse the astronaut can
𝐹∆𝑡 = 𝑚𝑠𝑐 (∆𝑣)
apply:
𝑚𝑠𝑐 ∆𝑣 = 𝐹∆𝑡
𝐽 = 𝑚𝑎 𝑔∆𝑡 = (50𝑘𝑔)(9.81𝑚/𝑠 2 )(3.0𝑠)
(4,000𝑘𝑔)∆𝑣 = 1471.5𝑁 ∙ 𝑠
𝑱 = 𝟏, 𝟒𝟕𝟏. 𝟓 𝑵 ∙ 𝒔
1471.5𝑁 ∙ 𝑠
∆𝑣 = = 0.368 𝑚/𝑠
4,000𝑘𝑔
∆𝒗 = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟔𝟖 𝒎/𝒔

Plate No. 11
1. A 6000 kg truck travelling north at 5.0 m/s collides with a 4000 kg truck moving
west at 15 m/s. If the two trucks remain locked after impact, with what speed
and in what direction do they move immediately after collision?
2. What average resisting force must act on a 3.0 kg mass to reduce its speed
from 65 cm/s to 15 cm/s in 0.20 sec?
3. A 7.00 g bullet moving horizontally at 200 m/s strikes and passes through a
150 g tin can sitting on a post. Just after impact, the can has a horizontal speed
of 180 cm/s. What was the bullet’s speed after leaving the can?
4. Two balls of equal mass, moving with speeds of 3 m/s, collide head-on. Find
the speed of each after impact if a) they stick together, b) the collision is
perfectly elastic, c) the coefficient of restitution is 1/3.
5. Two bodies of masses 8 kg and 4 kg move along the x-axis in opposite

directions with velocities of 11 m/s positive direction and 7 m/s negative
direction, respectively. They collide and stick together. Find their velocity just
after collision.

AMT 3102 Module No. 11 Impulse and Momentum

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

AMT 3102 Module No. 11 Impulse and Momentum

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS

INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

Version 2, Revision 2, September 2022 1|Page

Version 2, Revision 2, September 2022 2|Page

Course Learning Outcomes [CLO]

CLO1. Apply the knowledge of Module Learning Outcomes [MLO]

Version 2, Revision 2, September 2022 3|Page

Impulse and Momentum

Impulse J is a force F acting for a small-time interval ∆t.

𝑱 = 𝑭∆𝒕 Unit of Impulse is 𝑵 ∙ 𝒔

Given: F = 4,000N Solution:

Impulse from a Varying Force

F In the absence of calculus, we use the

Version 2, Revision 2, September 2022 4|Page

Given: 𝐹𝑎𝑣𝑒 = −1,200𝑁

Impulse Changes Velocity

Consider a mallet hitting a ball: Subst. eq. 2 to eq. 1

Impulse = change in “mv”

The Linear Momentum (p) of a body is

Linear Momentum p is defined as the product of mass and velocity, mv.

Impulse and Momentum

𝑰𝒎𝒑𝒖𝒍𝒔𝒆 = 𝑪𝒉𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒆 𝒊𝒏 𝒎𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒖𝒎 A force F acting on a ball for

𝑭∆𝒕 = 𝒎𝒗𝒇 − 𝒎𝒗𝒐

Example Problem No. 1, LM No. 11

𝑚 = 10𝑘𝑔; 𝐹 = 10𝑁 ∆𝒑 = 𝑭∆𝒕

∆𝑡 = 0.10 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 ∆𝑝 = 10𝑁(0.10𝑠)

Required: ∆𝑝 = 10 𝑘𝑔 𝑚/𝑠 2 (0.10𝑠)

Version 2, Revision 2, September 2022 6|Page

Vector Nature of Momentum

A 2-kg ball strikes the plate with a speed of 20 m/s

Version 2, Revision 2, September 2022 7|Page

Directions Are Essential

1. Choose and label a positive direction.

𝐹(0.002𝑠) = (0.5𝑘𝑔)(40𝑚/𝑠) − (0.5𝑘𝑔)(−20𝑚/𝑠)

Version 2, Revision 2, September 2022 8|Page

The symbol v will describe velocities after collision.

A Collision of Two Blocks

Version 2, Revision 2, September 2022 9|Page

Given: Required: Energy Lost in the collision

Before Collision After Collision

Energy Conservation: K(Before) = K(After) + Loss

Impulse and Momentum

Recall that the total energy is also

𝑲𝑨𝒐 + 𝑲𝑩𝒐 = 𝑲𝑨𝒇 + 𝑲𝑩𝒇 + 𝑳𝒐𝒔𝒔

Version 2, Revision 2, September 2022 11 | P a g e

2. Completely Elastic Collision

Velocity in Elastic Collisions

1. Zero Energy lost

2. Masses do not change

Equal but opposite impulses (𝐹∆𝑡) means that:

Version 2, Revision 2, September 2022 12 | P a g e

Version 2, Revision 2, September 2022 13 | P a g e

Collision and Momentum:

𝑣𝐶 = √2𝑔ℎ = √2(9.8 𝑚/𝑠 2 )(0.12𝑚)

Collision and Momentum:

Example Problem No. 3 LM. 11

Version 2, Revision 2, September 2022 14 | P a g e

Example Problem No. 4 LM. No. 11

Version 2, Revision 2, September 2022 15 | P a g e

5. Two bodies of masses 8 kg and 4 kg move along the x-axis in opposite

Version 2, Revision 2, September 2022 16 | P a g e

You might also like