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Bjarke Ingels

Bjarke Bundgaard Ingels (Danish pronunciation:  [ˈpjɑːkə ˈpɔnkɒ ˈe̝ ŋˀl̩ s]; born 2 October 1974) is a Danish
Bjarke Ingels
architect, founder and creative partner of Bjarke Ingels Group (BIG).

In Denmark, Ingels became well known after designing two housing complexes in Ørestad: VM Houses and
Mountain Dwellings. In 2006 he founded Bjarke Ingels Group, which grew to a staff of 400 by 2015, with
noted projects including the 8 House housing complex, VIA 57 West in Manhattan, the Google North Bayshore
headquarters (co-designed with Thomas Heatherwick), the Superkilen park, and the Amager Resource Center
(ARC) waste-to-energy plant – the latter which incorporates both a ski slope and climbing wall on the building
exterior.

Since 2009, Ingels has won numerous architectural competitions. He moved to New York City in 2012, where
in addition to the VIA 57 West, BIG won a design contest after Hurricane Sandy for improving Manhattan's
flood resistance.

In 2011, The Wall Street Journal named Ingels Innovator of the Year for architecture,[1] and in 2016 Time
named him one of the 100 Most Influential People.[2]
2015 in Frankfurt am Main
Early life and background Born 2 October 1974
Copenhagen,
Ingels was born in Copenhagen in 1974. His father is an engineer and his mother is a dentist.[3] Hoping to
Denmark
become a cartoonist, he began studying architecture in 1993 at the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts,
thinking it would help him improve his drawing skills. After several years, he began an earnest interest in Alma mater Royal Danish
architecture.[4] He continued his studies at the Escola Tècnica Superior d'Arquitectura in Barcelona, and Academy of Fine Arts,
returned to Copenhagen to receive his diploma in 1999.[5] As a third-year student in Barcelona, he set up his School of Architecture
first practice and won his first competition.[6] Occupation Architect

Practice Bjarke Ingels Group


Alongside his architectural practice, Ingels has been a visiting professor at the Rice University School of Architecture, the Harvard Graduate
School of Design,[7] the Columbia University Graduate School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation,[8] and most recently, the Yale School of
Architecture.[9]

Career

1998–2005

From 1998 to 2001, Ingels worked for Rem Koolhaas at the Office for Metropolitan Architecture in
Rotterdam.[10] In 2001, he returned to Copenhagen to set up the architectural practice PLOT together with
Belgian OMA colleague Julien de Smedt. The company received national and international attention for
their inventive designs.[11] They were awarded a Golden Lion at the Venice Biennale of Architecture in
2004 for a proposal for a new music house for Stavanger, Norway.[12]

PLOT completed a 2,500 m2 (27,000 sq ft) series of five open-air swimming pools, Islands Brygge Harbour
Bath, on the Copenhagen Harbour front with special facilities for children in 2003.[13] They also completed
Maritime Youth House, a sailing club and a youth house at Sundby Harbour, Copenhagen.[14]

The first major achievement for PLOT was the award-winning VM Houses in Ørestad, Copenhagen, in
2005. Inspired by Le Corbusier's Unité d'Habitation concept, they designed two residential blocks, in the
shape of the letters V and M (as seen from the sky); the M House with 95 units, was completed in 2004,
and the V House, with 114 units, in 2005.[15] The design places strong emphasis on daylight, privacy and
views.[16] Rather than looking over the neighboring building, all of the apartments have diagonal views of VM Houses in Ørestad, Denmark
the surrounding fields. Corridors are short and bright, rather like open bullet holes through the building.
There are some 80 different types of apartment in the complex, adaptable to individual needs.[17] The
building garnered Ingels and Smedt the Forum AID Award for the best building in Scandinavia in 2006.[18] Ingels lived in the complex until 2008
when he moved into the adjacent Mountain Dwellings.[16]

In 2005, Ingels also completed the Helsingør Psychiatric Hospital in Helsingør, a hospital which is shaped like a snowflake.[19] Each room of the
hospital was specially designed to have a view, with two groups of rooms facing the lake, and one group facing the surrounding hills.[19]

2006–2008

After PLOT was disbanded at the end of 2005, in January 2006 Ingels made Bjarke Ingels Group (BIG) its own company.[3] It grew to 400
employees by 2016.[11]

BIG began working on the 25-metre-high (82  ft) Mountain Dwellings on the VM houses site in the Ørestad district of Copenhagen, combining
10,000  m2 (110,000  sq  ft) of housing with 20,000  m2 (220,000  sq  ft) of parking and parking space, with a mountain theme throughout the
building.[20] The apartments scale the diagonally sloping roof of the parking garage, from street level to 11th floor, creating an artificial, south
facing 'mountainside' where each apartment has a terrace measuring around 93  m2 (1,000  sq  ft).[16] The
parking garage contains spots for 480 cars.[21] The space has up to 16-metre-high (52  ft) ceilings, and the
underside of each level of apartments is covered in aluminium painted in a distinctive colour scheme of
psychedelic hues which, as a tribute to Danish 1960s and '70s furniture designer Verner Panton, are all exact
matches of the colours he used in his designs.[22] The colours move, symbolically, from green for the earth over
yellow, orange, dark orange, hot pink, purple to bright blue for the sky.[22] The northern and western facades of
the parking garage depict a 3,000 m2 (32,000 sq ft) photorealistic mural of Himalayan peaks.[21] The parking
garage is protected from wind and rain by huge shiny aluminium plates, perforated to let in light and allow for
natural ventilation. By controlling the size of the holes, the sheeting was transformed into the giant rasterized
image of Mount Everest.[20] Completed in October 2008, it received the World Architecture Festival Housing
Award (2008), Forum AID Award (2009) and the MIPIM Residential Development Award at Cannes
(2009).[12] Dwell magazine has stated that the Mountain Dwellings "stand as a beacon for architectural
Mountain Dwellings
possibility and stylish multifamily living in a dense, design-savvy city."[16]

Their third housing project, 8 House, commissioned by Store Frederikslund


Holding, Høpfner A/S and Danish Oil Company A/S in 2006 and completed in October 2010, was the largest
private development ever undertaken in Denmark and in Scandinavia, combining retail with commercial row
houses and apartments.[23][24] It is also Ingels' third housing development in Ørestad, following VM Houses
and Mountain Dwellings.[25] The sloping, bow-shaped 10-storey building consists of 61,000 m2 (660,000 sq ft)
of three different types of residential housing and 10,000  m2 (110,000  sq  ft) of retail premises and offices,
providing views over the fields and marches of Kalvebod Faelled to the south. The 476-unit apartment building
forms a figure 8 around two courtyards.[3] Noted for its green roof which won it the 2010 Scandinavian Green
Roof Award, Ingels explained, "The parts of the green roof that remain were seen by the client as integral to the
building as they are visible from the ground. These not only provide the environmental benefits that we all 8 House
know come from green roofs, but also add to the visual drama and appeal of the sloping roofs and rooftop
terrace in between."[26] The building also won the Best Residential Building at the 2011 World Architecture
Festival,[27] and the Huffington Post included 8 House as one of the "10 Best Architecture Moments of 2001–2010."[28]

In 2007, Ingels exhibited at the Storefront for Art and Architecture in New York City and was commissioned to design the Danish Maritime
Museum in Helsingør. The current museum is located on the UNESCO World Heritage Site of nearby Kronborg Castle.[29] The concept of the
building is 'invisible' space, a subterranean museum which is still able to incorporate dramatic use of daylight.[30] In launching the $40 million
project, BIG had to reinforce an abandoned concrete dry dock on the site, 150 metres (490 ft) long, 25 metres (82 ft) wide and 9 metres (30 ft)
deep, building the museum on the periphery of the reinforced dry dock walls which will form the facade of the new museum.[30] [31] The dry dock
will also host exhibitions and cultural events throughout the year.[30] The museum's interior is designed to simulate the ambiance of a ship's deck,
with a slightly downward slope. The 7,600 m2 (82,000 sq ft) exhibition gallery is to house an extensive collection of paintings, model ships, and
historical equipment and memorabilia from the Danish Navy.[30] Ingels is collaborating with consulting engineer Rambøll, Alectia for project
management, and E. Pihl & Søn and Kossmann.dejong for construction and interior design.[29] Some 11 different foundations are funding the
project. Construction began on the museum in September 2010 and it is scheduled for completion by the summer of 2013.[30] In September 2012,
the Kronborg and Zig-Zag Bridge components to the building were shipped in from China.[30]
Construction work at the Danish
Maritime Museum

2009–present: international scope

Ingels designed a pavilion in the shape of a loop for the Danish World Expo 2010 pavilion in Shanghai. The open-
air 3,000  m2 (32,000  sq  ft) steel pavilion has a spiral bicycle path, accommodating up to 300 cyclists who
experience Danish culture and ideas for sustainable urban development.[32] In the centre, amid a pool of 1 million
litres (264,172 gallons) of water, is the Copenhagen statue of The Little Mermaid, paying homage to Danish
author Hans Christian Andersen.[32]

In 2009, Ingels designed the new National Library of Kazakhstan in Astana located to the south of the State Exterior of Denmark's Pavilion at
the 2010 World Expo in
Auditorium, said to resemble a "giant metallic doughnut".[33] BIG and MAD designed the Tilting Building in the
Shanghai
Huaxi district of Guiyang, China, an innovative leaning tower with six facades.[16] Other projects included the city
hall in Tallinn, Estonia, and the Faroe Islands Education Centre in Tórshavn, Faroe Islands.[11] Accommodating
some 1,200 students and 300 teachers, the facility has a central open rotunda for meetings between staff and pupils.[34]

In 2010, Fast Company magazine included Ingels in its list of the 100 most creative people in business, mentioning his design of the Danish
pavilion.[35] BIG projects became increasingly international, including hotels in Norway, a museum overlooking Mexico City, and converting an oil
industry wasteland into a zero-emission resort on Zira Island off the coast of Baku, Azerbaijan.[36] The 1,000,000  m2 (11,000,000  sq  ft) resort
started construction in 2010, and represented the seven mountains of Azerbaijan. It was cited as "one of the world's largest eco-developments."[37]
The "mountains" were covered with solar panels and provide for residential and commercial space. According to BIG, "The mountains are
conceived not only as metaphors, but engineered as entire ecosystems, a model for future sustainable urban development".[37]

In 2011, BIG won a competition to design the roof of the Amagerforbrænding industrial building, with 31,000 m2 (330,000 sq ft) of ski slopes of
varying skill levels.[38] The roof is put forward as another example of "hedonistic sustainability": designed from recycled synthetics, aiming to
increase energy efficiency by up to 20 percent.[39] In October 2011, The Wall Street Journal named Ingels the Innovator of the Year for
architecture,[40] later saying he was "becoming one of the design world's rising stars" in light of his portfolio.[41]
In 2012, Ingels moved to New York to supervise work on a pyramid-like apartment building on West 57th Street,[3] a collaboration with real estate
developer Durst Fetner Residential.[42] BIG opened a permanent New York office, and became committed to further work in New York. By mid-
2012 that office had a staff of 50, which they used to launch other projects in North America.[41][43][44][45][46] In 2014 Ingels's design for an
integrated flood protection system, the DryLine, was a winner of the Rebuild By Design competition created by the Department of Housing and
Urban Development in the wake of Hurricane Sandy.[47] The DryLine will stretch Manhattan's shoreline on the Lower East Side, with a landscaped
flood barrier in East River Park, enhanced pedestrian bridges over the FDR drive, and permanent and deployable floodwalls north of East 14th
Street.[48]

BIG designed the Lego House that began construction in 2014 in Billund, Denmark. Ingels said of it, "We felt that if BIG had been created with the
single purpose of building only one building, it would be to design the house for Lego."[49] Designed as a village of interlocking and overlapping
buildings and spaces, the house is conceived with identical proportions to the toy bricks, and can be constructed one-for-one in miniature. They
also designed the Danish Maritime Museum in Elsinore, Denmark, and a master plan for the new Smithsonian Institution south campus in
Washington, D.C. This is part of a 20-year project that will begin in 2016.[50][51]

Ingels also designed two extensions for his former High School in Hellerup, Denmark — a handball court, and a larger arts and sports extension.
The handball court, in homage to the architect's former math teacher, sports a roof with curvature that traces the trajectory of a thrown
handball.[52]

In 2015, Ingels began working on a new headquarters for Google in Mountain View, California with Thomas Heatherwick, the British designer.
Bloomberg Businessweek hailed the design as "The most ambitious project unveiled by Google this year ..." in a feature article on the design and its
architects.[53] Later that year, BIG was chosen to take up the design of Two World Trade Center, one of the towers replacing the Twin Towers. The
work had initially been entrusted to the British firm Foster and Partners, but was revoked and given back to Foster in 2019. [54][55][56]

Ingels was considered for the Hudsons Yard project.[57] In late 2016, the project became official.[58]

Other projects
In 2009, Ingels became a co-founder of the KiBiSi design group, together with Jens Martin Skibsted and Lars Larsen. With its focus on urban
mobility, architectural illumination and personal electronics, the company designs bicycles, furniture, household objects and aircraft, becoming
one of Scandinavia's most influential design groups.[59] KiBiSi designed the furniture for Ingels' Danish Pavilion at EXPO 2010.[60]

Ingels's first book, Yes Is More: An Archicomic on Architectural Evolution,[61] catalogued 30 projects from his practice. Designed in the form of a
comic book, which he believed was the best way to tell stories about architecture, he later said that the medium contributed to the perception that
some of his projects are cartoonish.[4][62] A sequel, Hot to Cold: An Odyssey of Architectural Adaptation, explored 60 case studies through a
climatic lens, to examine where and how people live on the planet, working from the warmest regions to the coldest. The book was designed by
Grammy Award-winning designer Stefan Sagmeister, and accompanied by an exhibition of the same name at the National Building Museum in
Washington D.C. The book featured well known projects such as VIA (West 57th), Amager Bakke, 8 House, Gammel Hellerup High School,
Superkilen, The Lego House and the Danish Maritime Museum, amongst others.[63]
In 2009, Ingels spoke at a TED event in Oxford, UK.[64] He presented the case study "Hedonistic
sustainability" in a workshop on managing complexity at the 3rd International Holcim Forum 2010 in Mexico
City, and was a member of the Holcim Awards regional jury for Europe in 2011.[65]

In 2015, a division of the Kohler Company, Kallista, released a new line of bath and kitchen products designed
by Ingels. Named "taper", the fixtures featured minimalist and mid-century Danish design.[66]

In 2016, he was a keynote speaker at the leadership conference Aarhus Symposium, in which he addressed the
role of creativity and empowerment in leadership.[67]

Film

Ingels was cast in My Playground, a documentary film by Kaspar Astrup Schröder that explores parkour and
freerunning, with much of the action taking place on and around BIG projects.[68]

He was also part of the documentary film Genre de Vie, about bicycles, cities and personal awareness. It looks Model for West 57, New York
at desired space and our own impact to the process of it. The film documents urban life empowered by the
simplicity of the bicycle.

Ingels was profiled in the first season of the Netflix docu-series Abstract: The Art of Design.[69]

Design philosophy
In 2009, The Architectural Review said that Ingels and BIG "has abandoned 20th-century
Architecture seems to be entrenched in two
Danish modernism to explore the more fertile world of bigness and baroque eccentricity...
equally unfertile fronts: either naively utopian
BIG's world is also an optimistic vision of the future where art, architecture, urbanism and
or petrifyingly pragmatic. We believe that
nature magically find a new kind of balance. Yet while the rhetoric is loud, the underlying there is a third way... A pragmatic utopian
messages are serious ones about global warming, community life, post-petroleum-age architecture.
architecture and the youth of the city."[71] The Netherlands Architecture Institute described
him as "a member of a new generation of architects that combine shrewd analysis, playful
experimentation, social responsibility and humour."[72] —Bjarke Ingels.[70]
In an interview in 2010, Ingels provided a number of insights on his design philosophy. He
defines architecture as "the art of translating all the immaterial structures of society – social,
cultural, economical and political – into physical structures." Architecture should "arise from the world" benefiting from the growing concern for
our future triggered by discussion of climate change. In connection with his BIG practice, he explains: "Buildings should respond to the local
environment and climate in a sort of conversation to make it habitable for human life" drawing, in particular, on the resources of the local climate
which could provide "a way of massively enriching the vocabulary of architecture."[4]
Luke Butcher noted that Ingels taps into metamodern sensibility, adopting a metamodern attitude; but he "seems to oscillate between modern
positions and postmodern ones, a certain out-of-this-worldness and a definite down-to-earthness, naivety and knowingness, idealism and the
practical."[70] Sustainable development and renewable energy are important to Ingels, which he refers to as "hedonistic sustainability". He has said
that "It's not about what we give up to be sustainable, it's about what we get. And that is a very attractive and marketable concept." [73] He has also
been outspoken against "suburban biopsy" in Holmen, Copenhagen, caused by wealthy older people (the grey-gold generation) living in the
suburbs and wanting to move into the town to visit the Royal Theatre and the opera.[74]

In 2014, Ingels released a video entitled 'Worldcraft' (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pyNGDWnmX0U) as part of the Future of
StoryTelling summit, which introduced his concept of creating architecture that focuses on turning "surreal dreams into inhabitable space".[75]
Citing the power of alternate reality programs and video games, like Minecraft,[76] Ingels's 'worldcraft' is an extension of 'hedonistic sustainability'
and further develops ideas established in his first book, Yes Is More. In the video (and essay by the same name in his second book, Hot to Cold: An
Odyssey of Architectural Adaptation) Ingels notes: "These fictional worlds empower people with the tools to transform their own environments.
This is what architecture ought to be  ..." "Architecture must become Worldcraft, the craft of making our world, where our knowledge and
technology doesn't limit us but rather enables us to turn surreal dreams into inhabitable space. To turn fiction into fact."[77]

Personal life
In 2015, Ingels bought an apartment in New York's Dumbo neighborhood.

Notable projects
For a full list of projects, see Bjarke Ingels Group#Completed projects

Islands Brygge Harbour Bath, Copenhagen (completed 2003) Europa City, Paris
VM Houses, Ørestad, Copenhagen (completed 2005) Two World Trade Center New York City, office building On hold,
Mountain Dwellings, Ørestad, Copenhagen (completed 2008) Larry Silverstein identified possible tenants News Corporation and
Danish Maritime Museum, Helsingør, Denmark (u/c, completion 21st Century Fox to create a joint headquarters, signing BIG for a
mid-2013) new design. However, BIG’s design required a change to the
foundation already in place and Silverstein went back to Foster +
8 House, Ørestad, Copenhagen (completed 2010)
Partners.[79] As of September 2022, the building is still stalled at
Superkilen, a public park in Copenhagen (completed 2011).[78] foundations, lacking a major tenant.[80]
Amager Bakke, incinerator power plant and ski hill (2017
completion)

Exhibitions
2007 BIG City, Storefront for Art and Architecture, New York[81]
2009 Yes is More, Danish Architecture Centre, Copenhagen[82][83]
2010 Yes is More, CAPC, Bordeaux and WECHSELRAUM, Stuttgart
2015 Hot to Cold: An Odyssey of Architectural Adaptation, National Building Museum
2019-2020 BIG presents FORMGIVING (https://dac.dk/en/exhibitions/formgiving-big/), Danish Architecture
Centre, Copenhagen

Awards
For a more detailed list of awards, see Bjarke Ingels Group#Awards

2001 and 2003 Henning Larsen Prize[84] "Yes Is More", Copenhagen, 2009
2002 Nykredit Architecture Prize
2004 ar+d award for the Maritime Youth House[85]
2004 Golden Lion for best concert hall design, Venice Biennale of Architecture (for Stavanger Concert Hall
proposal)
2006 Forum AID Award, Best Building in Scandinavia in 2006 (for VM Houses)
2007 Mies van der Rohe Award Traveling Exhibition – VM Houses
2008 Forum AID Award for Best Building in Scandinavia in 2008 (for Mountain Dwellings)
2009 ULI Award for Excellence (for Mountain Dwellings)[86]
2010 European Prize for Architecture[87]
2011 Dreyer Honorary Award
2011 Danish Crown Prince Couple's Culture Prize[88]
2011 French Academy of Architecture, Prix Delarue Award
2011 The Wall Street Journal Architectural Innovator of the Year Award
2012 American Institute of Architects Honor Award for 8 House, deemed to elevate the quality of
architectural practice.[89]
2013 Den Danske Lyspris (for Gammel Hellerup Gymnasium)
2013 American Institute of Architects Honor Award, Regional and Urban Design (for Superkilen)
2014 European Prize of Architecture Philippe Rotthier (for the Danish Maritime Museum)
2014 Urban Land Institute, 40 Under 40 Award
2015 Global Holcim Awards for Sustainable Construction, Bronze (for The DryLine resiliency project)[90]
2016 Aga Khan Award for Architecture[91]
2017 C.F. Hansen Medal[92]
2019 The National German Sustainability Award (Deutscher Nachhaltigkeitspreis) Honor Award,[93]

Bibliography
Bjarke Ingels, Yes is More: An Archicomic on Architectural Evolution (exhibition catalogue), Copenhagen, 2009, ISBN 9788799298808[83]
BIG, Bjarke Ingels Group Projects 2001–2010, Design Media Publishing Ltd, 2011, 232 pages. ISBN 9789881973863.
BIG, BIG – Bjarke Ingels Group, Archilife, Seoul, 2010, 356 pages. ISBN 9788996450818
BIG, BIG: Recent Project, GA Edita, Tokyo, 2012. ISBN 9784871406789
BIG, Abitare, Being BIG, Abitare, Milan, 2012.
BIG, Arquitectura Viva, AV Monograph BIG, Arquitectura Viva, Madrid, 2013. ISBN 9788461655922
BIG, Topotek & Superflex, Barbara Steiner, Superkilen, Arvinius + Orfeus, Stockholm, 2013, 224 Pages. ISBN 9789187543029
BIG, Bruce Peter, Museum in the Dock, Arvinius + Orfeus, Stockholm, 2014, 208 pages. ISBN 9789198075649
Bjarke Ingels, Hot to Cold: An Odyssey of Architectural Adaptation (exhibition catalogue), Taschen, New York and Köln, 2015, 712 pages.
ISBN 9783836557399[63]

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External links
Bjarke Ingels (https://www.ted.com/speakers/bjarke_ingels) at TED
"3 warp-speed architecture tales" (TEDGlobal 2009) (http://www.ted.com/talks/bjarke_ingels_3_warp_speed_architecture_tales)
Bjarke Ingels design consultancy (https://web.archive.org/web/20101102115436/http://www.kibisi.com/about) KiBiSi.com
'Yes is More' Talk at the Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA), London 2010 (https://archive.today/20130418224557/http://www.gleeds.tv/i
ndex.cfm?video=739) (video)
Bjarke interviewed for Studio Banana (http://studiobanana.tv/2010/12/27/studio-banana-tv-interviews-bjarke-ingels/)
Bjarke Ingels Posters (https://www.giuseppegallo.design/works/bjarke-ingels-group-syntax-poster-series/)
Interview with Bjarke Ingels (http://www.archi-ninja.com/interview-with-bjarke-ingels/) Archi-Ninja.com
Google Campus (https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2015-05-07/google-s-new-campus-architects-ingels-heatherwick-s-moon-shot)

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