The World of Computers

What is this all about?

Computers are everywhere: at work, at schools, and at home. Computers are a primary means of local and
global communication for billions of people. Consumers use computers to correspond with businesses, employees
with other employees and customers, students with classmates and teachers, and family members and military
personnel with friends and other family members. In addition to sending simple notes, people use computers to
share photos, drawings, documents, calendars, journals, music, and videos. Through computers, society has
instant access to information from around the globe. Local and national news, weather reports, sports scores,
airline schedules, telephone directories, maps and directions, job listings, credit reports, and countless forms of
educational material always are accessible. From the computer, you can make a telephone call, meet new friends,
share opinions or life stories, book flights, shop, fill prescriptions, file taxes, take a course, receive alerts, and
automate your home. At home or while on the road, people use computers to manage schedules and contacts,
listen to voice mail messages, balance checkbooks, pay bills, transfer funds, and buy or sell stocks. Banks place
ATMs (automated teller machines) all over the world, so that customers can deposit and withdraw funds
anywhere at any time. At the grocery store, a computer tracks purchases, calculates the amount of money due,
and often generates coupons customized to buying patterns. Vehicles include onboard navigation systems that
provide directions, call for emergency services, and track the vehicle if it is stolen. In the workplace, employees
use computers to create correspondence such as e-mail messages, memos, and letters; manage calendars; calculate
payroll; track inventory; and generate invoices. People also spend hours of leisure time using a computer. They
play games, listen to music or radio broadcasts, watch or compose videos and movies, read books and magazines,
share stories, research genealogy, retouch photos, and plan vacations.
With this pandemic that we are facing nowadays, computers are very essential since some schools offers
different learning modalities such as online learning. Also at school, teachers use computers to assist with
classroom instruction. Students complete assignments and conduct research on computers in lab rooms, at home,
or elsewhere. Instead of attending class on campus, one of the mode of delivery lessons are through online classes.

At the end of the lesson, you will be able to:

1. Discuss the brief history of computers.
2. Define the term, computer, and describe the
relationship between data and information
3. Describe the five components of a computer: input
devices, output devices, system unit, storage devices,
and communications devices.
 Read and Learn

What is a computer?
A computer is an electronic device, operating
under the control of instructions stored in its
own memory, that can accept data, process
the data according to specified rules, produce
results, and store the results for future use.

Data and Information

Data is a collection Information

of unprocessed items,
is the manipulated
which can include text,
and processed form
numbers, images,
audio, and video
of data.

Information Processing Cycle

Computers process data (input) into information

(output). Computers carry out processes using
instructions, which are the steps that tell the computer
how to perform a particular task. A collection of related
instructions organized for a common purpose is
referred to as software. A computer often holds data,
information, and instructions in storage for future use.
Some people refer to the series of input, process, output,
and storage activities as the information processing
cycle.

(See Figure 1 on how Information Processing Cycle takes place)

 Figure 1. A computer processes data
into information. In this simplified
example, the item ordered, item
price, quantity ordered, and amount
received all represent data. The
computer processes the data to
produce the cash register receipt
(information).

Brief History of Computers

The computer we know today is a result of various improvements made since
19th century by an English Mathematician professor named Charles Babbage

Babbage designed the Analytical Engine where the basic

framework of computers today are based on.

The first digital computer in 1937 was the Atanasoff-Berry Computer or ABC. In
1943, a computer called Colossus was built for the military.

Developments continued until 1946, when the first general- purpose digital
computer was made. Over the course of 1947 to 1962, the computer was
introduced to the public and programming languages where then developed.
Computers had memory, operating systems, tapes, disk and printers.
 Since 1963, the computers started becoming smaller and more powerful. The PC or
personal computer we know today is introduced in 1980 from the MS-Dos.

Improvements were slowly made to give us the Windows Operating system we

know today and the Macintosh computer for Apple.

The computer is still being improved today and many functions

are still being developed to make human tasks easier and faster.

Figure 2: The Brief History of Computers

The Components of a Computer

Hardware Components

Contains electric, electronic, and mechanical components which includes Input

devices, output devices, system unit, storage devices, and communication devices.

 Input Devices - is any hardware component that allows you to enter data and
instructions into a computer

A computer keyboard contains keys you press to enter data

into the computer. For security purposes, some keyboards
include a fingerprint reader, which allows you to work with the
computer only if your fingerprint is recognized.

A mouse is a small handheld device. With the mouse, you

control movement of a small symbol on the screen, called the
pointer, and you make selections from the screen.

A scanner converts printed

material (such as text and
pictures) into a form the
computer can use.
A microphone allows
you to speak into the
computer.
A Web cam is a digital video camera
that allows you to create movies or
take pictures and store them on the
computer instead of on tape or film.

Figure 3: The Computer’s Input Devices

“s
  Output Devices – is any hardware component which produces output from the
data being entered and processed in the computer.

A printer produces
text and graphics on A monitor displays
a physical medium text, graphics, and
such as paper. videos on a screen.

Speakers allow you

to hear music, voice,
and other audio
(sounds).

Figure 4: The Computer’s Output Devices

 System Unit – is a case that contains the electronic components of the computer
that are used to process data.

Two main components on the motherboard

are the processor and memory. The processor,
also called a CPU (central processing unit), is the Figure 5: The
electronic component that interprets and carries System Unit
out the basic instructions that operate the
computer. Memory consists of electronic
components that store instructions waiting to be
executed and data needed by those instructions.

 Storage Devices – this are hardware components that holds data, instructions
and information for future use. It is used to records (writes) and/or retrieves
(reads) items to and from storage media.

2Hard Disk

Figure 6: The Computer’s Storage Devices 1DVD Drive

  Communication Devices – is a hardware component that enables a computer to
send (transmit) and receive data, instructions, and information to and from one or
more computers or mobile devices. A widely used communications device is a
modem. Communications occur over cables, telephone lines, cellular radio
networks, satellites, and other transmission media. Some transmission media, such
as satellites and cellular radio networks, are wireless, which means they have no
physical lines or wires.

Figure 7: Modem (Communication Device)

1

Computer Software

A set of instruction given to the computer in machine code that tells the computer what to do
and how to perform the given task of the user is known as computer software. Software, also called
a program, consists of a series of related instructions, organized for a common purpose, that tells the
computer what tasks to perform and how to perform them. You interact with a program through its
user interface. The user interface controls how you enter data and instructions and how information
is displayed on the screen. Software today often has a graphical user interface. With a graphical user
interface (GUI pronounced gooey), you interact with the software using text, graphics, and visual
images such as icons. An icon is a miniature image that represents a program, an instruction, or some
other object. You can use the mouse to select icons that perform operations such as starting a program.

The Computer Software is classified into two main categories:

1. Application Software
2. System Software

System Software Two Types of System Software

System software consists of the programs that control

Operating System
or maintain the operations of the computer and its
devices. System software serves as the interface
between the user, the application software, and the Utility Programs
computer’s hardware
 An operating system is a set Operating System performs basic tasks such
of programs that as:
coordinates all the activities
among computer hardware 1. Recognizing input from the
devices. It provides a means keyboard.
for users to communicate 2. Sending output to the display screen
with the computer and other 3. Keeping track of files and directories
software. Many of today’s on the disk
computers use Microsoft’s 4. Controlling peripheral devices such
Windows or Mac OS, as disk drives and printers.
Apple’s operating system.
Some examples of utility programs include:

1. Virus Scanning Software – are utility

A utility program allows a user to
perform maintenance-type tasks
usually related to managing a
computer, its devices, or its
programs. For example, you can use
a utility program to transfer digital
photos to an optical disc. Most
operating systems include several
utility programs for managing disk
drives, printers, and other devices
and media.
programs designed to protect your computer
from computer viruses
2. Backup Software – is a software that assist
you in backing up your files and even the
entire computer hard drive.
3. Scandisk – is a utility provided with
Windows computers, which scans your disks
to see if there are any potential problems on
the disk such as bad disk areas.
4. Disk Defragmenter Software – assist you in
keep reorganizing your disk drives.

Application Software

A set of programs used to solve particular problem of user

through computer is called Application Software. It consists of
programs designed to make users more productive and/or assist
them with personal tasks. It is also known as the Application
package

Some of application packages are:

1. Word Processing Software (e.g. Word)

2. Spreadsheet Software (e.g. Excel)
3. Database Management Software (e.g. Oracle, MS Access)
4. Graphic Software (e.g. PowerPoint)
5. Publishing Software (e.g. MS Publisher)
6. Communication Software (e.g. Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, Chrome)
Categories of Computers

A. Personal Computers - is a computer that can perform all of its input, processing, output, and
storage activities by itself. A personal computer contains a processor, memory, and one or more
input, output, and storage devices. Personal computers also often contain a communications device.
Two popular architectures of personal computers are the PC and the Apple. The term, PC-
compatible, refers to any personal computer based on the original IBM personal computer design.
Companies such as Dell, HP, and Toshiba sell PC-compatible computers. PC and PC-compatible
computers usually use a Windows operating system. Apple computers usually use a Macintosh
operating system (Mac OS).
A desktop computer is designed so that the system unit, input devices, output devices, and
any other devices fit entirely on or under a desk or table. Some desktop computers function as a
server on a network. Others, such as a gaming desktop computer and home theater PC, target a
specific a. Another expensive, powerful desktop computer is the workstation, which is geared for
work that requires intense calculations and graphics capabilities.

Figure 8: PC and PC-compatible computers Figure 9: Apple computers, such as the iMac,
usually use a Windows operating system. usually use a Macintosh operating system.

B. Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices

A mobile computer is a personal computer you can carry from place to place. Similarly, a mobile
device is a computing device small enough to hold in your hand.

Notebook Computers - also called a laptop computer, is a portable, personal computer often designed to
fit on your lap. Notebook computers are thin and lightweight, yet they can be as powerful as the average
desktop computer. A netbook, which is a type of notebook computer, is smaller, lighter, and often not as
powerful as a traditional notebook computer.
Tablet PCs – a resemble of a letter-sized slate which is a special type of notebook computer that you can
interact with by touching the screen with your finger or digital pen. A digital pen looks like a small ink pen
but uses pressure instead of ink.
Smart Phones - is an Internet-enabled phone that usually also provides personal information management
functions such as a calendar, an appointment book, an address book, a calculator, and a notepad. In addition
to basic phone capabilities, a smart phone allows you to send and receive e-mail messages and access the
Web — usually for an additional fee.
 Figure 10: Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices

PDA (personal digital assistant) - which often looks like a smart phone, provides personal information
management functions such as a calendar, an appointment book, an address book, a calculator, and a
notepad. A PDA differs from a smart phone in that it usually does not provide phone capabilities and
may not be Internet enabled, support voice input, have a built-in camera, or function as a portable media
player.
E-Book Readers - (short for electronic book reader), or e-reader, is a handheld device that is used
primarily for reading e-books. An e-book, or digital book, is an electronic version of a printed book,
readable on computers and other digital devices.
Handheld Computers - sometimes referred to as an Ultra-Mobile PC (UMPC), is a computer small
enough to fit in one hand. Many handheld computers communicate wirelessly with other devices or
computers and also include a digital pen or stylus for input.
Portable Media Players - is a mobile device on which you can store, organize, and play digital media.
For example, you can listen to music; watch videos, movies, and television shows; and view photos on
the device’s screen.
Digital Cameras - is a device that allows users to take pictures and store the photographed images
digitally, instead of on traditional film. Digital cameras typically allow users to review, and sometimes
modify, images while they are in the camera. Some digital cameras connect to or communicate
wirelessly with a computer or printer, allowing users to print or view images directly from the printer.
 C. Game Consoles - is a mobile computing device designed for single-player or multiplayer video
games. Standard game consoles use a handheld controller(s) as an input device(s); a television screen
as an output device; and hard disks, optical discs, and/or memory cards for storage. Weighing on
average between two and nine pounds, the compact size of game consoles makes them easy to use
at home, in the car, in a hotel, or any location that has an electrical outlet. Three popular models are
Microsoft’s Xbox 360, Nintendo’s Wii (pronounced wee), and Sony’s PlayStation 3.

Handheld game console

Figure 11: Game Consoles

game console

D. Servers - controls access to the hardware,

software, and other resources on a network and
provides a centralized storage area for programs,
data, and information (Figure 12). Servers can
support from two to several thousand connected
computers at the same time.
In many cases, one server accesses data, information,
and programs on another server. In
other cases, people use personal computers or
terminals to access data, information, and programs
on a server. A terminal is a device with a Figure 12: A Server
monitor, keyboard, and memory. controls to resources on a
network
E. Mainframe Computers - is a large, expensive, powerful computer that can handle hundreds or
thousands of connected users simultaneously (Figure 13). Mainframes store tremendous amounts of
data, instructions, and information. Most major corporations use mainframes for business activities.
With mainframes, enterprises are able to bill millions of customers, prepare payroll for thousands of
employees, and manage thousands of items in inventory. One study reported that mainframes process
more than 83 percent of transactions around the world. Mainframes also can act as servers in a network
environment. Servers and other mainframes can access data and information from a mainframe. People
also can access programs on the mainframe using terminals or personal computers.
F. Supercomputers - is the fastest, most powerful computer — and the most expensive (Figure14).
The fastest supercomputers are capable of processing more than one quadrillion instructions in a single
second. With weights that exceed 100 tons, these computers can store more than 20,000 times the data
and information of an average desktop computer. Applications requiring complex, sophisticated
mathematical calculations use supercomputers. Large-scale simulations and applications in medicine,
aerospace, automotive design, online banking, weather forecasting, nuclear energy research, and
petroleum exploration use a supercomputer.
 Figure 13: Mainframe computers can handle Figure 14: This supercomputer, IBM’s Roadrunner, can
thousands of connected computers and process more than one quadrillion instructions in a single
process millions of instructions per second. second.

G. Embedded Computers - is a special-purpose

computer that functions as a component in a
larger product. Embedded computers are
everywhere, at home, in your car, and at work.

The following list identifies a variety of everyday

products that contain embedded computers.
• Consumer Electronics: mobile and digital
telephones, digital televisions, cameras,
video recorders, DVD players and recorders,
answering machines
• Home Automation Devices: thermostats,
sprinkling systems, security monitoring
systems, appliances, lights
• Automobiles: antilock brakes, engine control
modules, airbag controller, cruise control
• Process Controllers and Robotics: remote
Figure 15: Some of the embedded computers
monitoring systems, power monitors, designed to improve your safety, security, and
machine controllers, medical devices
performance in today’s automobiles.
• Computer Devices and Office Machines:
keyboards, printers, fax and copy machines

Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Computers

A. Advantages of Using Computers

 Speed - When data, instructions, and information flow along electronic circuits
in a computer, they travel at incredibly fast speeds. Many computers process
billions or trillions of operations in a single second.
  Reliability: The electronic components in modern computers are dependable
and reliable because they rarely break or fail.
 Consistency - Given the same input and processes, a computer will produce
the same results — consistently. The accuracy of the computers output depend
on the accuracy of the computers input.
 Storage - A computer can transfer data quickly from storage to memory,
process it, and then store it again for future use. Many computers store
enormous amounts of data and make this data available for processing
anytime it is needed.
 Communications - Most computers today can communicate with other
computers, often wirelessly. Computers with this capability can share any of
the four information processing cycle operations — input, process, output,
and storage — with another computer or a user.

B. Disadvantages of Using Computers

 Health Risk - Prolonged or improper computer use can lead to injuries or
disorders of the hands, wrists, elbows, eyes, neck, and back. Computer users
can protect themselves from these health risks through proper workplace
design, good posture while at the computer, and appropriately spaced work
breaks. Two behavioral health risks are computer addiction and technology
overload.
 Violation of Privacy – Some of us, every life event is stored in a computer
somewhere such as medical records, credit reports, tax records, etc. In many
instances, where personal and confidential records were not protected
properly, individuals have found their privacy violated and identities stolen.
 Public Safety – Nowadays, people around the world are using computer to
share publicly their photos, videos, journals, music, and other personal
information. Some of these unsuspecting, innocent computer users have fallen
victim to crimes committed by dangerous strangers. Protect yourself and your
dependents from these criminals by being cautious in e-mail messages and on
Web sites.
 Impact on Labor Force: Although computers have improved productivity in
many ways and created an entire industry with hundreds of thousands of new
jobs, the skills of millions of employees have been replaced by computers.
Thus, it is crucial that workers keep their education up-to-date. A separate
impact on the labor force is that some companies are outsourcing jobs to
foreign countries instead of keeping their homeland labor force employed.
 Impact on Environment: Computer manufacturing processes and computer
waste are depleting natural resources and polluting the environment. When
computers are discarded in landfills, they can release toxic materials and
potentially dangerous levels of lead, mercury, and flame retardants.

Networks and the Internet

A network is a collection of computers and devices connected together, often wirelessly, via
communications devices and transmission media. When a computer connects to a network, it is
online. Networks allow computers to share resources, such as hardware, software, data, and
information. Sharing resources saves time and money. In many networks, one or more computers act
as a server. The server controls access to the resources on a network. The other computers on the
network, is called a client or workstation, it requests resources from the server.
 client Client

Figure 16: A server manages the

resources on a network, and clients
printer access the resources on the server.
This network enables three separate
computers to share the same printer,
one wirelessly.

server

Types of Network
A. LAN (Local Area Network) – this involves linking a number of computers together within an
office or building. Local area network is a group of computers connected with each other in a
small place such as school, hospital, apartment etc.
B. WAN (Wide Area Network) - is a network that extends over a large geographical area such as
states or countries. The internet is one of the biggest WAN in the world.
C. MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) - is a network that covers a larger geographic area by
interconnecting a different LAN to form a larger network.

The Internet

Figure 17: The Internet is a

worldwide collection of networks
that connects millions of
businesses, government agencies,
educational institutions, and
individuals. It is the largest
computer network, connecting
millions of computers and devices
around the world.
Some reasons why billions of peoples around the world uses Internet:

• Communicate and meet with other people

• Conduct research and access a wealth of information and news
• Shop for goods and services
• Bank and invest
• Participate in online training and classes
• Engage in entertaining activities, such as planning vacations, playing online games, listening to
music watching or editing videos, and reading books and magazines
• Download music and videos
• Share information, photos, and videos
• Access and interact with Web applications

The Web is the common name for the World Wide Web, a
subset of the Internet consisting of the pages that can be
accessed by a Web browser.

A Web page can contain text, graphics, animation, audio,

and video. Web pages often have built-in connections, or
links, to other documents, graphics, other Web pages, or
Web sites.

A Web site is a collection of related Web pages. Some

Web sites allow users to access music and videos that can
be downloaded, or transferred to storage media in a
computer or portable media player.

A web browser is a software program that allows a user to

locate, access, and display web pages.

ICT in the Context of Global Communication

Information and Communication Technology (ICT), plays an important part in our lives and
in all aspects in our society. This has become the main method of communication, getting
information, and education, attaining services from businesses, hospital, utilities, government,
purchasing products and services, doing personal and business transactions, and expressing social
advocacies and awareness. Below are things that describes how computers have made a difference
in people’s interaction with the innovations of our technology today.
A. Education
 Modern homes have computers for research and learning by students and the family for
school lessons. They are also used to learn about other people, places, current events, and
recent technologies.
 Computers in schools are used for fast, easy and effective instruction and learning in
different subjects. Teachers use different applications or Computer Based Training (CBT)
programs to present topics to enhance and modify learning.
 Courses in the Internet called Online Instruction are available to learn various lessons
such as origami, cooking and even earn a college degree.
 Libraries are now equipped with computers to organize books and to expand the
reference available to the students through internet.
 Students use computers to type reports, do their assignment and communicate with
teachers.
 Schools use computers to keep the database of information about the school and its
students.
B. Telecommunication
 Computers in homes, schools, private and government offices, hospitals and almost
everywhere are used to get in touch with other people. Everyone uses the computer to
send messages and other information all over the world. Computers are used to send
letters, emails, pictures, video clips and music. Talking to and seeing friends, relatives
and acquaintances are made easier and a lot cheaper by the use of computer connected
to the internet.
 Computers are also used in mobile phone communication to control calls and SMS (short
message service) or text traffic.
 VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) is a voice communication application via the Internet,
which costs less than traditional means.
C. Commerce
 Shops and supermarkets use software which calculates the bills and efficiently processes
both cash and credit transactions. Online shopping continues to grow in popularity since
it provides a lot of choices for items and pricing from various sources, as well as the
convenience of doing everything at home or place where would rather be.
D. Sports and Recreation
 There are simulation software where athletes can practice their skills, and the computer
will identify the flaws in their techniques
 Use computerized fitness programs, gadgets and equipment.
 Computers in television stations and movie outfits are used by Movie Directors to create
special effects or TV and movies, to make watching movies exciting and truly
entertaining.
 Computers at home are used to play games, listen music and watch movies.
E. Arts, Design, and Music
 Image and graphic design, photo editing, and music arrangements
 Music and videos are shared online by creators and can be downloaded for free or for a
fee.
F. Media and Visual Arts
 Architecture, interior design and landscape architecture
 Animation, web design, and mobile designs
 Photography, film making, audio, and video
 Computers are used by Animators to create cartoon characters in movies.
 Characters created by computers look real, for example, dinosaurs look as if they still
exist today. Dangerous and almost impossible scenes are now possible with state of the
art computer programs run by well-trained artists.
G. Health Services
 Computers in hospitals are used by doctors to store medical data, patients’ records,
research materials, and other information to effectively diagnose and treat patients.
 Online health information and consultations are now available on the internet. Sharing
of valuable experience and expertise helps treat patients with rare and serious diseases
faster.
 Computers in operating rooms assist doctors perform microsurgery with accuracy and
better chances of success.
 Computers are used in hospitals to monitor the patient’s condition. These computers
send out alarm signals whenever the patient’s condition become critical, so doctors and
nurses can attend to them immediately.
 Emails are used extensively to communicate with the doctors efficiently. Test results
and diagnoses are sent via the internet.
 With the internet, doctors share experiences and medical data with other doctors
around the globe to research and diagnose patients with greater accuracy.
H. Science and Research
 Modern laboratories have computers used by chemist to invent materials, medicine and
products to improve life.
 Physicist look for new renewable, safe, and affordable power sources using computers.
 Mathematician solve complex problems with the use of super-fast computers.
 Inventors design and test their products in the computer using simulations to ensure a
working model before actual manufacturing.
I. Travel and Hotel Bookings
 Airline fares and tickets are now paid online, hotel and housing are also reserved using
the Internet, and even ship travels are also booked online.
 Travel routes and maps can be downloaded to your PDAs or print maps to ensure you
will travel faster and not get lost on your trip.
 Computers in airports are used by air traffic controllers to control and schedule take-off
and landing of planes, to ensure safety.
 Computers on airplanes help both military and commercial pilots to fly and land their
airplane safety and efficiently. They use the computers to know how far they are from
their destination, how high they are, learn the planes condition and many other
information.
 Cars, boats and other gadgets are equipped with navigational aids designed to help
travelers reach their destination faster.
 You can book an air ticket or railway tickets and even make hotel reservations online.
Travelers can also browse images of the places they want to see, and even view the
amenities inside the hotel in advance.
J. Business and Accounting
 Computers in groceries are used by cashiers to store prices of goods, determine inventory
goods, and locate the goods in the store.
 Computers in offices are used to store daily business deals and transactions
 Secretaries type their letters on the computer, print, and store them for future use.
 One can always use the computers in the office to do several business activities like
planning and scheduling. There are software’s used to store contact information, generate
plans and schedule appointments.
 Call Centers use computers to record received or transmitted large volume of requests by
telephone to administer incoming product support or information inquiries from
consumers or telemarketing.
 Data encoders use computers to enter or update data into a computer system database.
 Medical transcriptionist use computer to convert voice-recorded reports, as dictated by
physicians or other healthcare professionals, into text format.
 Accountants use computers to know the financial status of the business
 Accounting process is done using computers, like preparation of financial reports in fast
and accurate manner. With gathered and researched information, computers can be used to
predict future trends of business. Timely and accurate information to business managers
will give them better decisions as where they would direct their business.
K. Manufacturing Industries
 Automobiles and other vehicles are manufactured using computer-aided machineries and
robots; This is called Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM). CAM is a programming tool
that helps produce better products faster and cheaper with precision and accuracy.
 Computers in manufacturing also manage raw materials, suppliers, cost and inventory.
 Computers in industry are also used to design new and better machines, test them in
computer before they are manufactured.
 Some industries are fully automated, meaning all the processes are being done by robots
under computer control such as in car manufacturing, book publishing and in some
electronic fabrication. This is called Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM).
L. Banking
 Almost all of our financial transactions are done by computer software. They provide ease,
security, speed and convenience. Banks usually provide remote services to their clients by
installing Automated teller machines (ATM) controlled by a network computer, which
dispenses cash and clients’ information.
 Banks use computers so that people can get and deposit money any time of the day. They
also use computers to record customers’ account information. Computers help banks do
business away from their location, example of which is the ATM.
M. Mathematics
 Computerized calculations in the creation of buildings, machines, bridges, airplane and
radio communications.
 Solve differential equations and advance numerical algorithms to solve the equation on
high performance computers.
 Software can help simulate data and demonstrate it using statistical graphs, like a bar chart,
table or diagram mode.
N. Engineering and Architecture
 Architects design houses, buildings and bridges using Computer Aided Design (CAD)
programs which is a lot faster and presentable.
 Civil Engineers use computers to calculate the strength of footing and foundations of
building.
 Electrical Engineers design and determine electrical power requirements of buildings
and houses.
 Mechanical Engineers use computers in their work to design and build machineries and
vehicle such as cars, boats and airplanes with better aesthetics, accuracy and safety.
O. Agriculture
 Computers are used in researched, monitoring to improve agriculture, crop, and animal
production, care and management
 Computers are also used in food processing and packaging.
P. Writing and Publishing
 Books, magazines, newspaper, music and videos are important products to share. Current
information, inspiring and creative stories, great compositions, entertaining movies,
educational books, and a lot more are all products of publishing.
 Print publishing such as books, newspapers, and magazines are designed and prepared
using powerful desktop computers using drawing, photo editing and lay out programs.
 Videos are edited in powerful and faster computers since videos have higher memory
requirements. Video editing programs together with other programs used in print
publishing maybe employed together to craft and finish a movie.
 Books are shared online by their creators and can be downloaded for free or for a fee.
 Read news using online newspapers, read books using ebooks, research for materials and
journals online.
Q. Government Service
 Computers in government offices are used by Bureau of Internal Revenue (BIR) to compute
taxes or real properties such as homes and buildings.
 The city government uses computers to render service to its citizen; for example, the traffic
lights are controlled by computers to lessen congestion of vehicles.
 The National Statistics Office (NSO) uses computers to record the births, marriages, and
deaths of the country’s citizen. It is lasso used to record other valuable information.
 The Department of Foreign affairs records all citizen travelling abroad. DFA issues
computer-generated passports, the latest passports have bar code included for faster
information retrieval and monitoring.
R. Military Applications
 Computers are used to guide weapon system from any source and pinpoint target with
precision and accuracy.
 Computers on board mechanical vehicles are used to locate and diffuse bombs.
 Computers control unmanned airplanes, or drones to locate enemy locations, and deliver
firepower when necessary.
 Computers use software embedded in may modern weapons to ensure accuracy and
precision. Computers also process valuable information or intelligence especially
impending terrorist attacks.
S. Weather Analysis
 There are supercomputers used to analyze and predict the weather of the day. Data
gathered from weather satellites will be calculated by these computers to give the wind
direction, wind velocity, volume of rainfall, and other important weather information.
T. Space Exploration
 The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) in the USA uses
computers in spacecraft to explore planets and other heavenly bodies.
 Computers likewise used in Earth control stations for the spacecraft and satellite on
mission.
 Computers are also used on satellites and control stations to monitor weather, transmit
voice and data, and other application around the world.
 Computers on board spacecraft are equipped with camera, video and the other sensors
that send vitals data back to earth.
U. Aeronautics
 Pilots are trained using software which simulates flying. Flight simulations are safe and
cost-effective means of training future pilots without the risk of a real airplane crash.
They employ software to enhance both visual and mechanical reflexes to new and even
seasoned pilot.