NSCP 6101-15 Chapter 5 STRUCTURAL STEEL NATIONAL STRUCTURAL CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES VOLUME | BUILDINGS, TOWERS AND OTHER VERTICAL STRUCTURES SEVENTH EDITION, 2015 Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines, Inc. Suite 713, Future Point Plaza Condominium 1 112 Panay Avenue, Quezon City, Philippines 1100 Tel. No. : (+632) 410-0483 Fax No, : (+632) 411-8606 Email: ssepooline@amail.cam Website:http;//www.aseponline.org National Structural Code of the Philippines Volume |, 7h Edition, 2015CHAPTER 5: Table of Contents SOLL Scope. 501.2 Referenced Specifications, Coes and Standards... S013 Matetial osessunsnononsnnsonen 501.4 Structural Design Drawings and Specifications. SECTION $02 - DESIGN REQUIREMENTS .esrsesn 502.1 General Provisions. a $802.2 Loads and Load Combinations 502.3. Design Basi... 502.4 Classification of Sections for Local Buckling... 5025 Fabrication, Erection and Quality Control 502.6 Evaluation of Existing Structure... SKCTION $03 - STABILITY ANALYSIS AND DESIGN ..... 503.1 Stability Design Requiremews. 503.2 Calculation of Required Strengths. SECTION 504 - DESIGN OF MEMBERS FOR TENSION 5304.1 Slendemness Limitations: 304.2 Tensile Strength 504.3. Arca Determination, 504.4 Built-up Members. $04.5 Pin-Connected Mem! 504.6 Eyebars. SECTION $05 - DESIGN OF MEMBERS FOR COMPRESSION. -20srnsnsnonnsnesonnsnsnn 505.1 General PrOvISIONS eon 505.2 Slenderness Limitations and Effective Leng ' 505.3 Compressive Strength for Flexural Buckling of Members Without Slender Flements 505.4 Compressive Strength for Torsional and Flexural-Torsional Buckling of Members without Slender Elements 30S.$ Single Angle Compression Members. s 7 i meen 536 305.6 Built-up Members 557 505.7 Members with Slender Elements. 5-59 SECTION 506 - DESIGN OF MEMBERS FOR FLEXURE. 506.1 General Provisions. 5306.2 Doubly Symmetric Compact I-Shaped Members and Channels Bent about their Major Axis 5063 Doubly Symmetric Shaped Members with Comet Webs and Novsotpct or Slender Fangs Bent Major Axis. 506.4. Other I-Shaped Members with Compact or Noncompact Webs Bent about their Major Axis 506.5 Doubly Symmetric and Singly Symmetric I-Shaped Membars with Slender Webs Bent about their Major Axis 306.6 I-Shaped Members and Channels Bent about their anes 506.7 Square and Rectangular HSS and Box-shaped Memt 306.8 Round HSS. 506.9 Tess and Double Angles Loaded in the Plane of Symmetry snare 62 tion of St ral Engineers of the Philippines, Ing. (ASEP)52 CHAPTERS ~ Struciura 506.10 Single Angles... 5306.11 Rectangular Bars and Rounds 506.12 Uinsymmetrical Shapes, '506.13 Proportions of Beams and Girders SECTION 507 - DESIGN OF MEMBERS FOR SHEAR.. 507.1 General Provisions 5072 Members with Unatiffened oF Stffened Webs... 5073. Tension Field Action 507.4 Single Angles uw 507.3. Rectangular HSS and Box Members 507.6 Round HSS... 5077 Wesk Axis Shear in Singly and Doubly Syrometric Sapa i 507.8 Beams and Girders with Web Openings. SECTION 508 - DESIGN OF MEMBERS FOR COMBINED FORCES AND TORSION... 508.1 Doubly and Singly Syrametcic Menibers Subject to Flexure and Axial Force 308.2 Unsyaimeiric and other Members Subject to Flexure and Axial Force. 508.3 Members under Torsion and Combined Torsion, Flexure, Shear and/or Axil Force SECTION 509 - DESIGN OF COMPOSITE MEMBERS... 09,1 General Provisions... 509.2 Axial Members. 509.3 Flexural Members. 1509.4. Flexural Strength of Concrete-Encased and Filled Members... 509.5 Combined Axial Force and Flexure...n. se 509.6 Special Cases. SECTION $10 - DESIGN OF CONNECTIONS. 510.1 General Provisions . 5102 Welds $10.3 Bolts and Threaded Pans. S104 Affected Elements of Members and Connssting Elements S10. Fillers. 5106 Splices 510.7 Bearing Strength... 510.8 Column Bases and Bearing on Concrete 510.9 Anchor Rods and Embedments 510.10 Flanges and Webs with Concentrated Fores. SECTION 511 - DESIGN OF HSS AND BOX MEMBER CONNECTIONS. S111 Concentrated Forees on HSS. 511.2 HSS-to-HSS Truss Connections... 511.3 HSS-4o-HSS Moment Connections. SECTION $12 - DESIGN FOR SERVICEABILITY.... 512.1 General Provisions: $12.2 Camber: 5123. Defleetions 512.4 Drift . 512.5 Vibration... 512.6 Wind-Induced Motion... $12.7 Expansion aud Contraction. 512.8 Connection Slip. Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines, Inc. (ASEP)CHAPTERS - Structural Steel 5:3 SECTION 513 - FABRICATION, ERECTION AND QUALITY CONTROL... 5131 Sho and Breton Drawings. $13.2 Fabrication nnn $133 Shop Painting. SIA. Erection nnn S135 Quality Conic APPENDIX A - INELASTIC ANALYSIS AND DESIGN. Ack General Provisions... AL2. Materials. soo A-13 Moment Redistribution AcLA Local Buckling... ACLS. Stability and Second-Order Effects A-L6 Colunins and Other Compression Members A-L.7 Beams and Other Flexural Members, ACLS) Members under Combined Forces. A-L9- Connections APPENDIX A-2 - DESIGN FOR PONDING... A-2.1 Simplified Design for Ponding... ‘422 Improved Design far Ponding APPENDIX A-3 - DESIGN FOR FATIGUE... A331 General Provisions... A-32. Calculation of Maximum Steesses and Stress Range. A-33_ Design Stress Range... js Ac34 Bolts and Threaded Parts... A-3S_ Special Fabrication and Erection Requirements APPENDIX A-4 - STRUCTURAL DESIGN FOR FIRE CONDITIONS -e-ssscnnsnnnins BAL General Provisions... AA2 Structural Design for Fire Con: A-A3_ Design by Quabifeation Testing APPENDIX A-5 - EVALUATION OF EXISTING STRUCTURES... ASL General Provisions. A-5.2. Material Properties... . ‘A-S3. Evaluation by Structural Analysis. AS Evaluation by Load Tess. 5.5 Evaluation Repor.. APPENDIX A-6 - STABILITY BRACING FOR COLUMNS AND BEAMS. A-6.1 General Provisions. 62. Columns. A-63. Beams... APPENDIX A-7 - DIRECT ANALYSIS METHOD .... ACTA General Requirements, A-72 Notional Loads... ? A-73.Design-Analysis Constraints... National Structural Code of the Philippines Volume |, 7th Edon, 2015PART 2A - SEISMIC PROVISION FOR STRUCTURAL STEEL BUILDINGS. SYMBOLS. PART 2B. SECTION $14 -STRUCTURAL STEEL BUILDING PROVISIONS ... S14. Scope... ‘SECTION 515 - REFERENCED SPECIFICATIONS, CODES, AND STANDARDS... SECTION 16 - GENERAL SEISMIC DESIGN REQUIREMENTS 0s SECTION 517 - LOADS, LOAD COMBINATIONS, AND NOMINAL STRENGTHS. 517.1 Loads and Load Combinations. 517.2 Nominal Strength fi SECTION S18 - STRUCTURAL DESIGN DRAWINGS AND SPECIFICATIONS, SHOP DRAWINGS, AND ERECTION DRAWINGS... . 518.1 Sita Design Drawings and Specifications 5182 Shop Drawings... 5183 Erection Drawings... SECTION 519 - MATERIALS. 519.1 Material Specifications... . 519.2 Material Propenies for Determination of Regued Seng ‘of Members and Connections. 519.3 Heavy Section CVN Requirements.. SECTION 520 - CONNECTIONS, JOINTS, AND FASTENERS 520.1 Scope eu 520.2 Bolted Joints 5203 Welded Joints 5204 Protected Zone... 520.5 Continuity Plates and Stfeners SECTION $21 - MEMBERS... S21 SeOpE renee ssa 521.2 Classification of Sections for Local Buckling 521.3 Column Strengtts " 521.4 Column Splices 521. Column Bases. 521.6 HePiles. SECTION A.- MOMENT FRAME SYSTEMS... SECTION A3 - SPECTAL MOMENT FRAMES (SMP) sn S221 Scope. 522.2 Beam-to-Columa Connections. 522.3 Panel Zone of Bean-to-Coluunn Connections 522.4 Beam and Column Limitations. $22. Continuity Plates 522.6 Column-Beam Moment Ratio 522.7 Lateral racing at Beam-(o-Column Convection 522.8 Lateral Bracing of Beams.. 522.9 Column Splices.. Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines, inc. (ASEP)5.5 CHAPTER 6 ~ Structural Stee! 528.9 Protected Zone. seni 1528.10 Demand Critical Weld SECTION B.4- BUCKLING-RESTRAINED BRACED FRAMES (BRBF).... 529.1 Scope. 529.2 Bracing Members: 529.3. Bracing Connections 529.4 Special Requirements 529.5 Beams and Columns. 529.6 Protected Zone, SECTION B.S - SPECIAL PLATE SHEAR WALLS (SPSW).o0, 530.1, Seope. 530.2 Webs. : 5303 Connections of Webs to Boundary Elements. 530.4 Horizontal and Vertical Boundary Elements... SECTION C. - COMPOSITE MOMENT-FRAME SYSTEMS SECTION C.1 - COMPOSITE ORDINARY BRACED FRAMES (C-OBF)ssesnsnnmn SECTION C.2- COMPOSITE SPECIAL CONCENTRICALLY BRACED FRAMES (C-SCBF). SECTION C.3 - COMPOSITE ECCENTRICALLY BRACED FRAMES (C-EBF). SECTION C4 - COMPOSITE ORDINARY SHEAR WALLS (C-OSW) ss SECTION C5 - COMPOSITE SPECIAL SHEAR WALLS (C-SSW). SECTION C.6- COMPOSITE PLATE SHEAR WALLS (C-PSW) os SECTION §31 - QUALITY ASSURANCE PLAN. S311 Scopes B-1. PREQUALIFICATION OF BEAM-COLUMN AND LINK-T0-COLUMN CONNECTIONS BALL So0pe sme i B-L.2 General Requitements.. B-1.3. Testing Requirements. B-L4 Prequalification Variables. B-S Design Procedure ...1. B-1.6 Prequzlification Record, B2, QUALITY ASSURANCE PLAN mn BI B-2.2_Inspeotion and Nondestructive Testing Personnel B-2.3. Contractor Documents... e B-2.4 Quality Assurance Agency Documents B-2.5. Inspection Points and Frequencies B.3. SEISMIC DESIGN COEFFICIENTS AND APPROXIMATE PERIOD PARAMETERS ww B31 Scope. B32 Symbols. B-4, QUALIFYING CYCLIC TESTS OF BEAM-TO-COLUMN AND LINK-TO-COLUMN CONNECTIONS..5-200 BAI Scope... ss 5-200 B42 Symbols “5-200 B-4.3 Definitions. 5-200 B44 Test Subsssemblage Requirements 5-200 B45. Essential Test Variables sr 5.201 B-d.6 Loading History. 5-202 ‘Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines, Ine, (ASEP)CHAPTERS ~ Structural Steel ey B-47 Instrumentation B48 Matesials Testing Requirements. B49 Test Reporting Requremens... Be4.10 Acceptance Criteria B-S. QUALIFYING CYCLIC TESTS OF BUCKLING-RESTRAINED BRACES., B-S.1 Scope. B-5.2 Symbols... B53 Definitions... B54 Subassemblaye Test Specimen B.S.5 Brace Test Specimen. B-5.6 Loading History B.5.7_ Instrumentation .. B58 Materials Testing B-5.9 Test Reporting Requirement... B-5.10 Acceptance Criteria. B.6, WELDING PROVISIONS. B41 Scope. B62 Structural Desien Drawings an Spree Shop Drawit sand Erection Drawings B63. Personnel... B64 Nondestructive Testing Procodutes. om. B-6.5 Additional Welding Provisions... B-6.6 Additional Welding Provisions for Demand Critical Welds Only... B-7 WELD METAL/WELDING PROCEDURE SPECIFICATION NOTCH TOUGHNESS VERIFICATION TEST... BTL Seope.... 2 Test Conditions. 3. Test Specimens... BATA Acceptance Criteria, SECTION $32 - SCOPE xn SECTION §33 - REFERENCED SPECIFICATIONS, CODES, AND STANDARDS SECTION §34 - GENERAL SEISMIC DESIGN REQUIREMENTS. SECTION 535 - LOADS, LOAD COMBINATIONS, AND NOMINAL STRENGTHS veononssoun 535.1 Loads and Lead Combinations, 535.2. Nominal Strength... SECTION 536 - MATERIALS. 536.1. Strvctural Steel 5362. Conerete and Steel Reinforcemet SECTION §37 - COMPOSITE MEMBERS... S371 Scope: 537.2 Composite Floot and Roof Slabs 537.3 Composite Beams 5374 Encased Composite Columns 5375 Filled Composite Columns SECTION 538 - COMPOSITE CONNECTIONS sn SIRT SORE. ror 538.2 General Requirements National Structural Code of the Phiippines Volume |, 7th Eidtion, 2015-8 CHAPTER 5 ~ Structural & 538.3 Nominal Strength of Connections... SECTION. 539- COMPOSITE PARTIALLY RESTRAINED (PR) MOMENT FRAMES (C-PRME).. 539.1 Scope... 539.2 COMMS vrei 539.3 Composite Beams... : $39.4 Moment Connections SECTION $40 - COMPOSITE SPECIAL MOMENT FRAMES (C-SMF). 540.1 Scope. 340.2. Columns 3403 Beams 540.4 Moment Connections 540.5 Column-Beam Moment Ratio. SECTION S41 - COMPOSITE INTERMEDIATE MOMENT FRAMES (C-IMB) «raenncncos S411 Scope. 541.2 Columns. 541.3 Beams. sv S414 Moment Connections SECTION 542 - COMPOSITE ORDINARY MOMENT FRAMES (C-OMF) sewsoosnonsnnnnnnn 542.1 Scope... 542.2 Columns 542.3 Beats. 542.4 Moment Connections. ‘SECTION 543 - COMPOSITE SPECIAL CONCENTRICALLY BRACED FRAMES (con. nares DBE 543.1 543.2 543.3 5434 543.5. Connections _— SECTION 544 - COMPOSITE ORDINARY BRACED FRAMES (C-OBF).. 544.3 Scope... $44.2. Columns $443. Beams... 544.4 Braces... 544.5 Connections, 7 SECTION $45 - COMPOSITE ECCENTRICALLY BRACED FRAMES. a EBP). 545.1 Scope nn. $45.2. Columns... 545.3 545.4 545.5 SECTION $46 - ORDINARY REINFORCED CONCRETE SHEAR WALLS COMPOSITE WITH STRUCTURAL STEEL ELEMENTS (C-ORCW)... 7 S224 546.1 S224 546.2 Boundary Members... 5-224 546.3 Steel Coupling Beams... S225 S464 Encased Composite Coupling Beams S225 Association of Structural Engineers ofthe Philippines, Ine. (ASEP)CHAPTER 5 Structural Stet 5.9 SECTION $47 - SPECIAL REINFORCED CONCRETE SHEAR WALLS COMPOSITE WITH STRUCTURAL STEEL ELEMENTS (C-SRCW).. 547.1 Scope. 5472 Boundary Members... 547.3 Steel Coupling Beams, 547.4 Encased Composite Coupling Beams SECTION 548 - COMPOSITE STEEL PLATE SHEAR WALLS (C-SPW) 548.1 Scope. 548.2 Wall Elements. 548.3 Boundary Members Sd84 Openings SECTION 549 - STRUCTURAL DESIGN DRAWINGS AND. SPECIFICATIONS, SHOP DRAWINGS, AND ERECTION DRAWING: vs SECTION 580 - QUALITY ASSURANCE PLAN... vs PART 3 - DESIGN OF COLD-FORMED STEEL STRUCTURAL MEMBERS. SYMBOLS... SECTION 551 - GENERAL PROVISIONS.s0s 551.1 Scope, Applicability and Definitions 551.2 Material. 351.3 Loads. 551.4 Allowable Strength Design... 551.5 Load and Resistonce Factor Design... 551.7 Yield Siress and Strength Increase from Cold Work of Forming $81.8. Serviceability won . 551.9 Referenced Documents SECTION $52 - ELEMENTS. 552.1 Dimensional Limits and Considerations 552.2 Effective Widths of Stiffened Elements 552.3 Effective Widths of Unstiffened Elements... 552.4. Effective Width of Uniformly Compressed Elements with a Simple Lip Bdge Stiffener. 522.5 Effective Widths of Stiffened Elements with Single or Multiple Intermediate Stiffeners or Ege Suiffened lements ‘with Intermediate Stiffener(s) : SECTION 553 - MEMBERS. 553.1 Properties of Sections, 553.2. Tension Members. 553.3 Flexural Members $534 Concentriolly Loaded Compression Members 552.5 Combined Axial Load and Bending... SECTION 554 - STRUCTURAL ASSEMBLIESAND SYSTEM! 554.1 Buill-Up Sections. 5542 Mixed Systems. 543 Lateral and Stability Bracing 5844 Cold-Formed Steet Light-Frame Construction... 554.5 Floor, Roof, or Wall Steel Diaphragm Construction... 554.6 Metal Roof and Wall System National Structural Code of the Philppines Volume |, 7th Edion, 2016540 CHAPTERS - Structural Steel SECTION 585 - CONNECTIONS AND JOINTS. 585.1 General Provisions 555.2. Welded Connections. 555.3 Bolted Connection. 5554 Screw Connections, $55.5 Rupture. =i 4555.8 Connecting to Other Materials SECTION $86 - TESTS FOR SPECIAL CASES $56.1 ‘Tests for Determining Structural Porformanes... 556.2. Tests for Confirming Structural Performance. 556.3. ‘Tests for Determining Mechanical Properties... SECTION $87 - DESIGN OF COLD-FORMED STEEL STRUCTURAL MEMBERS AND CONNECTIONS FOR CYCLIC LOADING (FATIGUE) : erm 308 587.1 General 5-308 3572. Caleulation of Meximuin Siceses and Suess Ranges. 5310 557.3 Design Stress Range.... 310 557A Bolts and Threaded Parts 5-310 ‘557.5. Spocial Fabrication Requirements. S31 SECTION C-1 - DESIGN OF COLD-FORMED STEEL STRUCTURAL MEMBERS USING THE DIRECT 7 S311 STRENGTH METHOD wr orernsnwos x1 Design of Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members Using the Direct Strength Method. SECTION C-2 - SECOND-ORDER ANALYSIS. C21 General Requirements 22. Design and Analysis Constraints SECTION C3 - ADDITIONAL PROVISIONS C31 Scope... C32 Other Steels... €33 Loads. C34 Referenced Documents. C35 Tension Members. C36. Light-Frume Stoel Constructo: C37 Welded Connections...» C38 Bolted Connections C39 Raptte on ‘Association of Structural Engineers of the Phiipines, Inc. (ASEP)"This Chapter includes the following: Part 1 Specification for Steel Members Part 2A, for Structural Stee! Buildings Appendix B Part2B Seismic Provisions for Composite Structural Stee! ‘and Reinforced Concrete Buildings Past’ Specifications for Design of Cold-Formed Stee! Structural Members Appendix © CHAPTER § ~ Structural Steel 6-11 PART 1 i SPECIFICATION FOR STEEL MEMBERS SYMBOLS A = Column cross-sectional area, nm? Total cross-sectional area of member, mm Ag = Loaded area of concrete, mm” Ape = Crose-soctional area of the base metal, stn ‘Ay = Nominal unthreaded body area of bolt or ‘threaded part, mm’ Ap, ~ Cross-Sectional area of the overlapping ‘branch, mm? Any = Crossssectionsl area of the overlapped ‘branch, mm? Az = Area of concrete, mm” A, = Area of concrete slab within effective swith, im? Ay = Atea of an upset rod based on the major ‘thread diameter, mm Ae Effective net area, mm? = Summation of the effective areas of the ross section based on the reduced effective width, by, mm" Area of compression flange, min Gross tension Mange area, mn? Net tension lange area, mm? Area of tension flange, nim? Gross area of member, mm? Gross azca of section based on design wall thickness, mm? ‘Gross area of composite member, mm? ‘Chord grose area, nmi? ‘Gross area subject to shear, mm Net area of member, mi? [Net area subject o tension, mm? [Not area subject to shea, mm* Projected bearing area, mm” Aree of adequately developed longitudinal reinforcing stcel within the effective width ‘of the concrete slab, mm? A, = Areaof steel cross section, ma Ag. = Cross-sectional area of stad shear connector, mm? . Agg = Sheer area on the failure path, mm? Ag = Area of continuous reinforcing bars, a ‘A., 7 Stiffener area, mm? Ay = Nettonsile ares, mm? "National Structural Code of the Philippines Volume |, 7h Editon, 201552 CHAPT! Web area, the overall dept times the web thiekness, dy, mm” Btfeetive area ofthe weld, mm? Effective area of weld throat of any ith ‘weld clement, mm? Area of steel concenteicslly bearing on & cconerete support, mn? Maximum area’ of the postion of the supporting surfoce that is geometricelly similar fo. and concentric with the loaded tea, mm Overall width of rectangular hollow séruetural sections (FSS) member, measured 90° to the plane of the connection, min Overall width of rectangular HSS main ‘ember, measured 90° t0 the plane of the connection, mum Factor for lateraltorsional. buckling. in tees andl double angles Overall width of rectangular HSS branch member, measured 90° to the plane of the. connection, mm Overall branch width of the overlapping ‘branch, mam Overall branch width of the overtapped branch, rom ‘Width of plate, transverse to the axis of the main member, ram Width of plate, measure 90° to the plane ‘of conneation, tam Factors used in determining My for combined trending and axial forces when firstorder analysis is employed HSS torsional constant Lateral-torsional buckling modification factor for non-uniform moment diagrams ‘when both ends of the unsupported segment are braced. Coefficient relating relative broce ‘and curvature Constant based on stress category, given in Table 5013.1 Coefficient assuming no lateral translation ofthe frame Ponding flexibility coefficient for primary member in a flat roof Coefficient for web sidesway buckling Ponding flexibility coefficient for secondary member in a flat roof Web shear coefficient ‘Warping constant, mm? ‘Nominal dead load Outside diameter of round HSS member, om ness vod Dy Outside diameter, mm Outside diameter of round HSS main member, mn Chord diameter, mm Outside diameter of round HSS branch ‘member, mim Factor used in Fa. $07.33, dependent on the type of transverse stiffeners used in a plate gieder In slip-critical connections, a multiplier that reflects the ratio of the mean installed bolt pretension co the specified minimum bolt prefension Modulus of elasticity of steel 200,000 MPa Modulus of elasticity of concrete Modulus of elasticity of concrete at elevated temperature, MPa Entestivesifness of composite section, N- mm Modulus of elasticity of steel at elevated temperature, MPa Available axial stress at the point of consideration, MPa Nominal strength of the base metal per unit area, MPa Available flexural stress at the point of consideration about the major axis, MPa ‘Available flexural stress. at the point of consideration about the minor axis. MP3 Available stress, MP2 Critical stress, MPa Buckling stress for the section as, determined by analysis, MPa Critical stress about the miner axis, MPa Critical torsional buckling stress, MPa Elastic eitieal buckling stress, MPa Elastic flexural buckling stress about the major axis, MPa Electrode classification number, MPa Elastic flexural buckling stress. about the minor axis, MPa Elastic torsional buckling stress, MPa A caleulated stress used in the caloula ‘of nominal flexural strength, MPa ‘Nominal torsional strength Nominal tensile stress Fy, or shear stress, Fy» from Table $10.3.2, MPa [Nominal tensile stress from Table 5103.2, MPa Nominal tensile siess modified to include the effects of shearing stress, MP3 Nominal shear stress fiom Table 510.3.2, MPa Design stress range, MPa Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines, Inc. (ASEP)Threshold fatigue stess range, maximum stcess range for indefinite design life feom Table A-3.1, MPa Specified minimum tensile strength of the type of steel being used, MPa Specified minimum tensile strength of sind shear connector, MPa Specified minimum tensile strength of the ‘connected material, MPa Specified minimurn tensile strength of HSS material, MPa Specified minimum tensite strength of the type of steel being used at elevated temperature, MPa Nominal stiengtir of the weld metal per unit area, MPa Nominal stress in any &th weld clement, MPa £ component of stress Fyy, MPa ¥ component of stress Fy, MPa Specified minimum yield stress of the type of steel being used, MPa, As used in this, Specification, “yield stress” denotes either the specified minimum yield point (for those steels that have a yield point) or specified yield strength (for those steels that do not have yield point) Specified minimim yield stress of the compression ‘lange, MPa Specified minimum yield stress of the colurnn web, MPa Specified minimum yield stress of HSS ‘member material, MP2 Specified minimum yield stess of HSS ‘main member material, MPa Specified minimum yield stress of HSS branch member material, MPa Specified minimum yield stress of the overlapping branch material, MPa Specified minimum yield stress of the ‘overlapped branch material, MPa Specitied minimum yield stress of the ‘lange, MPa ‘Specified minimum yield stress of the type ‘of stee! being used ai elevated temperature, MPa Specified minimum yield stress of plate, MPs Specified minimum yield stess of reinforcing bars, MPa Specified minimum yield stress of the stiffener material, MPs Specified minimum yield stress of the web, MPa =H L L L L Shear modulus of elasticity of steel 77,200 MPa Story shear produced by the lateral forces used to compute Ay, N Overall height of rectangular HSS mentber, measured in the plane of the conne: om ‘Overall height of rectangular HSS_main member, measured in the plane of the ‘connection, mm Flexural constant Overall height of rectangular HSS branch ‘member, measured in the plane of the connestion, mm Overall depth ofthe overlapping branch Moment of inenta in the place of bending, Moment of inertia shout the axis of bending, mm* ‘Moment of inetia of the concrete section, mm Moment of inertia of the steel deck supported on secondary members, mm’ Moment of inenia of primary members, Moment of incrtia of secondary members, “Moment of inertia of steel shape, mm* Moment of inertis ofreinforeing bars, mn* ‘Moment of inertia about the principal axes, mom Out-of- plane moment of inertia, mm* Mtuor principal axis moment of inertia, ‘Moment of inertia about y-axis referred to the compression flange, or if reverse curvature bending referred to smaller ‘lange, mm" Torsional constant, mm’ Effective length factor determined in accordance with Section 503 Effective length factor for torsional buckling Bffeetive length factor in the plane of bending, calculated based onthe assumption of no lateral translation set equal {0 1.0 unless analysis indicates that 2 smaller value may be used Effective length factor in the plane of bending, caloutsted based on a sidesway buckling analysis Story height, mm Length of the member, rim Actual length of end-loaded weld, mim Nominal occupancy live load National Structural Code of the Philipines Volume &, 74 Edtion, 20155:14 CHAPTER § ~ Structural Steot Laterally unbraced length of a member, rom Span tength, mn Length of member between work points at truss chord centerlincs, mm Length between poins that are either braced against literal displacement of compression flange oF based against twist ‘of the cross section, mm Distance between braces, mn ‘Length of channel shear connector, mam Clear distance, inthe ditestion of the force, ‘between the edge of the hole and the edge of the adjacent hole or edge ofthe material, mm Total effective weld length of groove and fillet welds to rectangular HSS, mm Limiting laterally unbraced length for the limit state of yielding, mm Colurnn spacing indirection of gtder, m Limiting taterally unbraced length for plastic analysis, mm Meximum unbraced length for My (the sequired flexural strength), mm Linmiting laterally unbraced length for the fimit state of inelastic lateral-torsional ‘buckling, mm ‘Column spacing perpendicular to direction of girder, m Distance’ from meximum to ze shear force, mm ‘Absolute value of moment at quarter point fof the unbeaced segment, N-mm Required flexural strength in chord, using [ASD load combinations, Nem ‘Absolute value of moment at centerline of the unbraced segment, Nemm Required bracing moment, N-mm ‘Absolute value of moment at three-quarter point ofthe unbraced segment, N-mm ‘Available flexural strength determined in accordance with Seetion 506, N-nm Available flexurabtorsional strength for strong axis flexure determined in accortanes with Section 506, Nemm Elostic lateraltorsional buckling moment, N-mm First-order moment under LRFD or ASD load combinations caused! by lateral translation of the frame only, Nem ‘Absolute value of maximum moment in the ‘unbraced segment, N-mom ‘Nominal flexural strength, N-mm Firstorder moment using LRFD or ASD load combinations assuming there is no lateral translation ofthe frame, Nemm Plastic bending moment, N-ram Required second-order flexural strength ‘under LRFD or ASD load combinations, Nem Required flexural strength using LRED or ‘ASD foad combinations, N-mm Required flexural srength in chord, N-mm Required in-plane flexural strength in branch, N-mim Required out-of-plane flexural strength in branch, N-mm Required flexural strength in chord using RFD load combinations, N-mm Yield moment about the axis of bending, Nem Smaller moment, calculated from a first- order analysis, atthe ends of that portion of ‘the rember unbraced in the plane of bending under consideration, N-mm Larger moment, calculated from 9 first- ‘order analysis, atthe ends ofthat portion of the member ‘unbraced in the plane of bending under consideration, N-mm Length of bearing (not less than Ke for end ‘beam reactions), mm Bearing length of the load, measured parallel tothe axis of the HSS member, (or measured across the width of the HSS in ‘the case of the loaded cap plates), ram Number of stress range Auetuations in design life Number of bolts carrying the applied tension Additional lateral load ‘Notional lateral load applied at level é, N ‘Number of sip planes Overlap connection coefficient Pitch per thread, mam Required brace strength, N ‘Available axial compressive strength, N Available tensile strength, N ‘Available compressive strength out of the plane of bending, N Elastic eritcal buckling lord for braced and ‘nbraced frame, respectively, N Euler buckling load, evaluated in the plane of bending, N First-order axial force using LRFD or ASD. load combinations as a result of lateral translation of the frame only (tension oF compression), N ‘Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines, Inc, (ASEP)Fitst-order axial force using LRED or ASD load combinations, assuming there is: no Jateral transtation of the frame (tension oF compression), N Nominal axial strength, N Noninal axial compressive strength without consideration of length effects, N "Nominal bearing strength of conerete, N Required second-order axial strength using LRFD or ASD load combinations, N Required axial compressive strength using LRFD or ASD load combinations, N Required strength, N Requited tensile strength using LRFD or ASD [oad combinations, Required axial stcength in branch, N Required axial strength in chord, N Required axial strength in compression, N Member yield strength, N Full reduction factor for ‘compression elements Reduction factor for slender stiffened compression elements Chord-siress interaction parameter Nominal strength of one stud connector, N Reduction factor for slender unstiffened compression elements ‘Nominal load due to rainwater exclusive of he ponding contribution, MPa Seismic response modification coefficient Required strength (ASD) Reduction factor for joints using a pair of transverse fillet welds only Coefficient to account for group effect Factor in Fg. 503.2-66 dependent on type of system Cross-section monosymmetry parameter Nominal strength, specified in Section 502 through S11 ‘Nominal slip resistance, N Position effect factor for shear studs slender shear Web plastification factor Reduction factor for reinforced oF non: reinforced transverse partial-joint- penetration (PJP) groove welds Web plastfication factor corresponding 10 fie tension flange yielding limit state Required strength (LRED) Total nominal. strength of longitudinally loaded fillet welds, as. detecmined in accordance with Table $102.5 CHAPTER §- Stuctural Ste 5.16 Total nominal strength of wansversely loaded fillet welds, as determined in accordance with Table $10.2.5 without the ltemate in Section 510.24 (a) Elastic section modulus of round HSS, mm’ Lowest elastic section modulus relative «9 the axis of bending, mm’ Spacing of secandary members, m Chord elastie seetion modus, mm? Elastic section modulus to the toe in compression relative to the axis of bending, Etfeetive section modutus about major axis, mm Elastic section modulus refersed to tension and compression flanges, respectively, om? Elastic section modulus taken abou! the principal axes, mim? For channels, taken as the minimum section modulus Nominal forees and deformations due to the design-basis fire defined in Section A~ 424 Tension force due ‘combinations, kN Minimum fastener tension given in ‘Table 5103.1, kN Available torsional strength, Nera ‘Nominal torsional strength, Nem Required torsional steength, N-mm Tension force due to LRED load ‘combinations, kN Shear lag factor Utilization ratio Reduction coefficient, used in calculating block shear rupture strength Stress index ‘Stress index Required shear foree introduced te colunn, N Required shear foree transferred by shear connectors, N Available shear strength, N ‘Nominal shear strength, N Required shear strength at the location of the stiffener, N Requited shear strength using LRFD or ASD load combinations, N Gravity load ftom the LRED load combination oF 1.6 times the ASD load combination applied at level &,N Hole reduction coeificient, N to ASD load Nationa! Structural Code of the Philppines Volume |, 7th Ealtion, 2015Firstorder axial force using LRED or ASD. load combinations, assuming there is no lateral translation of the frame (tension or ‘compression), N Nominal axial strength, Nv Nominal axial compressive _ strength without consideration of length effects, N ‘Nominal beating strength of concrete, N Required second-order axial strength using, LRFD or ASD load combinations, N Required axial compressive strength using LRFD or ASD load combinations, N Required strenath, N Required tensile strength using LRFD or ASD load combinations, N Required axial sirength in branch, N Required axial strength in chord, N Required axial siength in cornpression, N Member yield strength, N Full reduction factor for — slender ‘compression elements Reduction factor for slender stiffened ‘compression elements Chord-stress interaction parameter Nominal strength of one stud shear connector, N Reduction factor for slender unstffened compression elements ‘Nominal load due to rainwater exclusive of the ponding contribution, MPa Seismic response modification coefficient Required strength (ASD) Reduction factor for joints using a pair of transverse fillet welds only Coefficient to account for group effect Factor in Eq, 503.2-66 dependent on type of system Cross-section monosymmetry parameter Nominal strength, specified in Section $02 throngh 511 [Nominal slip resistance, N Position effect factor for shear studs Web plastfication factor Reduction factor for reinforced or none reinforced transverse —_partiakjoint- penetration (PIP) groove welds, Web plasttication factor corresponding (© the tension flange yielding limit state Required strength (LRED) Total nominal strength of longitudinally loaded fillet welds, as determined in accordance with Table 510.2.5 on ue ° Sep Sx Sze SeSy ne CHAPTER vuctural ‘Total nominal strength of transversely loaded fillet welds, as determined in accordance with Table 510.2.5 without the alternate in Section $10.24 (a) Elastic section modulus of sound HSS, Lowest elastic section modulus relative to the axis of bending, mm’ Spacing of secondary members, m Chord elastic section modulns, mm? Plastic section modulus to the toe ‘coniprssion relative to the axis of bending, smn Effective, section modulus about major axis, mn" Elastic section modulus referred to tension and, compression flanges, respectively, Elastic section modulus taken about the principal axes, mm’ For channels, taken as. the minimum section modulus Nominal forces and deformations due to the design-basis fie defined in Section A~ 42d ‘Tension fore due to ‘combinations, KN ‘Minimem fastener tension given in Table 5103.1, kN Available torsional strength, N-mm. ‘Norninal torsional strength, Nemn Required torsional strength, N-mm Tension force due to LRFD combinations, KN Shear lag factor Utilization ratio Reduction coefficient, used in calculating block shear rapture strength Stress index Stress index Required shear force introduced to column, N ASD load load Required shear force transferred by shear ‘connectors, N Available shear strength, N [Nominal shear strength, N Required shear strength at the location of te stiffener, N Required shear strength using LRFD or ASD load combinations, N Gravity load from the LRFD_ load combination or 1.6 times the ASD load combination applied at level &, N Hole reduction coefficient, N National Structural Code of the Philippines Volume I, 7h Edition, 2015eos Dep Pets CHAPTER 5 ~ Structural Stee! Plastic section modulus about the axis of bending, mm" Branch plastic section modulus about the correct axis of bending, mm Plastic section modulus about the principal axes, mm Clear distance between stiffeners, mm. Distance between connectors in 2 built-up ‘member, mim Shortest distance from edge of pin hole to ‘edge of member measured parallel to the direction of force, mm Half the length of the non-welded root face in the direction of the thickness of the tension-louded plate, mm Ratio of two times the web area in ‘compression due to application of major js bending moment alone (0 the area of the compression flange components Outside width of leg in compression, mm Full width of longest angle feg, ram ‘Width of unstiffened compression element; for flanges of E-shaped members and tees, the width B is half the fll-lange width, ys for legs of angles and flanges of ‘hannels and zees, the width B is the full nominal dimension; for plates, the width B is the distance from the free edge to the first row of fasteners or line of welds, or the distance between adjacent lines of fasteners or lines of welds; for rectangular HSS, the width B is the lear distance between the webs less the inside comer radius on each side, mm Width of the angle leg resisting the shear foroe, mn Width of column flange, mm Reduced effective width, mm fective edge distance; the distance from the edge of the hole to the edge of the part measured in the direction normal to the applied force, mm Effective width of the branch face welded to the chord, Effective width of the branch face welded to the overlapped brace Flange width, mm Compression flange wid, mn Width of tension flange, mm Longer leg of angle, mm Shorter leg of angle, min oa BAaaaaaaar of Emnte—he fa Fow.2) fe Stiffener width for one-sided stiffeners, mm ‘Nominal fastener diameter, mm Full nominal depth ofthe section, mm Full nominal depth of tee, som Depth of rectangular ba, nm Diameter, mm. Pin diameter, mm Roller diameter, mm Beam depth, mm Nominal diameter (body or diameter), mm ‘Column depth, mn Eccentricity in a truss connection, positive being away from the branches, min Distance from the edge of stud shank to the steel deck web, measured at mid-height of the deck rib, and in the load bearing direction of the stud (in other words, in the direction of maximum moment for a simply supported beam), mm Required axial stress at the point of consideration using LRFD or ASD load combinations, MPa Required flexural stress at the point of consideration (major axis, minor axis) using LRED or ASD load combinations, MPa Specified minimum compressive strength of concrete, MPa Specified minimum compressive strength of concrete at elevate temperatures, MPa Siress due to D + R (the nominal dead load * the nominal load due to rainwater oF snow exchusive of the ponding. contribution), MPa ‘Required shear strenath per unit area, MPa ‘Transverse centerto-center spacing (gage) between fastener gage Fines, mint Gap between toes of branch members in a gapped K-conncetion, neglecting the ‘welds, mm Clear distane between flanges less the fillet or corner radius for rolied shapes; for built-up sections, the distance between adjacent lines of fasteners or the clear distance between flanges when welds ate used; for tees, the overall depth; for rectangular HSS, the clear distance between the flanges fess the inside corner radius on each side, mm Distanee between centroids of individual components perpendicular to the member axis of buckling, mm shank ‘Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines, Inc. (ASEP)FF a ov vs x Tete n Tw Twice the distance from the centroid to the following: the inside face of the ‘compression flange less the fillet or corer radius, for rolled shapes; the nearest line of fasteners at the compression Mange o€ the inside faces of the compression flange ‘when welds are used, for built-up sections, mm Distance between flange centroids, mm ‘Twice the distonce from the paste neutral ais to the nearest line of fasteners at the ‘compression flange or the inside fave of the ‘compression flange when welds are used, mm Hole factor Factor defined by Eq. $07.26 for minimum moment of inertia for 9 transverse stiffener Distance from outer face of flange to the sweb toe of fillet, mim Cuiside comer radius of te HSS, which is permitied to be taken as 1.5t if unknown, Coefficient for slender unstiffened eleinents, mm coefficient Web plate buckling coefficient Largest laterally unbraced length along either flange atthe point of load, mm Length of bearing, mm Length of connection in the direction of loading, eam ‘Number of nodal braced points within the span Threads per men Ratio. of element £ deformation to its deformation at maxinaurn stress Projected length of the overlapping branch fon the chord Overlap tength measured slong the connecting face of the chord beneath the two branches Governing radius of gyration, mm Distance fiom instantaneous center of rotation to weld element with minimum Au/r, ratio, mm Minimum radius of gycation of individual component in a built-up member, mm. Radius of gyration of individual component relative 0 it centroidal axis parallel to rember axis of buckling, mm Polar radius of gyration about the shear ‘center, mm. Radius of gyration of the flange ‘components in flexural compression plus ‘one-third of the web area in compression due 10 application of major axis bending CHAPTERS — Structural Steet S47 ‘moment slone Effective radius of gyration used in the determination of Ly for the Iateral- torsional buckling knit state for major axis bending of doubly symmettic compact - shaped members and channels, Radius of gyration about geometric axis parallel to eommected leg, mm Radius of gyration about y-axis, mm. Radius of gyration for the minor principal Longitudinal center-co-tenter spacing (Piteh) of any two consecutive holes, mm Thiclaess of element, mm. Wall thickness, mm ‘Anale teg thickness, mm ‘Width of rectangular bar parallel to axis of bending, mm Thickness of connected material, am Thickness of plate, mm Design wall thickness for HSS equal to 0.93 times the nominal wall thickness for RW HSS ond equal to the nominal wall thickness for SAW HSS, mm. ‘Total thickness of fillers, mm. Design wall thickness of HSS main ‘member, mm Design wall thickness of HSS branch ‘member, mm “Thickness of the overlapping branch, mm ‘Thickness of the overlapped branch, mm Thickness of the column flange, mim ‘Thickness ofthe loaded ange, mm Flange thickness of channel shear connector, nm ‘Compression flange thickness, mm Thickness of plate, min Thickness of tension loaded plate, mm Thickness of the attached transverse plate, ‘Web stiffener thickness, mm ‘Web thickness of channe! shear connector, om [Beam web thickness, mm Web thickness, mm ‘Column web thickness, mm ‘Thickness of element, mm Width of cover plate, mm ‘Weld leg size, mm Subscript relating symbol to major principal axis bending Plate width, mm National Structural Code of the Philippines Volume I, 7th Eaiion, 2015,Xoo NSH wR AR Bor Bett Beop Bove Bu 4m Aw ructural Steel Leg size of the seinforcing or contouring fillet, if any, in the direction of the thiekness ofthe tension-loaded plate, min ‘Weight of conerete per unit volume Average width of concrete rib or haunch, Sulseript relating symbol to strong axis Coordinates of the shear center with respeot tothe centroid, mm Connection eccentricity, mm. Suibserpt relating symbol to weak axis Subscript relating symbol to minor principal axis bending Factor used in B equation Separation ratio for built-up compression members Reduction factor given by Eq, 510.2-1 Width ratio; the ratio of branch chord diameter for toond HSS; the ratto of ‘overall branch width to chord width for rectangular HSS Brace stiffness requirement excluding web distortion, Nemmviadian Required brave sifness Effective width ratio; the sum of the ‘perimeters of the two branch members in 2 K-connection divided by eight times the chord width Effective outside punching perimeter ‘Web distortional stiffness, including the effect of web transverse stiffeners, if any, ‘Nemm/radian Section property for unequal leg angles, positive for short legs in compression end negative for long legs in compression Firstorder interstory drift due to the design Toads. men Firstorder interstory drift due to. lateral forees, mm Deformation of welded elements at intermediate stress levels, linearly proportioned to. the critical deformation based on distance from the instantaneous, center of rotation, 4, mim Deformation of weld element at manu siress, mm Deformation of welded element a ultimate sess (fracture), usually in element furthest {rom instantaneous center of totation, maa Chord slendemess ratio; the ratio of one half the diameter to the wall thickness for round HSS; the ratio of one-half the width to wall thickness for rectangular HSS Gap ratio, the ratio of the gap between the branches of a gapped K-connection to the t width of the chord for rectangular HSS {Load length parameter, applicable only to rectangular HSS; the ratio of the length of contact ofthe branch with the chon in the plane ofthe connection tothe chord width Slendemess parameter Limiting slendermess parameter for compact element Limiting slendemess parameter for compact Mange Limiting slendemess parameter for compact web Limiting slenderness parameter for noncompact element Limiting slendcmess parameier for non= compact flange Limiting slendemess parameter for non compact web Mean slip coefficient for class A or B. ‘sutfaces, as applicable, or as established by tests Resistance factor, specified in Section 502 through 511 Resistance factor for bearing on conerete Resistance factor for flexure Resistance factor for compression Resistance factor for axially loaded composite columns Resistance factor for shear on the failure path Resistance factor for torsion Resistance factor fr tension Resistance factor for shear Safety factor Safety factor for beaing on conerete Safety factor for flexure Safety factor for compression Safety factor for axially loaded composite columns Safety ctor for shear onthe future path Safety factor for torsion Safety factor for tension Safety factor for shear Minimum reinforcement ratio for Fongitudial reinforcing clement Angle of loading measured from the welded longitudinal axis, degrees Acute angle between the branch and chord, degrees Strain comesponding (compressive stcagth, fi Parameter for reduced flexural stiffness using the direct analysis method Association of Structural Engineers ofthe Philippines, Inc. (ASEP)DEFINITIONS ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION is a building material and systems tha’ are activated by a fire to mitigate adverse effects or (o notify people to take some action mitigate adverse effects ADJUSTED BRACE STRENGTH js the strength of a brace in a buckling-estrained braced frame at deformations corresponding t0 2.0 times the design story rit. ALLOWABLE STRENGTH is the nominal steength divided by tne safety factor, Ry /Q. ALLOWABLE STRESS is the allowable strength divided by the appropriate section property, such as section modulus or cross-section area, AMPLIFICATION FACTOR is the multiplier of the results of first-order analysis to refiect second-order elfects. AMPLIFIED SEISMIC LOAD is the horizontal component of earthquake load E multiplied by %g, where E and the horizontal component of E are specified in the NSCP code. APPLICABLE BUILDING CODE is « Builting Code under which the stmcture is designed (ie NSCP 6" Edition). ASD (ALLOWABLE STRENGTH DESIGN) is a ‘method of proportioning structural components such that the allowable strength equals or exceeds the required strength of the component under the action of the ASD. Toad combinations, ASP LOAD COMBINATION refers to load combination in the NSCP code intended for allowable strength design (allowable stress design) AUTHORITY HAVING JURISDICTION (AHL) is the organization, political subdivision, office or individuel charged with the responsibility of administering and cnforeing the provisions of tis standard. AVAILABLE STRENGTH is the design strength or allowable strength, as appropriate AVAILABLE STRESS is the design stress or allowable stress, as appropriate, AVERAGE RIB WIDTH is the average width of the rib of a corrugation in a formed steel deck, CHAPTERS ~ Structural Steel 5.19. BATTEN PLATE is a plate rigidly connected to two parallel components of a built-up colunm ot bean designed to iransinit shear between the components BEAM is a structural member that has the primary function of resisting bending moments, BEAM-COLUMN js a structural member that resists both axial force and bending moment, BEARING is the connection, limit state of ultimate shear forces transmitted by the mechanical fastener « the connection elements. BEARING refers to a bolted connection, limit state of shear forces transmitted by the boll to the connection elements, BEARING (LOCAL COMPRESSIVE YIELDING) refers to the limit state of local compressive yielding due to the action of a member bearing against another member cor surfice. BEARING-TYPE CONNECTION isa _bolfed connection where shear forces are transmitted by the bolt bearing against the connection elements BLOCK SHEAR RUPTURE refers to @ connection, Jimit state of tension fracture along one path and shear ‘yielding or shear fracture along another path, BOUNDARY MEMBER is a portion along wall and «diaphragm edge strengthened with structural steel sections and/or longitudinal steel reinforcement and transverse reinforcement. BRACED FRAME is an essentially vertical truss system that provides resistance to lateral loads and provides stability forthe structural system, BRACING iss member or system that provides stiffness and strength 10 limit the out-of-plane movement of ‘another member ats brace point BRACE TEST SPECIMEN is a single buckling- restrained brace clement used for laboratory testing intended to model the brace in the Prototype. BRANCH FACE is the wall of HSS branch member. BRANCH MEMBER refers HSS connections, member that terminates at a chord member or main member. BUCKLING is a limit state of sudden change in the geometry of a structure of any of its elements under a citical loading condition. National Structural Code of the Phiiopines Volume |, 7th Eilon, 20155.20 CHAPTER 5 ~ Sinotwral Stee BUCKLING STRENGTH is a nominal strength for instabibity imits states, BUCKLING-RESTRAINED BRACED FRAME. (BRBF) is a diagonally braced frame satisfying the requirements of Section 529 in which all members of the ‘bracing system are subjected primarily «o axial frees and in which the limit state of compression buckling of braces is precluded at farces and deformations corresponding 10 2.0 times the desigu story deifh BUCKLING-RESTRAINING SYSTEM is the system ‘oF restraints that Timits buckling of the steel core in BRBF. This system includes the casing on the steel core and structural elements adjoininy its connections. The buekling-restraining system is intended fo permit the iransverse expansion and longitudinal contraction of the steel core for deformations corresponding to 2.0 times the design story dri BUILT-UP MEMBER, CROSS-SECTION, SECTION, SHAPE refers to the member, cross-section, ‘section ar shape fabricated frorn structural steel elements that are welded or bolted together. CAMBER isa curvatue fabricated into a beam or truss so as t© compensate for defiection induced by loads. CASING is an element that resists forces transverse to the axis of the brace thereby restraining buckling of the core. The easing requires a means of delivering this fore to the remainder of the buckling-restraining system. The ‘casing resists lite or no force in the axis ofthe brace, CHARPY V-NOTCH IMPACT TEST is 1 standard dynamic test measuring notch toughness of a specimen, CHORD MEMBER refers to or HSS, primary member ‘hat extends through a truss connection, CLADDING is the exterior covering of structure. COLD-FORMED STEEL STRUCTURAL MEMBER refers to the shape manufactured by press-braking blanks sheared from sheets, cut lengths of coils or plates, or by roll forming cold- or hot-rolled coils or shests; both forming operations being performed at ambient room temperature, that is, without manifest addition of heat such as would be required for hot Forming, COLLECTOR ELEMENT refers to the member that serves to transfer loads between floor diaphragms and the members of the seismic load resisting system. COLUMN is the structural member that bas the primary fugetion of resisting axial force COLUMN BASE: is an assemblage of structural shapes. plates, connectors, bolts, and! rods ai dhe base of 3 column lused to twansmit Forces elween the steel superstructure ‘and the foundation. COMBINED SYSTEM refers (o the structure comprised of ¢Wo oF more lateral Ioad-resisting systems of different type. COMPACT SECTION is 4 section capable of developing a fully plastic stress distribution and possessing a rotation capacity of approximately three before the onset of local buckling. COMPARTMENTATION is the enclosure of a building space with clements that have specific fire endurance. COMPLETE-JOINT-PENETRATION GROOVE WELD (CIP) isa groove weld in Which weld nietal extends through the joint thickness, except as permitted fot HSS connections. COMPOSITE. is the condition in which steel and ‘concrete elements and members work as a unit in the distribution of internal forces. COMPOSITE BEAM tefecs to structural steel beam in contact with and acting compositely with reinforced canerete via bond of shear connectors, COMPOSITE BRACE is n reinforced-conerete-encased structural steel section (rolled oF built-up) or conerete- filled stcel section used as a brace. COMPOSITE COLUMN is a reinforced-conerete- encased structural steel section (tolled or built-up) or concsete-filled sieel section used as a column. COMPOSITE ECCENTRICALLY — BRACED FRAME (C-EBF) is a composite braced frame meeting. the requirements of Section 545. COMPOSITE INTERMEDIATE MOMENT FRAME (GIMF) iss composite moment frame meeting, the requirements of Section 541. COMPOSITE ORDINARY BRACED FRAME. (C-OBE) is a composite braced fame meeting the requirements of Section S44. COMPOSITE ORDINARY MOMENT FRAME, (C-OMF) is a composite moment frame meeting. the requirements of Section 545, ‘Association of Structurah Engineers of the Philippines, Ins. (ASEPYCOMPOSITE PARTIALLY —_- RESTRAINED. MOMENT FRAME (C-PRMF) is a composite moment frante meeting the requirements of Section 539. COMPOSITE SHEAR WALL is a reinforced concrete wall that has unencased or reinforced-conerete encased structural steel sections as boundary members, COMPOSITE SLAB) is a concrete slab supported on and bonded to a formed steel deck that acis as a diaphragm to transfer load to and between elements of the seismic load resisting system. COMPOSITE — SPECIAL — CONCENTRICALLY BRACED FRAME (C-CBP) is a composite braced frame meeting the requirements of Section 543, COMPOSITE SPECIAL MOMENT FRAME. (G-SMF) is a composite moment frame meeting the requirements of Section $40, COMPOSITE, STEEL PLATE SHEAR WALL {C-SPW) is a wall consisting of steel plote with reinforced concrete encasement on one of both sides that provides out~of-plane stiffening to prevent buckling of the sel plate and meeting the eoquitements of Seotion S48, CONCRETE CRUSHING is the limit sate of ‘compressive failure in concrete having reached the ‘ultimate strain, CONCRETE HAUNCH is a section of solid concrete that results from stopping the deck on each side of the girder in @ composite floor system constructed using a formed steel deck. CONCRETE-ENCASED BEAM is a bean that totally encased in concrete cast integrally with the slab, CONFIRMATORY TEST js atest made, when desired, ‘on members, connections, and assemblies designed in accordance with the provisions of Section $51 through Section $57, Appendices 1 and 2, and Section C-3 of this, Specification or its specific references, in order 1 ‘compare actual t9 ealoulated performance. CONNECTION is 2 combination of structural elements and joints used to transmit forces between two or more members. CONTINUITY PLATES is a column stiffeners at the top end bottom of the panel zone; also known as transverse sti CHAPTER 5—Struclurel Steel 5-21 CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTS refers to the design drawings, specifications, shop drawings, and erection drawings. CONTRACTOR is a fabricator or erector, as applicable, CONVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER is the transfer of thermal energy from a point of higher temperature to a point of lower temperature through the motion of an imervening medium, COPE is a cutout made in @ structural member to remove a flange and conform to the shape of an intersecting member. COUPLING BEAM is a structural stecl or composite bbeam connecting adjacent reinforced concrete wall ‘elements so that they act together to resist lateral loads, COVER PLATE is 4 plate welded or bolted to the flange of a member to increase cross-sectional area, section modulus, or moment of inert, CROSS CONNECTION refers to HSS connection in which forces in branch members or connecting clements trausverse to the main member are primatily equilibrated by forces in other branch members or connecting elements on the opposite side of the main member. CROSS-SECTIONAL AREA is an Effective area, Ae, calculated using the effective widths of component ements in acegedance sith Seoton 552, [the efetive widths of all component elements, determined in sccondance with Section 552, are equal tothe actual st ‘widths it equals the goss or net area, as appticable. CURTAIN WALL STUD is a member in the steel frarned exterior wall system that transfers transverse (out- oF plane) loads and is limited to superimposed axial load, exclusive of sheathing materials, of not more than 1460 Nim, or superimposed axial load of not more than 890.N per stud, DEMAND CRITICAL WELD weld so designated by this chapter. DESIGN-BASIS FIRE is a set of conditions that define the development of a fire and the spread of combustion products throughout a building or portion thereof. DESIGN EARTHQUAKE refers to the earthquake represented by the design response spectrum as specified in the NSCP code. National Structural Code of the Philippines Volume I, 7th Edition, 2015Steel CHAPTER 5 Structural DESIGN LOAD isthe applied load determined in accordance with either LRFD load combinations ot ASD load combinations, whichever is applicable. DESIGN METHODOLOGY is a set of step-by-step procedures, based on colealation or experiment, used (0 determine sizes, lengths, and details in the design of ‘buckling-resteained braces and their connections. DESIGN STORY DRIFT is on amplified story drift (rift under the design earthquake, including the effects of inelastic action), deterrained as specified in the NSCP vod DESIGN STRENGTH is the resistance factor multiplied by the nominal stength, @Ry- DESIGN STRESS RANGE refers to magnitude of change in stress due to the repeated spplication and removal of service live loads. For locations subject to stress reversal, it is the algebraic difference of the peak stresses, DESIGN STRESS jis the design strength divided by the appropriate section property, such as section modulus or cross section area, DESIGN WALL THICKNESS is the HSS_ wall thickness assumed in the determination of section properties, DIAGONAL BRACING is an inclined structural members carrying primarily axial load that are employed (o eoable a structural frame to act as a trss to resist, lateral loads. DIAGONAL STIFFENER is a web stiffener at column panel zone oriented diagonally to the flanges, ‘on one or both sides of the web. DIAPHRAGM js the roof, floor or other membrane ‘of bracing system that transfers in-plane forves to the lateral force resisting system. DIAPHRAGM PLATE is a plate possessing in-plane shear stiffiress ond strength, used to transfer forces to the supporting elements. DIRECT ANALYSIS METHOD is the design method {or stability that captures the effects of residual stresses and initisl out-otplumboess of frames by reducing stiffness and applying notional loads in a second-order analysis DIRECT BOND INTERACTION is mechanism by which force is transferred between steel snd concrete ina composite seetion by bond stress. DIRECT STRENGTH METHOD is an altecative design method detailed in Section C-1 that provides predictions of member strengths without the use of effective widths. DISTORTIONAL BUCKLING is a mode of buelting involving change in cross-sectional shape, excluding local buckling. DISTORTIONAL FAILURE is a limit state of an HSS. tus connection based on distortion of a rectangular HSS chord member into a rhomboidal shape. DISTORTIONAL STIFFNESS is an out-of-plane Alexural stiffness of web. DOUBLE CURVATURE is « deformed shape of a beam ‘with one or more inflection points within the span, DOUBLE-CONCENTRATED FORCES is the two equal and opposite forees that form a couple on the same side of the loaded member. DOUBLER is a plate added to, and pacallel with, a beam ‘of column web to inerease resistance to concentrated forces. DOUBLY-SYMMETRIC SECTION isa section symmetcic about two orthogonal axes through its centroid. DUAL SYSTEM is a structural systera with the following features: (1) an essentially complete space frame that provides support for gravity loads; (2) resistance to lateral load provided by moment frames (SMF, IMF or OMP) that are capable of resisting at lease 25 percent of the base shear, and concrete or steel shear walls, or steel braced frames (EBF, SCBF ot OCBF), and G) each system designed to resist the (otal lateral load in proportion to its elative rigidity. DUCTILE LIMIT STATE includes member and ‘connection yielding, bearing deformation at bolt holes, as ‘well as buckling of members that confonn to the width= ‘thickness limitations of Table 521-1. Fracture of a member or of a connection, or buckling of a connection clement, is not a ductile limit state. Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines, Ine. (ASEP)ECCENTRICALLY BRACED FRAME (EBF) is 9 diogovally braced frame meeting the requirements of Section 528 that has at least one end of each bracing member connected Wo & beam a short distance from another beam-to-braee connection or a beam-to-coluinn connection EFFECTIVE DESIGN WIDTH (EFFECTIVE WIDTH) is a flat width of on element reduced for design purposes, also known simply a the effective width, EFFECTIVE LENGTH jis the length of an otherwise identical column with the same strength when analyzed with pinned end conditions. EFFECTIVE LENGTH FACTOR is the ratio between the effective length and the unbraced length of the ‘member, EFFECTIVE NET AREA is a net arca modified 10 account for the effect of sheat lag. EFFECTIVE SECTION MODULUS is a section ‘modulus reduced to account for buckling of slender compression elements, EFFECTIVE WIDTH refeis to reduced width of a plate oc slab with an assumed uniform stress distribution which produces the same effect on the behavior of a structural member as the actual plate oF slab width with its non-uniform stress distribution, ELASTIC ANALYSIS is « structural analysis based on the assumption that the structure returns (© its original geometry on removal of the load. ELEVATED TEMPERATURES refers to heating conditions experienced by building elements or structures 8-8 result of fire, which are in excess of the antieipaced ambient conditions ENCASED COMPOSITE BEAM is a composite beam completely enclosed in reinforced conerete, ENCASED COMPOSITE COLUMN js a structural steel column (rolled or built-up) completely encased in reinforved concrete. ENCASED COMPOSITE COLUMN js a composite column consisting of a structural egncrete column and ‘one or more embedded steel shapes. END PANEL is a web panel with an adjacent panel on ‘one side only, APTER§~ Structural Steel §:24 END RETURN is a length of fillet weld that continues around a corner in the same plane, ENGINEER OF RECORD js a licensed professional responsible for sealing the design drawings and specifications EXEMPTED COLUMN ‘refers to the column not ‘meeting the requirements of Equation 522-3 for SMF. EXPANSION ROCKER refers o support with curved surface on which a member bears that can tlt 10 accommodate expansion, EXPANSION ROLLER js a round steel bar on which @ ‘member bears that can roll to accommodate expansion, EXPECTED TENSILE STRENGTH is the tensile sirength of a member, equal to the specified minimum tensile strength, Fu, multiplied by Ry. EXPECTED YIELD STRENGTH is tho yield strength in tension of a member, equal tothe expected yield stress rnulipliod by Ay. EXPECTED YIELD STRESS is the yield stress of the ‘material, equal tothe specified minimum yield stress, Fy, ‘multiplied by Ry, EYEBAR refers to pin-connested tension member of unifoom thickness, with forged or thermally cut head of greater width than the body, proportioned to provide Approximately eal strength in the hesd and body. FACE BEARING PLATES refers to stiffeners attached to structural steel beams that are embedded in reinforced concrete walls or columns. The plates are located at the face of the reinforced concrete to provide confinement ‘and to transfer Toads to the concrete through direet bearing. FACTORED LOAD is the product of a load factor and the nominal load, FASTENER is a generic term for bolts, rivets, ot other ‘connecting devices FATIGUE js a limit state of crack initiation and growth resulting from repeated application of live Toads. FAYING SURFACE is a coptact surface of connection ‘elements transmitting a shear force. National Structural Goce of the Philopines Volume |, 7th Eeilion, 20185.24 CHAPTER 5 - Siructural Stee FILLED COMPOSITE COLUMN is 2 round or _zectangalar structural stee] section filled with concrete. FILLED COMPOSITE COLUMN is a composite column consisting of a shell of HSS or steel pipe filled ‘with structural conerete, FILLER js plate used to build up the thickness of one component FILLER METAL is a metal or alloy to be added in ‘making a welded joint. FILLET WELD is a weld of generally triangular cross geotion made between intersecting surfaces of ‘elements. FILLET WELD REINFORCEMENT js a fillet welds added to groove welds. FIRE refers to a¢ destructive burning, as manifested by any of ali of the following: light, flame, heat, or smoke. FIRE BARRIER is an element of construction formed of firesesisting materials and tested in accordance with ASTM Standard E119, of other approved standard fire resistance test, to demonstrate compliance with the Building Code. FIRE ENDURANCE is a measure of the clapsed time during which a material or assembly continues to exhibit fire resistance. FIRE RESISTANCE js the property of assemblies that prevents or retards the passage of excessive heat, hot ‘gases or flames under conditions of use and enables them { continue to perform a stipulated fnetion. FIRE RESISTANCE RATING is the period of time # ‘building element, component or assembly maintains the ability to contain @ fire, continues to perform a given structural function, or both, as determined by test or methods based on tests FIRST-ORDER ANALYSIS is a structural analysis in Which equilibrium conditions are formulated on the undeformed structure; second-order effects are neglected, FITTED BEARING STIFFENER is a sliffener used at ‘a support or concentrated load that fits tightly against one or both flanges of @ beam s0 as to transmit load through bearing. FLANGE OF A SECTION IN BENDING (FLANGE) is a Mat width of flange inceding any intermediate sfiffeners plus adjoining comers. FLARE BEVEL GROOVE WELD is a weld in a groove formed by a member with @ curved surface in ‘contact with a planar member. FLARE V-GROOVE WELD is a weld in a groove formed by two members with curved surfaces. FLASHOVER is the rapid transition (0 a state of total surface involvement in a fire of combustible materials within an enclosure. FLAT WIDTH is 4 nominal width of rectangular HSS minus twice the outside comer radius. In absence cof knowledge of the comer radius, the flat width may be taken ax the otal section width minus three times the thickness. FLAT WIDTH is the Nominal width of an element exclusive of comers measured along its plane. FLAT-WIDTH-TO THICKNESS RATIO. (FLAT WIDTH RATIO) refers to flat width of an element measured along its plane, divided by its thickness, FLEXURAL BUCKLING is a buckling mode in which a compression member deflects laterally without ‘ist or change in cross-sectional shape, FLEXURAL-TORSIONAL BUCKLING is a buckling mode in which a compression member bends and twists simultaneously without change in cross-sectional shape, FORCE is a resuliant of distribution of stress over a prescribed area, FORMED SECTION see cold-formed steel structural member. FORMED STEEL DECK refers to composite construction, steal cold formed into a decking profile used as @ permanent concrete form, FULL, UNREDUCED AREA, A, is calculated without considering local buckling in the component elements, which equals either the gross area or net area, 96 applicable FULLY COMPOSITE BEAM is a composite beam that has a sufficient numberof shear connectors to develop the nominal plastic flexural strength ofthe composite section. FULLY RESTRAINED MOMENT CONNECTION is a connection capable of wansferting moment with negligible rotation between connected members. ‘Association of Structural Engineers ofthe Philippines, Ino. (ASEP)GAGE. is » transverse center-to-center spacing of fasteners. GAP CONNECTION refers 1o HSS truss connection with a gap or space on the chord face between intersecting branch members. GENERAL COLLAPSE. is 9 limit state of chord plastification of opposing sides of « round HSS chord ‘member at 9 eross-connection, GEOMETRIC AXIS is the or angle leg. parallel to web, flange GIRDER see Beam, GIRDER see Beam, GIRDER FILLER is a narrow piece of shect steal used 5 fill between the edge of a deck sheet and the flange of «girder in a composite floor system constructed using a formed steel deck. GIRT is a horizontal siricturat member that supports wall panels and is primatily subjected to bending under horizontal loads, such as wind load. GOUGE refets to relatively smooth surface groove or cavity resulting from plastic deformation of removal of material GRAVITY AXIS isthe axis through the center of gravity ‘ofa member along its length. GRAVITY FRAME is a portion of the framing system not included in the lateral load resisting system. GRAVITY LOAD js a load, such as that produced by dead and live loads, seting in the downward direction, GRIP (OF BOLT) is the thickness of material through which a bolt passes. GROSS AREA, Ag without deductions far holes, openings and cous GROOVE WELD is a weld in a groove between conitection elements. See also AWS D1. GUSSET PLATE is a plate clement connecting truss members er a stmt or brace to 8 beam or column, HEAT FLUX is the radiant eneray per unit suefice area. CHAPTER 5 ~ Structural Steel 5-25 HEAT RELEASE RATE is the rate at which thermal ‘energy is generated by a burning material HORIZONTAL SHEAR is «Force at the interface between sfeel and concrete surfaces ina composite beam, HSS is a square, rectangular or round hallow structure, steel section produced in accordance with a pipe or tubing product specification User Note: A pipe can be designed using the same design rutes for round HSS sections as Tong as it conforms to ASTM AS3 Class B and the appropriate parameters are used in the design. INELASTIC ANALYSIS refers to structural analysis that takes. into account inelastic material hebavion, including plastic analysis. INELASTIC DEFORMATION js the permanent or plastic portion of the axial displacement ina buckling resirained brace. IN-PLANE INSTABILITY. refers to limit state of @ beam-column bent about its major axis while lateral buckling or lateral-torsional buckling is prevented by lateral bracing. IN-PLANE INSTABILITY refers to buckling involving in the plane of the frame or the member. INTERMEDIATE MOMENT FRAME (IMF) is the moment frame ‘system that meets the requirements of Section 523. INTERMEDIATE SEISMIC SYSTEMS is seismic systems designed assuming moderate inclastic action ‘occurs in some members under the dcsign earthquake. INTERSTORY DRIFT ANGLE. refers to interstory displacement divided by story height, radians INSTABILITY refers to limit state reached inthe loading of a structural component, frame or structure in which a slight disturbance in the loads or geometry produces large displacements. INVERTED-V-BRACED FRAME, refers to V-braced frame. JOINT is an area where two or more ends, surfaces, oF ‘edges are attached. Categorized by type of fastener or weld used and the method of force transfer. Notional Structural God of te Philppins Volume I, 7th Eaition, 20186:26 CHAPTER 5 ~ Structural Stee! JOINT ECCENTRICITY refers to HSS truss Connection, perpendicular distance ftom chord member center of gravity (intersection of branch member work points, K-AREA is the region of the web that extends from the {tangent point of the web and the Nange-web fillet (AISC ‘K" dimension) a distance of 38 mm into the web beyond the “k” dimension. K-BRACED FRAME js @ bracing configuration in ‘which braces connect to a column at a location with no diaphragm or other out-of plane support. K-CONNECTION -refers to HSS connection in whi forces in branch members or connecting elements transverse (0 the main member are primarily equilibrated by forces in other branch members or connecting, elements om the same side of the main member. LACING js a plate, angle or other steel shape, in a lattice configuration, that connects two steel shapes together. LAP JOINT is a joint between oxo overlapping connection elements in parallel planes. LATERAL BRACING is a diagonal bracing, shear walls or equivalent means for providing in-plane lateral stability, LATERAL BRACING MEMBER refers to a member tat is designed to inhibit lateral buckling or lateral- torsional buckling of primary framing members LATERAL LOAD refers to load, such as that produced by wind or earthquake effects, acting in a lateral divection. LATERAL LOAD RESISTING SYSTEM tefers to structural system designed to resist Jateral loads. and provide stability for the structure as a whole. LATERAL-TORSIONAL BUCKLING is s buckling mode of a flexural member involving defiect normal {0 the plane of bending cecusring sinultancously ‘with twist about the shear center ofthe cross-section, LEANING COLUMN is a column designed to cany gravity Toads only, with connections that are not intended 0 provide resistance to lteral loads. LENGTH EFFECTS is the consideration of the reduction in strength of a member based on its uunbraced length, LIMIT STATE is the condition in which a structure ot component becomes unfit for service and is judged either to be no longer useful for its intended function (serviceability limit state) or to have reached its ultimate load-carrying capacity (strength limit state. LINK in EBF, the segment of a beam that is located between the ends of two diagonal braces or between the ‘end of a diagonal brace and a column. The length of the link is defined as the clear distance between the ends of two diagonal braves or between the diagonal brace and the column face. LINK INTERMEDIATE WEB STIFFENERS is the vertical web stiffeners placed within the ink in EBF. LINK ROTATION ANGLE jis an inelastic angle between the link and the beam outside of the link when the total story drift is equal to the design story drift. LINK SHEAR DESIGN STRENGTH refers to lesser of the available shear strength of the link developed from the ‘moment or shear strength of the link. LOAD refers to foree of other action that results from the weight of building materials, occupants and their postessions, environmental effects, differential ‘movement, or restrained dimensional changes. LOAD-CARRYING REINFORCEMENT is reinforeement in composite members designed and. detailed to resist the required loads. LOAD is a force ‘or other action that results from the ‘weight of building materials, occupants and their possessions, enviroumental effects, differential ‘movement, or restrained dimensional changes, LOAD EFFECT refers to forces, stresses and deformations produced in a structural compouent by the applied loads. LOAD FACTOR is a factor that accounts for deviations of the nominal load from the actual load, for uncertainties in the analysis that transforms the load into a load effect and for the probability that more than ene extreme load vill oceur simultaneously. LOCAL BENDING jis the ultimate state of lange deformation of a flange under a concentrated transverse force, LOCAL BUCKLING refers to buckling of a compression element where the line junctions beiween elements remain straight and angles between elements do not change. ‘Assocation of Stuctural Enginoers of the Philippines, Inc. (ASEP)LOCAL CRIPPLING refers to limit state of local failure of web plate in the immediate vicinity of a concentrated Jose! or reaction, LOCAL YIELDING refers to yiel local area ofan element. ng that occurs in a Lowest ANTICIPATED SERVICE, ‘TEMPERATURE (LAST) is the lowest I-hour average temperature with 9 100-year mean recurrence interval, LRED (LOAD AND RESISTANCE FACTOR DESIGN} is the method of proportioning. structutal components such that the design strength equals ot ‘exceeds the required steength of the component under the ‘action of the LRFD load combinations. LRFD LOAD COMBINATION is the load combination in the NSCP code intended for strength design (load and resistance factor design). MAIN MEMBER refers to HSS connections, chord ‘member, column or other HS$ member to which branch ‘members or other connecting elersents are attached. MASTER COIL refers to one continuous, weld-free coil as produced by a hot mill, cold mill, metallic coating line ‘or paint fine and identifiable by a unique coil number. In some cases, this coil is cut into smaller coils or slit into narrower coils; however, all of these smaller and /or narrower finished coils are said t© have come from the same master coil if they sre traceable 0 the original ‘master coil number, MEASURED FLEXURAL RESISTANCE is a bending ‘moment measured in a beam at the face of the column, for 1 beam-to-column test specimen tested in accordance with Appendix B-4, MECHANISM isa structural system that inclides = sufficient umber of real hinges, plastic hinges or both, so as to be able to articulate in one or more rigid body modes. MILL SCALE is an oxide surface coating on steel formed by the hot rolling process. MILLED SURFACE js a surface that has been machined fiat by a mechanically guided tool to a flat, smooth condition, MOMENT CONNECTION is a connection that transmits bending moment between connected members. CHAPTER 5— Structural Stee) 5.27 MOMENT FRAME refers to framing system that provides resistaice to Fatetal Joads and provides stability to the structoral system, primarily by shear and flexure of the framing members and their connections, MULTIPLE-STIFFENED ELEMENT is an clement stiffened between webs, or between # web and a stiffened edge, by means of intermediate stiffeners parallel to the direction of stress NET AREA, Ap, is equsl to gross area less the area of holes, openings, and cutouts. NODAL BRACE is a brace that prevents lateral ‘movement or twist independently of other braces at adjacent brace points (see relative brace). NOMINAL DIMENSION refers to the designated ot ‘theoretical dimension, as in the tables of section properties. NOMINAL LOAD is the magnitude of the load specified by the NSCP code. NOMINAL RIB HEIGHT refers to height of formed steel deck measured from the underside of the lowest point to the top of the highest point NOMINAL STRENGTH is a strength of a sructure or ‘component (without the resistance factor or galery factor applied) 10 resist fond effects, as determined in accordance with this Specification. NONCOMPACT SECTION is a section that can develop the yield stress in its compression elements before local buckling occurs, but cannot develop 2 rolation capacity of three. NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING refers to inspection procedure wherein no material is destroyed and integrity of the material or component is not affected. NOTCH TOUGHNESS refers to energy absorbed at a specified temperature as measured in the Charpy V-Notch test NOTIONAL LOAD refers Virtual load applied in a strictural analysis to account for destabilizing effects that are not otherwise accounted for in the design provisions. NSCP CODE refers to the building code under which the structure is designed. NSCP 6" Edition. National Structural Code of the Philppines Volume |, 7th Ealtion, 20155-28 CHAPTER'S — Structural Stee! ORDINARY CONCENTRICALLY — BRACED PRAME (OCBE) refers to a diagonally braced frame ineeting the requirements of Section 527 in which all ‘members of the bracing. system are subjected primarily (0 axial forces. ORDINARY MOMENT FRAME (OMF) refers 0 moment frame system that meets the requirements of Section 524, ORDINARY REINFORCED CONCRETE SHEAR WALL WITH STRUCTURAL STEEL ELEMENTS: {C-ORCW) is a composite shear walls meeting the requirements of Section 546. ORDINARY SEISMIC SYSTEMS js « seismic systems designed assuming limited inelastic action occurs in some _merbers under the design earthquake, OUT-OF-PLANE BUCKLING refers 10 limit state of a beam-colunn bent about its major axis while lateral buclding or lateral-torsonal buckling isnot prevented by. lateral bracing, OVERLAP CONNECTION refers HSS__tnuss ‘connection in which intersecting branch members overlap OVERSTRENGTH FACTOR, Qp refers to the factor specified by the NSCP code in order to determine the jed seismic load, where required by these PANEL ZONE is a web area of beam-to-column connection delineated by the extension of beam and column anges through the connection, transmiting ‘moment through « shear panel PARTIALLY COMPOSITE BEAM is an uneneased composite beam with a nominal flexural strength controlled by the strength of the shear stud connectors. PARTIALLY RESTRAINED COMPOSITE CONNECTION isa partially restrained (PR) ‘connections as defined in the Specification that connect partially or fully composite beams to steel columns with flexural resistance provided by a force couple achieved ‘with steel reinforcement in the slab and a steel seat angle cr similar connection atthe bottom flange. PARTIALJOINT-PENETRATION GROOVE WELD (PSP) is a Groove weld in which the penctration is intentionslly less than the complete thickness of the ‘connected element. PARTIALLY RESTRAINED MOMENT. CONNECTION is a connection capable of Irensferring moment with rotation between connected ‘members that is not neglisible PASSIVE FIRE PROTECTION refeis to Building ‘materials and systems whose ability to resist the effects of | fire does not rely on any outside activating condition or ‘mechanism. PERCENT ELONGATION is 2 measure of ductility, determined in a tensile test as the maximum elongation of the gage length divided by the original gage length. PERFORMANCE-BASED DESIGN is an engineering. approach fo structural design that is based on agreed-upon performance goals and objectives, engineering. analysis and quantitative assessment of alternatives against those design goals and objectives using accepted engineering tools, methodologies and performance eriteria, PERFORMANCE TEST is a test made on structural members, connections, and assemblies whose performance cannot be determined in accordance with Section 551 0 Section 5$7 of this specification or its ic teferences, PERMANENT LOAD refers to load in which variations over time are rare or of sinall_ magnitude, All other loads are variable loads. PIPE sce HSS, PITCH is the longitudinal centerto-center spacing of fasteners. Center-to-center spacing of bolt threads along axis of bolt. PLASTIC ANALYSIS refers to structural analysis based on the assumption of rigid-plastic behavior, in other words, that equilibrium is. satisfied throughout the structure and the stress is ator below the yield stress. PLASTIC HINGE refers to yiclded zone that forms in a structural member when the plastic moment is atained. ‘The member is assumed to rotate further as if hinged, except that such rolation is restrained by the plastic moment PLASTIC MOMENT refers tothe theoretical resisting moment developed within a fly yielded eross section. PLASTIC STRESS DISTRIBUTION METHOD is 2 ‘method for determining the stresses in a composite ‘meraber assuming that the steel section and the concrete in the cross section are fully plastic Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines, Inc. (ASEP)PLASTIFICATION fefers 10 HSS comection, limit state based on sn out-of-plane flexural yield line mechanisny in the chord at a branch member connection PLATE GIRDER is a built-up bean, PLUG WELD is 2 weld made in a circular hole in one lenient of a joint fusing that element to another clement. POINT-SYMMETRIC SECTION is a_ section symmetrical about a point (centroid) such as a Z-section having equal Manges. PONDING is retention of water due solely 10 the deflection of flat roof framing. POSITIVE FLEXURAL STRENGTH is the load or force that can be carried by an element, member, oF frame after intial buckling has occurred POST-BUCKLING STRENGTH. is the load or force that can be carried by an element, member, oF frame after inival buckling has occuned. PREQUALIFIED CONNECTION refers tothe connection thet complies with the requicements of Appendix Bel PRESCRIPTIVE DESIGN jis a design method th documents compliance with general criteria established in a building code. PRETENSIONED JOINT is 2 joint with high-strength bolts tightened to the specified minimum pretension, PROPERLY DEVELOPED is a reinforcing bars detailed to yield ina ductile manner before crushing of the concrete occurs. Bars meeting the provisions of ACI 318 in so far as development fength, spacing and cover shall be deemed to be property developed. PROTECTED ZONE is an area of members in which limmtations apply to fabrication and attachments, See Section 520.4 PROTOTYPE tcfers to the brace, connections, members, steel properties, and other design, detailing, and constriction features to be used in the actual building irame, PROTOTYPE is the comiection or brace design that is to be used in the building (SMF, IMF, EBF, and BRBF). PROVISIONS refers to this document, and in reference to the AISC Seismic Provisions for Structural Steel Buildings (ANSV/AISC 341), CHAPTERS - Stuctural Steel 5.29 PRYING ACTION js an amplification of the tension force in a bolt caused by leverage between the point of Applied toad, the bolt and the reaction of the connected elements PUBLISHED SPECIFICATION ace requirements fora steel listed by a manufacturer, processor, producer, purchaser, or other body, which (1) are generally available in the public domain or aie available to the Public upon request, (2) ate established before the stect is cordered, and (G) asa minimum, specify minimum mechanical properties, chemical composition limits, nnd, itcoated sheet, coating properties. PUNCHING LOAD is component of branch member force perpendicular to & chord, PURLIN. is 8 horizontal structural member that supports roof deck and is primarily subjected «© bending under verieal loads such as snow, wind or dead loads, P— 6 ERPECT is the effect of loads scting on the doflected shape of a member between joials or nodes, PA EFFECT js the effect of loads acting on the displaced location of joints or nodes in a strueture. In tiered building structures, this isthe effect of loads acting ‘on the laterally displaced location of floors and roofs. QUALITY ASSURANCE is system of shop and field activities and controls implemented by the owner or hhisher designated representative to provide confidence to the owner and the building authority that quality requirements are implemented. QUALITY ASSURANCE PLAN is a written description ‘of qualifications, procedures, quality inspections, resourees, and records to be used to provide assurance that the structure complies with the engineer's quality requirements, specifications and contract documents, QUALITY CONTROL is a system of shop and field controls implemented by the fabricator and erector to ‘ensure that contract and company fabrication and erection requirements are met. RATIONAL ENGINEERING ANALYSIS is an analysis based on theory that is appropriate for the situation, relevant test data if available, and sound engineering judgment, REDUCED BEAM SECTION

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