CHEMICAL BONDING

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 Prayer
Heavenly Father and Your Beloved Son Jesus Christ,
We thank you for giving us another life,
We thank you for another Beautiful Morning.
As we go on through our lessons today,
May you make us instruments to do good things.
 Prayer
Please enlighten our minds,
Give us the strength to participate in our subject today.
Thank you for this opportunity to learn and serve others,
And help me to always remember the Truth of Your Glory!
In Jesus’ name. Amen
Question

Can you determine what valence electrons are?

What is the Lewis-dot structure?
What is the Octet Rule?
How does ionic and covalent bond form?
MELCS

Recognize different types of compounds (ionic or

covalent) based on their properties such as
melting point, hardness, polarity, and electrical
and thermal conductivity (S9MTIIb-14)
Explain how ions are formed (S9MTIIe-f-16)
 BOND
FORMATION
 View
uick
Q
Atoms tend to attain more stable
states at lower chemical potential
energy levels through formation of
bonds.
They can react chemically by
losing, gaining, or sharing Atom
electrons.
 ic al
e m
Ch s
on d
B
Electrostatic forces of attraction
that hold atoms together in a
molecule.
They formed from electron-transfer
and electron-sharing interactions. Molecules
 n ce
Va le
ro ns
ct
Ele

Electrons in the outermost energy

level of an atom.
Latin "valentia" - capacity.
Capacity to form bonds.
Molecules
 g et
w to
Ho e
le n c
va s?
tro n
ele c
Electron configuration
Number of valence electrons = total
electron population at the highest
principal energy level (n).
Through the periodic table (by group Atom and valence electrons

placement of an element,
 D o t
e w is
L u re
ru ct
St

Dots are represent the valence

electrons in atoms and molecules.
Named aftet Gilbert Newton Lewis
Molecules
 Rule
ctet
O
Elements under noble gases have
achieved stability (solitary atoms)
since they have no tendency to
change their electron configuration.
Noble gases filled their outer s and p
subshells (ns2 np6), except helium.
Eight electrons in total = octet Atoms
 Rule
ctet
O

It states that the atoms of the

elements form bonds so as to have
access to eight outer electrons.
Particularly helpful in describing the
bonding of many, but certainly not all
elements.
Molecules
 Rule
ctet
O

A metal may lose one to three

electrons to form a cation (positive
ion) with the electron configuration of
the previous noble gas (the one with
the next lowest atomic number).
Ionic compound formation
Ionic formation
 Rule
ctet
O

A nonmetal may gain one to three

electrons to form an anion (negative
ion) with the electron configuration of
the next noble gas (the one with the
next highest atomic number).
Ionic compound formation
Ionic formation
 Rule
ctet
O

Atoms (usually two nonmetals) may

share electrons with other atoms to
obtain access to the number of
electrons in the next noble gas.
Covalent compound formation
Covalent formation
Types of
Bond

Ionic Bond
Covalent Bond
Metallic Bond
 ond
ic B
Ion

The electrostatic attraction between

a metal and a nonmetal due to
transfer of electrons, between
oppositely charged ions.
Electrovalent bond or electrovalence
Electronegativity: 1.78 above
Covalent formation
 le nt
ova
C
nd
Bo
The sharing of electrons between
atoms in the formation of molecules.
Atoms of the same electronegativity
like nonmetal and nonmetal form
covalent bonds
Electronegativity: 1.77 below Covalent formation
 le nt
ova
C
nd
Bo
Polar Bonds: A force of attraction
due to to the unequal sharing of
electrons by two atoms.
Nonpolar Bonds: A force of attraction
due to the equal sharing of electrons
by two atoms. Covalent formation
 la r
Po t
ale n
Cov
n d
Bo
It occurs because one atom has a
stronger affinity for electrons than
that of the other.
Examples: H20 (Water), CO2 (Carbon
Dioxide), Ammonia (NH3) Covalent formation
 o la r
o np
N n t
vale
Co
n d
Bo

Diatomic molecules: H2, O2, and N2

They are held together by electron
sharing by pairs, especially when an
equal attraction occurred. Covalent formation
 la r
Po
c ule
Mole

A molecule formed from an unequal

sharing of electrons forming two
poles or dipole.

Covalent formation
 ola r
o np
N ule
o lec
M

A molecule without a dipole or

formed from two opposing polar
bonds cancelling its polarity.

Covalent formation
 allic
Met
n d
Bo

The attraction of valence electron of

the metal to the kernel of another
atom.
Composed of kernel and outer
electrons.
Metallic bond
 allic
Met
n d
Bo
Kernel is made up of nucleus and
lower-level electrons
They arranged in an orderly array,
with the outer orbitals intermingling
with one another, resulting in a "sea"
of outer electrons moving around. Metallic bond
 allic
Met
n d
Bo

The sea of outer electrons is capable

of flowing from one atom to the next
along the network of kernels.
It accounts the electronegativity and
luster that is characteristic of metals.
Metallic bond
 What To Do
Next?

1. Do Core Task - Multiple Choice , Understanding #2, and

Product #1 pp. 18-19. Submit it in S3 ILA#3 in Google
Classroom.
2. Submit your experiment for those who didn't finish yet. See
page 4 for details. Details on the answers about the
experiment will be published on the private comments.