1. Explain the three managerial levels.

There are 3 managerial levels which consist of first-line managers, middle managers,
and top-level managers. For the first-line managers, they manage the work of non-managerial
employees. First-line managers carry titles such as production supervisor, line manager,
section chief, or account manager. The primary objective of first-line managers is to ensure
that the products or services of their organization are delivered to customers on a day-to-day
basis. The most important skills for first-line managers is a technical skill.
Secondly, middle managers manage the work of first-line managers. They carry titles
such as department head, product manager, or marketing manager. Middle managers perform
as linkages between top managers and related overall strategy and the first-line managers.
Middle managers involved in planning and allocating resources, coordinating interdependent
groups, and managing group performance. Human skills are the most important for the
middle managers because they must coordinate the efforts of members of one’s work group
as well as coordinate with other work groups within the organization.
Thirdly, top-level managers are responsible for making organization-wide decisions
and establishing plans and goals that affect the entire organization. They carry titles such as
executive officer (CEO), president, chief operations officer, chief financial officer (CFO),
chief information officer, and executive vice president. Top-level managers must set the
strategic direction of the organization considering the organizational resources, assets, and
skills and the opportunities and threats that were found in monitoring the external movement.
Top-level managers need to have a strong conceptual skill if they are to effectively
accomplish these skills.
2. Define management and explain the four basic management processes.
Management is a process of administering and coordinating the resources of the
organization effectively in order to achieve company’s goals and objectives.
One of the four basic management processes is planning. Planning includes setting
goals and defining the action necessary to achieve the organization’s goals. This is to take
advantage of opportunities and to solve problems.
Secondly, basic management process is organizing. Organizing involves determining
the tasks to be done, who will do them, and how those tasks will be managed and
coordinated. It includes defining and assigning authority and responsibility to enable tasks to
be carried out effectively the organization.
Thirdly, leading is one of the basic management processes. Managers must be capable
of leading the employee of the workplace toward accomplishing the organization’s goals.
Managers must understand the dynamics of the individual and group behavior, be able to
motivate their employees, and be effective communicators.
The last for basic management processes is controlling. Controlling includes
establishing and understanding what is required to achieve goals, measuring what happened
or is being done, identifying deviations between planned and actual results, and taking
corrective action if there is deviation.